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References • Lin M.S., Me Nay J. L. and Shepherd A. M.M. (1983) : Increased plasma non epinephrin accompanies persistant tachycardia after hydrelazine. Hypertension; 5 : 131 - 8 . • Lindheimer MD, and Katz, AI. (1985) : Acute renal failure in pregnancy in principles ofMedical therapy in pregnancy, edited by II Ngleicher. Plenum, New York. • Lockwood C.J. and Peters, J.H. (1990) : Increased plasma levels of ED cellulor fibronectin precede the clinical signs ofpreeclampsia. AmJ. Obstet & Gynecol.; 162 : 358 • 62 . • Lopez-Espinosa i.; Dher H.; Humphery S.S.; and Redman e.W.G. (1986): Urinary albumin excretion in pregnancy. BrJ. obstet & Gynecol. 93: 176 -181 . • Lopez-Liera M, Linores GR and Hotta J.L.H. (1976) : Maternal mortality rates in preeclampsia. AmJ. Obstet & Gynecol. 124 : 149 . • Lorentzen B, Endresen MJ, Clausen T, Henri Ken T. (1994) : Fasting serum free fatty acids and Triglycerides are increased before 20 weeks of gestation in women who later develop preeclampsia. Hypertens prcgn.; 13 : 103 - 9 . • Loscalzo J. (1990) : Lipoprotein (a) : A unique risk factor for atherosclerotic disease. Arteriosclerosis; 10 : 672-9 . • Lyall F, Greer • lA, and Boswell E. (1994) : The cell adhesion molecule, VCAM-l is selectively elevated in serum in preeclampsia: does this indicate the mechanism ofleucocyte activation. Br.Je obstet Gynecol, 101 : 485 - 487 . • Mabie W.e.; Hackman B.B. and Peters. J.H (1994) : Endothelidl Cell injury in pregnancy induced hypertension. Obstet. Gynecol.; 81 : 227 . 118 '.
... ....- t References • Magann Everett and James N.; Martin J.e. (1995) : Laboratory evaluation ofHypertensive gravidase obstet& Gynecol. Surv.; 50 (2) : 138. • Marcovina S.M.; Morrisett, J.D.(l995) : Structure and Metabolism oflipoprotein (a) .Curr. Opin. Lipidol; 6: 136-145 . • Mattar F and Sibai 8.M. (2000): Eclampsia VIll Risk Factor for maternal morbidity. Am. 1. Obstets Gynecol. 182 : 307 - 12 . • Me lean J.W; Tomlinson J.E and Kauang, W.J. (1987) : cDNA sequence of human lipoprotein (a) in homologous to plasminogen. Nature; 330 : 132-7 . • Mckay D.G. (1972) : HELLP Syndrom in preeclampsia a case study of four cases with HELLP syndrorn. 1. obstet. Gynecol. Br. Common wealth; 7 : 25 - 30 . • Meekins K.; Tolyd T.p and kiland y. (1994) : Lipoprotein(a) in 56 cases ofkidney diseases. AmJ. Obsetet . Gynaecol; 171:1289-95 . • Meier B, Radeke H.H, and Selle S. (1989) : Human fibroblast Release reactive oxygen species' in Response to interleukin I or Tumour necrosis factor. Biochemj; 263 : 539 - 45 . • Miles L.A.; Fless G.M. ; Levine E.G.; Scanu,A.M. and Plow E.F. (1989) : A potential basis for thrombotic risks assotiated with lipoprotein(a). Nature; 339 : 301·3 . • Miller J.G. 8.; Campbell, S.K; Albano, J.D.M; Higgins, B.R; and Clark ,A.D. (1996) : Early prediction of preeclampsia by measurement of kallikrin and creatinine in random urin sample Br.J. obstet & Gynecol. 103 : 421 - 426. • Miller T.R; Anderson R.J and Lians S.L. (1978) : Urinary Diagnostic indices in acute renal Failure. Ann intern. Med. 89: 47. 119
Page 3 and 4:
ACKNOWLEDGMENT Above all and first
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List of Abbreviations : Apolipoprot
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INTRODUCTION AND AIM OF THE WORK
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Aim of The Work Aim ofthe work Is t
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I . HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS IN PREGN
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-f Etiology of Preeclampsia Review
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Pathogenesis of preeclampsia Revi
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-.-- Review ofLiterature Changes in
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--f' -,- Review ofLiterature clinic
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Review ofLiterature and is consider
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Review ofLiterature next pregnancy
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Review ofLiterature On the other ha
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Review ofLiterature which is define
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1. Gestational hypertension (withou
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Review ofLiterature However, severe
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Review ofLiterature It is an indica
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Review ofLiterature above hemodynam
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Review ofLiterature patients (Nahee
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Proteinuria and microalbuminuria :
Page 55:
Review ofLiterature peptides includ
Page 58 and 59:
.... -,:-" Review ofLiterature a. T
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.... 'I, - 2. Occular complications
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,- - 6. HELLP syndrome: ReviewofLit
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II. Maternal mortality: Review ofLi
Page 66:
Review ofLiterature Management of p
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i- Review ofLiterature 5. High dens
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unesterified Apoliporobein choleste
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Lipoprotein (a) as an atherogenic f
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Review ofLiterature the last trimes
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Review ofLiterature small vessels o
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Patients and Methods Patients and M
Page 89 and 90: ." ' (Table 8) Measurement against
Page 91: ." (Table 12) Calculation: Obtain t
Page 97 and 98: ]RESULTS
Page 99 and 100: Results The data was gathered and s
Page 101: Results There was a significant dif
Page 105 and 106: Control Mild PIH Severe group PIH (
Page 107 and 108: Control Mild PIH Severe group PIH Q
Page 109: .,. DISCUSSION
Page 113 and 114: Discussion uric acid unfortunately
Page 115 and 116: -··f Summary and Conclusions Summ
Page 118 and 119: ,. RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 120 and 121: 'W'.. REFEQ.ENCES
Page 122: References • Beckette G.L. (1998)
Page 126 and 127: References • Cunningham F.G; Mac
Page 128: References • Dekker G.A.; devries
Page 132 and 133: References • Heiberg A.; Richard
Page 136: References • Minawi M.; Shoukry M
Page 140 and 141: References • Schiff E.; Pelec E.
Page 142 and 143: References • Taylor R.N. Heilbron
Page 144: References • Weinstein M. (1985):
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