KRK

zastave” koju je zamjenio kamenim reljefom lava svetoga
Marka pred kojeg su dolazili Kr~ani “kao pred
op}e opra{tanje”. Prema tradiciji ljudi bi prije ulaska
u grad, na gradskim vratima, ljubili lava da ih ne bi
zadesila zla kob. Vinciguerra je u gradu Krku
uspostavio i gradsku sve~anost koja se je slavila 22.
velja~e kao dan sje}anja na oslobo|enje Krka od
tobo`nje tiranije kneza Ivana. Sve~anost je po~injala
velikom procesijom u kojoj su sudjelovali sve}enici
cijeloga otoka i narod, nakon ~ega su se odr`avala
natjecanja u raznim disciplinama i vje{tinama kao
ga|anje pijetla na vrhu stupa ili ga|anje cilja kopljem
ja{u}i konja. Ovakva takmi~enja odr`avala su se tri
puta godi{nje, a velike procesije odr`avale su se jo{ o
Uskrsu i na blagdan Sv. Lovre, 10. kolovoza kada se
odr`avao i trodnevni sajam.
U nadi i ~vrstoj vjeri da }e povratiti izgubljeni
otok, knez Ivan je potkraj 1481. pobjegao iz Venecije i
ne do{av{i na svoj otok, umro 1486. Dugo su vremena
sve slabiji Frankopani iz ostale Hrvatske `eljeli vratiti
Krk, ali im to nije uspjelo. Obitelj je uni{tena
smaknu}em Frana II. Krste Frankopana kojeg je kao
urotnika sa Zrinskim 1671. godine dao pogubiti car i
kralj Leopold I. Habsburg. Nakon toga su njihova
imanja oplja~kana, opusto{ena, zapaljena i uni{tena.
Korijenima na otoku Krku, najbogatijem podru~ju
glagolja{ke kulture, kr~ki knezovi Frankopani uporni
su promicatelji i za{titnici glagoljice kao osnovnoga
hrvatskoga pisma u slu`benom i privatnom `ivotu te
u crkvenoslavenskoj slu`bi Bo`joj. Njihovi brojni
rukopisi, pogotovo glagoljski kao Klo~ev glagolja{ iz
11. stolje}a, Vinodolski zakonik iz 1288. ili Vrbni~ki
odnosno Kr~ki statut iz 1388. godine imaju kapitalnu
vrijednost za hrvatsku ba{tinu. Isticali su se na kulturnom
polju u pisanju i tiskanju knjiga i kao umjetnici.
Gradili su brojne kapele, crkve i samostane kao
na primjer na Ko{ljunu, Trsatu i drugdje. Ostavili su
golemu ba{tinu, graditeljsku, tradicijsku, rukopisnu,
koja se sublimira u emotivnom narodnom odnosu
prema Frankopanima kao narodnim velikanima.
Predaja ka`e, a i zapisano
je, da su gotovo pet
stolje}a Kr~ani tugovali
za izgubljenom slobodom
i `alili za svojim posljednjim
knezom Ivanom VII.
tako da su gotovo do ju~er
Kr~anke uporno nosile na
glavi crni rubac i odijevale
crninu iako nisu bile u
obiteljskoj koroti. Ve}ina ih
je dobila ime Katarina,
Kate ili Katica ukoliko nisu
bile Marije ili Marice, mnogi
}e re}i, po omiljenoj Ivanovoj
k}erki Mariji – Katarini.
Najzna~ajnija kr~ka frankopanska
zadu`bina je velika
crkva, posve}ena Blagovijesti, na
oto~i}u Ko{ljunu.
Frankopanski grb kr~kih knezova
The Frankopan coat-of-arms of the Dukes of Krk
brated with bell ringing and other celebrations which
cannot be described.” Following the departure of the
Duke of Krk for Venice, Vinciguerra ordered the demolition
of the “hated Frankopan flag” which he replaced
with a stone relief featuring the lion of St. Mark to
which the residents of Krk came “as if it were general
absolution.” According to tradition, before entering the
town the people would kiss the lion in front of the
municipal gate in order to avoid bad luck. Moreover,
Vinciguerra had established a municipal celebration
which celebrated February 22 as the day of liberation
of Krk from the alleged tyranny of Duke Ivan. The celebration
began with a large procession in which took
part the priests from the entire island and the people.
This was followed by competitions in various disciplines
such as hitting the cock atop a pole or hitting a
target with the spear on horseback. Such competitions
were held three times a year, while large processions
were also held at Easter and on the feast of St. Laurel,
on August 10, when a three-day fair also took place.
In hope and firm belief that he would succeed in
recapturing the lost island, at the end of 1481, Duke
Ivan fled Venice but died in 1486 failing to reach his
island. For a long time, the weakening Frankopans
from other parts of Croatia tried to repossess Krk, but
in vane. The family was destroyed with the execution
of Fran II Krsto Frankopan who was executed as a
conspirator with Zrinski in 1671 by King Leopold I
Habsburg. Their estates were subsequently pillaged,
plundered and razed to the ground. Their roots being
on the island of Krk, the richest cradle of the Glagolitic
culture, the Frankopan Dukes of Krk were persistent
promoters and patrons of the Glagolitic as the main
Croatian alphabet used in official matters and private
life, as well as the Slavonic church service. Their
numerous manuscripts, particularly the Glagolitic
ones such as the Klo~ev glagolja{ from the 11 th century,
the Code of Vinodol from 1288 and the Vrbnik and
Krk Statute from 1388 are of paramount significance
for Croatian culture. They were distinguished in book
writing, printing, and also as
artists. They built numerous
chapels, churches and monasteries
on Ko{ljun, Trsat and
elsewhere. They left behind an
enormous legacy in architecture,
tradition and manuscripts
which is sublimated
in the emotional relationship
of the people toward the
Frankopans as the great men
of the people.
The legend tells us, and it
has also been written down,
that the residents of Krk had
mourned the lost liberty and
their last Duke Ivan VII for
almost five centuries. For this reason,
almost to this day the Krk
women persistently covered their heads
with a black kerchief and wore mourning
although they were not grieving.
Oto~i} Ko{ljun (str. 112.-113.)
The islet of Ko{ljun (pp. 112-113)
111