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U ve}ini pojedinosti, s gradskom jezgrom gotovo u cjelini, grad Krk je spomenik povijesti i kulture. Danas je jo{ djelomi~no opasan zidinama koje svjedo~e o sukobu vladarskih ku}a i osvaja~kih carstava oko prevlasti nad gradom i otokom Krkom. Gradski bedemi uglavili su svoje temelje u muk vjekova jo{ prije nove ere. Bedemi su prije~ili vojne nasrtaje i ~uvali grad jo{ u vrijeme rimske dominacije. Od doba Ilira pa sve do propasti Venecije vi{e puta su dogra|ivani. Rimljani, Mle~ani i Kr~ki knezovi razvijali su taj sna`ni ilirski obrambeni sustav, grade}i sna`ne okrugle, ~etverostrane i {esterostrane kule. S morske je strane u zidine skladno ukomponiran frankopanski ka{tel s ~etiri kule, koji ~uva grad jo{ od 12. stolje}a, a danas upotpunjuje sliku grada odjecima pro{losti. Ima vi{e nalaza iz svih povijesnih razdoblja. Ako ste pa`ljivo i sa znatièljom razgledali kr~ke zidine i kule zapazili ste na okrugloj kuli reljef mleta~kog krilatog lava, simbol svetoga Marka evan|elista, znak venecijanske vlasti. Na poligonalnoj kuli, na rivi, odnosno na kuli kneza Nikole IV ugra|en je ulomak antiknog spomenika, vjerojatno iz prvog stolje}a na{e ere. Na istaknutom mjestu, svima na pogledu, rimski nadgrobni reljef supru`nika govori nam o prepredenom i postupnom stvaranju mo}i kr~kih knezova Frankopana. Naime, 1407. godine knez Nikola dovr{avao je popravke i dogradnje na kr~kim zidinama i kulama i to je bila prilika da za vje~nu uspomenu na to veliko, sretno dovr{eno djelo na svojoj {esterostranoj utvrdi u luci ugradi spomen-obilje`je. Knez Nikola IV. ìvio je u vrijeme humanizma i renesanse kada je bilo u modi da mo}ni plemi}ki rodovi imaju slavno i daleko porijeklo, a on i njegovi preci bili su samo “comites Veglae”, kr~ki knezovi. Idealno bi bilo da su potomci starih ~asnih Rimljana. Ambiciozni Nikola IV. koji je vladao od 108 Kr~ka stela kneza Nikole iz 1407. godine The Krk stele of Duke Nikola from the year 1407 They thwarted military attacks and protected the town during Roman domination. New sections were added on several occasions from the Illyrian times to the fall of Venice. The Romans, the Venetians and the dukes of Krk had developed this solid Illyrian defense system, erecting solid, round tetragonal and hexagonal towers. On the side facing the sea, into the walls is harmoniously inserted the Frankopan castle with four towers which has been protecting the town since the 12 th century while today it complements the town landscape with the echoes of the past. There are several finds from all historical periods. Had you with care and curiosity inspected the Krk walls and towers, on the round tower you might have noticed the relief of the Venetian winged lion, the symbol of St. Mark the Evangelist and the sign of the Venetian authority. A fragment of an ancient monument, probably dating from the 1 st century C.E., was incased in the polygonal tower of Nikola IV on the waterfront. On this visible spot where it can easily be seen by all, the Roman tombstone relief of spouses tells us of the cunning and gradual coming to power of the Frankopan dukes of Krk. In 1407, namely, duke Nikola was completing the repairs and the additions on the Krk bulwarks and towers which provided him with an opportunity in the eternal memory of this great deed to build a memorial into his hexagonal fort in the port. Duke Nikola IV lived at the time of Humanism and the Renaissance when it was fashionable for powerful noble families to boast a glorious and long origin. While his predecessors were mere “comites Veglae,” dukes of Krk, it would have been ideal had they been the descendants of the ancient, honorable Romans. Ambitious Nikola IV, who ruled from 1393 to 1432, was a skillful, enterprising and wise man, who, in accordance with the genealogical fashion of the time wished for his nobility to boast Roman origin in order to be able to exert increasing influence on the European politics as well. The shrewd Duke, therefore, chose a stele which was part of an old Roman tombstone featuring the carved figures of a man and a woman, allegedly images of his honorable predecessors, above which he had carved a six-point star, the coat-of-arms of the dukes of Krk, and the Latin inscription – YEAR OF OUR LORD 1407, THE FIFTEENTH DAY OF SEPTEM- BER AT THE TIME OF LORD DUKE NIKOLA. With the insertion of the old Roman tombstone, Nikola wanted to award credibility to the invented story of his ancient Roman roots and suggest that the local dukes of Krk descended from the ancient, glorious lineage of the Roman Frangepanis whose origin went back to the early Roman family of Anicius. This antique monument is today called the Stele of Krk. Out of the historical darkness it illuminates the sources of ideas and accomplishments of an ancient well-though out scenario which enabled Duke Nikola IV with much patience and skill after more than two decades to be crowned with the noble title and the new coat-of-arms of the Roman Frankopans. To win the title of the ancient and glorious Roman noblemen, the duke made use of all his connections throughout Europe and loosened his purse strings. God knows how much it cost
1393. do 1432. bio je vje{t, poduzetan i promu}uran ~ovjek koji je, sukladno tada{njoj rodoslovnoj modi, èlio da i njegovo plemstvo ima rimske korijene kako bi imao {to ve}i utjecaj i na europsku politiku. Stoga je lukavi knez za spomen-obilje`je izabrao stelu, dio starog rimskog nadgrobnog spomenika s isklesanim reljefom mu{karca i ène, navodno likovima svojih ~asnih predaka iznad kojih je dao uklesati {esterokraku zvijezdu - grb kr~kih knezova i tekst na latinskom – GODINE GOSPODNJE 1407., U RUJNU DANA PETNAESTOG, U VRIJEME GOSPODINA KNEZA NIKOLE. Ugradnjom starog rimskog nadgrobnog spomenika Nikola je èlio dati uvjerljivost izmi{ljenoj pri~i o svojim drevnim rimskim korijenima i sugerirati da su doma}i kr~ki knezovi potomci stare, slavne loze rimskih Frangipana koja vu~e porijeklo jo{ od starorimskog roda Anicija. Danas ovaj antikni spomenik zovemo kr~ka stela. Ona iz povijesne tmine osvjetljava izvore zamisli i ostvarenja jednog davno dobro smi{ljenog scenarija prema kojem je strpljivom i vje{tom reìjom, nakon vi{e od dva desetlje}a, knez Nikola IV. ovjen~an plemi}kom titulom i novim grbom rimskih Frankopana. Kako bi dobio titulu drevnih i slavnih rimskih plemi}a knez je potegnuo sve svoje veze {irom Europe i debelo odrije{io kesu. Koliko ga je sve to ko{talo, to sam Bog zna. Zna se da je Nikola 1426. postav{i banom Hrvatske “uzajmio kralju Sigismundu 28.ooo zlatnih forinti”. Jeftin sigurno nije bio ni prijem 1430. u Rimu kod pape Martina V. koji ga je “vrlo sve~ano do~ekao”. Uz papu sve~anu dobrodo{licu priredili su mu i rimski Frangepani, ponosni {to “slavni i daleko poznati ban i knez hrvatski izvodi lozu od njihova plemena”. Na{lo se je tada u Rimu i starih pisama kojima se dokazivalo da su kr~ki knezovi zaista potomci rimskih Frangepana. Potvrdio je to i papa Martin V. i podijelio Nikoli novi plemi}ki grb u kojem dva lava lome kruh. I tako su kr~ki knezovi postali Frangipanes – {to bi se moglo prevesti kao „Hljebolomci“ ili „Lomihljebovi“. U novom grbu kr~kih knezova, sada Frankopana, ispri~ana je jedna stara rimska legenda o ìvotu dva milosrdna i pobo`na brata dobrotvora koji su svakoga dana na rimskome trgu lomila hljebove i darovala ih sirotinji, a simboliziraju ih dva osovljena zlatna lava na crvenoj podlozi koja prednjim {apama lome kruh. Ponosni i zahvalni za dodijeljenu im titulu Kr~ki knezovi, sada Frankopani sredinom 15. stolje}a podiù goti~ku kapelu Sv. Vida u kr~koj katedrali. Ona nam jasno svjedo~i jake feudalne veze kr~kih Frankopana s vode}im umjetni~kim radionicama kontinentalnog zale|a. Ra{~lanjeni svod kapele nosi razigrana konstrukcija gusto ispletene mreè goti~kih rebara na ~ijim su spojnicama zaglavni kamenovi ukra{eni starim grbom kr~kih knezova sa zvijezdom i novim grbom Frankopana s dva lava. îni se da je ovo najraniji primjer upotrebe njihovog novog frankopanskog grba uz onaj oslikan na gredi crkve na Ko{ljunu. Kr~ki knezovi su svojom li~no{}u, ugledom, narodnim porijeklom spajali grad i otok u mogu}u cjelinu iako je grad Krk organizacijom prostora, romanskim stanovni{tvom i latinskim bogoslu`jem bio suprotnost hrvatskom prostoru koji ga je okruìvao. him in all. It is known, however, that after Nikola became a ban of Croatia in 1426, he “lent to King Sigismond 28,000 gold forints.” The papal audience in Rome in 1430 with Pope Martin V who had given him a “very solemn welcome,” did not come cheap either. In addition to the pope, Nikola was also warmly welcomed by the Roman Frangepanis who were proud that “such a famous and wide-known ban and duke of Croatia descended from their lineage. Moreover, old letters were found in Rome which proved that the dukes of Krk were indeed descendants of the Roman Frangepanis. This was further confirmed by Pope Martin V who awarded to Nikola a new noble coatof-arms depicting two lions who broke a loaf of bread. Thus the dukes of Krk became Frangipanes, “breadbreakers” or “breakbreads.” The new coat-of-arms of the dukes of Krk, now Frankopans, told an old Roman legend of the life of two merciful and pious philanthropic brothers who every day used to break loaves of bread on a square in Rome and give them to the poor. They are symbolized by two standing gold lions breaking the loaves with their front paws on a crimson background. Proud and grateful of the awarded title, the dukes of Krk, now Frankopans, in the mid-15 th century erected the gothic chapel of St. Vitus in the Krk cathedral. The chapel bore witness to the strong feudal links of the Frankopans with the leading art workshops in the continental hinterland. The articulated ceiling of the chapel is borne by the playful structure of the densely intertwined net of Gothic ribs on whose joints the bosses were decorated with the old coat-ofarms of the dukes of Krk featuring the star and the new Frankopan coat-of-arms with two lions. This appears to be the earliest example of the application of their new Frankopan coat-of-arms, in addition to the one painted on a beam of the church on Ko{ljun. With their personality, reputation and popular origin the dukes of Krk brought together the town and the island into a feasible whole, although, because of the spatial organization, Roman population and Latin language church service, the town of Krk was in sharp contrast to the Croatian space which surrounded it. Goti~ki svod u frankopanskoj kapeli Sv. Vida The Gothic ceiling in the Frankopan chapel of St. Vitus 109
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PETAR TRINAJSTI] KRK Grad i otok Th
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Grad i otok The Town and Island of
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Kr~ki most The Krk Bridge
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Marina Punat Punat Marina
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Nakladnik / Publisher GRAFIKA ZAMBE
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Malobrojne se zemlje svijeta mogu d
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Kroz nestalne vjekove na Krk, otok
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Fulfinium, ostaci bazilike iz 5. st
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Svaki je hrvatski otok svojom sudbi
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[ljun~ane plaè kod Stare Ba{ke i B
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Pogled s uvale Voz na oto~i} Sv. Ma
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Krk je srednjoj Europi najbliì i n
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Pogled na uvalu Ogrul, Vinca i Rt G
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ozna~uje suhu granu ili slamku tj.
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Gradska kula i Vela placa Municipal
Page 62 and 63: Krk, plaà na Purpureli (str. 58-59
Page 66: Na Krku raste 1300 poznatih biljnih
Page 69: Omi{alj (str. 68.-69.) Omi{alj (pp.
Page 75: Ba{ka
Page 79 and 80: Punat
Page 81: Polje i [ilo Pinezi}i Vrbnik (str.
Page 86: Grad Krk izvor je oto~kog ìvljenja
Page 91: U {etnji ulicama grada Krka Taking
Page 95 and 96: Suton u Krku Sunset in Krk
Page 97 and 98: Upoznaju}i prirodu s kojom i od koj
Page 100 and 101: Dive}i se ljepoti ulova ~ovjek naj~
Page 102 and 103: Ve} vi{e od dva milenija odvija se
Page 106 and 107: Detalj Frankopanske pale iz 1477. g
Page 108: Frankopanski ka{tel s grbom sv. Mar
Page 113: zastave” koju je zamjenio kamenim
Page 117 and 118: ila prekrivena morem, bila plodno t
Page 120 and 121: Danas je to oto~i} Ko{ljun, “otok
Page 125 and 126: Pitoma Puntarska draga, me|u najlje
Page 127 and 128: Znanost je potvrdila da maslinovo u
Page 129 and 130: Crkvica Sv. Dunata The church of St
Page 131 and 132: upravljalo brodom. Kormilo koje se
Page 136 and 137: 134
Page 139 and 140: Mo{una, pastirski stan na visoravni
Page 141: Veli mergar 139
Page 149 and 150: Splet groma~a iznad Ba{ke A cluster
Page 151: ~ak smije{na, ali za mene je ona je
Page 154 and 155: Inicijal Prvog vrbni~kog misala iz
Page 156 and 157: Ve}ina ljudi danas nije u stanju de
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Crkvica Sv. Lucije u Jurandvoru gdj
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Berba gro`|a u Priletima Grape harv
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Za oca nije bilo mjerilo isplati li
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Trs je bio sveta biljka jo{ u najst
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Za Vrbnik mnogi kaù da je grad umj
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Sje}anje na pro{lost Memories of ti
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Oko Nove godine je vrijeme koledve
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Oduvijek je zabava, igra, {ala i ra
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ISBN 953-98100-9-4 9 789539 810090
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KRK

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