forest disease in oregon an overview - Oregon State University
forest disease in oregon an overview - Oregon State University
forest disease in oregon an overview - Oregon State University
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FOREST DISEASE IN OREGON<br />
AN OVERVIEW
FOREST DISEASE IN OREGON<br />
AN OVERVIEW<br />
<strong>Oregon</strong> <strong>forest</strong>s are healthy<br />
Natives <strong>an</strong>d Exotics<br />
Nurseries<br />
Urb<strong>an</strong> <strong>forest</strong>s<br />
Phytophthora<br />
Mistletoes<br />
Lam<strong>in</strong>ated root rot<br />
Black sta<strong>in</strong><br />
Future threats
Phytophthora lateralis<br />
Port Orford Cedar<br />
Root Disease<br />
Cronartium<br />
ribicola<br />
White p<strong>in</strong>e<br />
blister rust<br />
Phytophthora ramorum<br />
Sudden Oak Death
BASICS - Healthy Stock
Grower Assisted Inspection<br />
Voluntary program<br />
Phytophthora-specific<br />
Focuses on critical<br />
control po<strong>in</strong>ts<br />
Soil/pott<strong>in</strong>g media<br />
Water m<strong>an</strong>agement<br />
Incom<strong>in</strong>g pl<strong>an</strong>ts<br />
Used conta<strong>in</strong>ers<br />
Nurseries adopt best<br />
m<strong>an</strong>agement practices<br />
Develop mitigation m<strong>an</strong>ual<br />
Audited to ensure<br />
compli<strong>an</strong>ce with m<strong>an</strong>ual<br />
Program<br />
Poor storage<br />
Better storage<br />
ODA file photos
The Urb<strong>an</strong> Forest
BASICS - The Disease Tri<strong>an</strong>gle<br />
PATHOGEN<br />
ENVIRONMENT HOST
1000 C<strong>an</strong>kers Disease
LAMINATED ROOT ROT<br />
Phell<strong>in</strong>us weirii<br />
Forest Soils Douglas-fir+<br />
NATIVE
ECTOTROPHIC MYCELIUM
MANAGING LAMINATED ROOT ROT<br />
Do Noth<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Short rotations?<br />
Measure/model impacts<br />
Adjust expectations<br />
Prompt salvage<br />
Harvest Buffer<br />
Remove Bridge Trees<br />
Inoculum reduction<br />
Remove stumps<br />
Crop rotation<br />
Ch<strong>an</strong>ge species
Salvage
Stump Removal
Ch<strong>an</strong>ge/mix Species
BLACK STAIN ROOT<br />
DISEASE<br />
Leptographium wagenerii<br />
Vector<br />
behavior<br />
NATIVE<br />
Douglasfir
Insect vectors
Risk factors
Dwarf Mistletoes<br />
PATHOGEN<br />
ENVIRONMENT HOST
EVEN-AGE MANAGEMENT
CHANGE SPECIES
Phytophthora = “pl<strong>an</strong>t killer”<br />
“Water Molds,” algae<br />
Swimm<strong>in</strong>g Spores, Rest<strong>in</strong>g Spores<br />
Classically: Agricultural pathogens<br />
<strong>in</strong> poorly dra<strong>in</strong>ed soils or cool, wet climates
PHYTOPHTHORA<br />
CAMBIVORA<br />
CHINQUAPIN-<br />
OREGON
Soils<br />
Streams<br />
Phytophthora <strong>in</strong> Forests<br />
other Phytophthora spp.<br />
Tree c<strong>an</strong>opies<br />
Widespread, diverse, +/- numerous<br />
Indigenous or <strong>in</strong>vasive<br />
Benign or destructive<br />
other Phytophthora spp.<br />
P.cambivora<br />
P.siskiyouensis<br />
P.multivora<br />
P.gonapodyides<br />
P.taxon<br />
Pgchlamydo<br />
P.pseudosyr<strong>in</strong>gae<br />
P.c<strong>in</strong>namomi<br />
New sp. Clade 3<br />
P.cactorum<br />
P.ramorum<br />
P.nemorosa<br />
P.taxon Salixsoil<br />
other<br />
Phytophthora spp.<br />
P.gonapodyides<br />
P.taxon Pgchlamydo
L.Sims
Coos Bay<br />
Eureka<br />
OREGON<br />
CALIFORNIA<br />
Port-Orford-cedar<br />
Root Disease<br />
Phytophthora<br />
lateralis
Phytophthora ramorum<br />
Sudden Oak Death
LOOMING THREATS<br />
GLOBAL CHANGE<br />
CLIMATE<br />
INVASIVES<br />
ENVIRONMENTAL FASHIONS<br />
NEW SILVICULTURE<br />
NEW ECONOMICS
Ch<strong>an</strong>g<strong>in</strong>g Vegetation Community Diversity<br />
Current Climate CGCM1
W<strong>in</strong>ter Injury
Daño Foliar del P<strong>in</strong>o
CHANGING MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES
Some Native Pathogens Caus<strong>in</strong>g Increased<br />
Damage <strong>in</strong> Response to Ch<strong>an</strong>ged M<strong>an</strong>agement<br />
DISEASE PATHOGEN ORIGIN STATUS IN<br />
OREGON<br />
Blacksta<strong>in</strong> root<br />
<strong>disease</strong><br />
Leptographium<br />
wageneri<br />
Swiss needle cast Phaeocryptopus<br />
gaeum<strong>an</strong>nii<br />
Annosus root rot Heterobasidion<br />
<strong>an</strong>nosum<br />
MANAGEMENT<br />
CHANGE<br />
Native Decreas<strong>in</strong>g Smaller<br />
pl<strong>an</strong>tations <strong>an</strong>d<br />
less PCT<br />
Native Epidemic Exp<strong>an</strong>ded<br />
pl<strong>an</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g, warm<strong>in</strong>g<br />
w<strong>in</strong>ters<br />
Native Increas<strong>in</strong>g Th<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g stumps,<br />
M<strong>an</strong>ag<strong>in</strong>g for late<br />
successional<br />
species<br />
Shoestr<strong>in</strong>g root rot Armillaria ostoyae Native Increas<strong>in</strong>g Fire control,<br />
M<strong>an</strong>ag<strong>in</strong>g for late<br />
successional<br />
species<br />
Dwarfmistletoe Arceuthobium Native Increas<strong>in</strong>g Fire control, All<br />
age m<strong>an</strong>agement
PATHOGENS AND DISEASES TO RECOGNIZE AND UNDERSTAND:<br />
SEEDLING PATHOGENS<br />
Pythium species Damp<strong>in</strong>g off<br />
Fusarium oxysporum Fusarium root rot<br />
Phoma eupyrena Top blight<br />
Phytophthora species Phytophthora root rot<br />
ROOT PATHOGENS<br />
Phell<strong>in</strong>us weirii Lam<strong>in</strong>ated root rot<br />
Armillaria ostoyae Shoestr<strong>in</strong>g root rot<br />
Heterobasidion <strong>an</strong>nosum Annosus root rot<br />
Leptographium wageneri Blacksta<strong>in</strong> root <strong>disease</strong><br />
Phytophthora lateralis POC root <strong>disease</strong><br />
STEM DECAY FUNGI<br />
Fomitopsis p<strong>in</strong>icola Red belt<br />
Fomitopsis caj<strong>an</strong>deri Yellow-brown top rot<br />
Ech<strong>in</strong>odontium t<strong>in</strong>ctorum Indi<strong>an</strong> pa<strong>in</strong>t fungus<br />
Phell<strong>in</strong>us p<strong>in</strong>i Conk rot, red r<strong>in</strong>g rot<br />
Phaeolus schwe<strong>in</strong>itzii Cow pie fungus<br />
MISTLETOES<br />
Arceuthobium campylopodum p<strong>in</strong>e dwarfmistletoe<br />
A. douglasii Douglas-fir dwarfmistletoe<br />
Phoradendron villosum Oak leafy mistletoe<br />
Bot-Ent 415/515 2011<br />
RUST FUNGI<br />
Cronartium ribicola White p<strong>in</strong>e blister rust<br />
Cronartium com<strong>an</strong>drae Com<strong>an</strong>dra rust<br />
Peridermium harknessii Western gall rust<br />
WILT PATHOGENS<br />
Ophiostoma ulmi Dutch elm <strong>disease</strong><br />
Leptographium wageneri Blacksta<strong>in</strong> root <strong>disease</strong><br />
Leptographium species Blue sta<strong>in</strong><br />
CANKER PATHOGENS<br />
Atropellis p<strong>in</strong>iphila Atropellis c<strong>an</strong>ker<br />
Phomopsis species Drought c<strong>an</strong>ker<br />
Fusarium subglut<strong>in</strong><strong>an</strong>s Pitch c<strong>an</strong>ker<br />
Phytophthora ramorum Sudden Oak Death<br />
FOLIAGE PATHOGENS<br />
Phaeocryptopus gaeum<strong>an</strong>nii Swiss needlecast<br />
Meria laricis Larch needle blight<br />
Elytroderma deform<strong>an</strong>s P<strong>in</strong>e needle cast<br />
Dothistroma p<strong>in</strong>i Red b<strong>an</strong>d needle blight<br />
Phytophthora ramorum Sudden Oak Death
Poor dra<strong>in</strong>age<br />
Better dra<strong>in</strong>age<br />
GAIP (cont.)<br />
ODA file photos<br />
Poor recycl<strong>in</strong>g of water<br />
Better recycl<strong>in</strong>g of water
FOREST DISEASE IN OREGON<br />
AN OVERVIEW<br />
Everett H<strong>an</strong>sen<br />
<strong>Oregon</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>University</strong>
Forester’s Eyes Pathologist’s Eyes<br />
GAPS<br />
SOME BASICS - PERSPECTIVE
Leaf symptoms<br />
on Umbellularia<br />
Shoot dieback of<br />
Conifers
SW<br />
OREGON<br />
(12)<br />
other Phytophthora spp.<br />
P.cambivora<br />
P.siskiyouensis<br />
P.multivora<br />
P.gonapodyides<br />
P.taxon<br />
Pgchlamydo<br />
P.pseudosyr<strong>in</strong>gae<br />
P.c<strong>in</strong>namomi<br />
New sp. Clade 3<br />
P.cactorum<br />
P.cactorum<br />
P.gonapodyides<br />
GERMANY (10) other Phytophthora spp. E United <strong>State</strong>s<br />
other<br />
Phytophthora spp.<br />
P.querc<strong>in</strong>a<br />
P.citricola<br />
P.europaea<br />
P.citricola<br />
P.cambivora<br />
P.quercetorum<br />
P.c<strong>in</strong>namomi<br />
(7)
other Phytophthora spp.<br />
P.riparia<br />
P.borealis<br />
P.gonapodyides<br />
other<br />
P.pseudosyr<strong>in</strong>gae Phytophthora spp.<br />
P.gonapodyides<br />
ALASKA (7) NORTH<br />
CAROLINA (9)<br />
P.ramorum<br />
P.nemorosa<br />
P.taxon Salixsoil<br />
other<br />
Phytophthora spp.<br />
P.gonapodyides<br />
P.taxon Pgchlamydo<br />
SW OREGON (13)
STREAMS<br />
SOIL<br />
other Phytophthora spp.<br />
P.riparia<br />
P.borealis<br />
other Phytophthora spp.<br />
P.cambivora<br />
P.siskiyouensis<br />
P.multivora<br />
P.gonapodyides<br />
P.taxon<br />
Pgchlamydo<br />
P.gonapodyides<br />
P.pseudosyr<strong>in</strong>gae<br />
P.c<strong>in</strong>namomi<br />
New sp. Clade 3<br />
P.cactorum<br />
other<br />
P.pseudosyr<strong>in</strong>gae Phytophthora spp.<br />
P.cactorum<br />
P.gonapodyides<br />
P.gonapodyides<br />
ALASKA NORTH<br />
CAROLINA<br />
other<br />
Phytophthora spp.<br />
P.querc<strong>in</strong>a<br />
P.citricola<br />
P.ramorum<br />
P.nemorosa<br />
P.taxon Salixsoil<br />
other<br />
Phytophthora spp.<br />
other Phytophthora spp.<br />
P.europaea<br />
P.citricola<br />
P.cambivora<br />
P.quercetorum<br />
P.gonapodyides<br />
P.taxon Pgchlamydo<br />
SW OREGON<br />
SW OREGON GERMANY E US<br />
P.c<strong>in</strong>namomi
FORET de AMANCE<br />
FRANCE<br />
SAMPLES PHYTOPHTHORA<br />
POSITIVE SPECIES<br />
Quercus Low ground 12/14 6<br />
Quercus High round 0/7 None
Activist Silviculture
FIGHT THEM ON THE<br />
BEACHES-OR LET THE NEW<br />
ORDER BEGIN<br />
HAL MOONEY<br />
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
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