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PENNSYLVANIA DIVISION

T H E S T O R Y O F
P I T T S B U R G H
A N D V I C I N I T Y
ILLUSTRATED
Feabody High Cohool Library
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY
THE PITTSBURGH GAZETTE TIMES
1908

PUBLISHED BY
THE PITTSBURGH GAZETTE TIMES

THE PURPOSE OF THE PITTSBURGH GA­
ZETTE TIMES IX PUBLISHING THIS WORK
IS TO MAKE KNOWN TO THE WORLD THE
MARVELOUS STORY OF PITTSBURGH AND
VICINITY. SO ROMANTIC AND SO UNIQUE
IS ITS HISTORY AXD SO MAGICAL THE
ACQUIREMENT OF ALMOST FABULOUS
WEALTH THAT IT SURPASSES MYTHOLOGY
AND IS CONSPICUOUSLY DIFFERENT FROM
ANY OTHER CITY OF THE WORLD. THE
FEATURE OF THE STORY IS THE PROPER
RECOGNITION OF THOSE REPRESENTATIVE
INDIVIDUALS, FIRMS AXD CORPORATIONS
WHO ARE A FACTOR IX ITS CIVIC LIFE AXD
WHOSE ACHIEVEMENTS HAVE AIDED IX
PLACING AXD MAINTAINING PITTSBURGH
IN ITS PRESENT PROUD POSITION AS THE
MOST WONDERFUL OF MODERN CITIES

W O N D E R F U L S T O R Y O F P I T T S B U R G H
Its Marvelous Growth—An Industrial Advancement
Reading Like Romance—The Greatest Steel Center in
the World — Strong Financially—Oil and Gas a Power
G R E A T E R PITTSBURGH is the story of
Destiny delayed. The Indian first saw its
meaning. The Frenchman saw and grabbed
it. The Englishman, always awake to values,
wrenched it bloodily from both of these. The
Indian valued it as a staying and starting point. The
Frenchman regarded it from a viewpoint of strategic
value. The Englishman assumed these two and added
its commercial importance. Succeeding centuries have
s i m ]> 1 y permuted these
early estimates. The f< >rests,
game and scattering
crops form the simple inventory
of early assets.
Coal and coke came as
the forests went, and the
factories and mills and
other elements of later
and permanent projects
have succeeded. Gas and
electricity have within recent
recollection broadened
and deepened the
possibilities of the present.
The Englishman was no lengthy tenant of his enterprising
victory. The Scotch-Irishman was his successor, and most
largelv from him comes the real thing in Pittsburgh and
its development. The Englishman pioneered and disappeared.
Later on it was a cosmopolitan citizenship that
made Pittsburgh the manufacturing center it is. This
cosmopolitanism is largely responsible for the delay in
consolidation. Manufacturing success was so large and
immediate that neither beauty nor symmetry was apparent
as a matter of civic construction or civic necessity
VIEW 01-" OLD PlTTSIirki.II
until population considerations on both sides of the
Allegheny River made them matters of secondary importance
and yearly made consolidation harder of accomplishment.
Latterly the importance of the measure
saturated Pittsburgh because it meant in its fulfilment a
municipality second to few in the world. This importance
was just as apparent to those on the North Side, and, to
the credit of those really affected it must be said, they
worked for union. Those having only personal anil
political interests at stake
were the opponents and
delayers of the measure.
The- StOry of the delays
and of the incidents thereof
is even now scarcely interesting
or important. It
took two centuries to take
title to what we have
municipally, historically
and permanently. It is
centuries well spent, for
we have much. Very
much, because Pittsburgh
is from any standpoint a
large element in the history of the United States and almost
as large in the history of the world. It is to-day one
of the cities of the world, very largely on the map of the
world. It is a larger entity in the general inventory of
the earth's assets than that of mere population. It is this
fact that has made England, Germany and all other
old European countries second to Pittsburgh as iron,
steel and glass producers. It ranks not only the cities
of these countries in the production of these commodities,
Lint the countries themselves. It leads them all in the

items of quantity and quality of other not less important
products. Besides its prominence in manufacturing,
Pittsburgh has a lead in financial, commercial, shipping
and educational matters high among the first half dozen
American cities and consequently among the world cities.
It has much to do to make it the peer of many municipalities
in many essentials of present-day requisition, but
even these are among its assets to-day, and the work of
city improvement and city beauty is going sturdily and
intelligently forward. It is a city of strength and re­
courses. It has parks and beautiful public buildings, and
the prospects of more are daily brightening. It lias not
been rated at its value because of the fact that small
people have been able to keep, until recently, this rating
at so low a numerical figure. It is now a compact, con-
WABASH DEPOT
( ) R V O F P T T S U R G H
crete city, its people united and ambitious to make it the
most important city between the oceans. This is Pitts­
burgh in the abstract. In the concrete it means much
more. It means financially and commercially much more.
In a manufacturing sense it is greater still. It means
that it is in the front rank of the world's production of
iron, steel, glass, plate glass, tin plate, iron and steel pipe,
air brakes, steel cars, electrical machinery, fire brick,
window"glass, tableware, tumblers, corks, pickles, white-
lead, sheet metal, and other specialties. It means that
Pittsburgh in its larger meaning has 3,029 manufacturing-
establishments with an investment therein of $641,000,-
000, yielding a product of $551,000,000 annually, em­
ploying 250,000 men and paying them annually more
than $350,000,000. Its production last vear was 122,-
000,000 net tons, of which 113,000,000 net tons were
carried in and out on freight cars and 9,000,000 tons on
boats. In one day alone 399.350 tons were shipped. One
boat carried to southern parts more than 60,000 tons of
UNION DEPOT
coal on one trip.
The output of coal
is nearly 50.000,000
tons, or nearly 15
per cent, of
the world's
production.
It means.

^ M
H S T O R Y 0 F P I U R G i:
PITTSBURGH, SHOWING JUNCTION OF THE ALLEGHENY AND MONONGAHELA RIVERS
also, that in 1905 it made more than 15 per cent.
of the iron and steel of the whole world. In the
same year it produced 743,612 gross tons of the 3,375,-
929 gross tons of the steel rail production of the United
States. Of the 214,398,187 barrels of petroleum that
came out of the wells of the world in 1905, Pittsburgh
produced 7,476,786 barrels. The furnaces of Pittsburgh
turned out 5,410,890 gross tons of pig iron of the
53,500,000 tons of those of the world and of 22,992,380
tons of the United States. In 1906 it had 47 blast furnaces,
with an annual capacity of 0,600,000 tons; 14
Bessemer converters, with a capacity of 3,500,000 tons;
169 open hearth furnaces, with a capacity of 5,000,000
tons. In the item of coke production Pittsburgh's 36,383
ovens turned out and shipped 18,171,941 tons, valued at
$36,424,451, as against 83,599 outside ovens making and
shipping 23,661,100 tons of a value of $46,144,941.
The value of the plate glass production of Pittsburgh
was $5,250,000, as against $7,978,523 of that of the rest
of the United States. The window glass output was
worth $5,000,000, as against $6,610,000 elsewhere.
Lamp and electric light glassware manufactured here
was worth $3,000,000, as against a value of $1,800,000
in various parts of the Union. Pressed glass production
was worth $3,800,000, and elsewhere it was valued at
very much less. In 1905 the value of glass products of
the United States was $79,600,000, of which that of
Pittsburgh was worth $38,000,000. In the matter of
electrical and air brake manufactures, underground cable
and wire, railway switch and signal appliances, a commanding
position has been maintained. In 1906 the
value of the production of electrical and auxiliary sup­
plies in Pittsburgh was $45,000,000, and that of the
balance of the United States was $250,000,000. The
value of the switch and signal appliances was $6,100,000.
Underground cable and wire to the value of $15,000,000
was manufactured here, and in the rest of the Union it
was worth $71,000,000. Air brakes made in 1906 sold
for $10,416,000, and in other parts of the United States
for $7,005,000. Pittsburgh is the center of the steel car
building industry. In this particular branch alone are
employed 47,500 men. The consumption of steel reaches
the enormous figure of 1,000,000 gross tons annuallv.
The annual production of cars has reached 80,000 and
the capacity is 84,510 cars. The daily capacity is 270
cars. These cars are shipped to every railroad in the
world. A summary of the manufacture of some other
products is not uninteresting at this time. Pittsburgh in
the item of structural shapes turns out 881,932 gross tons
of these, and in other sections of the United States 778,-
587 gross tons are made. Of tin plate 175,000 net tons
are made; of tubing 609,000 gross tons, and of sheet
metal 230.000 net tons are manufactured annuallv. In
the item of cork 5,000 tons are consumed, with a finished
production of 2,500 tons. The value of this is $7,500,-
000. The capital invested is $4,725,000. In 1906 250,-
000,000 feet of natural gas were consumed daily by
170,000 families and 1,000 factories. More than 200
wells are drilled annually.
Pittsburgh's educational system is as large as it is beneficent.
As in all cosmopolitan centers, things are more
or less formative. The rapidity of the work of "benev­
olent assimilation," however, is at once intelligent and
satisfactory. The public schools are doing the work

8 T II S () R Y O F S B U R G H
sanely and safely in such a manner as to justify the idea
of their origin as well as organization. Citizenship and
its comprehension by pupils is the cardinal idea, and this
idea is and has been as largely exemplified and underst
1 by those who have taught it and those to whom it
has been taught in Pittsburgh as in any of the large
cosmopolitan communities. The public school buildings
of recent construction embody the latest and most sensi­
ble of the schemes of ventilation and general methods of
modern convenience. The health, both mental and physical,
has been carefully looked after. Sites for new buildings
have been usually
admirably selected.
Curricula of studies
h a v e b e e n annualh
broadened and improved
until the ordinary
course in a public
school in Pittsburgh
has come to be regard­
ed as ordinarily adequate
to the necessities
of the pupil of limited
means. T h e H i g h-
School System, amplified
as it has been, is
not much inferior to
the scope of the university
s c h e m e, and
efforts are making at
present to give local
pupils advantages that.
in these schools, will
compensate them for
any failure to obtain
university, or college
possibilities. Eclecticism
with its multifarious
advantages is gradually
taking hold on
the public school svstem
as it has on the
collegiate system, and
it will soon have as
large a place in the
former as in the latter. The concentration of interest in
the greater city will result in very great advantages to the
schools of both cities as well as to the many schools that
will come to us from the present detached cities and bor­
oughs that will presently be numbered with Pittsburgh's
public schools.
All of this is descriptive of, and assertive of, the public
schools. In the matter of the denominational and non-
denominational schools commensurate activity and enterprise
are noted. Pittsburgh has long been one of the
largest patrons of the large universities of the United
SIXTH AVENUE WEST FROM SMITHFIELD
States; indeed, of the world. It has been compelled to
send to schools of technology and to schools of special
training pupils who, if they had had these schools at
home, would also have had facilities for objective teach­
ing and immediate illustration not possessed by any city
or community on the face of the earth. The necessity
for going to am' outside school for technical or, indeed,
an)- specific or general education, has almost passed, and
within a very short time it will not exist at all. The
selection of a site for the permanent location for the
Western University of Pennsylvania in the central part
of the city leaves nothing
to conjecture as to
the future of Pitts­
burgh's u ni v e r s i ty
prospects. It has been
to the shame of the
city that the struggle
for place and perma­
nence has been so
long and so discouraging,
in the instance of
an institution that has
in its charter and in
its intention everything
that Pittsburgh's citizens
have sought for
so lcmg and so expensively
for a century.
It is also to its shame
that the present idea is
not spontaneous, b ut
has its form from the
invincible industry of
one or two persons
who insist t h a t the
greater city shall be
baptized in its proper
clothing with not a
garment missing. The
new university and the
new city are congenital
—strength and brains.
It is, in the instance of
each, or was, a fortunate
concurrence of circumstances that gave such
great civic and educational possibilities birth at the
same moment. Hereafter their paths will be parallel.
Hereafter the city will try to do for the university
the things neither the city nor the citizens did for
it when the success of one was as important as the
success of the other. Its citizens will vie with each other
in their efforts to make it the school of schools in the city
of cities. The new university will go up on the summit
and southern slope of Herron Hill, one of the beautiful
peaks of the many hills that distinguish and individualize

H S T () R Y O F I' I T I (,
the city. The group of buildings will be an annex to
those that have found site near Schenley Park. They
will lie to the northwest of the park and will face in a
general way the Carnegie group lying to the southeast.
They will include the buildings necessary to the compo­
sition of the group, college, law, medicine, dentistry,
laboratories and all other special buildings. The erection
of these structures will begin as soon as the preliminary
engineering, architectural and financial arrangements shall
have been completed. The present faculty of the university
consists of 154 members, and the roster of pupils
shows nearly one thousand. Dr. Samuel P.. McCormick
FIFTH AVENUE AND WOOD STKEE
is the chancellor, and to him is most largely due the
circumstances of site and success. The necessity of practical
education at a minimum cost to those who wished to
get such an education, but had neither the means nor the
facilities, is the personal and practical idea of Andrew
Carnegie. No other great American has this idea as
deeply planted as Mr. Carnegie. He had felt its birth
with all of its pangs. Throughout his youth and his
earlier manhood it was accentuated. When he had
thought out the remedy he gave it to Pittsburgh, the
place of his struggles and pangs. It was a timely and
characteristic plan. It will, if it does nothing else, enable
Pittsburgh to keep its place as the foremost manufac­
turing city of the world. It will teach its youth to
extend and ramify what their fathers began. It will
make practical men in a practical way. He has built
some of the buildings, lie will build mam more. The
present buildings lie along the northern side of Schenley
Park, southeast of the Carnegie Library, Institute ami
Museum. The several schools under present contemplation
plan to take care of 4,000 pupils. The applications
tar outnumber the places. These are and will be
department schools of applied science, for apprentices
and journeymen; a hall of machinery; school of applied
FARMERS' BANK BUILDING IN CENTER
design; a technical school for women, and to these will
be added from time to time other specialties as the build­
ings go up. In all of these clay and night courses go on.
In the matter of denominational education Pittsburgh
is very enterprising. Protestants and Roman Catholics
alike are awake to the importance of developing their
respective material, and the utmost intelligence is noticeable
in respective efforts. The Presbyterian church has
one theological seminary, its principal middle states insti­
tution for ministerial education. This school is one of
the most famous and distinguished of all of the Presby­
terian seats of learning, because from this breeding place

IO T II E S T O R O F T T S R U R G H
of the sect have come the ablest and most famous preach­
ers and professors. The Pennsylvania College for
Women is another celebrated Presbyterian school in the
Squirrel Hill portion of Pittsburgh. The United Pres­
byterian Church has also a theological seminary here that
has done much to maintain and strengthen the church
as well as to educate many ministerial and missionary
students. The Reformed Presbyterian or Covenanter
Church has a very excellent theological seminaly on the
North Side from which annually come many ministers,
who find pulpits in all parts of the earth. The Roman
Catholics maintain a college, that of the Holy Ghost;
several female seminaries and convents, besides a great
number of parochial schools as well as many private
schools. All of these are carried on with all of the en­
terprise and vigor characteristic of this denomination.
Other denominations in a smaller but no less effective
manner do the work of their cults. Money without stint
is raised and disbursed by all of them to do educational
and theological teaching. Summarized, the educational
exhibit of Pittsburgh is interesting. In the public school
system are 119 buildings with 1.690 instructors and
73-734 pupils. There are four high schools with 100
instructors and -',950 pupils. There are two denominational
colleges with 33 instructors and 419 pupils. The
three theological seminaries have 20 professors and 157
students. In addition to these there are 13 private
schools, and 3,982 pupils, and 275 instructors. In the
item of churches Pittsburgh has always been conspicuous
in the number of its structures and the liberality of their
support. In round numbers it has 400 churches and
synagogues. In 1906 it is estimated that these churches
contributed to various beneficiaries $3,500,000. Every
denomination in this enumeration has its separate and
distinct schemes of education, missionary, foreign and
domestic church work of all kinds, women's guilds and
societies, together with self-imposed labors that the
routine of daily development suggests. For the relief of
the poor and distressed there are 26 organizations in the
city. The Carnegie Hero Fund endowment is $5,000,-
000. The Carnegie Relief endowment is $4,000,000.
There are 22 hospitals with 3,000 beds. The value of the
real estate of the charitable institutions, including endow­
ments, is $22,000,000; of church property, $17,000,000.
Financially Pittsburgh is one of the strongest of
American cities. Its annual volume of business, that is,
banking exchanges, is exceeded by those of five other
cities only. New York, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia
and St. Louis, the last named not always leading Pitts­
burgh. Pittsburgh has 179 banks and trust companies.
These have an aggregate capital of $72,058,402; a sur­
plus of $87,044,622; undivided profits, $16,113,777;
loans, $304,974,440; invested securities, $149,714,928;
deposits, $995,379,783; total resources, $593,392,069;
dividends, $7,352,575, and Clearing House exchanges,
$2,640,847,046.
This is in brief what Pittsburgh as it stands means
in a measure. Summarized as this statement is it cannot
give in detail what the greater city really stands for.
There is very much more, only inferior in importance
to the facts narrated. All of it is part and parcel of the
elements of strength of Pittsburgh. The conveniences,
proximity to source of supply and shipping facilities are
attracting capital daily from all parts of the country.
The educational advantages, excellent now, incomparable
within a few years, are inducing others to become citizens
and business men. 'The country round about is all that
may be desired for either residential or manufacturing-
purposes, and as prices are not prohibitive the attraction
is strong to the intelligent manufacturer. Judging of the
future by the past the present of Pittsburgh is merely the
frontier of its future.
SKY-LINE VIEW OF PITTSBURGH FROM SM1THFIEI.D STREET BRIDGE

W E S T E R N P E N N S Y L V A N I A ' S R I C H E S
Pittsburgh's Inspiration Sowing the Seeds of Municipal
Growth from Mountain Tops to Erie's Shores—Cordial
Relations Between the City and Outside Enterprise
PITTSBURGH is incidentally very strong in the
instance of the many cities, towns and villages
that are tributary to her in nearly every com­
mercial and community sense. In very many
senses Pittsburgh capital has initiated, developed and
fostered the manufacturing interests that have given
birth and vitality to these municipalities. In others the
natural and artificial advantages of the places have
attracted local capital. In every instance, however, the
measure of reciprocity has been mutual and ample. Bv
these means Pittsburgh's blood and money have found
new arteries and new channels in which to flow and
strengthen. It is in no patronizing sense, therefore, that
the large city traces the ties of relationship between herself
and those smaller towns of some of which she is the
parent and of others the foster parent. The spirit of
amity that has always invested the dealings between them
is attested by the prosperous condition of all of them.
It is difficult even with the aid of a map to define the
commercial rim of Pittsburgh. It is more difficult to
establish the manufacturing frontier, as many of the
mills, factories and larger manufacturing enterprises
hundreds of miles in any direction from Pittsburgh have
had their inspiration, construction, management, and
financial backing in Pittsburgh and, in not a few instances,
still have. These, of course, have extended the
radius of local influence and resources. The planting of
these enterprises without the walls of the municipality,
while depriving it of the benefits of taxes and individual
and collective patronage, has had the effect of sending
back to it in other ways vast amounts of money that have
served to swell values that are local.
'The growth in population and commercial importance
of suburban and outlying cities and towns, therefore,
has always been regarded with commercial and neigh­
borly complaisance by right-minded Pittsburghers. Reciprocal
relations, loyally maintained, have multiplied the
resources of each and will continue to do so. In the
instance of those in Allegheny County it will not be many
years until all of them will lie on the books of the City
Assessor of Pittsburgh. In the other instances "faith's
discerning eye" has not strained its nerves to see the lake
and the mountains as the city's frontier. 'The proximity
of the lines of West Virginia and Ohio is rather discouraging
to those who hope for rapid western and southern
extensions; but "sufficient unto the day is the evil
thereof." Pittsburgh is sowing the seeds of municipalities
to-day from river to mountain to]) and from mountain
top to lake front that will one day gently fuse into
not the "Greater" but the "Greatest" Pittsburgh. The
tleets that traverse the lakes will pay dockage and wharfage
to the city wharf-master. The coal that these fleets
will carry back will be Pittsburgh coal, and the freight
that will go to the West and Northwest, nay, to the farthest
Canadas, will come from Pittsburgh's mills and
Pittsburgh's markets. Then the Juniata and the Sus­
quehanna will be used as Pittsburgh's waterwav to the
ocean, and Baltimore pride will be daily and nightly
humbled by the sight of Pittsburgh's ships and vessels
passing to and from the sea. There will be no miracles,
simply the orderly development and evolution of business
principles calmly but broadly conceived and just as calmly
carried out. "Insular" and "provincial" will in no wise
apply to Pittsburgh when the possibilities id* waterways
shall have been accomplished. It is far inland now. but
rivers lead to the sea, and Pittsburgh has the rivers, and
one day will have more. Affiliated commercially with
Pittsburgh and in its immediate vicinity are Washington,

H E S T O R Y O P I T S B U R G H
Uniontown, Connellsville, Greensburg, Latrobe, Jean-
nette, Wilmerding, Kensington, Vandergrift, Kittanning,
Johnstown. Altoona, Titusville, Franklin, Meadville, Oil
City, Scottdale, Cannonsburg, Monessen, Donora, Monon-
gahela, Duquesne, Braddock, Homestead, McKeesport,
McKees Rocks, Tarentum, Sharpsburg, Carnegie, Ali-
quippa, Red Bank, Du Hois, Ridgway, Punxsutawney,
Xew Castle, Sharon, Beaver, Beaver Falls, New
Brighton, Ambridge, Rochester, Waynesburg, Koppel,
and Clairton, all and man)' more on the western slope
of the Alleghenies in Pennsylvania, while in eastern Ohio
are such cities as Youngstown, Warren. Xiles, Girard,
Ravenna, Lisbon, East Liverpool. Wellsville, Salem,
Steubenville, Mingo, Brilliant. Martin's Ferry, Bridge­
port, Bellaire, Cambridge, Barnesville, Cadiz, Canton,
Massillpn, Akron, Wooster, Ashtabula, and scores of
others. West Virginia, from the Great Kanawha to the
sources of the Ohio, is closely affiliated with the interests
of Pittsburgh, and
the feeling is daily
becoming warmer.
Only those cities and
towns of immediate
d a i 1 y cc intact are
given in this partial
and imperfect inventory
of next-door
neighbors. They are
not neighbors w h o
receive only. They
are those who give,
and give largely as
well. All of them
are making the
thin g s that Pittsburgh
makes. All
of them have their
big mills and factories and turn out their big products.
Intimacy, therefore, is not difficult of deduction. It is
inevitable. It is invaluable. Hence the interdependence.
Individually each of these neighbors is interesting.
It is interesting in its municipal, manufacturing, commercial,
financial, enterprising, and social relations. In each
of these it is distinctive. In most of them the aim has
been to keep them abreast each other. Some of them
are so new that this effort has not been entirely satisfactory,
but in all of them measurably so. The sense of
responsibility is present, and this being true the rest is
a matter of detail. It has been said that in the older day
it took a "thousand years to form a state." It is also
said that to-day "states are born with rights the Romans
never knew." It is also true of cities. Composite condi­
tions of the personnel of population make the founding
of municipalities along up-to-date lines well nigh impos­
sible. Babel is accused of scattering the peoples and twist­
ing their tongues. These peoples seem to be our legacy,
ALLEGHENY RIVER, KITTANNING IN THE DISTANCE
and in performance of the trust it is upon us to collect
them all and straighten their tongues. The work is going
on. It is still formative, but the hilltops of a cosmopol­
itan, comfortable civilization are showing against the
horizon of hope. At this time these people are used as
filling-in, and it is in this capacity that they are making
the cities bulge and the towns big. It has been a cir­
cuitous route for them, but their new garments have
been woven.
Johnstown is the largest of the cities that have inter­
ests identical with Pittsburgh's. In 1890 this city had
a population of 21,805. ' en >'ears later its inhabitants
numbered 35.956, or about 66 per cent, increase. Johnstown,
like Pittsburgh, lies within and without on this
side and on that side of three rivers. Unlike Pittsburgh,
however, its rivers have been of no commercial value.
It is true that they furnish sufficient for domestic and
power purposes, but the demands have not been drastic
in these particulars.
It is good water for
the use it is put to,
and the present supply
will likelv an­
swer until it is complemented
by that of
Pittsburgh not so
many years hence.
'The m o u n t a i n s
tower above the citv,
giving it a charming
setting that is at
once beautiful a 11 d
striking. Southward
stretches the Stony
Creek River to its
source in Somerset
County, and beside
it for miles the Somerset and Cambria branch of
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad finds its way to
the Pittsburgh Division at Rockwood. East and west
near the tortuous bed of the Conemaugh, the ereat
Pennsylvania Railroad has literally cut its roadway
in the rocks. This same Conemaugh nearly two decades
ago sprang from its lied, swept Johnstown almost
from the earth and tossed the rails, ties and rollingstock
of the railroad company up and down the mountain
side as if they were feathers. 'The city and the corporation
came from the flood bent, but not broken. The city,
bereaved of a large proportion of its people, immediately
took steps to extend its lines and increase its population.
To-day scarcely anything but memory and the graves
on the hill recall the visitation. It is a substantial, enter­
prising, progressive city with nearly one hundred mills
and factories, of which 31 belong to individuals, 24 to
firms, and the remainder to corporations. These establishments
have an aggregate capital of $59,588,552.

T E S 0 R Y () I' I T S u G I
They employ 6,914 persons and pay them annually as
wages $3,864,993. The miscellaneous expenses of these
concerns are annually $3,038,850. 'The cost of material
is yearly $19,754,739, and the value of the annual pro­
duction $28,891,806. Rails, wire and many other steel
and iron specialties are manufactured. The financial,
commercial, educational and municipal systems of this
city are all excellent. Public and private enterprise have
done much to complement what nature has most generously
done for this city and its environs. Its schools
and churches are fine.
McKeesport, at the junction of the Monongahela and
Youghiogheny Rivers, is the largest and most important
TIIE PACKSADDLE ON THE CONEMAUGH
of the cities lying under the walls of Pittsburgh. It has
the facilities of the Baltimore & Ohio, the Lake Erie,
and the Pennsylvania railroads, and those of the Monongahela
River as shipping resources. It has also exceptionally
good street railway facilities, with immediate
prospects of better. It is also admirably situated physi­
cally, because it may extend along both banks of the
Youghiogheny River indefinitely and also along the north
bank of the Monongahela until it encounters certain
boroughs which it will absorb and then go forward until
county lines stop it momentarily. Then, with all oi its
absorptions, it will become a portion of that Pittsburgh
which is waiting only "till its shadows little longer grow."
As it is, McKeesport has about J^ establishments, 36 of
which belong to individuals, [6 to firms, and 23 to
corporations. Three years ago these concerns had a
capital of $16,285,952. They employed an average
number of 8,848 persons, paying them annually $5,521,-
396. 'Their miscellaneous expenses were Si.378,272.
The cost of materials used was $1 2,309,484. 'The value
of the general production was $23,054,412. Its munici­
pal, commercial, educational and social growth have kept
pace with that of its manufacturing progress. It is well
up in all of the essentials. Its schools and churches are
g 1 and plentiful. Its streets are up to the average.
Its citizenship is rather above the average. 'This citizen-
ship has a pride in its city that has counted for much and
will count for more. Many improvements are in contemplation
that, when accomplished, will give the city
conveniences in keeping with its importance.
Washington, the county seat of Washington County,
is a city of churches, colleges, schools and factories. For
a century it hesitated, content, apparently, with its religious,
social and educational resources as assets. 'The
blaze from its first natural gas well seemed to light the
way to real development, and the oil from a well struck
within the corporate limits greased it so well immediately
afterwards that no obstacles have been sufficient to arrest
progress since that fortunate day. It is one of the oldest

'4 s () Y O T S B U R G H
and most influential of all of the Western Pennsylvania
towns. It was early smelled out by the Scotch-Irish as
eligible, and it and its vicinity were developed by these
people with characteristic vigor and intelligence. Its
colleges, Washington at Washington and Jefferson at
Cannonsburg, ultimately consolidated, were among the
prominent educational institutions of the Union. They
served to strengthen and ramify Presbyterianism, and to
exploit the county and its inhabitants as well. The
coming of the National Road was another stimulation to
growth. The Hemptield Railroad was completed from
Wheeling to Washington in the "fifties," thus adding to
its resources. It took coal, gas and oil, however, to lift
it from the rut into which its respectable settlers and
some of their successors left it. These elements of the
earth, however, in the quality of their ownership, have
wrought a miracle of change in the quality of population.
'The amalgam has done much for the business of the city
and county, and really without detriment to its primitive
possessions, schools and churches. They have more and
better of both than before. 'The educational and religious
values of the first were established, and those of the earth
elements have added to them. Washington by natural
growth and annexation has a present population of nearly
25,000 people. It has, besides its college and seminary.
some of the finest churches and school houses in Pennsylvania,
and as to private residences, few cities of the
state have those that will compare with them. Its court
house, costing more than a million dollars, is probably
the best outside of the two large cities. Its streets are
many and well-paved. It has a large number of iron and
CARNEGIE INSTITUTE
steel mills and glass factories employing several thousand
persons. It is the only city of its size in the state without
a liquor license.
Uniontown is another of the veteran towns that have
made a distinguished history for themselves and their
state. Planted at the foot of the mountains, easily acces­
sible to both river and mountains, it became the county
capital id" Fayette County, and in virtue of its natural
advantages one of the very strong financial centers of the
state. Iron was made in the mountains not far from
Uniontown a hundred years ago. 'The value of its coal
and of its coke and also of its agricultural products
has always held the wealth of this city and its county
much beyond that of nearly every other county west of
the divide. The demonstration of the value of coke was
a great step toward independence for many a farmer.
I he demand for the coal was the next step toward great
wealth for many others than farmers. One result of
this development was to place a Uniontown bank at the
head of the column of the banks of the Union. The
acumen, ability and energy of Josiah Van Kirk Thomp­
son were most largely responsible for this distinction.
and this is a matter of national as well as presidential
recognition. Uniontown has a population of about ten
thousand people. It is a city full of handsome residences,
good public buildings, schools and churches. It has a
number of factories, at present, none of which are pretentious,
but sufficiently numerous to keep many of its
people at work. It divides with Connellsville the profits
of the coke business. It has an immense tributary population
whose business runs into the millions annually.

T 1 S O R Y O F T S LI R G If i .1
The old National Road passes through this city to the
mountains toward the Fast, and out of the county at
Brownsville on the Monongahela River on the northwest.
The Baltimore & Ohio, the Pennsylvania and the
Pittsburgh & Lake Erie railroads have been the chief
transportation factors in the development of the city
and county. 'The Monongahela River, forming the entire
western boundary of Fayette County, carries away
annually to lower markets hundreds of thousands of
tons of coal and coke.
Connellsville-on-the-Youghiogheny is the second city
of Fayette County and is only inferior in importance to
Uniontown in the matter of population. It is a very old
western Pennsylvania town on the western side of the
mountains. It is full of small manufacturing plants,
railroad shops, banks, mercantile establishments, and
busy, enterprising people. Its population is not far from
the ten-thousand mark. The freeing of the bridge over
the Youghiogheny River between Connellsville and New
Haven will tend to a consolidation of the cities very soon.
Other outlying villages will, when united with Connellsville,
give it a population of nearly twenty thousand
people. It has been from the birth of the coke business
the center ami general distributing point. The large
majority of the thousands of mens of the L'uited States
Steel Corporation are in and around this citv. "The coal
from the Fayette County field is gathered into the
immense wards of the several railroad companies for
national distribution. Many efforts have been made to
dam and lock the Youghiogheny River from McKeesport
to Connellsville by members of Congress from time to
time, but thus far it has not been thought well to do so.
Should the National Government be finally prevailed
upon to act and carry into effect this great improvement,
WESTERN UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
it would do much toward cheapening the carriage of coal
and coke and be of lasting benefit to the South and West.
Greensburg, the county seat of Westmoreland County,
the mother county of most of western Pennsylvania, is
thirty-one miles southeast of Pittsburgh. It has at present
a population of about ten thousand people. It is in the
matter of small manufacturing establishments a very
important growing citv. Its new court house, recently
completed at a cost of a million and a half dollars, is
one < >f the finest in the state. Its schools, churches and
private residences are notably handsome and excellent.
'The main stem of the Pennsylvania Railroad and its
southwest branch give this city unexcelled transportation
facilities.
Jeannette, a manufacturing city of recent construction,
but large importance, lies a few miles to the west
of Greensburg on the Pennsylvania Railroad. This little
city has about seven thousand population. The chief
item of manufacture is glass, although many smaller factories
are turning out thousands of tons of products of
various kinds annually.
Vandergrift, the seat of the largest and finest sheet
and tin plate mill in the United States, has about 4,000
people. It is a beautifully laid out and enterprising city,
possessing many fine public and private buildings.
Latrobe is one of the older of the Westmoreland
boroughs. It gets the power for many little factories
from the Loyalhanna Creek. A very great deal of the important
coke trade of the county originates here, and
large shipments are made daily. The Pennsylvania and
the Ligonier Valley railroads furnish the shipping facilities.
'The population is about 5,000.
Derry Borough, population 3,000; Irwin Borough
with 3,000 people ; Mt. Pleasant, in the upper coke district,

16 S T () R Y () T S I! V R G H
with a population of 5,500: Monessen, a strong young city
on the Monongahela River, with 3,000 people; New Ken­
sington, with about d.ooo people, most of whom are en­
gaged in the several factories on the Allegheny River;
Scottdale, one of the strong coke and coal centers, and
West Newton, are also important towns. Duquesne Borough,
on the south bank of the Monongahela River, has a
population of nearly fifteen thousand people. It has
fifteen establishments, with an aggregate capital of
$16,591,380, employing an average of 2,800 persons, and
paying them annually $1,900,580. 'The miscellaneous
expenses are $966,825 a year. 'The cost of the materials
used is $23,144,659, and the value of the production is
$28,494,303 annually. This is one of the younger of
the suburban boroughs, and is growing in all elements
of strength and value famously every year. 'The most
important of its works are the furnaces, retorts and factories
of the Duquesne portion of the United States Steel
('(irporatii >n.
Homestead is and has been one of the strong and
satisfactory growths of the Carnegie Steel Company. It
was bought, laid out and largely finished while Andrew
Carnegie was still a resident of Pittsburgh. In it are the
great Homestead mills, in which the structural iron and
steel and the celebrated armor plate are made. Many other
specialties are also turned out id' these mills. It has no
fewer than 2j establishments with a capital of $732,587.
'The value of the products of the Carnegie interests is
reckoned with those of another concern of the same interets.
'The other concerns employ 307 persons, and pay
them annually $171,247. Homestead has nearly 20,000
pi ipulatii m.
Braddock is the early seat of the Carnegie enterprises.
It was a village then, and distinguished as the disastrous
ante-Revolution battle ground of famous history. The
enterprises and the village have long since outgrown
their swaddling clothing. Braddock has an immediate
and tributary population not far from 40,000 people, and
is growing fast. It has 39 establishments with an aggregate
capital of $3,333,056, an average employee list of
1,245 persons, to whom are annually paid nearly a million
dollars. The cost of the materials used is $2,777,183.
'The value of the products is $4,199,079. 'The city is
very up to date in its municipal enterprises and in the
individual enterprise. 'The large furnaces and rail mills
of the Carnegie company are in this city, together with
man\' small private concerns.
McKees Rocks has a population of 12,000. It is exclusively
a manufacturing city. It has the Lake Erie
railroad shops and round houses employing more than
one thousand persons. It has also the large plant of the
Lockhart Ir«>n & Steel Co., the Schoen Pressed Steel Car
Company, the McKay Chain Works, old Anderson-Du-
Puy Works, and a score of smaller and less important
factories. It lies on the south bank of the Ohio River
below the west end of Pittsburgh.
Carnegie is one of the largest of the recent boroughs
of Allegheny County. It is, fortunately, situated on the
Panhandle, the Washington branch of the Panhandle,
and on the Wabash and the Pittsburgh, Chartiers and
Youghioghenv railroads. Many large factories have
grown up in this borough, and others are locating there
at present. Its schools and churches are new and among
the best in Pennsylvania. It has a population of 12,000.
Tarentum, with a population of more than six thou­
sand, is a nourishing town on the north bank of the
Allegheny River, near the Armstrong and Butler County
lines and across the river from Westmoreland Count}'.
It is in the midst of the most important manufacturing
and agricultural settlements in western Pennsylvania. Its
manufacturing interests are valuable and numerous. It
is a vigorous and advancing borough in every element of
enterprise. The population is over 6,000.
Sharpsburg, lying north of the eastern portion of
Pittsburgh, on the north side of the Allegheny River, has
long been one of the most vigorous boroughs lying near
the city, as it will soon be its most vigorous northwest
frontier. It is connected with Pittsburgh by two bridges,
and at present is really a portion of the city. Its population
is about 7,000. Man_\- of the largest iron and steel
mills and glass factories are in Sharpsburg. The municipal
advantages are abundant in every particular.
Allegheny County in all of its valleys and on all of its
hills is filled with villages and large towns, in all of which
are manufacturing plants of large and small importance.
I hese towns and villages are so numerous that yearly
they are Hearing each other, and soon they will all form
one large city, whose name will be Pittsburgh.
Butler County, in view of its own natural advantages
and the railway facilities radiating from Pittsburgh, is
rapidly developing into a manufacturing importance that
is appealing to those with capital and enterprise. The
county seat itself is one of the very enterprising county
capitals of Pennsylvania. It has forty-eight plants of various
kinds, with a capital of $9,910,334. These employ
about 2,100 persons, paying them in wages more than
$1,113,756 annually. 'The value of production is $6,832,-
007; the cost of material, $4,659,864, with miscellaneous
expenses of $516,857. The population is not far from fifteen
thousand people. Steel cars, glassware, iron and
steel specialties are among the many productions. The
whole trend of the people of the county and citv is toward
substantial improvements along present lines of
light. 'The tremendous advancement of local values,
lauds, farms, general domestic facilities in this county in
a lew years has given a healthy stimulus to everything.
and everyone is looking to further expansions in the near
future. 'The street railway problem has been solved to
a large extent here, and its complete solution is giving
local enterprise much present thought. 'The Pennsylvania,
Baltimore & Ohio, the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh,
and other roads are doing much for Butler's

E S O R Y () R G E
development. 'The population of the county seat is about
12,000.
Armstrong County, with its advantages of river and
rail, has become one of the foremost of western Pennsylvania
counties in every respect. It has benefited largely
by Allegheny Count}' enterprise and capital, but its
own inherent capacities tell the story most effectively and
accurately. Its river front offers large inducements to
manufacturers, and the}' have utilized them. Kittanning.
Apollo, Leechburg, Ford City, and man}- other towns
testifv to the vigor of the work that has been done.
Large mills and factories have gone up in all of them,
and the annual commercial and population growth in each
of them is notable.
Kittanning, the county seat, has not far from 5,000
people; Leechburg has nearly 3,000; Apollo has more
than 3,000, and Ford City has well toward 3,500 people.
'The banks, mercantile establishments and commercial en-
CAMPUS OF WASHINGTON AND JEFFERSON COLLEI
terprises generally are strong and progressive. Glass,
iron, pottery, and other wares are the principal products.
Lawrence County has long been one of the all-around
substantial counties of the Slate. It always has enjoyed
this distinction in virtue of its geographical relations and
advantages. In the days of the old canal it had unusual
facilities that the coming of the railways augmented and
appreciated. It is midway between the lake and the
river, and is on the pathway between. tt must be reckoned
with always in the problem of railway construction
in any lake or river enterprise. 'The B. & 0., the New
York Central, the Pennsylvania, the Erie, the Buffalo,
Rochester & Pittsburgh, and other roads are all within
her limits, and others are trying to get there as fast
as possible. 'The proposed canal will cut the county in
two and double its resources. New Castle, the county
seat, is also the principal railroad and manufacturing
center. It has a population of 35.000 people. It has
J2 separate establishments, with a capital l Si 8.508,474.
These employ about 6,000 persons, who receive annually
in wages $3,603,080. 'The cost of the material used was
$21,529,945. 'The value of the production was $29,433,-
U2^. The miscellaneous expenses were $1.521;.207. 'I he
city of New Castle is one of the most vigorous and pushing
in the State. Its municipal enterprise is proverbial.
It is quite cosmopolitan in the scope of its scheme of expansion.
It is high Up in its educational and religious
measures, its school houses and churches being among
the best in the commonwealth. There are many other
smaller towns in Lawrence Count}' that are important in
a manufacturing way. None of them are large, but
they are man}' and strong.
Beaver County is, and has been, very advanced, both
in manufacturing and agricultural instances. 'I he railroad
facilities have always been abundant, enabling manufacturers
to receive raw materials, manufacture them and
WASHINGTON, PA.
ship them rapidly and readily. The Leaver and Ohio
River valleys have been the natural location of all or
nearly all of these industries, but a few of them have
found advantageous sites in other localities. Beaver
Falls has the Pennsylvania and the Lake Erie roads as
shipping facilities, and in consequence has 42 establishments
with a capital of $6,518,128. 'These employ about
2,500 men and boys, paying them annually about $1,223,-
[39. "The miscellaneous expenses are $593,358. 1 he
cost of the material used is $2,241,513. 'The value of
the production is 84.907,53''. Population, to.ooo.
New Brighton, across the Beaver River, is another
manufacturing town of large resources. It has a popu­
lation of 7.000. It has for years been one of the important
Beaver Valley cities. Its manufacturing facilities are
nearly the same as those of its neighbor, and its products-
largely the same.
Ambridge, the seat of the great American Bridge

i8 T LI E S () R Y ()
Company's works, is a new city, built on the farm occu­
pied so many years by the famous society known as the
Economites. It was this society that made Beaver Falls
what it is, and it has been thought that, had it been perpetuated,
its members would themselves have developed
their own loved property. Be that as it may, it was left
to the enterprise of the stranger to do this work, and. to
his credit be it said, he has done it well. The buildings
of the bridge company have gone up on the bluffs above
the Ohio River, and all are of the largest and most con­
venient type of modern construction. No census of this
new city has been taken, as it literally came up in a night.
It is claimed that it has not far from i d.ooo population.
It has been well laid out and promises soon to be the
metropolis of Beaver Count}-. No municipal or manu-
facturing statistics base thus far been assembled for
accurate publication. 'These will appear in the next
census report, two years hence.
Aliquippa, the new city projected by the Jones and
Laughlin Company of Pittsburgh, is the newest candidate
in Beaver County for manufacturing and municipal
honors. This company has purchased more than twelve
hundred acres on the south bank of the Ohio River, 2T,
miles west of Pittsburgh, and upon these acres it is intended
to erect modern manufactories and a modern citv.
Work has begun upon both sides of this scheme, and
Beaver County's map will soon have another strong city
upon its face.
Rochester is one of the older and more conservative
of the many Beaver Count}' cities. It has a population
of over 5,000, and it is full of factories, large and small.
The Rochester Tumbler Works and other glass factories
in this city and its suburbs long ago distinguished Rochester
as a glass-producing center. Its population has been
a stable and enterprising one, and the city is up to date.
P ] T T S B (J R G H
A TYl'lCAl. COKIC SCENE IX SOUTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA
Beaver, the county town, is one of the most beautiful
little cities in Pennsylvania. It is in the junction of the
Ohio and Beaver rivers. Its schools and colleges are of
the best, and in the item of private residences it has no
competitor in western Pennsylvania. Its population is
small, not exceeding 3.500 people, but its residents are
descendants of those who founded the little city so many
Years ago, ami were content with it and its surroundings.
Many other towns by their vigor and enterprise combine
to make Beaver County wealthy, and many other towns
will soon make this county's population double its pres­
ent number.
Monaca is a strenuous little glass town opposite
Beaver on the south side of the Ohio River. It has
various other establishments, all of them of large impor-
tance, and the combined list of employees makes quite a
local population. 'The freeing of all of the bridges in
Beaver County several years ago gave an impetus to all
of the river towns that was worth much to the manufacturing
and agricultural interests of the county. It was
a far-seeing and judicious measure with immediate beneficial
results. It would be just as beneficial in the
instances of other counties in the state of Pennsylvania
to rid their streams of toll bridges and toll roads.
Koppel is an American offspring of German enterprise.
This coming town lies on the west bank of the
Beaver River, 35 miles from Pittsburgh, in the junction
of the intersection of the Fort Wayne and Lake Erie
railroads. 'The Arthur Koppel Company is the largest
manufacturer of portable and industrial railways in the
world. It has plants in all parts of the world. It is
attracted to this county in preference to all other parts of
the Union by reason of fuel and railway facilities not at
hand elsewhere. It has taken up an immense tract of
land m order to induce other plants to locate with it. The

s () R Y O S U R G 19
site of the town is defined already, and within a year it
will look well among Beaver's other mill and factory
towns.
Mercer County has not lagged in the race for moneymaking
establishments and permanent improvements in
the last quarter of a century. Mercer, Sharpsville and.
most of all, Sharon, have been attracting attention and
factories as well. 'The city of Sharon, with its environs,
has set a pace that has caused older and more pretentious
towns to "sit up and take notice." Late statistics showthat
in and around this city are 36 establishments employ­
ing 2,000 people, to whom are annually paid $882,996.
'The combined capital of these establishments is $4,838,-
448. 'The value of the products is $4,770,1)14. 'The cost
of production is $220,120. The town is still very young
in the instance of the newest part, but the work of building
up a good-looking and modern city has been consistently
pushed. G 1 buildings are numerous of both
residenti.il and public and semi-public character. Many
additional manufacturing concerns are expected to locate
here soon, as the facilities are of the finest and the general
conveniences the best in the country between the Ohio
Liver and Lake Erie. Mercer County has also some of
the best colleges and schools in the State of Pennsylvania.
Meadville, the capital of Crawford County, is one
of the prettiest as well as one of the very hustling cities
of northwestern Pennsylvania. It has a very favorable
geographical location with reference to eastern Ohio,
western New York and western Pennsylvania operations
of all kinds. Being the seat of the great Methodist
Episcopal college, the Allegheny, its educational influence
is well-nigh national in character. Other schools of
LOADING CARS DIRECT FROM COKE OVENS BY MACHINERY
distinctive character have added at least to its state repu­
tation in an educational way. 'The entire atmosphere of
the county is wholesome, and Meadville has always been
regarded as one of the very choicest residential sections
of the state. In a manufacturing way it is a most pretentious
town. Tt maintains no fewer than -^2 plants of
varying importance. 'The combined capital of these plants
is $1,761,230. They furnish employment to nearly 1,500
persons, and yearly nearly $700,000 is disbursed among
them. 'The finished products are valued at $2,074,600.
'The miscellaneous cost of material is 8064.2X6. The
Erie and the Pittsburgh and Bessemer railroads give
most satisfactory facilities east and west and north and
south, respectively. Several street railway lines give advantageous
inter-county communication. In conformity
with its other up-to-date surroundings, Meadville has
a municipality that is one of the best in every essential
in the state. Individual enterprise in the way of taking
care of property has done most of all in the combined
municipal and personal efforts in keeping the city clean
and the residences with their surroundings sightly. Its
home churches, comprising most of the denominations,
are handsome architectural edifices. Population, 11,000.
Titusville, in the eastern part of Crawford County,
has long been known as the prominent petroleum city of
the state. It has a population not far from ten thousand
people. The people of this city have done much toward
making it the business center it is to-day. It has 62
manufacturing establishments of all kinds, and all are in
a flourishing condition. 'These plants have an aggregate
capital of $3,755,446 and employ about 1,200 persons.
'The annual pay-n ill reaches $506,935. The miscellanei ius

20 ( ) R Y ( ) S B U R G H
expenses are $243,355. The cost of material is $189,504,
and the value of production 83,240.890. 'The citv is
compactly built and is a homelike as well as a thoroughly
hustling business town. It is abreast the times in every
particular of city and domestic necessity.
< 'il I ity is one oi the two energetic cities of Venango
County. Its population is nearly if not quite 15,000
people. Like Titusville, it had its origin and inceptive
strength in the strenuous elder day of oil development.
It has inherent strength, however, of its own, and the oil
was only necessary to its birth and christening. It is full
of g 1 churches, school houses, public buildings and
good citizens who are interested in its advancement and
material strength. It has ^j manufacturing concerns
whose capital is over $4,600,000. About 1.700 employees
work in these plants, and these receive $958,514 annually.
Finished products are worth $3,217,208.
Franklin, count}- seat of Venango Count v. is as well
known in Pennsylvania as it is prettily located. Its
present population is close to 8,000 people, and its friends
think the coming decennial census will give it all of
10,000 souls. Its manufacturing interests are not as large
and as abundant as those of other county capitals, but
there are a great many in the city and some of them are
very pretentious concerns. 'The business and commercial
standing of Franklin is inferior to very few of even the
largest counties in the state. Its oil interests are very
large and important, and its various oil products and
by-products find sale all over the world. Its private
residences, clubs and all of its public buildings, churches
and school houses are of the finest. 'The wealth and
culture of its people and their standing at home and
abroad are well-known facts.
MINING Coal BY COMPRESSED AIR
DuBois, the metropolis of Clearfield County, is not
so old as it is strong and influential in all modern interior
county meanings. It gets its name and nominal distinc­
tion from the late John DuBois, the lumberman, who
founded and did so much for his namesake. Its popula­
tion has been doubling each census, and the next one is
not expected to furnish an exception. At present there are
more than ten thousand people residents of the city. It
boasts of 34 plants of various kinds. These give work
to more than 1,100 people. 'The aggregate capital is in
excess of $3,281,457, and the value of the productions is
$2,607,073. As is usual in young cities in Pennsylvania,
the improvements, public and private, are up to modern
prescription. The population takes great pride in the
architecture of buildings of all classes, and it requires
only a superficial glance to see how well they have carried
out their ideals.
Punxsutawney with its five thousand population, lies
well into the southwest of Jefferson County and does
business with and for the thousands of business people
in the hall dozen surrounding counties. It has benefited
by the railway construction that has been so general in
its vicinity, and its interests have been augmented by the
coal and lumber development consequent upon this construction.
Farm lands have also increased all around it.
'The general result has been that both mercantile and
manufacturing schemes have sprung up to the advantage
of the city. It has all of the present-day conveniences
and comforts, and many of the urban luxuries.
Reynoldsville, another Jefferson County small city,
has 4,000 people living in fine houses in a beautiful city
that is going forward along modern lines of every
descriptii in.

T H S T () R Y o F S I' R (i II 2 I
Ridgway, far up in the Elk Count} hills, has a growing
idea of itself, and is trying hard to realize ideals. It
is pretty near the 4,000-mark in population. It has
excellent railway facilities. It is doing quite a fair man­
ufacturing and a large mercantile and banking business.
It has all of the externals of beaut} peculiar to an inland
town, and in every possibility is trying to better conditions.
Cannonsburg, the ancient home of old Jefferson College
and primitive Presbyterianism, finds its youth renewed
in mixing manufacturing with its denominationalism,
and. incidentally, very profitable. 'The loss of the
college has never quite had its sentimental compensation,
but the find of the factor}- has been largely remedial.
'The stability of population, the excellence of the old
Scotch-Irish stock, have made this a community sui
generis. It is even older than the count}-, and until oil,
coal and gas combined to cosmopolitanize conditions, it
was the strength of the count}-. It is still a citv of good
schools and many churches as well as good people and
plenty of them. A tin-plate mill and several other plants
give the working people employment. 'The old college
is used as an academy. 'The Chartiers branch of the
Panhandle road gives ample facilities for the transportation
of its products and receipt of freight.
Uonora is the youngest and perhaps the largest of
the Monongahela River cities in Washington County. It
has more than ten thousand people and is growing rap­
.^•p -.
k
A | wm "" . * »
*1 :' • X
^^^
J& ^k
idly. < )ne of the largest plants of the United States Steel
Corporation is the nucleus around which the city has
grown. The youth of Donora has made it impossible
to assemble actual statistics concerning its manufacturing
and commercial conditions. It has both the Monongahela
River and the Monongahela branch of the Pennsylvania
mad as shipping media. 'The social, educational and
religious facilities are of the best.
( harleroi, just above Donora, is a young and vigorous
manufacturing citv of about 9,000 people. (ilass and
iron and steel specialties are the principal manufactures.
Many large school houses and some of the best churches
in Pennsylvania have been built in ibis city. The idea
upon which the town of (harleroi had its start originated
with the late James S. McKean, whose father owned the
farm upon which it is built. Mr. McKean took hold of
the scheme with characteristic vigor, and the flourishing
citv is the result.
Monongahela is the oldest citv in Washington County.
It was a citv long before Washington, and although it is
still mie it has not kept pace with its younger competitors
in the matter of population and civic growth. It is a
very strong municipality, however. Its banks are among
the best in the state, and as a residence desideratum it
has few equals anywhere. Its historical interest and its
prominence for more than a hundred years give it an
enviable place in the state and municipal traditions.
-• —
OSGOOD VIADUCT, BESSEMER & LAKE ERIE RAILROAD
:•

B A N K S A N D T R U S T C O M P A N I E S
Pittsburgh Remarkably Strong as a Financial Center—
Her Banks and Trust Companies Conservative Yet Pro­
gressive—Bankers and Brokers of Unquestioned Integrity
T H E standing of Pittsburgh as a financial center
was a long time in gaining recognition. Its
importance was really overlooked by its own
citizens, of whom it was said that they were
tm i busy minding their own business and making money
to care what the outside world thought of the citv. The
press of Pittsburgh—unlike that of Chicago and Los
Angeles, for instance, which is ever trumpeting local
achievements—was imbued with the conservatism of its
constituency. The public men of Pittsburgh were, as a
rule, too familiar with the every-day sight of glowing
furnaces and the whirr of industrial machinery, and
therefore it did not occur to them to expatiate on these
things when the opportunity presented itself, nor to compare
the substantial progress of Pittsburgh with that of
less favored cities.
A gradual awakening came with the recovery from
the panic of 1893, but it was not until 1900-01 that the
truth suddenly burst upon the people at home and abroad
that Pittsburgh was the center of the greatest wealthproducing
agencies in the world. 'The event that opened
the eyes of the public was the wonderful transformation
that took place in the iron and steel trade. It was known
that the Carnegie Steel Company, Limited, was capitalized
at $25,000,000, and in a general way it was known
that this capital was more or less nominal: but it was
not until the reorganization of that company by Andrew
Carnegie that the public learned the corporation had an
earning power of between $35,000,000 and $40,000,000
per annum.
It was in the year 1901, when this reorganized company,
with a total capital of $320,000,000, the largest in
this country, was absorbed by the United States Steel
Corporation, that Pittsburgh loomed in the public eye.
This city had furnished the most important unit in the
largest industrial corporation in the world.
Within the municipal limits of the City of Pittsburgh
there are to-day 102 chartered banks and trust companies,
having total resources of $545,857,079. There are 35
national banks, 33 state banks, and 34 trust companies.
From 1880 to 1890 there was an increase of but one in
the number of institutions, but the amount of business
transacted, as measured by clearings, almost trebled.
From 1890 to 1900 there was an increase of 14 in
number, and total resources more than doubled. From
1900 to 1905, the period of expansion, there was an
increase of no less than 34 in chartered institutions, and
deposits and resources again more than doubled. 'The
growth in number, resources and clearing-house transactions
may be seen at a glance in this table:
Year. No. Resources. Clearings.
1880 47 $65,615,667 $297,804,747
[890 48 93.922.044 786,694,231
1900 62 225,326,618 [,615,641,592
1905 96 491.490.761 2,506,069,215
](J07 9° 518,245,954 2.743.570,483
1908* 102 545.857,079
* 'The increase at the opening of 1908 is made up of
the i 1 banks and trust companies of the North Side
(Allegheny City) and the one bank in Sheraden, which
are now embraced in the City of Pittsburgh.
I he popularity of national banking as a business and
investment is evidenced by the fact that with one exception—New
York Citv—there is more money invested in
capital stock, surplus and profits of the national banks
of Pittsburgh than in any other city. In other words,

Pittsburgh ranks second in this respect in the cities of
the United States, while it ranks sixth in the amount of
its financial transactions as measured by the volume of
bank clearings.
The national banks of the City of Pittsburgh have a
cleaner record than those of any other city of similar
or greater size in the country. 'There have been mergers
and voluntary liquidations,
but in not a
single instance has a
nation a 1 bank of
Pittsburgh gone
thn »ugh invi duntary
liquid atimi. (The
failure of the Enterprise
National Lank
of Allegheny City occurred
before the
merger of the North
Side into the greater
city. ) In the panic of
1903 one national
bank in Pittsburgh
and one in Allegheny
( itv t e m p o r a r i 1 y
closed their di »< >rs, but
they were speedily restored
to solvency, resumed
business, and
are ti i-day aim >ng the
strongest financial institutions
in the coun­
try.
'The strength of
the financial institutions
of Pittsburgh is
seen in the large excess
of surplus and
undivided pr< ifits over
c a p i t a 1 sti ick. The
paid-up capital of the
31 national banks of
the old citv in De­
cember, 1907. w a s
$29,200,000, while the
surplus a 11 d profits
a m o u n t e d to $34>"
830,000. lip until the
year 1900. this surplus and profit account represented
actual earnings on capital in excess of the amount paid 111
dividends. In the four succeeding years many of the
banks sold additional capital stock at a high premium
over par, and this premium was added to surplus account.
ft was from the premium realized on new stock thus
sold that the means were provided in several instances
for the erection of the handsome bank buildings which
() Y () s I' U G
give such architectural prominence to the financial dis­
trict.
Pittsburgh ranks sixth in the list of clearing-house
cities in the United States, and is so far in advance of
its nearest competitor that there is no danger of it falling
below its present position. ()n the contrary, it is within
the probabilities of the near future that this citv will
overtake St. Louis
and occupy fifth place.
At the present writing
the membership
in the Pittsburgh
( bearing I louse Association
is confined to
natii mal banks ; but it
is ni >t improbable that
the movement started
in other cities to admit
trust companies to
full membership will
be taken up here.
In the year 1907
two additional members
wvvt admitted into
the P i tt sbu r g h
Clearing House, the
composition of the
Association being" as
follows:
Lank of Pittsburgh.
X. A.. Ex­
LUMBIA NATIONAL BANK BUILDINI
change N a t i o n a I
Lank, Allegheny National
Bank, First National
Bank. Second
National Bank. 'Third
National Bank, Farmers'
I )eposit National
Lank. Union National
Bank, Peoples' National
Bank. German
National Bank. First
N a t i o na 1 Bank of
Allegheny, Diamond
National I tank, Duquesne
Nation a 1
L a n k, Monongahela
National Lank. Co­
lumbia National Lank. National Bank of Western Pennsylvania,
Commercial National Bank. Tort Pitt National
Bank, Mellon National Bank, Keystone National Bank,
Lincoln National Bank, Federal National Bank.
In addition to handling their own business, the members
of the Pittsburgh Clearing House act as agents in
clearing the checks and drafts of fully 150 other financial
institutions in the Greater Pittsburgh district.

H S ( ) R Y O F I T T S 15 U R G I]
I he sphere ol trust companies has broadened with
the change in business conditions and the consequent in­
creasing financial intricacy of corporations. They were
originally formed to act as trustees of estates and to
execute other trusts, but now they have safe deposit ac­
counts, act as transfer agents, and frequently engage in
the work of commercial banks. Many receive time de­
posits and accept deposits subject to withdrawal by check.
THE LANK OF PITTSBURGH, N. A. (NA­
TIONAL LANK )—Brighter than the glitter of gold is
the lustre of an untarnished reputation.
So far as the records of banking institutions in the
United States have been inscribed by time on the scroll
of fame on the list of
those that have done the
best, the name of the
Bank of Pittsburgh leads
all the rest. To the ex­
tent that history takes
cognizance of banking
transactions, the oldest
bank west of the Alleghenies,
ever distinguished
by financial integrity
of the highest
grade, is more honorably
accredited than any
other bank in the country.
For years four score
and seventeen the Bank
of Pittsburgh has seen
the city grow up around
it.
In 1810 the Bank of
Pittsburgh was established.
The entire stock of
actual cash, hard coin,
THE BANK IIF PITTSBURGH
in t h e country then
amounted to less than $10,000,000. From 1810 to
1850, while thev lived, hundreds of banks did business
on fictitious capitalization. Possessing doubtful
and scantv assets, thev issued notes that soon depreciated
into disrepute and worthlessness. 'The iniquity of this
bank-note circulation was made worse by the impoverishment
of State and national treasuries. At times
neither the States nor the Nation could pay even the
interest on their debts. In the panics of [816 and [818,
in the period of commercial disaster that culminated in
1837, and in the woefully hard times that preceded the
Civil War, the inexorable honesty, the strength and preparedness
of the Bank of Pittsburgh were best shown.
From the first, so far as a bank safely and legitimate!}-
might lend aid to Pittsburgh's ever-growing in-
dtistries, the Bank of Pittsburgh has most notably dis-
played its public spirit and its civic pride. Never deviating
from the course it has so successfully pursued; invariably
conservative when conservatism was significant of hon­
esty and common sense; always using its means and influ­
ence for the betterment of business methods and condi­
tions, it has been ever an appreciated factor in promoting
Pittsburgh's prestige.
From the frontier town of 1810 to Pittsburgh's status
to-day, is growth extraordinary. In keeping, however,
with the city's marvelous increase in trade and productiveness,
the Lank of Pittsburgh has amplified its power
to serve. Placed at the disposal of its patrons are the
extensive connections and great financial strength ac­
quired in 97 years of
continuous growth.
Among comparatively
recent acquisitions are
the prerogatives of a
national bank, obtained
in 1899, and the re­
sources and business of
the Inm Citv National
Bank and the Merchants'
and Manufacturers' National
Bank, which were
merged with The Bank
of Pittsburgh, N. A.
( N a 1 i o h a 1 Bank), in
1904.
On August 22. 1907,
the bank's condition was
thus indicated: Capital
stock, $2,400,000; surplus
and undivided prof­
its, $2,854,176.73; circu-
1 a t i o n, $2,167,597.50;
due from banks and cash
in vaults, $4,584,967.37;
deposits, $16,824,872.-
66; total resources, $24,-
243,017.31. Such figures speak for themselves. They
show beyond any doubt the present immensity and solidity
of the institution that has been so honorably identified
with the history of Pittsburgh for nearly too years.
In its building, as in other things, the Bank of Pitts­
burgh gives evidence of its invariable association with the
solidest and best. 'The beautiful front on Fourth Avenue
is a work of architecture that would attract attention
anywhere. 'The classic design evidenced in the building's
outlines is continued in the spacious interior. Finished
with the finest bronze and Pavanozzo marble,
adapted and furnished in conformity with the bank's requirements,
it impresses the visitor, not with the amount
of money expended, but with dignity and subdued
elegance.

S T O R Y (J F T S LI R G II
'To the men who administered the affairs of the Bank
of Pittsburgh during the years of its existence, more
than ordinary credit is due. 'Their memory should be
honored, not only for the zeal, fidelity and ability they
displayed in behalf of the bank, but for the important
public benefits attained as the result of their thought and
action.
In private life the world of finance offers few higher
honors than important official positions with The Bank of
Pittsburgh, N. A. (National Lank). 'The present officers
are: Wilson A. Shaw. President; Joseph R. Paull, Vice-
President; W. F. Bickel, Cashier; J. M. Russell. First
Assistant Cashier; W. L. Jack- and J. I). Avres, Assistant
Cashiers, and George F. Wright. Auditor. ( )n the Board
of Directors of the Lank of Pittsburgh are: Dallas C.
Byers, II. M. Brackenridge,
J. Stuart Brown, John (aidwell,
Frederick Davidson,
James J. Donnell, I. W.
Frank, C. F. Holdship, John
E. Hurford, John B. jackson,
T. ( li ft' in J e n k i n s,
George A. Kelly, Jr., Thomas
II. Lane, Albert J. Logan, C.
M. Logue, Reuben Miller,
Wilson Miller. Joseph R.
Paull, W. II. Seif, Wilson A.
Shaw. Daniel H. Wallace,
Joseph L. Woodwell.
THE BLTTI ER COUN­
TY NATIONAL BANK—
Largest and strongest in Butler
County, one of the leading
and most progressive in
western Pennsylvania, one of
the solid financial institutions
o f A m eric a—these seem
strong assertions; vet there is
s u c h pi'' igressiveness a n d
strength in the Butler Count}
National Lank of Butler, Pa
probation is justly earned.
capital of $100,000 on August 18, 1890, within a few
months it had deposits of $206,901.13. and pos­
sessed resources of $334.43r-38, showing at that
early date its financial solidity. At the end of sixteen
years the capital was $300,000, only triple the original.
but the bank had placed to surplus and profits $450.-
,.40.40, making its capital and surplus more than $750.-
000. Meanwhile its deposits had grown more than ten
times the original to S2.363.442.51, while the resources
multiplied accordingly to $3,313,991.91. Lew banks in
America, excepting some in large cities, can show such a
percentage of growth. 'This bank's figures tell its story.
Several of these men are directly identified with the
no
that the highest apaving
started with a
bank's daily work, as is shown in the following catalogue
of officers: President, Leslie P. Hazlett; Vice-Presi­
dents, A. L. Reiber, T. P. Mifflin, J. V. Lifts; Cashier,
|ohn G. McMarlin; Assistant Cashiers. Albert ('. Krug,
W. S. Blakslee, W. A. Ashbaugh.
Commercially convenient in its home citv, thoroughly
equipped in a strength of furnishing that bespeaks the
character of its strong financial and managing phases,
and architecturally beautiful, the bank's home in the Butler
County National Bank Building is ideal in every way.
The banking rooms and other admirable facilities are
alone sufficient to instill a feeling of security for one's
money placed there for safe keeping.
While the bank's principal business is in commercial
accounts, these by no means overshadow personal checking
or savings accounts. One
of the strong features has
been this bank's policy in regard
to savings accounts and
time deposits. Unlike many
institutions with this feature,
this bank allows the withdrawal
of money in such accounts
or deposits without notice,
the only rule being that
no interest will be allowed unless
money has been in the
bank six months or longer.
The highest rate of interest
compatible with safe banking
is given on such deposits.
Special provision has been
made for the accommodation
of women patrons, there being
a separate, attractive
alcove where their banking
ma}- be done without public
scrutiny. Another strong feature
is this bank's supreme
safe deposit vaults, affording
most excellent protection
for valuables of every kind, the vaults being proof against
fire, water and burglars. Boxes for keeping deeds, valuable
papers, jewelry, etc.. are provided. There is a coupon
room where papers may be clipped or examined, letters
written or consultations held. In addition there is a large
tire-proof and burglar-proof vault for storing silverware
or other valuables in trunks, boxes or proper wrappings.
The bank also has a complete foreign department and a
strong foreign money order system, which enables it to
send money quickly and safely to any part of the world.
Anything relating t foreign business or travel is cared
BUTLER COUNTY NATIONAL BANK BUILDINf
for thoroughly in this department.
THE FARMERS' DEPOSIT NATIONAL BANK
—()n the corner of Wood Street and Fifth Avenue

() R Y O L
stands a magnificent building, the tallest structure in
Pittsburgh. 'Towering upward in grandeur and strength,
this great building displays to the world the wealth and
importance of its owner, the Tanners' Deposit National
Lank. But the building, big as it is. hardly gives an
adequate idea of the size and significance of the bank's
business. Nor do mere figures convey to the average
mind the full realization of all that is meant by "deposits
amounting to $24,328,589.77."
'That from an inconspicuous commencement in 1832
the bank has grown to its present immensity, shows not
only tlie possibilities of Pittsburgh, but also the continuing
excellence of the bank's management. Lor full
three-quarters of a century the bank has lost sight of
no opportunity to increase its usefulness. In all ways
that were desirable and safe it always kept pace with the
march of progress. In making its almost continuous
advances, it has never stepped outside of the rather strict
limitations of commercial banking. Offering in the way
of banking facilities, investment securities, foreign drafts,
letters of credit, safe deposit vaults and the like, all that
anv well-regulated modern bank may properly offer to
depositors and customers, the vast increase of its business
is the best attestation that the commercial public
appreciate the svstem and methods of the Farmers' Deposit
National Bank.
To its capital stock of $6,000,000 are now added
surplus and undivided profits (net) amounting to $2,-
J22, [O9.83.
Iii the past year the total of its deposits rose from
$22,173,419.83 to $24,328,589.77.
T. IT (iiven is President of the Farmers' Deposit
National Bank, and I. W. Lleinming is Cashier.
Till-: FEDERAL NATIONAL BANK—On the
ground floor of that towering structure of iron and
granite at Tilth Avenue and Smithfield Street, known
as the Lark- Building, fairly radiating the activity of
the great metropolis in the heart of which it is situated,
is the banking house of the Federal National Lank, an
institution the strength and worth of which is indexed
by its development and the important place it occupies
among the national banks in the great business and financial
district of Pittsburgh and in the entire banking
vvi irld.
RESOURCES.
Loans and discounts $4,101),964.67
U. S. bonds 883,200.00
Slocks securities 248,685.07
Furniture and fixtures 22.000.00
Due from banks 545,402.83
Cash on hand 527.725.86
Redemption fund 36,750.00
$6. 373728-43
P | T T S L U R G II
LIABILITIES.
Capital stock $1,000,000.00
Surplus 1,000,000.00
Undivided profits 315,250.35
Circulation 735,000.00
I (eposits 3,323,478.08
$6,373,728.43
A glance at its list of officers and directors is con­
fidence-inspiring-, all being men of superior ability and
unquestioned financial standing in their several indus­
trial and professional pursuits. 'They are as follows:
Officers—Hugh Young, president: John S. Craig, vice-
president; John II. Jones, vice-president; H. M. Landis,
vice-president and cashier; John E. Haines, assistant
cashier. Directors: Hugh Voting, John S. Craig, John
IT Jones, F. R. Babcock, J. H. Price, W. A. Dinker,
John Murphy, Justus Mulert, W. A. Roberts, David
Vost, J. L. Cooper, W. T. 'Todd. H. M. Landis and
John E. I laines.
From 1877 until he was selected from a long list of
possibilities as the best man for the presidency of the
Federal National Lank mi December 8. 1903. Col. Hugh
Young was a bank examiner, serving through six national
administrations with the highest character and
reputation. Looking carefully after the interests of this
bank, he has continued as president of the 'Tioga County
Savings 61- Trust Co. of Wellsboro, Pennsylvania, his
home town, and also finds time to write on economic
and financial topics, being considered an authority mi
those subjects.
J. S. Craig, vice-president, is a very valuable officer
and director of the bank, lie is one of the best examples
of the Pittsburgh manufacturer, is treasurer of the Riter
& Conley Manufacturing Co., the structural iron products
ot which firm are known over all the civilized world.
As Mr. ( raig is a leader in the iron business, so
John IT Jones is a captain in the coal industry. He is
president of the Pittsburgh & Buffalo Co.. the most important
independent company in Pittsburgh, operating
largely in Washington County, and also manufacturing
brick of various kinds. Mr. Jones has for many years
been identified with the river coal business, and has many
diversified business interests.
Both 11. M. Landis and John L. Haines have been
responsible for their full share of the large and continuous
growth f the Federal.National Bank.
THE FIRST NATIONA] LANK OF PITTS­
BURGH—One of the great financial institutions of western
Pennsylvania is the First National Bank of Pittsburgh;
great, not only in the size of its capital stock, its
number of depositors who are representative of all walks
of hie, its earning capacity, and its equipment, but exceptionally
strong in its guiding officers—men of sterling

T 1-1 E S T () R V 0 F
are synonyms of efficiency, conservatism and safety in
business enterprises. 'Their management of the transactions
of the bank in its intelligent, persistent effort to
meet its customers' requirements made possible the rapid
growth of the bank's business, which is especially remarkable
in the ten years from 1896.
Year S ,u.rP1.us, a"d Un- Total Profits
divided Fronts
t896 $424,372.37 $2.785.1,85.53
J897 484,820.38 4,137,505.34
1898 536,008.37 4.71 1.516.20
1899 594,266.05 8,486,443.93
[900 753.265.62 12,392,835.49
1901 913.520.35 11.421,035.25
1902 1.077,883.86 [4,362,392.80
1903 2.294,118.81 13,789,110.11
1904 2,349,837.35 15,001,880.63
1905 2.405.332.31 15.985.863.21
[906 2,508,997.94 1 8,204,276.42
'The First National Lank of Pittsburgh came into
existence in 1X52 under the name of "'The Pittsburgh
'Trust & Savings Co." On the eighth of August, 1863. it
received its charter as a national depository, being the
first in Pittsburgh and one of the first in the United
States to receive this honor. That the officers have the
utmost faith in the future of Pittsburgh and their bank
is evidenced by the fact that thev are building at Fifth
Avenue and Wood Street, 011 a site three times as extensive
as that heretofore found sufficient, an edifice for the
exclusive use of the bank which will be one of the finest
bank houses in the world. Until this building is com­
pleted, the bank is located at 242 Fifth Avenue.
Following are the officers and directors: T. IT
Skelding, president; 'Thus. Wigiirman, vice-president; J.
L. Dawsmi Speer, vice-president; F. H. Richard, cashier;
T. C. Griggs, assitant cashier; William F. Benkiser,
manager foreign department: 'The". Reinboldt, assistant
manager foreign department. Directors: W. Harry
Brown. |ohn I). Culbertson, Francis H. Denny, John
W. Garland, J. S. Kuhn, W. S. Kuhn, Wilson Miller.
William C. Moreland, A. M. McCrea, George S. Oliver,
Charles A. Painter, F. II. Richard. F. L. Robbins, F.
II. Skelding. J. L. D. Speer, J. J. 'Turner. Thomas
Wightman.
LIRST NATIONAL BANK OF CONNELLS­
VILLE, PA.—Established in April, 187''. the First
National Bank of Connellsville. always well managed.
has steadily and consistently added to its resources and
stability.
In January, 1893, the First National Bank of Con­
nellsville declared a dividend of fifty per cent, and increased
its capitalization to $75,000. In dividends the
S B I. G II
business integrity and ability, who have achieved success bank has paid to date $215,000. Its present capital, sur­
in their many and various interests, and whose names plus and undivided profits amount to $234,000.
In 1902 the bank erected on the corner of Main
Street and Meadow Lane a building befitting its importance
and dignity. In this handsome structure of Milforn
granite and pressed brick, six stories high, and covering
an area of 66 by 160 feet, the bank has a building of
which Connellsville is rightly proud. The banking offices
are fitted up with appropriate elegance and every modern
ci uivenience.
In addition to all the usual business of a national bank,
the First National Lank of Connellsville conducts a savings
department that pays four per cent, compound interest,
and has especial facilities for doing banking by
mail. The bank also does an extensive business in foreign
exchange. A popular adjunct of the bank are the
amply protected and conveniently arranged safe deposit
vaults.
The officers of the bank are John I), brisbee, President;
Joseph R. Stauffer. Vice-President, and F. T. Norton,
Cashier. 'The directors of the First National Bank
of Connellsville are: John I), brisbee. Joseph R.
Stauffer, William Weihe, Robert Norris, E. T. Norton.
J. L. Kendall and E. C. Higbee.
FIRST NATIONAL LANK OF UNIONTOWN,
PA.—When Isaac Skiles sold his holdings in the bank
about 1870. Jasper M. 'Thompson, father of J. V.
'Thompson, and one of the organizers of the bank, became
president. In 1803 the bank had taken advantage
of the national bank act and became a national bank.
The growth of the institution has been phenomenal.
In June. 1870, its surplus was $7,665.16; deposits, $70,-
706.34; total reserves, $194,313. By January 26. 1907,
|. V. 'Thompson's efficient management had brought the
surplus up to $1,100,000; deposits, $2,570,014: total
resi lurces, $3,818,91 o. 13.
But the bank fairly outstripped itself in accomplishing
the feat of leading all the national banks of the
country, including the enormous institutions in the larger
cities, like New York, Chicago. Philadelphia, Pittsburgh,
etc., and those in the smaller cities and towns. 'The
honor roll of national banks is a table made up from the
reports all national banks are required to make to the
government each year. Of the 6,288 national banks
doing business, only 880, or seven out of every 100, got
on the honor roll in 1007. The hirst National of Uniontown
led all those entitled to be honored. 'To get on the
honor roll a bank must show surplus and undivided
profits equal to or in excess of its capital stock. 'The
capital of the First National of Uniontown is $100,000.
Its surplus is $1,100,000. 'The percentage of excess is
1,100. 'The nearest metropolitan bank to the Uniontown
institution is the famous and powerful Chase National
of New York City, which is eighth on the national
bank honor roll, with a percentage of excess of 578.21.

2S s () R Y O I T T S U R G E
Josiah Vankirk 'Thompson's guiding hand, fine dis­
crimination and keen intellect can be traced in every step
of this wonderful progress. Courteous and kindly him­
self, he has surrounded himself with men with those
attributes. 'The smallest depositor is made to feel he is
as important to the bank as the president himself. Be­
sides Mr. 'Thompson sets such an example as an inde­
fatigable worker that those under him are kept going at
a fast pace to make a showing which can be compared
to the president's activities. But they can never hope to
seriously compete with him as a worker, lie will stay
at the bank all night writing letters, leave when the
janitor conies around in the morning, hurry home,
snatch a bite to eat and a little nap and be back again
when the bank opens at 9 o'clock. 'This, of course, he
does not do day in and day out,
but he does it often enough to
stamp him as a man of wonder­
ful strength and recuperative
powers.
His conduct of the bank
shows better than a book full of
praise could that his success is
not to be associated with frenzied
finance or heartless crushing
of other people's ambitions.
A great deal of money is loaned
by the bank purely upon Mr.
Thompson's estimate of the borrower's
worth as a man. He is
a keen judge of human nature.
He has made millionaires of
people who have been associated
with him in business, and has
helped many a Uniontown man
to wealth. In his enormous dealings
in coal lands he has let hundreds
of friends make money
with him.
None has been benefited
til" tSfiBl*
i"11 lift III' *
JjlIIIflflMiili
fill fill II Efi %%l
FBmamiuijii
'litrr" •
more by Mr. 'Thompson than his associates and employees
in the First National Bank. 'The officers, many of them
picked up by Mr. 'Thompson and made successful business
men. are, aside from himself: Vice-president, lames M.
Hustead; cashier, Edgar S. Hackney; assistant cashier,
Francis Frank M. Semans, Jr.; teller, 'Thomas B. Semans;
board of directors. Harvey C. Jeffries, James M.
Hustead, Daniel P. Gibson, William Hunt. John I).
Ruby, William M. Thompson, and. of course, |. V.
Thompson.
THE GERMAN NATIONAL LANK—Of all the
strong, conservative, profitably operated banks in Pittsburgh
the old reliable "German National" is one of the
best km iwn.
Noted not only for its excellent financial condition.
but also for its initiative, the German National Bank is
credited with having considerably accelerated banking
progress. Built fifteen years ago, yet to-day one of the
notable edifices of the citv. the German National Bank
Building on the corner of Wood Street and Sixth Ave­
nue was the first high-class modern structure for bank­
ing purposes erected in Pittsburgh. Among the earliest
to sup])l}- its customers with safe deposit facilities, it has
ever since taken especial care of this popular feature of
its business. Its safe deposit department is adequate,
strongly protected and entirely up to date.
FIRST NATIONAL BANK BUILDING, UNIONTOWN, PA.
Making a specialty of the handling of commercial
paper, the bank is prepared always to furnish all depositors
with such accommodations as are consistent with
sale banking. In cheerful compliance with a recent sug­
gestion of the Secretary of the
Treasury, the German National
Lank (one of the first to do so)
is lending appreciated assistance
in the matter of supplying to a
denominations. A large part of
its circulation, $500,000, is now-
issued in fives, tens and twenties.
The importance of the German
National Bank is enhanced
•Tflf
1 in
n ig if
>~_
by the fact that it is a United
States depository and the custodian
of the reserve funds of
a number of national and State
banks. 'The New York correspondents
of the German National
Bank are the National
City Bank, the National Park
Lank and the Phoenix National
Bank, its Philadelphia agent is
the Fourth Street National
Bank, and its Chicago connections
are the First National
Bank and the Nationa Bank of the Republic.
At the time of makin its last report. August 22.
1907, there was deposited in the German National Bank
84.200,622.42. Its surplus fund and undivided profits
amounted to $772,992.98, and its total resources reached
the enormous sum of $6,526,615.40. 'The bank pays
with unfailing regularity to its stockholders dividends at
the rate of twelve per cent. From the inception of the
enterprise in [864 the profits of the German National
Bank up to the present amount to $2,047,000.
Immense resources may suggest solidity and trustworthiness,
but only honor and worth inspire well-merited
confidence. A bank that has in addition to great
assets officers and directors of the highest character and
ability is the one that wins for itself the best and most
abiding recognition. Strong financially, the German Na a-

II () R Y O F S II U R G
tional Bank commands all respect because of the implicit
trust and confidence placed in its officers and directors.
'The officers are : E. H. Myers, President; L. Vilsack,
Vice-President; W. W. Ramsey, Cashier; A. A. Vilsack,
Assistant Cashier; J. W. F. Eversmann, Assistant Cashier.
The directors are: E. IT Myers. John P. Ober, A. A.
Frauenheim, 11. B. Beatty, Leopold Vilsack, Charles A.
Fagan, John I). Brown, J. S. Craig and IT P. Haas.
KEYSTONE NATIONAL LANK—The Keystone
National Lank of Pittsburgh occupies the ground floor
ol its own spacious [5-story building at 320, 1,22 and
324 Fourth Avenue in the heart of the financial district.
'The history of this institution is the record of success
founded upon correct business principles and wise
management. 'The business began May 12, [884, in the

the bank's own money and capital was insufficient, and
the capital stock was increased until to-day it is $600,-
000, with a surplus of $700,000 and undivided profits of
$150,000. The deposits are $3,500,000, and the loans
83.700,000. 'This bank has always shown a steady, uni­
form advancement in securing its part of the improved
business of Pittsburgh. It went through the memorable
financial panic of 1873 with flying colors.
Luring the extraordinary conditions that existed in
the stringency of [893 and [894 the scarcity of money
was such that not only banks, but cities actually sus­
pended payment, and banks were obliged to resort to the
practice of allowing a
m an to

T II E S T 0 R_Y Q F 1' I 'T T S I'• I R G B D
liabilities. Ion, vice-] (resident: A. C. Knox, vice-president; W. S.
Capital stock $4,000,000.00 Mitchell, cashier; B. W. Lewis, assistant cashier: A. W.
Surplus and undivided profits 2,264,580.67 McEldowney, assistant cashier, while the directors are:
Circulating notes 3.920,500.00 Andrew W. Mellon, Henry C. Frick, Henry C. McEl-
Deposits ji 633 194.78 downey, James IT Lockhart, James M. Schoonmaker,
Benjamin F. Jones, Jr., Richard B. Mellon, Henr)
$41,818,275.45 Phipps, William G. Lark. Henry C. Low nes, David E.
Lark, George T. Whitney. Alfred C. Knox, William N.
Since its incorporation the deposits have grown from Frew, Robert Pitcairn, George E. Shaw, |hn B. Finley,
$8,000,000 to more than $30,000,000, and the total re- William B. Schiller. J. Marshall Lockhart and Walter S.
sources of the bank now exceed $41,000,000. Mitchell.
'The resources are so large that the bank has never re­
fused accommodation to any customer. METROPOLITAN NATIONAL LANK This in-
Although the bank has been paying dividends for stitution, at Forty-first and Butler Streets, has a capital
some time, and its large capital calls for heavy disburse- of .8400,000. with surplus and undivided profits of $374,-
ments on this account, the earnings have been sufficient to
create a surplus fund of $1,700,000 and leave a consider­
able fund for undivided profit.
'The remarkable growth of the bank has been due to
the ability of its officers, all of whom are active in the
management, anil to the financial strength and varied interests
of its directors who form one of the strongest
bodies of capitalists in the country. It is true that their
interests are mainly connected with steel and kindred
branches, but thev have, individually, many other in­
terests.
While the officers do not boast of past accomplish­
ments, nor prophesy of the future, it is confidently predicted
that the bank will soon be one of the ten big banks
of the country, as it is now one of twenty.
The officers are A. W. Mellon, president; R. B. Mel-
METROPOLITAN NATIONAL BANK I'.l'l I.I 1IX1
868. The original capital was $200,000. 'The bank was
organized by the consolidation of the Metropolitan Bank
and the Allegheny Homestead Lank, both institutions being
individually liable. In business at Forty-third and
Butler Streets for ^2 years, it increased the capital stockin
1903 to $400,000, and removed to its new bank" building
mi the old street car stables site. Forty-first and Butler
Streets, in 1 904.
In conjunction with the National Lank, the Metropolitan
Savings & 'Trust Co. was organized in 1905 with
a capital of $125,000. 'This bank has about 1,200 depositors
and receives savings accounts only, paying four
per cent, interest.
A foreign department was added for the purchase
and sale of foreign exchange and steamship tickets, also
a safe deposit vault for the general use of the public,

T 11 E S Y O F S B U R G I
having both small and
equipped to take care of
for sin ni peril ids.
irge boxes to rent, and fully
special packages and valuables
I he Metropolitan National Lank has about 1,600 active
accounts on its 1 ks and receives on deposit small
amounts as readily as larger ones. The bank does a
large commercial business and takes care of a great many
of the pay-rolls for the business men of its district.
I he present executive officers
of the Metropolitan Na­
tional Lank are : C. L. Llaccus,
president; Robert Ostermaier,
vice-president, and George Seebick,
cashier.
TUT: PEOPLES' NA­
TIONAL LANK OF PITTS­
BURGH—Feeling the need of
a strong financial institution in
Pittsburgh solely for commercial
banking, several leading
Pittsburgh gentlemen met No­
vember 20, [864, in the rooms
of the Iron Association in
Fourth Avenue for the purpose
of organizing a national bank.
Among these were the most
prominent iron and steel men
in Pittsburgh, including John
W. Chalfant, B. F. Jones,
James Lark. Jr., George Black.
Byron II. Painter, George W.
Hailman, Samuel Lea, David
E. Park, Barclay Preston,
Frank Rahm, Joseph Mc-
Knight, James I. B e 11 n e t t,
Thomas J. Hoskinson, William
Rea. W. A. Rogers and Mark
W. Watson, the latter being
now the sole survivor of that
notable gathering.
'The name selected was
"The Peoples' National Bank
of Pittsburgh," whicli. for
more than 40 years, has been
mie of the strongest institutions
of the country. The amount
of capital was fixed at $1,000,-
000. While the privilege was retained to increase this
amount to $2,000,000, the original capital has never
been changed. Samuel Lea was elected first president,
and Franklin AT Gordon cashier.
Through the courtesy of the Citizens' Insurance Company,
the board met tor some time in that company's
offices until a temporary location was secured at First
PEOPLES' NATIONAL BANK IU'ILIiIXi
only $1,500 was paid. A lot for a bank building was
purchased in Fourth Avenue, but later the property now
owned at 401; Wood Street was purchased, and the
Fourth Avenue property was sold. A two-story bank
building was started, and when finished was looked upon
as one of the ornamental structures of the citv. This
property was occupied until 1901, when the adjoining
property was purchased from the Western Insurance
Company. In 1905 both build­
ings were remodeled, and the
Peoples' National Bank now
occupies a fine banking room,
48 feet front and 120 feet
deep, at 409-41 1 Wood Street.
From the start the bank
did a profitable business, and
in less than a year after its or­
ganization it declared a dividend
of 6 per cent, mi its capital
stock.
The bank's deposits, as
shown by the statement of October
1, 1865, were $310,000;
October 1, 1870, $507,000;
October 1, 1880, $607,000;
October 1. 1890, $2,231,000:
October 1, 1895, $3-456.ooo;
December 31, 1900, $8,762.-
000: December 31, 1905, $12,-
500,000; December 31, 1906,
$13,000,000. In addition to an
earned surplus and undivided
profits of $1,600,000, the Peoples'
National has paid the
enormous sum of $3,580,000 in
dividends.
The present officers and directors
are: President. Rob­
ert Wardrop; vice-president.
I). E. Park; cashier. Hervev
Schumacher; assistant cashier
and secretary, W. Dwight Bell;
assistant cashier, S. Clarke
Reed; directors, Robert War-
drop, B. F. Jones, Jr., Edward
E. Duff. I). Leet Wilson. W.
D. George. ITS. A. Stewart,
George W. Crawford, D. E.
Park, Henry Chalfant. George C. Davis, J. Painter, Jr.,
I). McK. Lloyd. W. L. Clause and Benjamin Thaw.
SECOND N A TIONAI. L A N K OF PITTS­
BURGH—The Second National Lank of Pittsburgh.
mie ol the oldest in Pittsburgh and foremost in Pennsylvania,
has a record of uninterrupted growth of more than
Avenue and Wood Street, for which a yearly rental of thirty years that is probably unparalleled for a strictlv

S T O L A ' O F L I T T S B I" R (
commercial bank. Its development into a leading Tman- Bughman, President; Win. AT Conway, Vice-President;
cial institution has been from within and not from with- Thomas W. Welsh, Jr., Vice-President; James AT Young,
out through the purchase and absorption of other insti- Cashier; Brown A. Patterson, Assistant Cashier. Directutions.
It was organized in December, 1863, and rep- tors: Henry C. Bughman, President; Robert D. EIw 1,
resented the conversion of the old [ron City Trust Com- of R. I). Elwood & Co.: ('has. W. Friend, of Clinton
pany, established in 1859, into the national banking sys- [ron & Steel Co.; William AT Kennedy, of Commontem'
wealth 'Trust Company; James S. Kuhn, President Pitts-
Hie original capital of $300,000 remained unchanged burgh Bank for Savings: William McConway, of Alcunlil
November, 1901, when 3.000 shares of new stock Conway & Torley Co.; Frank C. Osburn, Attorney at
were issued and subscribed for at $700 a share. The Law; Edward B. Taylor, Vice-President Pennsylvania
capital was increased to $600,000, and the premium of Company; Frank S. Willock, President Tarentum Paper
$1,800,000. realized from selling new stock, was added ALUs; T. I). Chautler, Attorney at Law; W. L. Curry,
to surplus. 'The bank's business has been uniformly Capitalist.
pr< ispen his.
The bank built its present home at Ninth Street and THE UNION NATIONAL LANK OF PITTS-
Liberty Avenue in [876. Additional stories and improve- BURGH—The Union National Lank in its present form
ments added since have made this one of the most com- is the result of the consolidation of the interests of two
plete plants 111 America. 0f tne oldest, most substantial and conservative financial
I he Second National is essentially a bank of deposit institutions of the citv; namely, N. Holmes & Sons, and
and discount. It issues commercial and travelers' letters the Union National Bank. 'The former was established
of credit, travelers' checks and drafts available all over in [822, and continued its existence uninterruptedly, the
the world, and transacts a general banking business. It oldest private banking house in the citv until July, 1905.
has never been associated with underwriting schemes or when it was consolidated with the Union National Lank.
operations which belong exclusively to promoters of |t had previously itself absorbed the banking house of
financial syndicates; therefore, it can deal with any bank- \\'. R. Thompson & Co. in 1900.
ing proposition strictly upon its merits. It has a well- The Union National Bank began business in a very
deserved reputation for taking care of its customers in all modest way as the Diamond Savings Institution, with a
kinds of financial weather, and it is hardly probable that capital paid in of $1,500, representing 300 shares with
the future will contain more severe tests than those sue- $5 paid mi each share. In [903, its success having been
cessfully met in its long career. It has a large connec- so continuous and substantial, the capital was increased
timi with country banks and bankers, which has been to $500,000, the new shares selling at $1,000. In 1905
built up and maintained solely upon the services ren- the capital was again increased to .8600.000. the one
dered—the most liberal consistent with sound banking thousand new shares being sold at $1,300. From the
principles. It is a depository of the United States Gov- beginning, under both State and National charters, the
eminent, of the State of Pennsylvania and of the city of rate ,,f dividend has never been less than 10 per cent..
Pittsburgh. Its statement in 1907 showed: an,l js now 40 per cent, regular, with an occasional 11.
per cent, extra. It has a surplus fund of $5,000,000,
RESOURCES. . . ' ......
deposits amounting to $7,784,594.80, and undivided
Loans and discounts $7,642,07^.88 c , „. ., , ' _,,
v/ ^ '° profits ot $179,886.58.
Investment securities 4,676,6^1.76 „.. . . , . , • . c , . .
^ ' -1 ' I he president t the Diamond Savings Institution
United States bonds 1,000.000.00 , , ,,.., ,.,, , . ,,' rT • M
was Adam Wilson. At the change to the Union Na-
Prenmims 7I>3I2-5° tjonal !!ank john R McCune I father of vice-president
Bankinj? House ^00,000.00 T ,, -, • .-. • , ,•< , • , ,, 000
*s "uuai -1 f. R, McCune) was president until his death 111 1888.
United States Treasurer 32.500.00 ^ ^ ]r. wag succeede{, by R s Smith] the present jn_
Cash and due from banks 3.782.214.13 cumbenti who had been cashier from ,859 to that date.
T. R. McCune became vice-president in 1905, having
•P 7>b 4>/5 / been a director for smne years before that date, and
liabilities. having bad a prior practical training in the bank. J. 1)
Caoital stock $1,800,000.00 T ', •, . • T , „ , ., , ,
^c'l"uu • L wv T Lyon became vice-president 111 July, 1905. when the bank-
Surplus 2,000.000.00 ing house of x Holmes & Sons was' consolidated, he
Undivided profits 257,406.55 having been a partner jn that firm as he had been in the
Circulation 650,000.00 fim q{ w r Thompson & Co C p 1)ean entered the
Deposits T2./9/>345-7- L*nj, m National Lank in [866, became assistant cashier
in 1873, cashier in 1888 when R. S. Smith became presi-
$T7o°4-7.-i2-2/ c|enti a pOSition which he still holds together with the
'The officers and directors are as follows: Henry C. office of vice-president to which he was elected in 1905.
,i.i

M s 'I" ( ) Y 0 F s U R G II
George AT Laden entered the bank in 1873. and was
elected ass,-taut cashier in [888. W. W. Bell was elected
assistant cashier in 1005, prior to that date having been
cashier of N. Holmes & Sons, which house he entered
in 1872.
To the careful conservative management
bank's affairs by its officers and directorate i:
small share of its success. All
men of sterling business ethics.
any institution would be honored
and its efficiency augmented
by their counsel and ruling.
The directors are: Tims. AT
Armstrong. Adam Wilson, John
11. Wilson, I iiiibin I [orne, John
R. McCune, Win. M. Lees.
Johns AlcCleave. Jas. H. Lockhart.
R. S. Smith. I I. lx. Porter.
H. J. Hem/.. Robt. A. ()rr,
|. I). Lyon, Nathaniel Holmes.
C. F. Dean. Frank Semple, H.
I Arlington, I T Lee Mason, Jr.,
T'rank A. McCune, Jno. Worth-
inerti in.
THE UNION NATIONAL
BANK OF NEW BRIGHTON,
|> \.— It is really true that banks
in the so-called smaller cities are
larger and of greater importance
than are popularly supposed.
1 lardlv do dwellers in the large
citv realize the stability and security
of smne of the country
banks. Yet when the test comes,
the facts of the case are very
evident. More than mice, in
times of stress and stringency,
when pretentious metropolitan
institutions have either toppled
or temporarily suspended, the
prudently conducted bank in the
outlying district has st 1 undisturbed,
not troubled at all. but
fully retaining and justifying the
utmost confidence of its patrons
and depositors. An excellent exemplification
of the strength
and advantages of a near suburban
o| the
due no
1 II
«•'" III
• H II u
III n II !' jjj
,111II .11 S.lUnj
11 USE it Mini
• •1
*
I'N'ION N.VI'HIXAI. HANK BUILDING
tanking institution
is the Union National Lank of New Brighton, Pennsylvania.
Ably managed by men of far-reaching experience
in banking, this bank has every facility, every
safeguard, every modern convenience.
Essentially, banking is a close, confidential relation be­
tween the officers and directors ol a bank and its patrons.
The banker who knows a customer personally so well as
to be certain that his confidence is not misplaced, is in
a position to extend, to the advantage of all concerned,
accommodations that otherwise could not be afforded.
The Union National Lank of New Brighton is noted for
its courteous, fair and considerate treatment of custom­
ers, yet the carefulness and fidelity of its officers are
attested by the fact that from all causes whatsoever the
total losses of the bank in over
16 years amount to less than
$250.
The prosperity of a bank,
nearly always, indicates the
thrift of the community. Business
conditions in New Brighton
and vicinity are such as
keep constantly in circulation
large amounts of money. In
the exercise of its proper functions
the Union National Lank
performs important and appreciated
service. R i g h t 1 y, the
"Union National" restricts itself
to local business. But it receives
collections from, and
makes collections in, all parts oi
the United States, giving in this
respect a prompt and efficient
service. It allows interest on
time deposits, if left for six
months or more, either on certificates
or savings accounts.
'The Union National Bank
of New Brighton was organized
mi April 20. [891, with a capital
of $50,000. To meet the
demands of a greatly enlarged
business, the capitalization was
subsequently increased to $100-
000. Its present surplus and
undivided profits are $92,224.-
96. At the time of making its
last report, it was custodian ol
deposits amounting to $455.-
•I'l TSDURGH
318.95, and the sum of its resources
was $751,188.53.
The officers of the Union
National Lank of New Brighton
are: C. AT Merrick, President:
E. IT Seiple, Vice-President; (Iemge L. Hamilton,
Cashier, and A. L. Bingham, Assistant Cashier. On its
directorate are some of the best known and most
responsible and highly respected citizens of New
Brighton, namely: C. AT Merrick, President of the
Standard Horse Nail Company: L. 11. Seiple. Treasurer
of the Standard Horse Nail Company; W. C. Simpson.
Physician; John A. Jackson, of Butler & fackson.

T I S () R Y () F R G II 35
Clothiers; W. A. Myler, 'Treasurer of the Standard servative bankers deplored the movement and did what
Sanitary Manufacturing Company; L. B. McDanel, they could to check it; but the speculative wave that
President of the R. B. McDanel Company; Edward Followed the launching of the United States Steel (
Blount, Grocer
poration in Wall Street swept over the country, and in
Possessing, as its officers and directors do, the esteem Pittsburgh, as elsewhere, caught up bank and trust company
stocks. 'The receding of the tide carried this class
and confidence of the community, thev give to the bank
additional influence and usefulness; prosperous and re­
sourceful, the institution is typical of the district in which
it is located; its importance extends beyond county boundaries;
it is the custodian and accumulator of wealth;
of stock's to the lowest ebb in their history, although, as
already stated, the banks and trust companies of Pittsburgh
were never stronger in surplus and profits than
thev are to-day, and never transacted a more Strictly
as a factor in the conservation of the prosperity of the legitimate business. The effects of the collapse of the
State and the nation, the Union National Lank of New boimi lell upon the individual speculators and not upon
Brighton is adding, year by year, to its honorable record. the institutions themselves
TRUST COMPANIES
ORGANIZATIONS THAT HAVE IN RECENT YEARS SUCCESSFULLY
ENTERED THE HANKING FIELD
I he first trust company in Pittsburgh was chartered
in 1867, the year following the organization of the Pitts­
burgh Clearing House Association, but the character of
its business was almost exclusively that of trustee and
custodian of valuables for safe keeping. Nearly twentyone
years elapsed before the second trust company was
organized, and so recently as 1890 the total resources
of the trust companies of Pittsburgh amounted to only
$[,848,900. In 1895 the number had increased to five,
and the total resources to $5,914,477. In [900 there
were nine companies doing business with total capital of
$5,125,000 and total resources of $25,437,419. The
ensuing live years witnessed the remarkable expansion
in the banking field already referred to, and at the close
of 1905 there were no less than 39 trust companies in
existence having total capital of $27,223,000, total surplus
and profits of $50,569,000, and total resources of
$157,203,000. In the year [905 the capital and surplus
of the trust companies were $36,000,000 larger than the
capital and surplus of the national banks of the city,
although the total deposits of the national banks were
still double the deposits of the trust companies, and total
resources were $85,000,000 larger than those of the trust
ci impanies.
Since [905 the tendency has been toward a reduction
in the number of trust companies, and during the years
1906 and 1907 mergers and voluntary liquidation have
taken five from the field. While the effect has been a
decrease of about $4,500,000 in capital stock' outstanding.
the growth of the existing companies has brought the
aggregate resources up to the maximum in the history
of the citv. and the addition to surplus and profits has
more than offset the decrease in capital.
During the speculative boom of 1901-03. prices of
trust company shares rose to a premium of from $50
to $2,500 over par. Every new issue offered was quickly
oversubscribed, and the books were no sooner closed
than subscriptions advanced to a high premium. ( on-
THE COLONIAL TRUST COMPANY—One of
the largest trust companies in Pittsburgh, possessing
banking facilities unsurpassed, offering the utmost security
combined with advantages really greater than can
In.' obtained elsewhere. 'The Colonial I rust Company is a
financial institution of colossal strength, additionally distinguished
by good management.
I he Colonial Trust Company is an aggregation of
banking interests, a svstem of arrangements so perfect,
so comprehensive, so far-reaching as to afford both to
its customers and to the company almost unlimited opportunities
to transact, expeditiously and with the best results,
any business however large or complicated that
pertains, legitimately, t< > modern financial operations.
Under one roof, to practically any extent its banking,
savings, trust, stock transfer, bond and safe deposit de­
partments are prepared to care for every financial need,
either individual or cm-porate. Each department is under
the direct and most careful supervision of an officer
ol the company, and nothing has been, is or will be,
ignored or undone that will enable the company the
belter to meet every requirement.
The Colonial Trust Company is a product of Pittsburgh's
remarkable commercial expansion. Coming into
existence at a time of unprecedented monetary activity,
mi January 30, 1902. with a capital of $1,000,000 and
the promise oi greater things, 'The Colonial Trust Company
stepped at mice into unquestioned prominence. AT
l\. AlcAlullin, Joshua Rhodes, William blinn. lames C.
Chaplin and James S. Kuhn were its incorporators. The
first officers of the company were Joshua Rhodes, President;
James C. Chaplin, Vice-President, and Homer ('.
Stewart. Secretary and Treasurer. The first Board of
Directors was constituted as follows: William Llinn,
James C. Chaplin, George II. Flinn, AT L. AlcAlullin,
Joshua Lhodes, E. C. Converse. W. H. Latshaw. James
S. Kuhn. George W. Darr and Charles S. Fairchild. The
growth f 'The Colonial Trust Company has been but little
less than marvelous. Not only did it experience
prosperity, Tint it soon absorbed strong, long established
rival institutions. On .March 0, 1902. it announced an
increase of its capitalization to Si.500,000. Then was

T 11 E () R Y O F
made known its purchase of the capital stock ol the
Freehold Lank, a reliable and well known State institution.
'Through the Freehold Lank, which 'The Colonial
Trust Company now operates in the Fourth Avenue end
of the Colonial Building, accrue to the company and its
customers special advantages in the discounting ol com­
mercial paper. The second accession was the t ity I rust
Company. 'This occurred on May 22, 1902, at which
tune the capital of 'The Colonial 'Trust was increased
to $2,000,000. All the business of the City 'Trust Company
was taken over by the Colonial. On January 7,
[903, the directors of the Colonial Trust Company organized
the Colonial National Lank, a majority of the
stock of which was held by the company. On August
15. 1903, was effected a merger with the American 'I rust
Company, which had previously obtained the ownership
of the Pennsylvania 'Trust Company, the Columbia National
Lank', the Tradesmen's National Lank, and the
( iermania Savings
Lanl

T H E S () R A' ( ) S i; u R G ii
company, and A. J. Kelly, Jr., president of the Commonwealth
Real Estate Company.
The trust company conducts a general and savings
bank business, paying liberal rates of interest on time
deposits, and also on active accounts. 'The company has
inaugurated a system of banking by mail, which enables
out-of-town depositors to transact their banking with as
much ease and convenience as though executed at the
office, and this system has met with great success.
In the trust department all
matters of fiduciary nature are
handled, such as administrator,
guardian, trustee, executor, re­
ceiver and trustee in bankruptcy.
When the last statement was published,
the trust funds aggregated
$1,331,000. 'Trusteeships were
under corporation mortgages;
deeds of trust for securities held
amounted to $15,570,000.
For the safe-keeping of valuables,
important papers and securities,
one of the finest safe deposit
vaults in the world is provided.
This vault is made of
armor plate composed of Harveyized
nickel steel, and contains
more than a thousand safe deposit
boxes. It is absolutely secure
against mob, fire and burglars.
The substantial character of
this company may be seen in its
official personnel—all men well
known for their high standing in
financial and business circles.
They are: President, John W.
Herron; \Tice-Presidents, Samuel
Laile. Jr., and A\rilliam M. Kennedv;
Secretary and Treasurer,
George D. Edwards; Assistant
Secretary, William G. Gundel-
ringer; Trust Officer, George H.
Stengel.
F I D E L I T Y TITLE &
TRUST CO.—The Fidelity Title
& Trust Co., although it has been in business but
a little over twenty-one years, is to-day one of the
strongest, and at the same time one of the most con-
servative institutions of the kind between Philadelphia
and Chicago. The company was incorporated under the
laws of the State of Pennsylvania on November 2j.
1887, with an authorized capital stock of $500,000. This
capital stock was later increased to $1,000,000, which was
also found to be too small for the rapidly growing busi-
ness and was subsequently increased to $2,000,000, which
is the authorized capital stock of the institution to-day.
'The surplus is about $3,000,000, and the undivided
profits over $2,137,000.
'The company has a fine place of business at 341-343
Fourth Avenue, where every convenience and comfort is
provided tor its customers. A general banking business
is conducted, two per cent, being allowed on deposits
subject to checT
COMMONWEALTH TRUST COMPANY
four per cent, on all savings deposits.
'The company also makes a
speciality of issuing letters of
credit, drafts and travelers'
checks, all of which can readily
be converted into cash, not only
in any part of the United States,
but in any part of the entire
world. Foreign exchange is
computed and sold for the benefit
of parties going abroad, thus
saving considerable time, inconvenience
and expense upon arrival
in foreign countries.
The company acts as executor,
administrator, guardian,
assignee, receiver, and, in fact,
in all trust capacities, and the
trust department makes a specialty
of adjusting business and
bankrupt estates, as well as serving
in the same capacity in the
estates of the deceased. During
life it receives and holds in trust
wills, and attends to the estate
after death.
A large armor plate safe deposit
vault is contained in the
building for the convenience of
depositors and others wishing to
place their valuables in a secure
place, and boxes of all sizes are
to be obtained.
John B. Jackson is president
of the company; James J. Don-
nell, Robert Pitcairn and C. S.
Gray, vice-presidents; John Mc-
Gill, secretary; C. E. Willock,
treasurer; J. A. Knox, assistant secretary and treasurer;
C. S. Grav, trust officer; A. F. Benkart and Malcolm Mc-
Giffin, assistant trust officers, and Thomas R. Robinson,
auditor. 'The directorate is composed of John B. Jackson,
James H. Reed, Albert H. Childs, Wilson A. Shaw,
James J. Donnell, H. S. A. Stewart, David B. Oliver, Edward
T. Dravo. Reuben Miller. D. Leet Wilson, Robert
Pitcairn, John R. McGinley, Frank Semple. C. S. Gray
and L Stuart Brown. William H. McClung is solicitor.

tS T 11 s (> R A' ( ) I T T S B U R G II
Figures tell the real story of a great financial corn-
pan) like the Fidelity more eloquently and potently than
words. To these numerals investors turn, to them the
prospective depositor casts his eve and critically analyzes
the columns as thev are arrayed before him, weighing
the argument thev are intended to convey.
When it is considered that the resources of
F i d e 1 i t y 'Title ix- 'Trust Co.
amount to the grand total ol
$16,619,866.44, it requires a
small array of words to drive
the point of argument home.
Included in this amount are investment
securities owned by
the company amounting to $5,-
760,083.86, all gilt edge, worth
t h e i r f a c e value to-day if
thrown upon the market under
adverse conditions. Then there
are call loans, perfectly and
safely covered by collateral,
amounting to $7,895,692.85.
These items convey only a partial
argument for the good reason
that the total sum of the
resources reach the figures set
forth above—$16,619,866.44.
In conjunction with the figures
is the progressive yet conservative
management of the
officers, which contributes to
the solidity and surety of the
company and encompasses the
depositors with every safeguard
that is known to legitimate
financiering. President
Jackson is in constant touch
with all the great institutions
of the country, reaching out to
every citv of consequence, and
as a result is conversant with
every movement that tends to
depreciate or enhance the stability
of his institution.
Tin
This information, w h i c h
President Jackson invariably
turns to account, is of incalculable
value to those contemplating
creating trusts or placing wills on deposit with the
company under which it has been appointed as executor.
THE GUARANTEE TITLE & TRUST CO.—The
history of this company is one of growth. On August
11. 1890, the date of its organization, the capital stockamounted
to $125,000. In 1902 this was increased to
$250,000, and a surplus of $50,000 created. Again in
FIDELITY TITLE & TRUST COMPANY
1903, to meet the demands of increasing business, the
capital was increased to $750,000, and the surplus to
$550,000. From the date of its organization until June
1, 190s. the company transacted a title and abstract business,
the banking and trust department being added at
that time. 'The stock was so largely over-subscribed that
it was decided to make the capital stock $1,000,000, and
the surplus $825,000. At the
present time the capital is $1.-
000,000, surplus and profits,
$880,000.
Dividends are paid at the
rate of six per cent, per annum.
'The increases in capitalization
made possible the purchases by
the Guarantee Title & Trust
Co. of the Iron City National
Bank, the Moreland Trust
Company, and the Standard
Security Trust Company, a
combination that added greatly
to the strength of the former
institution. With the Iron City
National Bank the Guarantee
acquired its present bankinghouse
and became an active
trust company in all departments,
having previously been
a title guarantee company. At
a later time it purchased the
deposits of the Mortgage
Banking Company, and the
J H S J H
complete business of the Equitable
Trust Company, including
all its assets. The company is
in the hands of one of the
strongest business elements in
wester n Pennsylvania, its
board of directors representing
many of the leading interests
of the Pittsburgh district.
As a result of negotiations
closed November 26, 1906, the
Guarantee Title & Trust Co.
absorbed the Home Trust Company,
its building and assets.
The negotiations which led to
the merger were conducted by
the president of the absorbing company, Joseph R. Paull,
and a committee of the Home Trust Company, who arranged
options and terms for the transfer. The result to
the Guarantee will be deposits of over $5,200,000, and a
reorganized board of directors. A number of the Home
'Trust Company directors will be elected to the Guarantee
board to take places voluntarily made vacant by resignation
to further strengthen the institution. A glance at

T H E S T O R A' n t s U R G I 39
the list of directors will prove the stability of the concern.
Its executive officers are as follows: President,
Joseph R. Paull; vice-presidents, John Bindley, Robert J.
Davidson and Samuel H. McKee; secretary and treasurer,
Alexander Dunbar.
Tn the company's statement last December the resources
were $7,340,215.27, as follows: Cash on hand,
$IS4i7OI-3I; (lue from other banks, $774,380.39; commercial
and other papers, $1,318,108.23; call loans on
collateral, $934,777.21; time loans on collateral, $837,-
786.65; loans on bonds and mortgages, $95,365.25.
IRON CITY TRUST COMPANY—'The Iron City
'Trust Company was established June, 1901. when its
charter was issued. Its capital to-day is $2,000,000, and
its surplus $600,000. Its officers are William L. Abbott.
president; George E.
McCague, vice-president;
Charles N.
Hanna, vice-president;
Edward H o o p e s,
v i c e-president a n d
secretary; I). I. Parkinson,
treasurer;
Charles N. Wake, assistant
secretary;
Daniel E. Crane, assistant
treasurer; Willis
F. McCook, general
counsel, and
Ralph Longenecker,
solicitor.
The c o m panv's
place of business is in
the Westing house
Building, first floor,
corner of Penn Avenue
and Ninth Street.
The company keeps on deposit for its own account
funds in every large city of Europe, and through its
established connections is able to remit money to. or collect
money from, any place in the world.
It was formed by persons interested in the real estate
business, anil at first operated along those lines. In January,
1903, William L. Abbott was elected president.
The following April the capital stock was increased from
$r,000,000 to $2,000,000. From this time the policy of
the company was gradually changed until at the present
time the company has eliminated the real estate business
from its sphere of activities.
During the past two years the company has been engaged
in building up a business in the buying and selling
of high-grade corporation bonds for investment. It has
now a fully equipped bureau for investigation of such
securities and for the gathering of data in the service
of its customers.
INTERIOR GUARANTEE TITLE ^X TRUST COMPANY
The company has placed a number of issues of bonds
among its clients, all of them proving of the highest
intrinsic value and of stable market price.
William L. Abbott is the president, is one of the Carnegie
partners, having been at the time of his retirement
chairman of Carnegie, Phipps & Co., Ltd.
George E. McCague, one of the vice-presidents, was
also formerly of the Carnegie interests, and was until
recently traffic manager of the United States Steel Corp<
'ration.
Charles N. Hanna, another vice-president, resigned
as president of the wholesale dry-goods firm of Arbuthnot-Stephenson
Company to devote his whole time to the
affairs of the company.
Edward Hoopes, the third vice-president and secretary,
resigned the secretaryship and nil treasurership of the
Equitable 'Trust Company
to accept his
present office.
The treasurer, D.
I. Parkinson, has been
an employee from the
formation of the company,
having reached
his present office by
promotion from minor
employments.
The directors of
the c o m p a n v are:
William L. Abbott.
president; Charles N.
Hanna, vice-president;
George E. McCague,
capitalist; Willis F.
McCook. attorney at
law ; Ed w a r d A.
Woods, m an a ge r
Equitable Life Assurance
Society; Wallace H. Rovve, president Pittsburgh
Steel Company; Adam Wilson, president A.
& S. AA^ilson Company; Thomas McGinley, treasurer
Dnff Manufacturing Company; W. A. Nicholson, president
Hartley-Rose Belting Company; C. A. Painter, of
Scullv. Painter & Beech; James II. Park, director Crucible
Steel Company of America; Grant McCargo, president
Pennsylvania Lubricating Company; D. L. Gillespie,
of I). L. Gillespie & Co.; Charles W. Brown, vice-president
Pittsburgh Plate Class Company; John A. Topping.
president Republic Iron & Steel Co., and Edward Hoopes,
vice-president.
METROPOLITAN TRUST COMPANY—The
growth of trust companies in recent years in Pittsburgh,
both in number and in popularity, has been remarkable.
One of the recently organized institutions of this class
that has met with great success is the Metropolitan Trust

1' I T II E s ( ) lx o s B U R G H
Company at 4740 Liberty Avenue. Pittsburgh. The card thanking its patrons for their liberal patronage and
people of Bloomfield have always had confidence in this announcing the election of C. L. Flaccus, of the C. L.
institution, but this confidence was strengthened by the Flaccus Class Company, as president, and Robert Osterrecent
passage of a law which provides for the creation maier as vice-president. The officers and directors now
and maintenance of a reserve fund by State banks and are Robt. Ostermaier, vice-president; Henry Daub, vicetrust
companies. Under this act every corporation re- president; John J. Dauer, secretary and treasurer.
ceiving deposits shall at all times have on hand a reserve
fund of at least 15 per cent, of the aggregate of all its PITTSBURGH TRUST COMPANY—Occupying
immediate demand liabilities. 'The whole of such reserve a premier place among the solid financial institutions that
may, and at least one-third must, consist of either law- have contributed to the name and fame of the great infill
money of the United States, gold certificates, silver dustrial citv of western Pennsylvania, is the Pittsburgh
AX UNUSUAL VIEW OF FOURTH AVENUE AND Wool. STREET, TAKEN BEFORE THE ERECTION OF THE BUILDING'
ol- I'lli: UNION BANK AND Till-: COMMONWEALTH TRUST COMPANY
certificates, notes or bills issued bv any lawfully organized
national banking association or clearing-house certificates.
One-third or any part thereof may consist of bonds of
the United States, State of Pennsylvania, or those issued
in compliance with the law by any citv. county or borough
of Pennsylvania, also bonds that are now or hereafter
may be authorized by law as legal investments.
1 he balance of the reserve fund may consist of moneys
Trust Company, at 7,27, Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh. The
company is one that, through the efficiency and ability of
its officers and directors, has forged its place to the front
ranks and repeatedly distinguished itself for the conservatism
which its thousands of depositors openly approve
and admire.
Like the chief officer of a modern ocean steamer. Mr.
J. I. Buchanan, president of the institution, is always
mi deposit subject to call ,n any bank or company of the prepared for storms, with the result that when financial
ama which shall have been approved flurries do come, the Pittsburgh 'Trust Company proceeds
by the Commissioner of Banking.
'The Metropolitan Trust Company recenth
serenely on its way unaffected by adverse currents and
issued a tempestuous winds.

H E S T O R Y ()
Being so carefully and ably managed it has a lofty
place in the estimation of the people at large, and is used
as a depository by all classes—the artisan who forges
steel, the laborer wdio is chary of his savings, and the
multi-millionaire who seeks a safe place for his steadily
accumulating wealth.
It is this cosmopolitan composition of patrons that has
given to the Pittsburgh Trust Company its wide-spread
influence and remarkable prestige, that no panic or eruption
in the money market can weaken.
Growing steadily with the expanding industries of
Pittsburgh, keeping pace with progressive ideas, liberally
dealing with merchants and financiers requiring loans,
the company has attained the prominence that excites
genuine admiration and pardonable pride of not only
those directly intrusted in its management and success,
but by the city as well.
It is one of the strong institutions of the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania—as strong as the gigantic steel
beams and girders forged by the smoke-grimed mills of
the city known the world over for its marvelous achievements
in iron and wonderful wealth.
The officers and directors of the company invariably
pass upon all loans and investments, at the time they are
made, and the institution is subject to audit by the State
Bank Examiner and by a Certified Public Accountant,
and subject also to a bimonthly inspection of securities
and collaterals at irregular periods. In conjunction with
these safeguards, what are termed "surprise inspections"
are made at intervals by the Public Accountant, when his
presence is not anticipated, thus making assurance doubly
sure.
'The list of officers and directors, which follows, is a
representative one. Officers : J. I. Buchanan, president;
S. H. Vandergrift, vice-president; D. Gregg McKee,
treasurer; B. H. Smyers, secretary; W. D. Jones, assistant
secretary and treasurer. Directors: J. I. Buchanan,
Henry Buhl, Jr., S. II. Vandergrift, Willis L. King. Geo.
M. Laughlin, W. P. Snyder, B. F. Jones, Jr., George E.
Tener, Chas. H. Hays.
Statement and condition October 31, 1907:
RESOURCES.
Reserve—Cash and due from banks.... $1,457,063.30
(Reserve required by law, $711,016.58)
Demand Loans—Secured by collateral
and payable on call 3^25>H7-92
Total $5,282,180.72
More than the entire amount of deposits
subject to check.
Bonds—Convertible into cash on short notice,
if necessary 5,816,622.91
Total $11,098,803.63
P l T T S B U R G H 4'
Brought forward $i 1.098,803.63
Over twice the demand deposits and
more than all the actual liabilities.
'Time Loans—On collateral and commercial
paper 3o02o°4-55
Real Estate Loans—Secured by first lien
mortgages 1,198,287.00
Miscellaneous Assets—Accrued interest
not due $203,500.07
Real estate, vault and fixtures
456,190.64
Accounts 2,947.28
662,637.99
Mortgages held for mortgage participation
certificates 213,250.00
'Total resources $16.735.543-l8
LIABILITIES.
Deposits—Subject to check, most of which
bear 2 per cent, interest $4,368,891.95
Savings—bearing 4 per cent, interest
and subject to withdrawal only on
prior notice 4-603,495.51
'Time Deposits—Not included in above. 1,203,904.86
Total deposits $10,176,292.32
Mortgage Participation Certificates—
Outstanding 213,250.00
'Treasurer's Checks—Outstanding 27,719.21
Quarterly Dividend No. 48—Of 5 per
cent., due November 1st 100,000.00
Dividend Checks—Outstanding 1.490.00
Actual liabilities $10,518,751.53
Capital stock $2,000,000.00
Surplus 2,000,000.00
Undivided profits 2,216,791.65
Excess of assets over liabilities 6,216,791.65
$16,735,543.18
THE SAFE DEPOSIT & TRUST CO. OF PITTS­
BURGH—A repository of delegated authority, a corporation
empowered to accept and execute all trusts recognized
or permitted by law, the oldest trust company in
western Pennsylvania and one of the strongest and best.
is the Safe Deposit & Trust Co. of Pittsburgh.
In the development and growth of the corporation is
significantly expressed the increasing confidence which
the company inspires. Incorporated on January 24, 1867.
under a perpetual charter, its original capital was $100,-
000, with the accorded privilege of an increase to $500,-
000. In the beginning the company was known as the
Safe Deposit Company of Pittsburgh. The first officers

-u T 11 E S T O Y O F T S B U R G • H
ol the company were: William Phillips, President and
Sidney T. \ on Bonnhorst, Secretary and Treasurer.
In [878 the charter was amended so as to permit the
company to act in a fiduciary capacity. In 1884 a change
in the name made it the Safe Deposit & Trust Co. of
Pittsburgh. 'The Safe Deposit & Trust Co. of Pittsburgh
prospered so that the expansion in 1901 of its capitalization
to $1,000,000 was very advisable. Early in
1903, at which time the capital of the Safe Deposit &
I rust ( 0. of Pittsburgh was increased from $1,000,000
to $2,000,000, a co-operative plan was formulated by
the Safe Deposit & Trust Co. and the Peoples' Savings
Bank; as the result of this agreement part of the increase
of the capital of the 'Trust
Company was used to purchase
the stock of the Peoples' Savings
Lank; before the completion
of the purchase of the Peoples'
Savings Bank stock, negotiations
began for another extensii
m ; $ 1,000,000 111 o r e was
added to the capital of the 'Trust
Company, and with this was acquired
the stock of the Peoples'
National Lank; thus the Safe
Deposit & 'Trust Co. secured
and now owns the entire capital
stock of the Peoples' Savings
Bank and the Peoples' National
Bank. Each institution confines
its operations exclusively to the
privileges granted by its charter,
but all work together harmoniously
under practically the same
management. In addition to its
capital of $3,000,000, the Safe
Deposit & 'Trust Co. of Pittsburgh
now has a surplus of $7,-
500,000. 'The success which the
company has achieved for itself
is almost entirely due to the diligence,
vigilance and ability displayed
in safeguarding and advancing
customers.
The officers and directors of the Safe Deposit & Trust
Co. of Pittsburgh are as follows: Officers—D. McK.
Lloyd, President; 'Thomas Wightman, J. D. Lyon, Robert
Wardrop, Edward E. Duff, A^ice-Presidents; James K.
Duff, Secretary-Treasurer; A. P. Dysart, Assistant Secretary-Treasurer;
W. R. Errett, Trust Officer: Dale S.
Tate, Assistant Trust Officer; W. K. Brown, AJanao-er
Real Estate Department; Chas. W. Kiser, Manager Mortgage
Department; David R. Hill, Manager Bond Department;
J. A. Hummel, Manager Safe Deposit Department;
Sidney F. Murphy, Auditor; S. E. Hare, Assistant
Auditor. Directors—D. McK. Lloyd, Thomas AVHit-
I'.X'ION TRUST COMPANY
the interests of its
man, W. K. Shiras, J. D. Lyon, Geo. E. Painter, J. M.
Shields, I Ion. Edwin H. Stowe, W. J. Moorhead, Robert
Wardrop. Geo. W. Crawford, James K. Duff, Edward
E. Duff, J. Painter, Jr., D. Leet Wilson, D. Herbert
Hostetter, John II. Ricketson, Jr., T. H. B. McKnight,
Benjamin Thaw, Wm. D. George, Calvin Wells, Henrv
Chalfant, F. C. Perkins, Henry R. Rea.
THE UNION TRUST COMPANY—The business
of a trust company should be mi the highest and safest
plane of finance. Among the strongest monetary institutions
of Pittsburgh, precedence is accorded to the Union
Trust Company. Established in 1889, the Union Trust
Company to-day has the greatest
reserve strength of any single
bank or trust company in the
world. Reinforcing the company's
capital of $1,500,000 is a
colossal surplus fund of $21,,-
000,000. Solidified security is
further conferred by "Undivided
Profits" amounting to $1,081,-
569.77. Back of this tremendous
array of financial strength
and conservatism are men who
control huge industrial enterprises
that have spread Pittsburgh's
fame throughout the
civilized world.
The functions of a trust
company are: general banking.
acting as trustee, fiscal agent,
registrar, transfer agent, manager
of underwriting syndicates,
assignee and receiver, and conducting
safe deposit vaults. In
the Union Trust Company each
department is operated separately,
yet there is a co-ordination
of the work that makes the
whole system symmetrical and
especially complete. The bank­
ing department receives deposits payable on demand and
subject to check or payable at an agreed time, and
allows interest on all deposits. The faith and confidence
which the strength and excellent management
of the company inspire are shown by the immense
amounts deposited. On December 16, 1907, with the
Union Trust Company were:
Deposits subject to check $16,858,399.10
Deposits, special 4740.887.04
Due to the Commonwealth 300,000.00
Due to banks and bankers 2,131.371.52
$24,030,657.66

T H E S T C) R A' () F
the United States.
Added to the strength and resplendence of its resources
and management is the weight given to the company
by the especial importance of the directorate. The
officers and directors of the Union 'Trust Company are:
H. C. McEldowney, President; A. W. Mellon, Vice-
President; J. M. Schoonmaker, 2nd Vice-President;
Scott Hayes, Treasurer; J. H. Evans, /Assistant Treas­
urer; John A. Irwin. Secretary; James S. Carr, Assistant
Secretary; W. W. Smith, 2nd Assistant Secretary; Wm.
A. Robinson, 3rd Assistant Secretary; William I. Berryman,
Trust Officer; Carroll P. Davis, Assistant 'Trust
Officer; P. G. Cameron, Auditor.
The directors are: H. C. Frick, P. C. Knox, W. N.
Frew, D. E. Park, J. B. Finley, H. C. Fownes, II. C.
McEldownev. J. M. Schoonmaker, Wm. B. Schiller, B.
F. Jones, Jr., James H. Lockhart, A. W. Mellon, Geo. E.
Shaw, J. M. Lockhart. Henry Phipps, 'Thomas Morrison.
William G. Park, R. B. Mellon and E. C. Converse.
SAVINGS BANKS
S I! U R G 43
On the same date the total assets of the Union 'Trust institutions was launched during the darkest days of the
Company amounted to more than twice the sum of all Civil War, and two more came into existence on the
the deposits, or, in exact figures, $49,884,420.06. eve of the great panic of 1873. All of them are under
In the investment of trust funds, or the funds of the management of able and experienced bankers, and
estates, the Union Trust Company occupies a position none of them has ever been shaken by the financial
of the greatest prestige and advantage. Capable of per­ storms of the past. All of them have prospered, despite
forming the responsible duties of a trustee much more the keenness of competition in these latter years, and
satisfactorily than any individual could, the company had none has been tempted to depart from the safe course
at the time of making its report in December, 1907: by the success of more venturesome undertakings.
'Trust funds invested
Trust funds uninvested
$33,316,832.70
816,213.23
Pittsburgh is an ideal community for the savings
bank. A careful canvass was made in 1906 of the
amount of the pay-rolls made up by the banks of the city
for the industrial and commercial interests of which it
Total $34,133,045.93
is the monetary center. 'The astounding revelation was
In its financial immensity, in the extent and excellence made that $29,208,000 a month was the average amount
of its banking facilities, in the precautions and care which required for this purpose, or at the rate of more than
thoroughly safeguard the interest of every patron and $350,000,000 a year. 'The showing was enough to amaze
depositor, the Union Trust Company contains in its mag­ the treasury officials at Washington, who made inquiry
nificent organization everything required to promptly, into the character of the canvass and found the results
safelv and adequately comply with every demand that to be substantially as stated. From the army of wage-
properly, under any circumstances, could be made of a earners who receive this great sum the savings banks
bank or trust company. The Union 'Trust Company of receive their customers.
Pittsburgh is recognized everywhere as one of the very 'The deposits of strictly savings banks do not begin
best and strongest banking and fiduciary institutions of to represent the aggregate of this class of accounts.
Practically every trust company and many of the national
banks maintain savings departments, and naturally these
come into competition with the regularly organized savings
banks. Another source of competition is the com­
paratively recent adoption of the policy on the part of
national banks and trust companies of allowing interest
mi deposits subject to check. 'The average rate of interest
on such deposits is 2 per cent., while the uniform rate on
regular savings accounts is 4 per cent. It is reasonable
to infer that more money would be deposited in straight
savings accounts if no interest were allowed on deposits
subject to check.
It is said that Pittsburgh was the first city to introduce
"banking by mail," and the reputation of her savings
banks is such that they attract deposits from all
over the United States.
'THE ANCHOR SAATNGS BANK—The anchor
is the emblem of security. Prudence, conservatism and
reliability characterize the Anchor Savings Bank. True
to the best traditions of the banking business, this long
established substantial and successful institution has
THE NATURAL THRIFT OF HARD-WORKING PITTSBURGH CARED stood; always safe, ever ready to allow its depositors
FOR MOST CAREFULLY
such accommodations as were consistent with careful
The savings banks of Pittsburgh are the city's pride. banking; the affairs of the bank have been ably directed,
Their origin was truly altruistic. The oldest member of
and notably its business has increased. Capitalized at
this group was organized without any capital stock, and $100,000, the surplus and undivided profits of the Anchor
for more than half a century it has remained without Savings Bank to-day amount to $400,000. The officers
capital stock, all dividends being paid to depositors and
of the bank are: Maj. A. M. Brown, President; John
all earnings in excess of expenses and dividends being-
D. Brown, A'ice-President, and Thomas H. Lewis,
carried to surplus and contingent funds for the further
Cashier. The Anchor Savings Bank's directors are: R.
protection of depositors. Another of the city's staunch
L Stoney, Jr., T. J. Keenan, Ed. H. Straub, Theodore

44 T 11 E 0 R Y O U R G E
F. Straub. W. I). Henry. John D. Brown, William Dellenbach,
L. P. Monahan and Maj. A. AT Brown.
THE GERMAN SAVINGS & DEPOSIT LANK
—Successful since organization in 1871, established as
a State bank in [882, occupying since 1897 'ts splendid
building at the corner of Fourteenth and Carson Streets
on the "South Side," the German Savings & Deposit
Lank has been, and is, one of the most appreciated financial
institutions in the citv.
According to the statement made mi December 16,
1907, it had deposits amounting to $3,802,760.01. Its
surplus and profits were $613,562.86. None of the surplus
($600,000) was paid in. every dollar of it having
been accumulated in the regular course of business. From
the time of its foundation up to date the bank has paid
to its stockholders $440,000 in dividends. 'This was done
on a capitalization of $100,000. On deposits of one
dollar and upwards it pays interest at the rate of 4 per
cent, per annum. It issues letters of credit; does a large
foreign exchange business: has a first-class safe deposit
department, and in all proper ways carries mi an extensive
general banking business. Besides this, for the
convenience of its customers, the bank represents several
of the leading Atlantic steamship lines.
'The officers of the German Savings & Deposit Bank
are: J. F. Erny, President: Ferdinand Lentz. Vice-
President; A. P. Miller, Cashier: John P. McKain, Assistant
Cashier. 'The directors are: Andrew Popp,
Charles E. Succop, John Siebert, Frederick N. Stuckv,
J- E. Loth. John Weilersbacher. William L. Monro,
Ferdinand Bentz and J. F. Erny.
tut: GERMANIA SAVINGS BANK—Of the
monetary institutions of Pittsburgh that appeal most
sensibly to those who are thriftily inclined, the Germania
Savings Bank is certainly one of the safest and most
advantageous. As a bank of deposit for wage earners
and others who desire to protect and enhance their future,
the strong, reliable and old "Germania" is just the one
that the wise and the prudent would select. 'The men
at the head of it are known to be trustworthy, sagacious
and conservative. Years of successful experience have
proven fully the wisdom and soundness of the bank's
methods. Its reputation in every way is most excellent.
Its resources are very large, and the facilities and conveniences
which it offers, combined with the bank's unquestioned
strength, attract to the Germania always the
best class of customers.
By a special act of the Pennsylvania Legislature on
April 8, 1870, the Germania Savings Lank was incorporated.
In June of the same year it began business at 72
Wood Street. In 1873 the northwest corner of Wood
and Diamond Streets, one of the best banking locations
in Pittsburgh, was purchased, where later was erected
the handsome and substantial Germania Bank Building.
From the first the growth of the bank's business has
been steady, health}- and continuous. Up to date it has
paid to depositors interest amounting to more than
$3,000,000.
A brief statement of the bank's condition as shown
by the report made on December 16, 1907, is as follows:
RESOURCF.S.
Cash in vault $155,271.99
Checks and other cash items. 6,453.34
Cash in banks 668,417.12
$830,142.45
Call loans upon collateral 3,655,692.25
Time loans upon collateral, etc 1,278,620.49
Investment securities owned, viz.:
Sti icks and bonds
irst mortgages 1,319.165.75
- $1,522,265.75
Bank and office building, furniture and
other real estate 366,751.21
Overdrafts 67.29
Tolal.
LIABILITIES.
$7,653.53944
Capital stock paid in $150,000.00
Surplus fund 300.000.00
Undivided profits, less expenses and taxes
Paid 225,867.27
Deposits, subject to check. . $508,575.38
'Time deposits 6,455,962.^7
Treasurer's and certified
checks outstanding- 13,1 ^4.22
TotaI $7,653,539.44
- $6,977,672.17
The officers of the Germania Savings Bank are A. E.
Succop. President; L. A. Meyran. Vice-President; A. E.
Nieman, Secretary and Treasurer; C F. Gardner, Assistant
Secretary, and L. II. Moeckel, Assistant Treasurer.
Paying 4 per cent, interest compounded semi-annually,
placing at the disposal of the depositors every privilege
consistent with legitimate banking, the Germania
Savings Bank for 37 years has served, consistently and
acceptably, the thrifty classes. It has earned ample ac­
knowledgment of its strength and careful management.
Its stability is admitted, its prestige is well established,
it stands squarely before the public, it ranks with the
largest and best savings banks in western Pennsylvania.
Of the men who guide the bank's affairs and guard
the deposits of the customers it may be said that they
are so well and favorably known in Pittsburgh that their
names are a guarantee of the bank's rectitude and sol-

T H E S c R Y 0 F T T S B U R G IJ 45
vency. Enjoying well deserved public confidence, the
Germania justifies by what it has done, by what it is
always in a position to do, the esteem accorded its man­
agement, and the general recognition of its strength.
THE PEOPLES' SAVINGS BANK—In the Peoples'
Savings Bank, the dimes of the thrifty grow into
dollars; the savings of wage earners are augmented by
interest; larger and larger become what were once the
tiny deposits of those
who are determined
not to be poor.
As the originator
of the "banking by
mail" system, the Peoples'
Savings Bank
brought its advantages
within easy reach of
every man who desired
to deposit a dollar or
upwards, no matter
how far he might be
removed f r o m Pitts­
burgh. That "banking
by mail" can be carried
on safely and in a manner
productive of entire
satisfaction is best
shown by w hat the
Peoples' Savings Bank
has d o 11 e. Through
the mails it has received
deposits amounting
to immense sums;
not a dollar was ever
lost or unaccounted
for.
Established in its
own h a 11 fl s o m e 15story
building at the
corner of AVood Street
and Fourth Avenue,
t h e Peoples' Savings
Bank is surrounded
"falr \
tajf-1
PITTSBURGH BANK FOR SAVINGS
with the most modern
ban king conveniences
and protection. The banking rooms are finished and fur-
nished in a manner becoming the standing and dignity ol
the business. The mail department is exceedingly well or­
ganized and equipped. 'The vault, built of Harveyized
armor plate, in size and strength comparing favorably
with the greatest ever made, bids defiance to fire and
burglars: inside the great vault stands a massive one-
piece safe, the largest and strongest of its kind; these
money-protecting structures so strong as to have a
strength almost inconceivable, to all intents and purposes
indestructible, are fitting symbols of the financial solidity
and absolute reliability of the bank. 'The bank's capital
is $[,000,000, and its strength is further increased by a
surplus of $1,000,000.
'The history which the Peoples' Savings Bank has
made since it was chartered in 1866 will be proudly and
honorably repeated so long as its destinies are controlled
by officers and trustees such as these: Officers—D. McK.
Lloyd, President; 'Thmnas Wightman, Edward E. Duff,
J. D. L y 0 n, Robert
Wardrop, Vice-Presi­
B t B P s B p B
I t " "
dents ; James K. Duff,
Secretary and 'Treas­
urer; J. B. Mclvown,
A s s i s taut Secretary-
Treasurer ; C h a s. W.
Riser, Manager Mortgage
Department; Sidney
F. Murphy, Auditor;
S. E. Hare, Assistant
Auditor; Patterson,
Sterrett & Acheson,
Counsel. Trustees
—D. McK. Lloyd, Ed­
ward E. Duff, Robert
Wardrop, J. Painter,
Jr., Hon. Edwin H.
Stowe, Geo. W. Crawford.
I). Leet AVilson,
T. H. B. McKnight,
John II. Ricketson, Jr.,
Calvin Wells, F. C.
Perkins, J. M. Shields,
'Thomas Wightman, J.
I). Lyon, AV. K. Shiras,
Thomas Patter son,
George E. Painter, AAT.
J. Moorhead, Wm. D.
George, D. Herbert
Host etter, Benjamin
Thaw, Henry Chalfant,
Henry R. Rea, James
K. Duff.
In the strictest and
best sense the Peoples'
Savings Bank is a help-
ful factor to those that are incited to self-help, it is the
guardian of the savings of those who are striving to
gain financial independence, it is the conservator of the
prosperity of its depositors.
PITTSBURGH BANK FOR SAVINGS—There
are few banks in Pittsburgh that have shown more rapid
growth during the past few years than has the Pittsburgh
Bank for Savings. The deposits of the institution are in
excess of $15,000,000, which includes many thousands

46 T 11 E

H E S T O Y O F P I T T S B U R G H 47
the official quotations which fixed the basis of values for
bank loans, and the banking business of the city was
practically revolutionized. Formerly the banks were con­
fined almost exclusively to the market for commercial
paper in employing their funds, but with the establish­
ment of the stock exchange, collateral security was given
value and call loans came into vogue.
It was at one time the boast of the Pittsburgh Stock
Exchange that its list of securities embraced a greater
volume and variety of sound securities than any other
exchange in the United States outside of New York.
From two fifteen-minute daily "calls," the business ex­
panded until continuous sessions were necessary, and
from 10 o'clock in the morning until 3 o'clock in the
afternoon quotations were immediately available for
speculators and investors and also for the banks that
were loaning money on stock exchange securities. In
1906 the high standing
of the exchange was in
some degree impaired
by the listing of untried
mining shares,
and for a time speculation
in the latter
dominated the trading.
The real cause for the
recession, h o w e v e r,
was the financial em­
barrassment w h i c h
overtook a number
of important industrial
corporations, necessita­
ting a suspension of
dividends and the raising
of new capital. An­
other cause for the loss
of prestige was the
fact that public interest
drifted to the larger New York market, where
the United States Steel Corporation securities became
a dominant factor in investment and speculation.
The listing of these and other securities of local interest
in Wall Street was immediately followed by a number
of Pittsburgh brokers becoming members of the New-
York Stock Exchange, and several New York houses
established branches here. The result was that the larger
speculative and investment interests transferred their
allegiance from Pittsburgh to Wall Street. On more
than one occasion the operations of Pittsburgh assumed
such magnitude as to overshadow- those of other cities
in the New York market.
It was in consequence of this condition and the trans­
fer of money and interest that the Pittsburgh market
degenerated largely into cheap mining stock speculation.
The latter, however, has finally died out, and in the future
more attention is likely to be devoted to the better class
of securities, of which there is an abundance in the Pitts­
burgh market.
PITTSBUR I.Xi HANGE
JOHN I). ARMSTRONG & CO.—Pittsburghs
prominence in manufacturing and finance occasions
naturally no inconsiderable speculation. The fluctua­
tions of stocks offer unlimited opportunities for the
exercise of good judgment and sound business discretion.
'The procuring of gain involves the acceptance
of risk. 'To speculate successfully requires the services
of a competent and reliable broker. 'The choice of a
broker may make or break a man in the stock market.
'The broker who achieves enduring success is the one that
best protects and advances the interests of his clients.
'This in a measure accounts for the growth of the business
of John 1). Armstrong & Co., brokers, who are acknowledged
to be among the most alert and trustworthy
b r 0 k e r a g e firms in
Pittsburgh.
'Though vet a young
man, John D. Armstrong,
who dominates
the affairs of the firm
that bears his name,
has been in the broker­
I g . a ;
age business in Pittsburgh
for a length of
time amply sufficient to
demonstrate his probity
^jjjs and ability.
•==- r mi« *l jjgw r Ere he had scarcely
'*' emerged fro 111 boyhood,
he entered on his
career in 1888 in the
brokerage office of
John M. Oakley. With
Mr. Oakley, whom be
afterwards succeeded,
he was associated for six years. On February 1,
1894, as the successor of Oakley, the firm of John
D. Armstrong & Co. established its brokerage offices
at 209 Sixth Street, Pittsburgh. For nearly fourteen
years the firm has been in business in this city; in all
that time it has made a good record, not only for increased
trade, but also for the manner in which it has
always treated its customers. To have stood the test
of those years so well means something. In the period
referred to, occurred some of the world's most startling
commercial transformations. A brokerage house that,
at the end of fourteen years of such experience, stands
as does the firm of John D. Armstrong & Co., un­
scathed, stronger and inspiring greater confidence than
ever before, has a history to be proud of, and a future
that speaks for itself.
In 1902 the firm moved from its Sixth Street offices
to its present convenient and comfortable quarters on

4s I () R V ( ) S P. LT R G H
the third floor ,,f the Farmers' Bank Building. There
the numerous customers of the firm are afforded every
facility lor the quick ami satisfactory transaction of
business.
John D. Armstrong & Co. have private wires to
New York and Chicago and memberships in the Pittsburgh
Stock Exchange and the Chicago Board of Trade.
Besides its New York and Chicago adjuncts the firm
has important connections in Cincinnati. Louisville and
Minneapolis.
Though handling a large business in New York and
Pittsburgh stocks, bonds, cotton, etc., the house of
Armstrong specializes to a considerable extent in grain
speculatio n. Many
Pittsburghers, who speculate
in wheat and the
like, have as their brokers
John I). Armstrong
& Co. 'The firm's business
in this respect is
rated to be about the
largest in the city.
CHILDS & CHILDS
—The firm of Childs ix
Childs, b a n k e r s and
brokers, established in
1905, already has a reputation
e x t e 11 d i 11 g
throughout the United
States, and has correspondents
in all the large
cities. It has put through
a number of important
business deals, and in the
short period of its existence
has become a feature
in the trade life of
this citv. It has absolutely
every facility with
which to keep in touch
w i t h the affairs o f
Greater Pittsburgh and the outside world, as its correspondents
are among the oldest and most reliable concerns
in the country, and it is only by getting at the
actual facts in every condition that a correct analysis can
be reached.
ROBERT C II.VI.I.
On account of the rapid growth and increase of the
business, the firm was obliged to move into much larger
and more commodious offices, and since April 1, 1907, it
has been able to give to the people of Pittsburgh better
service through the most complete facilities for conducting
a banking and brokerage business in this vicinity.
These offices are located on the second floor of the new
Union National Bank Building, where its customers
are received with uniform politeness and courtesy.
Nothing but the very highest grade securities are
handled. Our statistical department can at all times
give the intrinsic value of such stocks as are listed on
any stock exchange. It operates three private telegraph
lines to New York, and private wires to Philadelphia,
Boston, Baltimore, Washington, Cleveland, Chicago
and St. Louis. It is also in very close touch with parties
that are located in the different mining camps, and consequently
are thoroughly conversant with all that hap­
pens there.
'The members of the firm are James H. Childs, Clinton
L. Childs, Alexander M. Brooks, and Charles W.
Woods, all of whom have been actively concerned in
the banking or brokerage
business for years
and are thoroughly conversant
with every phase
of the business.
Mr. C h a r 1 e s W.
Woods, manager of the
bond department, was
formerly manager of
the bond department of
the Union Trust Company
of Pittsburgh, and
is entirely familiar with
the market for all bonds.
James H. Childs is a
son of Harvey Childs,
Jr., and was formerly
connected with the firm
of H. Childs & Co., one
of the oldest houses in
the city.
Clinton L. Childs is
a son of H a r v e y L.
Childs, and was a partner
of the firm of H. L.
Childs & Company.
A. M. Brooks is a
son of J. J. Brooks,
chief counsel of the
Pennsylvania Railroad, and was formerly connected with
the Fidelity Title & Trust Co. of this city.
ROBERT CALVIN HALL—The subject of this
rather incomplete sketch has become, in recent years, a
familiar figure mi that section of Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
known as the local Wall Street, and is widely
recognized as an important and influential factor in
local financial affairs. His genial personal magnetism.
aided by his good business qualities and ability to handle
financial problems in a broad and liberal-minded spirit,
have given him this high standing in a comparatively
short time.
Robert Calvin Hall was born at Cleveland, O., on

T H E S 0 R Y (J F 11 R G H 49
September 3, 1805. His father was Henry Martyn
Hall, and his mother Abbey Hubbell Hall, both born
and reared in New York City. I lis father is a retired
merchant. His grandfather Hall was a New York ship­
ping merchant, and his grandfather Hubbell a New-
York lawyer, a fact which may explain the combination
of business instinct and the quick insight into the
legal phases of business affairs which he is known to
possess to a remarkable degree. He is of the eighth
generation in America mi all four lines of descent of the
New England ancestry. He received his literary and
scientific education at high school in Titusville, La.
Mr. Hall's first business occupation in life was as an
assistant in his father's general store. Later, for ten
years, he was actively engaged in pipe-line construction
work for the Standard ()il Company. His early
experience brought him into mercantile touch with manufacturers
all through this section, while the latter
widened and broadened this early training. He is now
a member and president of the Pittsburgh Stock Exchange,
where he brings into use the knowledge gained
in the above named experiences. He is, however, essentially
of a constructive temperament with a strong desire
always to undertake and develop situations and conditions
in embryo or undertone and place them where
thev belong. This he has done in a number of notable
instances in Pittsburgh and vicinity in recent years.
As a broker Mr. Hall is recognized as a wise adviser.
He tells his clients that Pittsburgh securities arc-
safe, that they pay a high income and always have a
ready market—three very excellent recommendations.
His bond offerings net 5 to 6 per cent., and his reputa­
tion is such that he can with confidence refer his patrons
to anv bank in Pittsburgh. His address is 240 Fourth
Avenue, Pittsburgh.
Besides the presidency of the local stock exchange.
Air. Hall is president of the Duquesne Light Co., treasurer
of the Pittsburgh and Allegheny 'Telephone Company,
a director of a number of other enterprises, a
large holder of Fourth Avenue real estate, and one of
the builders and owners of the famous "Lellefield
Dwellings," said to be the finest apartment houses in
Pittsburgh. He also has a farm and country residence
near Aspinwall, where he delights to give the newsboys
and bootblacks of the city a big picnic and a bigger din­
ner every once in a while.
Mr. Hall was married at Oakland, Md., on August
7, 1897, to Miss Francis P. Clapp, a daughter of Col.
Clapp, of Washington, D. C. 'They have two interesting
children, Anna Pearson and Rosalie Goodman. Air.
Hall is a member of several social, business and patriotic
organizations, including the Union Club, the Pittsburgh
Country Club, the Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce.
the Sons of the Revolution, and others.
With all his strenuous and seemingly imperative
duties Mr. Hall finds time to devote considerable atten­
tion lo the esthetic side of life and its refining influ­
ences, and is said to own one of the most valuable pri­
vate collections of works of art in Pittsburgh. He re­
cently purchased, at what is reported a fabulous price.
the famous painting "'The Lath." by a celebrated French
artist, which took the first prize, $1,500 and a gold
medal, at the hands of the international jury of artists
at the last international art exhibit on the occasion of
flu- dedication of the great Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh.
I. N. HARKLESS & CO.—It is said by reliable
authorities that, while the population of Pittsburgh has
doubled in the last twenty years, its financial operations
and resources have been far more than doubled within
the same period. This is said to be true not only of
bank exchanges and bank- deposits, but of the operations
in the stock market. Pittsburgh's securities are known
to be safe, and as they always pay a good income they
always have a ready market. 'This fact interests many
in the purchase of stable securities and requires the services
of man}- brokers who give their whole attention to
the business.
I. N. Harkless & Co., established in January, 1904,
do a large general business as stock, bond, grain and
provision brokers, and are prepared to offer the public
every facility fm- safe investment. Speculation aside,
the income return mi securities is pronounced larger now
than at anv time in the last three years. The thing then
for the prudent investor to do is to merely seek out a
conservative and reliable brokerage linn, such as I. N.
Harkless & Co. is known to be. and be guided by its
advice.
'This firm is located advantageously in the banking
and brokerage district, where Air. Harkless invites personal
calls or correspondence from persons interested in
the purchase or sale of stocks, bonds, etc. He solicits
a share of the business of the public in his line and
promises every reasonable effort to please.
M. K. McMULLIN & CO.—No matter what the
condition of business may be temporarily, it never pays
to lose sight of the fact that potentially the country is
always prosperous. Nor is it profitable to forget just
where the sources of our national wealth really are
located.
Between investment and speculation sometimes there
is more distinction than difference. In compliance with
the laws of Pennsylvania, stock brokers' offices are now
so conducted that the forms of speculation most objectionable
are entirely eliminated. Stocks are bought and
sold under conditions that attach to each speculative
transaction certain investment features. 'The specu­
lator, to be sure, accepts larger risks; in return, if he
hits the market right, he receives proportionate profits;
courage ofttimes is tempered with discretion. Those

5o 11 E S T O R Y O F T T S B U R G H
who believe in the old maxim "Nothing venture, nothinghave"
on occasions display great knowledge and rare
good judgment. Where the anticipated profit justifies
the risk many men will cheerfully take chances. Out of
a thousand who have been unusually successful in obtaining
wealth, at least 90 per cent., to a certain extent,
have speculated.
A stock broker receives commissions. In return
therefore he assists his clients, so far as may be, to speculate
successfully. Upon a broker's character, information,
judgment and facilities depend more or less his
clients' prospects of success. In anv confidential relation
the personal equation is a factor of importance. To
those who engage in speculation, how necessary is the
selection of a thoroughly reliable broker is constantly
apparent.
In Pittsburgh, which is recognized as a center of
speculative activity, few, if anv, brokerage offices arcbetter
known than those of AI. K. McMullin & Co., at
419 Wood Street, where are offered to the investing
public every facility for trading in New York, Chicago
and local stocks and bonds. Years ago M. K. McMullin,
who now dominates the company that bears his name,
opened an inconspicuous office. For a while he was
modestly successful. To-day there are not wanting testimonials
to his business ability and standing.
Though in the beginning he was but a broker doingbusiness
in a small way. at present he is associated in
various important enterprises with some of Pittsburgh's
most respected capitalists. He is strong financially and
ably looks after large investments of his own money.
A keen trader and skilled in turning to good advantage
every favorable opportunity, by experience and discernment
he knows how and when to engage in speculative
ventures. An excellent type of the successful broker,
M. K. AlcAlullin is something more. He is a sagacious
counsellor—a "straight tip" from him is eagerly sought
for; in the little circle of financiers, in which he now
moves, his judgment is accorded great weight. Initiative
and constructive ability combined with capital secure
consideration everywhere.
GEO. AY. MacMULLEN & CO.—The brokerage
firm of Geo. W. MacAlullen & Co., composed of Geo.
W. MacMullen and Sanford B. Evans, has risen into
prominence among the financial concerns of this city
in the six years of its history. Formed in 1902. it has
grown steadily, until now every branch of the stock,
grain and bond brokerage business is included in its
scope.
'The firm holds memberships in the Pittsburgh Stock
Exchange and the Chicago Board of 'Trade, and is directly
connected by private wires with the New York,
Philadelphia and Boston Stock Exchange and Chicago
Board of 'Trade houses. Tts business includes investment
and margin trading in Pittsburgh, Boston and
New York stocks, Chicago grain and provisions, and
investment bonds. Considerable attention has been
given also to unlisted securities, and the firm is recog­
nized as the leading brokerage concern dealing in oil
and natural gas securities.
Mr. MacMullen has been engaged almost continuously
for 27 years in the brokerage business in its various
phases. Mr. Evans represents the firm on the floor
of the Pittsburgh Stock Exchange.
'The firm's offices comprise a commodious suite of
rooms mi the third floor of the Union Bank Building at
A\rood Street and Fourth Avenue, in the heart of the
financial district.
HARRY A. MARLIN—Mr. Marlin has long been
a conspicuous figure on the local AVall Street, his offices
being at 237 Fourth Avenue, where he conducts an extensive
general brokerage business in stocks and bonds.
He is also quite prominent as a member of the Pittsburgh
Stock Exchange, of which he is president. His
business was established in 1899, but in the comparatively
short period ensuing it has been placed upon a
linn foundation by his good judgment and wise management.
Air. Marlin has complete facilities for the purchase
and sale of stocks and bonds, local and otherwise, and
is also able to give his patrons the benefit of considerable
expert experience. He believes that Pittsburgh securities
especially are a safe investment because they pay a
liberal income return ami always have a ready market—
three features that recommend them to the favorable
consideration of the prudent investor. Many of his bond
offerings are said to net from five to six per cent.
Prospective clients may obtain reliable particulars
concerning local and other securities by consulting Mr.
Marlin by mail or in person at 237 Fourth Avenue, or
by 'phone—Bell, Court, 3127—P. & A., 150 Main.
Mr. Marlin and his courteous assistants are ever
ready to answer all proper inquiries and to give any advice
consistent wdth the ethics of the business. No misrepresentation
is indulged in, and patrons have consequently
learned to place the most implicit confidence in
the firm.
A. E. MAST EN & CO.—The banking and brokerage
firm of A. E. Masten & Co. was established in 1890
and has always, since its formation, been recognized as
an important factor in local financial affairs. It does a
large general business in stocks, bonds, grain, cotton and
provisions on the second floor of the Vandergrift Building
at 7,27, Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh. The business
requires more than twenty employees besides the members
of the firm which is composed of Alvin E. Masten,
George M. Paisley and Fred C. Masten, all of whom
are considered experts in their line.
Hie firm of Masten & Co. holds seats in the New

T H F S T O Y O F T S B U R G H M
York, Boston, Chicago and Pittsburgh stock exchanges,
the Chicago Board of Trade, the New York Metal Exchange,
and the American Bankers' Association. Their
offices are connected by private wires with correspondents
in all the leading cities of the United States and
Montreal, Canada.
It will thus be seen that Masten & Co. have remarkably
complete facilities for gathering financial news.
Their daily reports in the financial columns of the Pitts­
burgh papers are read with much interest and confidence
in their reliability. Their cable address is "Masten."
It is these many branches that enable Masten & Co.
to enjoy many advantages over most firms that are not so
fortunately situated. 'The firm has a reputation for honorable
dealing that is well
known everywhere in Pittsburgh
financial circles.
P. V. ROVNIANEK &
CO.—'This firm is composed
of P. V. Rovnianek as senior
partner and Julius J. AVolf,
both of whom are representative
Austro-Hungarians
who have a large business
and social following among
their numerous countrymen
in the United States. The
partnership was established
in 1886 by John Slovensky
and the present members.
They are dealers in foreign
exchange, bankers, steamship
agents for all lines, and
publishers of "The Slovak
Daily" and "American Slavonic
Gazette." They have
42 employees.
Messrs. Rovnianek & Co.
have their offices at 612-614
Grant Street, Pittsburgh:
25 Avenue A, New York,
N. Y., and 305 North A\rater Street, Connellsville, Pa.
They deal very extensively with Austria-Hungary in
exchange, and remit
to about five
and one-half millions of kronen a year.
P. V. Rovnianek, one of the members of this firm, is
the Russian imperial vice-consul for Pittsburgh, and as
such attends to much important business for the gov­
ernment he represents. He is honorary president of the
National Slavonic Society, at present numbering about
28,000 members, and was its founder some eighteen
years ago. He also is president of the Mortgage Bank­
ing Company, vice-president of the Guardian Fire In­
surance Company, and president of the Hot Springs
Lumber & Manufacturing Co., president of the Gold
ALVIN E. MASTEN
Bar Mining Company, of Goldfield, Nev.
in many other Pittsburgh establishments.
in Austria-Hungary 41 years ago.
and director
1 le was born
Mr. Julius J. Wolf was born in Hungary and is
about fifty years of age. He has charge of the New-
York office of the firm and has a large business clientele
in the metropolis. Mr. Wolf is treasurer of the Na­
tional Slavonic Society, and was one of the early promoters
of the firm of P. V. Rovnianek & Co. He is
connected with many New York financial institutions,
and in many instances is an officer of the same.
The success of this firm in building up an extensive
business in several important departments of enterprise
is an illustration of what can be done where industry,
integrity, skill and intelligence
are the guiding and
controlling factors. 'Thousands
of Austro-Hungarian
residents of the Pittsburgh
district are indebted to this
firm for valuable advice and
counsel as well as for business
courtesies.
In addition to serving
their own countrymen resident
in this section as bankers,
agents, etc., Messrs.
Rovnianek & Co. are very
useful to this class as publishers
of "T he S 1 o v a k
Dailv" and the "American
S I a voni c Gazette." The
Slavish residents in the immediate
Pittsburgh territory
and in the coke region depend
very largely upon these
journals for good advice
and for news from the old
country, which is always
presented in the most reliable
manner. These papers
are edited with care and discriminating
intelligence and are said to enjoy a large
circulation among those for whom they are primarily
intended.
AVHITNEA". STEPHENSON & CO.—Whitney,
Stephenson & Co. is a corporation with a capital of
$1,000,000, organized in August, 1903, under the laws
of Pennsylvania, for the purpose of conducting the stock
and bond business of Whitney & Stephenson, a partnership
which still exists, but which is separate and distinct
from Whitney, Stephenson & Co. The stockholders in
the latter are George I. AVhitney, F. L. Stephenson and
I. M. Lickeisen.
The firm of Whitney & Stephenson was established

T H E S T O R Y O F S B U R G: H
in 1871 by George 1. Whitney, and the business was
conducted under his name until 1884, when the present
firm name was adopted.
The partners in this firm are George I. Whitney and
F. L. Stephenson, and there has never been any change
in its composition since the firm was established thirtysix
years ago.
Before the organization of the firm, both partners
had had practical experience in the banking business.
Mr. Whitney had been 'Teller in the Citizens' National
Bank, one of the first of the Pittsburgh banks to reorganize
under the National Banking Act. Mr. Stephenson
had been Cashier of the Farmers' Deposit National,
one of the leading financial institutions of Allegheny
County, and was favorably known in financial circles.
The firm of Whitney &
Stephenson is largely engaged
in a number of min­
ing and manufacturing enterprises
in Pennsylvania,
Ohio, Montana, North Carolina,
etc.. as well as in
the Island of Santo Domingo.
It was due to these
manifold interests which began
to occupy more and
more the firm's attention.
that the move was made for
the incorporation of Whitney,
Stephenson & Co. to
take over the stock and bond
business of the firm.
Air. I. AT Lickeisen, who
had long been in the employ
of the old firm, was made
manager of Whitney. Stephenson
i!x Co.. and still occupies
that position.
The offices of Whitney,
Stephenson & Co. occupy
GEORGE 1. WIIITXKV
the south half of the first story of the Frick Building.
'Thev are the most commodious brokerage offices in the
country and are equipped with all the facilities for transacting
business in the world's-markets. The capital of
the company, $1,000,000. is probably the largest of any
strictly commission brokerage house in the State, and
gives it a special advantage in the handling of large
accounts.
As stated, Whitney, Stephenson & Co. are the oldest
Pittsburgh members of the New York Stock Exchange.
Thev also own three seats in the Pittsburgh Stock Exchange
and are members of the Chicago Board of Trade
and the Chicago Stock Exchange. The position which
the company holds in the financial community has been
built, first, upon the experience as bankers of its original
at the command of the firm, and finally, upon the mod­
ern facilities which are provided for handling the busi­
ness of clients.
JOHN A. AVOOD, Jr.—John A. Wood, Jr., a
member of the Pittsburgh Stock Exchange, has been in
the stock and bond brokerage business for the past year
m- two at 1208-1209 Peoples' Bank Building, 307
Fourth Avenue.
Air. Wood is the son of Capt. John A. Wood, who
for so many years was actively connected with the coal
mining and shipping interests of the Monongahela, Ohio
and Mississippi Valleys, and was employed by his father
up to the time of the sale of the coal business to the
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co., at
which time the elder Mr.
Wood retired from active
business and the son was
appointed division engineer
for the coal company, which
position he held until ill
health, brought on by exposure
about the mines, necessitated
his finding different
employment.
Asked to give an expression
of opinion concerning
the future of Pittsburgh and
suggest any change which
would improve conditions,
Mr. Wood said :
"Haying been in the
brokerage business such a
short time, it seems hardly
in place for me to express
an opinion in connection
with this line of business.
"Some of the cuts to be
used in ''The Storv of Pittsburgh,'
bring to my mind
the experiences of former years in the coal mining and
shipping business, and are forcible lessons to Pittsburghers
pointing to the necessity for the long delayed
river improvements which would enable Pittsburgh to
conduct cheap transportation during nine or ten months
of the year, when not interfered with by the ice.
"The photographs referred to were taken in the summer
of 1895 when the long drought tied up Pittsburgh's
river commerce from the middle of April until the last
week of November, at which latter date there had accumulated
in the harbor over 1,000,000 tons of coal and
steel products. 'The eleven years elapsed since that date
have witnessed some progress by the government, but,
unless arrangements are made to accelerate the improvements,
the present generation will have passed into his-
founders; secondly, upon the ample capital and credit tory before our hopes are realized."

T H E S T o R v () S I! U R G II 53
'This opinion coming from an experienced river man
ought to help awaken the public to the magnitude and
importance of Pittsburgh's river traffic, and how that
traffic, great as it is, could be enormously increased by
adequate improvements along the three local streams.
An amused public sentiment working through members
of congress. Air. Wood thinks, is the only way to accom­
plish any legislation to lit the importance of the situatii
hi.
'The sentiments expressed in this interview show that
Air. Wood is not narrowed down to a selfish interest in
his own private business alone, but indicate a patriotic
concern for the welfare of the citv at large. It is believed
that if the business men of Pittsburgh generally
could arrive at some working plan of co-operation, as
many of them like Air. W 1 have already done, and
present the enormous tonnage of the district in the proper
light, public sentiment would soon spur the government
to action.
INVESTMENT SECURITIES
THE MODERN COMPANY NOW RELIEVES THE INVESTOR OF MUCH
RESPONSIBILITY
Investors in quest of high-grade investment securities
that have the glitter and solidity of gold, need not seek
markets outside of Pittsburgh. 'The financial institutions
of the Smoky Citv are invariably in position to give all
data and minute detail concerning the investment securities
they handle, and the information is not that furnished
by books and pamphlets, but comes from the fountainhead,
having been obtained by analysis and rigid personal
investigation.
For this reason the financial institutions of Pittsburgh
occupy a unique position and offer opportunities
to investors that cannot be had in any other city, not
even excepting New York, Then, too. securities of every
character, gas. electric light, electric railway and railroad
are to be had upon the most advantageous terms and at
prices prevailing in the market upon the hour they are
purchased by the investor.
MUNICIPAL & CORPORATION SECURITIES
CO.—'The Municipal & Corporation Securities Co. was
incorporated December, 1902. and began business February,
1903. Its business is the buying and selling of
high-grade investment bonds; not dealing in stocks of
anv kind. The kind of bonds bought and sold by this
company are citv, borough, school, traction, waterworks,
coal and high-grade public utility bonds.
The company's paid-up capital is $200,000: its Pitts­
burgh office is in the Lank for Savings Building, with
branch offices in five different cities.
Preceding the establishment of the Municipal & Corporation
Securities Co. there was no separate and dis­
tinct bond house in the citv of Pittsburgh which made a
business of buying outright entire issues of bonds care­
fully investigated by counsel as to legality of issue, and
the physical properties investigated by engineers of
known standing and integrity.
I he bonds offered to investors and financial institu­
tions in the Pittsburgh district were handled by outside
corporations who made their offering through their city
or traveling representatives.
Ilaving a wide experience in the operating of public
utilities the Messrs. Kuhn realized the large possibilities
of a first-class bond house. Now it has become a national
factor in most of the States of the Union, besides
securities held in England, Germany, Trance, Holland
and Italy. 'The company is composed of such wellknown
and well-established financiers as James S. Kuhn,
who is president: W. S. Kuhn, vice-president; L. L.
McClelland, secretary and treasurer; J. IT Lurdv. L.
AT Plumer. John W. Herron and Hugh Young.
MERCANTILE AGENCY
THE INDUSTRIAL WORLD HAS LEARNED TO VALUE THIS NECES­
SARY ADJUNCT TO BUSINESS
Daniel Webster said: "Credit has done more, a
thousand times, to enrich nations, than all the mines of
all the world." When you come to think of it. the foundation
upon which rests the entire financial and commercial
structure is Credit. Without credit and its numerous
instruments, it would be impossible to move the commerce
of the world in its present volume. Of the many definitions
given commercial credit, perhaps the simplest is
that it is evidence of postponed payment, for the day
of settlement must come. In the United States last year
the settlements effected through the country's clearinghouses
averaged three billion dollars a week.
While credit enables the user to do a more extensive
business than his actual capital would handle if his purchases
were all for cash, there must be a proper proportion
of moneyed capital or other property in his possession
for his ventures to rest upon, if he is to use his
credit with safety to himself and to those who extend
credit. Among the prime constituents of individual
credit may be mentioned a man's reputation in his community;
his financial resources; his experience; his attention
to business; his present habits; his past record,
and his manner of meeting obligations. In deciding upon
credit risks, investigation, intelligence and ripe judgment
must be exercised, and when a conclusion is reached,
it then becomes necessary to exercise constant vigilance
in order to detect any lapse in the individual or his affairs
which would impair the foundation of credit.
The necessities of the merchant, the manufacturer and
the banker brought into existence what is known as the
Mercantile Agency, which has come to be recognized as
the expert in the investigation of credits. 'The Mercantile
Agency furnishes ratings and commercial reports

S T O R V O F P I T T S B U R G H
upon the standing of individuals, firms and corporations,
and supplements and strengthens the labors of the individual
( redit Man. who is now a recognized employee of
all large establishments.
L. G. DUN & CO.—Doing business on credit—
and what business house does not?—owes no small
measure of its effectiveness to R. G. Dun & Co., the
Mercantile Agency, the oldest, largest and most complete
organization of its kind in the world. It is this
company's business to look up the rating of a prospective
buyer to protect the house he intends to buy from.
How well it does that work is illustrated by the fact that
it issues quarterly to its customers a book giving the
ratings of 1,500,000 traders of the country. 'Traders
or people in it in this book are speedily looked up mi
request through a perfectly organized system of agencies
that embraces the whole world. Its clients under contract
include the leading manufacturers, wholesale and
jobbing houses and bankers of the United States and
Canada, besides the business of its foreign offices. The
total number of the R. (',. Dun & Co. subscribers is
greater than those of all other agencies combined.
Ibis wonderful system of securing credit information
grew out of an enterprise began in a small way in
1841, when it was inaugurated in the interest of a limited
number of New York merchants as a means of
systematizing the gathering of credit information and
pooling the expense of obtaining it. Gradually its scope
was enlarged to take in other cities and other countries.
Over $4,000,000 is spent by the company yearly to
keep under constant revision, through its various
branches, over 1,500,000 traders. Each branch office
has a compact territory, with which the local manager
and a staff of experienced assistants are entirely familiar
and in constant communication. Its reference book is
kept so entirely up to date that an average of 3,000
changes are made in the ratings for every working day
in the week. The book contains complete lists of all
banking, trust and fire insurance companies, with neces­
sary data, collection laws of each State, the negotiable
instrument law, and States and territories that have
adopted it in detail. 'The classification of names by
trades and the minutely correct maps of each State, with
the additional fact that R. G. Dun & Co. are publishing
"Dun's Review." for the benefit of the foreign trade, in
English, French, Spanish and German, make the bookone
of the most valuable issued anywhere for anv purpose.
'The Pittsburgh office of R. G. Dun & Co. was established
in [852 and is in charge of A. B. Wiglev. During
Mr. Wigley's administration of affairs in this district
branches have been established at Wheeling, Canton.
Youngstown, Zanesville and East Liverpool, and the
corps at the Pittsburgh office has been increased from
17 to 62 workers. 'The office serves as the headquarters
for western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio, and part of
West Virginia, affairs being directed from a suite of
offices mi the third floor of the Westinghouse Building.
where 3.000 square feet of space is occupied.

I N S U R A N C E A N D R E A L E S T A T E
Recognized Reliability of Pittsburgh's Life, Fire and Title
Insurance—Careful Adjustment and Prompt Payment —
Real Estate Representatives Ably Promote City's Growth
T H E prudent man always provides for the
future, but it was not until life insurance was
established that the head of the household.
possessed ol ordinary means, saw his way
clear to leaving his family with an income that would
meet all reasonable demands. In former days life insurance
was experimental rather than practical, but now it
is on a substantial scientific basis. 'There is. to-day, no
surer protection of the home and provision for the wife
and children, bereft of the bread earner, than life insurance.
Pittsburgh is a liberal patron of this form ol
laving up something for the inevitable "rainy day" that
is pretty sure to strike every home in the land at some
time.
About fortv life companies are represented in Littsburgh.
all doing a marvelous business. When it is stated
that one alone of these companies wrote policies in the
past year amounting to $14,000,000, some idea may be
gained of the enormous total for all concerns.
'The insurance laws are now more stringent than
ever. 'The late investigations into the affairs of the
larger and wealthier companies have all tended to reduce
the office expenses of companies. Besides, laws have
been passed which give greater protection to the policyholder,
and guarding his or her interest, abating many
technicalities that vitiated a policy taken out in g 1 faith.
THE MUTUAL BENEFIT LIFE INSURANCE
COMPANY—Mr. Joseph J. Tillinghast is now General
Agent for western Pennsylvania for the Mutual
Benefit Life Insurance Company of Newark, N. J.. " I he
Leading Annual Dividend Company" of the country.
'This company owes its distinction to the adherence
of successive managements to the principles of mutuality.
55
Sixty-two years of unwavering faith in these principles
by a large class of discriminating insurers to whom
intrinsic merit appeals, supported by zealous agents of
the highest professional sense, have built up the company
to its present imposing proportions and national
importance.
By seeking out judicious buyers for the company's
essentially protective policies, framed to carry into
effect the name of the company, which pledges the application
of the g 1 of the whole to the affairs of each
one. its agents have established a company structurally
without a superior. The adhesive quality of its membership
is especially noteworthy and due to the members
having been skillfull}' written liberal policies which
fitted their respective needs.
'The adoption in [879 of a general non-forfeiture
system, which definitely secured to each member the
equity which was his mathematically and morally, enabled
the company to market its policies at a relatively
low and just cost. Its growth has, therefore, been an
advantage to its old members as well as to the State, and
is now milv limited by the capacity of the people to appreciate
merit, and the company's traditional administrative
policy, which is at once the company's best asset
and the policyholders' best guarantee of just and liberal
treatment.
During the past two years of reconstruction in life
insurance, the Mutual Benefit has increased in size and
strength.
The much-talked-of meritorious policies of reform
which have been put into force or are now proposed have
been part and parcel of its practice for many years. 'I he
company was. accordingly, dismissed in the report ol
the New [ersev Senate Committee, appointed to inves-

.i6 ( ) R Y 0 F P I T B U R G E
tigate all life insurance companies in the State, in a his brother naturally secured for H. D. Wr. English
paragraph pregnant with praise. the position of manager of the Pittsburgh agency. 'Thus
'The company has paid to policyholders to January placed, for years he has served in a most acceptable
i. 11)07, $239,340,665.25, and has accumulated to their manner the company and its numerous policyholders in
credit, to guarantee outstanding policies, $105,580,- western Pennsylvania. In January, 1906, Mr. English
918.10. Its benefits to policyholders, therefore, exceeded took his nephew, W. AT Furey, into partnership, the
their premium payments on the date named by $40.- style of the firm now bein being "English & Furey, General
802,047.1 3.
Agents." 'The local general agency of the Berkshire Life
Its outstanding insurance, all of which has been Insurance Company is at 341 Fourth Avenue.
written in the healthful portions of the United States,
aggregated $422,200,906 on January 1, 1907. THE NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COM
'The company has always been a favorite with Pitts- PANY OF VERMONT—It is well known that the Na
burghers, although it has
tional Life Insurance Com­
limited its risks mi single
pany of Vermont has been,
lives to $50,000.
i n m a n y instances, the
originator of ideas, which,
'The ( ieneral Agent of
the company for western
Pennsylvania, Joseph L
Tillinghast, is a gentleman
who has devoted practically
all of his years in business
to the service of the Mutual
Benefit, h e h a v i 11 g
spent twenty years with
this company. 'The Pittsburgh
offices of the company
are mi the fourth
floor of the Farmers' Bank
Building.
BERKSHIRE LI F E
INSURA N C E COAL
PANY—As general agents
fi ir the well-known and reliable
Berkshire Life Insurance
Company. English &
Furey occupy an enviable
position in this citv.
Scarcely a greater compliment
could be paid to
the B e r k shir e and its
FREDERICK FRELINGHUYSEN, PRESIDENT MUTUAL
BENEFIT LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
agency than the announcement of the length of time
the company has successfully competed for business
in Pittsburgh. Established in this citv mi fanuary
1, 1870, in the years that have intervened the Pittsburgh
agency of the Berkshire Life Insurance Company
certainly has earned its proper share of insurance
honors and emoluments. George W. English, the
brother of the present senior general agent of the Berkshire,
was originally in charge of the Pittsburgh agency.
He did so well that from Pittsburgh he was promoted to
New York and assigned the management of the Berkshire
Company's business in the States of New York
and New Jersey. Long before this, on the excellent
showing he had made as an agent. IT I). W. English
had becmne his brother's partner. The advancement of
properly developed, have
proved advantageous and
beneficial to the greatest
degree to policyholders.
The National Life Insurance
Company of Vermont,
established in 1850,
is a purely mutual organization.
It has no stockholders,
no little clique of
insiders to absorb fortunes
from the sums paid in by
those who purchase insurance.
In the ^,J years of
its existence this company
has sought not to pile up
assets year after year in
pyramided millions, not to
secure surplus funds sufficient
to acquire a controlling
influence in Wall Street
affairs, not to maintain a
financial suzerainty, but to
reach the highest attainment
in investment and insurance
construction. 'This was done when was devised
the Investment Insurance 'Trust Loud.
( )riginated and written only by the National Life
Insurance Company of Vermont, the Investment Insurance
I rust Lmid is a contract combining all the desirable
features of life and investment insurance. It is a
definite agreement to pay a specific sum of money at a
designated date or at prior death of the purchaser. It
covers completely every method ever devised for a distribution
of the proceeds over a period beyond the time
of maturity of the bond. It combines in one simple
agreement every desirable privilege, condition or opportunity
ever devised or offered singly under other contracts.
It is so constructed that it will adjust itself to
every demand or desire of the purchaser or the bene-

T H F S T O A' 0 F U G II 5,~
ficiary. It is absolutely safe. To the purchaser it offers
every provision calculated to best conserve his interests
while living, and in event of death secures to his family
the perfected protection against subsequent calamity.
I hese bonds are issued in any denomination From
$500 to $25,000, maturing for their face values in 10,
15, 20, 25, 30, 35 or 40 years, or at prior death of the
purchaser. Bonds immediately delivered mi payment of
first of the 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 m- 40 annual deposits
constituting the purchase price. No interest will be
charged mi the deferred deposits if made mi or before
the dates upon which thev fall due.
All this and the many other advantages pertaining to
the Investment Insurance 'Trust Bond have been explained
and demonstrated so convincingly and effectually
through the campaign inaugurated and directed by
Edward O'Neil, the Pittsburgh General Agent of the
National Life Insurance Company, that in this section
there now is a large and constantly increasing number
of satisfied policyholders.
A man with the ability requisite to be a decided success
in the insurance world is not usually devoid of
achievements made along other lines. Aside from his
influential position with the National Life Insurance
Company of Vermont, Mr. O'Neil is financially strong.
Both in this citv and in Sewickley, where he has a very
handsome home, he is associated with various interests
that are of a high order of importance.
EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY—
The strongest agency in Pittsburgh handling policies of
insurance and annuities is that conducted by Edward A.
Woods individually and occupying the second floor of
the Frick Building, Pittsburgh, mie of the finest office
buildings in the world. 'This agency controls all of Pennsylvania
west of the Susquehanna River, part of West
Virginia and a few counties in eastern Ohio.
'Idle Pittsburgh agency of the Equitable Life Assurance
Society of the United States leads all the agencies
of the society in paid-for business. It was established
November 1, 1880, when Dr. George Woods commenced
business in two rooms on the third floor of the Alc-
Clintock Block, then the finest office building in the city.
But one of the two rooms was furnished, and his son,
the present manager, was the sole office, agency and
janitor force. 'There were then no electric cars, no electric
lights, no natural gas, no automobiles; telephones
and typewriters were scarcely known; bicycles were not
in practical use: passenger elevators were still a novelty
in New York City, and the McClintock Block was the
only office building in Pittsburgh equipped with even
one small passenger elevator; there was but one trust
company, and many of the leading banks of to-day were
not in existence. 'The country, the citv. life assurance.
'The Equitable and the Pittsburgh agency have developed
marvelously since that time.
I he first half year's experience in the Pittsburgh
agency with the standard laws of New York and the
"Standard" policy was completed June 30, and the results
have now been tabulated. A comparison with the
first halt of last year in various respects will be of interest.
During these six months we forwarded t the society
$5,701,527 of new business, an increase of $1,119,627
or 24.4 per cent, over the same time of last year.
During four of the first six months we exceeded the
corresponding months of last year; our May business
exceeding by $111,812 the previous record for that
month m the twenty-seven years of this agency.
Willi much recent business still unsettled, our paid
new premiums are 22 per cent, larger. The business
was produced by 140 agents, securing 1,31 1 applications,
over 85 per cent, of which were accompanied by settlements.
The average business per producing agent was
25.3 per cent, larger.
In addition to the increase of new business, our
restorations of policies previously lapsed increased 10
per cent., having restored 242 policies for $583,264.
< >ur lapse rate decreased yt.j per cent.
Including previous insurance, there have been placed
upon the books of this agency in this time policyholders
as follows: One for $350,000, one for $300,000, one
for $270,000, one for $250,000, one for $180,000, one
for $150,000, mie for $115,000, one for $105,000,
seven for $100,000, one for $75,000, one for $63,000.
and one for $50,000. 'This record has never been
equalled in the Pittsburgh agency.
We have contracted with 72 new agents, an increase
of 45, and terminated 21 contracts, a decrease of 11.
From our new agents, main of whose contracts have
been but recently made—17 in June—we have secured
102 applications for 8217,750.
During this period we have paid through this agency
$388/147 in death claims, all but one within 24 hours of
receipt of proofs, and that mie within 48 hours.
We have paid and loaned to policyholders $1,129,-
853.76. Policyholders paid off 90 per cent, more loans
on policies than during the first half of 1906.
We settled 145 maturing policies for $490,000. upon
which the dividends, which could have been withdrawn
in cash, amounted to $104,004.68, or 32.4 per cent, of
the total premiums paid.
The amount of insurance in force in the Pittsburgh
agency increased $1,883,465.92.
As to the future prospects of his great agency. Air.
Woods said: "In a district where five times as much
money is being paid annuallv for State, county and city
taxes; twice as much for jewelry; fourteen times as
much for liquors; as much for amusements; as much for
pianos, and as much for tobacco as is paid to The
Equitable for life assurance; in a district where, notwithstanding
its great wealth. 80 per cent, of adults

58 T I I E T o R A' () S B U (i
dying leave no estate whatever, 96.8 per cent, leave less
than $5,000, and 98.6 per cent, leave less than $10,000,
the Pittsburgh agency with its enlarged territory, unsurpassed
for its wealth-producing population, has no limit
to future progress. Only a fraction of the field has
been even partially cultivated. More than two-thirds of
its business is secured from one-tenth of its counties
containing only one-third of the total population of the
territory. Four-fifths of its business is secured from
one-fifth of the territory with less than half the total
population. Thirty-seven counties containing a population
oi [,639,433 produce only one-tenth of its business
and are thus practically undeveloped."
Edward A. Woods was born January 1. 1865. and is
the son of Dr. George W Is, for many years Chancellor
ol the Western University of Pennsylvania. He
is a resident of Sewickley; Director of the National
Lank of Western Pennsylvania, of the National Insurance
Company, of the Union Savings Bank, and of the
Irmi City 'Trust Company. Air. Woods is also treasurer
of the Pittsburgh Orchestra, of the Pittsburgh Art Society,
the Alliance Frangaise, and of the Sewickley A'alley
Hospital, lie is a liberal giver t charity. He also
practices what he preaches concerning the gospel of
assurance, being one of the heaviest insured men in the
State, paying premiums on $500,000. He is a deep
student and has probably the finest library in the
Sewickley Valley.
FIRE INSURANCE
THE MODERN BUSINESS MAN HAS WELL LEARNED TO APPRE­
CIATE ABSOLUTE PROTECTION
I he business man and the home owner is wise when
he protects his stock in trade and guards his investment
in a home with insurance. 'The fire insurance of Pittsburgh
totals hundreds of millions and is growing every
year.
I he complete fire loss in Pittsburgh annually is small
compared to other cities of the same class and population.
This is owing in a great measure to the efficiency of the
fire department of the city and the complete water service,
unsurpassed by anv other municipality in the
ci mntrv.
The fire insurance companies of Pittsburgh, besides
dm'ng a large share of the home underwriting, have
agencies in other cities, where their reputation for honest
dealing and quick settlement has commended them to
the confidence of the public. 'There are sixteen local
companies, all managed along the most conservative lines.
'Their officers and directors are Pittsburghers of wealth
and well-known business probity. But these companies,
solvent as thev are, could not undertake to handle all the
risks offered in this community, and this fact accounts
for the representation in Pittsburgh of u^ companies
organized in other States.
G. AT ALEXANDER & SON—Pittsburgh is com­
ing to be recognized as the home of tire insurance com­
panies, and those whose home offices are located in the
district find formidable rivals in the many brokerage
firms which thrive here. Chief among these is the firm
of G. AT Alexander &• Son, with offices in the new Union
Ikmk Building. No insurance firm in the city has a
stronger array of companies to offer to its patrons, The
Loval. New Hampshire, Niagara, Rochester, German.
British America Assurance and Granite State Fire represent
all that is substantial and trustworthy in the insurance
field. The firm was handling the insurance lines
of the |oseph Home Company, at the time of that com­
pany's big tires in 1897 ;mi' '900- G. M. Alexander &
Smi was established in [895 by G. M. Alexander, the
leading factor in the business to-day being Joseph Shea
Alexander. G. M. Alexander was born near Bridgeville,
Allegheny County, July 7, 1828, and died in Pittsburgh
February 2^, 1906. Joseph Shea .Alexander was
born March 4, 1870, the son of G. M. and Margaret
Ellen Alexander. Air. Alexander is a member of the
Pittsburgh Board of 'Trade, Automobile Club of Pittsburgh,
Iron Citv Fishing Club, Hailman Lodge No.
321, F. & A. AT (Past Alaster), Pittsburgh Chapter No.
2(>X, R. A. AT. Tancred Commandery No. 48, K. T.,
Syria 'Temple A. A. O. Al. S., and Pennsylvania Consistery,
S. P. R. S., thirty-second degree.
AALAION & LITTLE—The insurance firm of Amnion
& Little is experienced and successful and has gained
peculiar distinction since its establishment in April, 1899.
Its high standing in the insurance world and with its
customers, gained in less than ten years, is an auspicious
augury of its future career, and its connection with only
well-known and conservative companies is a significant
factor in its prosperity.
Upon the dissolution of the Merchants' & Manufacturers'
Insurance Co. in 1899, the vice-president of that
company. August Amnion, and the assistant secretary,
James Little, formed a partnership as insurance agents,
which continued until the death of Mr. Amnion on May
5, 1902. 'The business was then taken over by Mr. Little,
who has since carried on the affairs of the concern
under the original firm name with a degree of success
that has been remarkable.
Amnion & Little is the representative agent for the
famous Hartford Fire Insurance Company, of Hartford,
( 01111., whose square dealing with policyholders and its
conservative and wise management have made it one of
the biggest concerns of its kind in the country. It also
represents the London Assurance Corporation of London,
Lug., the Boston Insurance Company, of Boston,
Alass., and the Concordia Lire Insurance Company, of
Milwaukee, Wis., which companies by their large dividends,
safe investments, and liberal contracts demonstrate
their safety and equity.

II S T () R Y (J F T S B U R G H 59
"Squire Amnion," as he was familiarly called, died
in Pittsburgh on May 5, 1902.
James Little, the surviving member of the firm, was
also born on the first of June, but some 35 years later,
at Pittsburgh. He has been in the fire insurance business
continually since 1879. His office is 421 Wood
Street.
THE "C. P. C A M P B E L L INSURANC E
AGENCY"—To write a policy, to accept a risk; to
pay a premium, to secure protection; in the transactions
ol fire insurance, either from the points of view of the
company or the policyholder, the agent has a good deal
to do. The selection of the right insurance agency sometimes
means more than the choice of a bank. Established
in Pittsburgh, in 1869, representing some of the
strongest and most reliable fire insurance companies in
Great Britain and the United States, the "C. P. Campbell
Insurance Agency" is in a position to satisfy the most
exacting demands of any honest seeker after fire insurance.
Having the western Pennsylvania agency for
the "London and Lancashire" and the "Orient," companies
that paid to their San Francisco policyholders,
on account of the earthquake fire, $8,750,000. the largest
amount ever paid by any company because of one
disaster, .and then had left a surplus of $1,341,419;
Pittsburgh agents for the Caledonian Insurance Company,
the oldest Scottish insurance institution, the Colonial
Insurance Company of New York, the Federal
Insurance Company of New Jersey, and the Ben Franklin
Insurance Company of Allegheny, at the Campbell
office, at 2t,j Fourth Avenue, is to lie obtained fire insurance
not only of the best description, but of unquestioned
reliability. In A. Campbell Stewart, the manager
of the "C. P. Campbell Insurance Agency." the
companies above named have certainly secured a worthy
and most successful representative.
W. L. CLARK COAI PAN A'—Perhaps no insurance
agency of Pittsburgh is more widely and well known
than the AY L. Clark Company. All classes of insurance
are handled by it with the exception of life insurance,
and as regards volume of business and the character
of the companies represented, this company is one
of the foremost in Pittsburgh.
'The company has a thoroughly organized and
equipped insurance office at 307 Fourth Avenue, but does
not confine its operations to the Pittsburgh district alone.
Insurance may be placed by it in any part of the L/nited
States and Canada. It has a New York City branch
office at 05 William Street. 'This is a distinctive feature
of the concern, no other insurance firm of Pittsburgh
having a New York office. It also has a correspondent
m London for placing its foreign insurance.
Lire, marine, plate glass, boiler, automobile, and in
fact insurance against all accidents incident to the loca­
tion in a community where activity, is great and risks
correspondingly numerous, is placed by this company.
It represents the following companies: The Sun Insurance
Company, of London, Eng.; the Spring Garden
Company, of Philadelphia; the Insurance Underwriters;
the Richmond Insurance Company, of New Jersey; the
Pacific; the Stuvvesant; the Insurance Company of
North America; the Maryland Casualty Company, of
Baltimore, and the U. S. Lloyds, of New York City.
'The last two companies insure automobiles.
The firm was established in 1906 with a corporate
capital of $50,000. W. L. (.'lark is the president, and
the other officers are C. H. Shaner, W. F. Kleber and
A. E. Claney.
COLLINGWOOD & SON—'The corporation of
Collingvvood & Son is one of the oldest insurance firms
II. F. COLLINGWOOD
in Allegheny County, having been established in 1853.
Its business is extensive and embraces all fire, rent,
tornado, employers' liability and boiler insurance. Its
officers are in the Columbia Lank Building at Fourth
Avenue and Wood Street.
'The company was established as a partnership between
Robert C. Loomis and William Collingvvood under
the firm name of Loomis & Collingwood. 'This firm
was dissolved by mutual consent May 1, 1885, and a
new firm organized under the name of William Collingwood
& Son, William and David I-". Collingwood constituting
the company until the death of the former in
November, 1902, at which time AT L. Collingwood,
widow of William Collingwood and mother of David
Collingwood, entered the firm. January 1, 1907, the
corporation of Collingvvood & Son was effected, and

6o S T o R Y Q S U R G H
those interested are AT L. Collingwood, David F. Collingwood,
who is president, and David J. McAfee, who
is secretary and treasurer.
David J. Collingwood is distinctively a Pittsburgher.
Although a Republican in politics, he was elected county
treasurer on the Citizens-Democratic ticket in 1902 and
served the county in that capacity during the years
1903-1904-1905. He is a director in the Keystone National
Lank, a trustee in the Dollar Savings Lank, a
director in the Union Electric Company, a member of
the Pittsburgh Club, and a Mason of the thirty-third
degree.
EDWARDS, GEORGE & CO.—As regards responsibility,
character of companies represented, and
volume of business, Edwards, George & Co. are in the
front rank of insurance firms in this city. Organized
earlv in 1905 by the consolidation of the insurance interests
of Ogden AT Edwards & George Bros., it has become
one of the biggest concerns of its kind in western
Pennsylvania and represents the largest, strongest and
best known companies in their several lines of insurance,
viz.: tire, liability, accident, burglary, boiler and plate
glass.
Ogden AT Edwards, William I). George, II. E. Mc-
LeLey and Francis S. Guthrie are the men who are the
components of the firm—each one of able and tried insurance
experience, utmost reliability and unquestioned
standing. Thev brought to the organization the agencies
and business of their several companies—a total of
seven—whose names alone are a guarantee and safeguard
to each and ever}- policyholder. 'Their offices are
at Loom fiio, 248 Fourth Avenue. Pittsburgh.
Companies represented. Assets Jan. 1, 1907.
Aetna Insurance Company, Hartford $15,950,844
Liverpool & London & Globe *i2,335.96i
National Fire of Hartford 7,076,852
New York Underwriters 19,054,843
Firemen's of Newark 4,394,068
Employers' Liability Assurance Corporation
3,910,517
Aetna Indemnity Company 1,148,898
* United States Assets.
Those of the above companies involved in the San
Francisco disaster paid losses as follows:
Aetna Insurance Company $3,500,000
National Fire 2,500,000
Liverpool & London & Globe 4,500,000
New York Underwriters 4.200,000
FRED W KILLLL—One of the best known general
insurance agencies in Pittsburgh is that of Fred W.
Kiefer, which was established in March, 1888. and is
now located in rooms 303 and 305 Commonwealth
Building, 316 Fourth Avenue.
Air. Liefer has represented the North British &
Mercantile Insurance Co. of London and Edinburgh since
1882 and was appointed its resident secretary in 1888
with authority to adjust losses and issue drafts in pay­
ment for the same, this being the first appointment with
this authority by anv foreign or large agency company
for Pittsburgh and western Pennsylvania.
'The subject of insurance in all its branches is given
special attention by this agency, the wants of insurers
are carefully considered, and the best of attention is
accorded. 'The agency is prepared to give the best pos­
sible service.
This office does a general insurance business, representing
some of the oldest and strongest foreign and
American fire insurance companies with assets of more
than twenty-five million dollars. The companies in this
agency paid over six million dollars in the great San
Francisco fire, and have successfully withstood all the
important conflagrations of this country. All losses in
this territory are promptly adjusted and settled at this
1 iffice.
The offices are conveniently located mi the third floor
of the new Commonwealth Building and are arranged
with all the modern conveniences for prompt service of
patrons. One of the recommendations of this agency
is its prompt and satisfactory dealings with most of the
prominent industries and concerns in western Pennsylvania.
E. C. KLEINMAN—Of German parentage, born in
Pittsburgh in 1859. raised on a farm in Neville Township,
following, until he was 30 years of age, the peaceful
but not unprofitable avocation of a market gardener,
E. C. Kleinman in later years has achieved considerable
success in banking and fire insurance brokerage. His
office is 27,y Fourth Avenue.
I hough he first engaged in fire insurance brokerage,
in which business he still continues in Pittsburgh, it was
through his banking interests at McKees Rocks, perhaps,
that Mr. Kleinman is best known. Until recently
he was president of the First National Bank of McKees
Rocks, which institution he helped to organize. And he
still retains the presidency of the McKees Rocks Trust
Company.
Air. Kleinman is an Elk, an Odd Fellow and a member
of the Royal Arcanum. Also he is a baseball enthusiast.
'Through his assistance is maintained one of
the best semi-professional teams in this part of the
country. 'The record made by the Coraopolis nine in the
past season is an excellent justification of Air. Kleinman's
interest in the national game. Despite his years
and the fact that he is a bank president, Mr. Kleinman
can slide around the bases at a gait that yet makes youngprofessionals
envious. And his ability as a twirler is
amply attested. Last summer against a strong team of
semiprofessionals he pitched a "no-hit game."

II E S () R Y o F P I T T S B U R G II 61
LIGGETT, LENNOX & VV ATKINS—This enterprising
firm, although only about three years old, has
commanded wide recognition in the local business com­
munity. It is composed of Dudley S. Liggett, Snow den
G. Lennox and Clarence A'. Watkins, all energetic young
men—young in years, but old in valuable experience.
Mr. Liggett is a son of S. B. Liggett, secretary of the
Pennsylvania lines west of Pittsburgh, and is a graduate
of the engineering department of the Western University
of Pennsylvania. Air. Lennox was first a messenger for
the Western Union Telegraph Company and learned the
real estate business in the office of Black & Gloninger.
He is a member of the select council from the 17th
ward. Air. Watkins was
office manager for a well
known local insurance com­
pany.
This firm occupies a
suite of six rooms on the
eighth floor of the Peoples'
Lank- Building at Fourth
Avenue and Wood Street
in the center of the financial
district. Its business
covers fire, liability, accident,
burglary, boiler and
plate glass insurance, fidelity
bonds, real estate and
mortgages. It represented
the Pennsylvania lines west
of Pittsburgh in the purchase
of property for track
elevation in Allegheny City,
and has been interested in
marketing a number of
I a r g e properties in the
down-town district and
miter Penn /Avenue. With
J. 11. Armstrong this firm
presented the site which
was accepted for the new
post office at Penn Avenue,
MAJOR VV". 1',. McCANDLESS
15th and 16th Streets. Its business is large and rapidly
increasing, g 1 evidence that the public appreciate ability.
W. G. McCANDLESS & SONS—Major W. G. Mc-
Candless, president of the Allegheny County board of
tire underwriters, is the senior member of the firm of
W. O. McCandless & Sons, with offices at 243-245
Fourth Avenue. Pittsburgh. After serving through the
war of the rebellion, enlisting as a private in the 'Twelfth
Pennsylvania Infantry, and being mustered out as
maim- of the Fifth Pennsylvania Cavalry, he associated
himself with Major T. Brent Swearingen in the insurance
business, establishing the linn of Swearingen & Mc-
Candless in 1867, doing a local and general agency busi­
r
7 , -
ness. On the retirement of Major Swearingen. a number
of years ago, the linn was changed to \\ . G. Mc­
Candless & Smi. the Major taking in his son, George
AT McCandless, as junior partner, and later, owing to
increase of the business, taking into the firm his other
son, Harry D. McCandless, the firm now being W. G.
Mc( landless & Sons.
'This firm represents the Tire Association, Phoenix,
of Hartford; Commercial Union, Connecticut, of Hartford,
and Assurance Company of America, being some
of the largest foreign and American companies underwriting
fire. rent, marine, cyclone, steam boiler, automobile,
plate glass, burglary, accident, liability and
casualty insurance. 'The linn
has a large acquaintance
and enjoys a large direct
business, controlling many
1 *
•
MR
B T - ' M
flfcfe* k^
1 ^^. .^^ ^JM
\ 0
•
";", • i ":
«
© '•
large lines of insurance.
'The Board of Underwriters
was organized in
1S71 shortly after the ('hicago
fire, Major McCandless
being elected president
that vear. which office hehas
held continuously ever
since, owing his re-elections
to his popularity among the
insurance profession and to
his fairness and impartiality
as a presiding officer.
The Pittsburgh board is one
of the strongest organizations
of its kind, and has
held together longer than
anv other in the country.
Members of this firm
report Pittsburgh as one of
the best insurance centers
in the country, as property
owners and business men
generally adhere closely to
the policy of absolute se-
curity through the elimination of all risk.
THEO. A. MOTHERAL—Mr. Motheral is one of
the best known insurance men of Pittsburgh, having
been successfully engaged in the business for about 2^
years. He is a son of George W. Motheral, a former
steamboat outfitter, and was born and raised in Allegheny
Citv. He received his education at the tilth ward,
Allegheny, public school, and at Newell Institute, Pittsburgh.
He is 41 years of age and a bachelor, although
he does not consider the latter fact as important in his
business.
Air. Motheral has been in the tire insurance business
during all of his business career, first with

02 o R Y 0 F 1 T T S U R G H
the Delaware Insurance Company, then with Peter
A. Madeira, then with T. Dale Jennings. He formed
the firm of Motheral & Lea in [892, and succeeded
that firm in 1004. His offices are in the big
Arrott Building at Fourth Avenue and Wood Street in
the midst of the down-town business and financial dis­
trict, where he represents the Delaware Insurance Company,
the Philadelphia Underwriters, the Franklin Fire
Insurance Company, the American Bonding Company,
the Philadelphia Casualty Company, and other reliable
concerns, lie is vice-president of the Merchants' Savings
& 'Trust (A.
Air. Motheral Tunis time to take some interest in
social recreation, and is a director of the Brighton
Country Club of Allegheny, and other organizations outside
of purely business connections. He has never held
or sought political office.
NATIONAL UNION FIRE INSURANCE COM­
PANY—Shortly after the San Francisco disaster of
1906 the following item appeared in many newspapers:
"The National Union Tire Insurance Company of
Pittsburgh was one of the largest losers in the San
Francisco fire, has levied an assessment of 140 per cent.
upon its stockholders to make good the impairment of
assets. A syndicate of common stockholders and others,
including many representative business men, has subscribed
the sum of $1,050,000. which is 140 per cent.
1 if the capital."
Commenting mi this paragraph a local journal of
wide circulation said among other flattering things:
"In the entire United States there are but one or two
other companies which have taken such an honorable
step, at great personal financial sacrifice, to make up San
Francisco losses. 'The personal assessment is a voluntary
action, which could never have been enforced by
process of law. Other companies by the score, not only
in this country but in others, have endeavored to shirk
their legal obligations and have admitted no moral obligations
whatever. The Pittsburgh business men have,
therefore, set a notable example. It is not an inexpensive
precedent, either, as we have seen, because Pittsburgh's
loss was unusually heavy, and the temptation
to shirk, as so many others were doing, was large."
'This action by the National Union has never been
regretted. It fully sustained its reputation for fair dealing,
and since the California catastrophe its business has
shown marked gains, indicating the loyalty of its agents
and clientele.
This company was organized in 1901. its founder
and first president being the late James W. Arrott, who
was succeeded by J. H. Willock, who was in turn succeeded
by E. E. Cole, secretary since the company's
inception. 'The roster of present officers and directors,
which indicates the strength of the company, is made
up of the following well known gentlemen:
Officers—E. E. Cole, president; A. W. Mellon, vice-
president; IT C. Bughman, treasurer; B. D. Cole, secretary,
and J. F. Magee, assistant secretary.
Directors—A\'m. L. Abbott. T. AT Armstrong, J.
Stuart Brown, H. C. Bughman, II. Buhl, Jr., E. E. Cole,
John Farrell, IT C. Frick, James B. Haines, Jr., B, F.
Jones, Jr., John IT Jones. James H. Lockhart, A. \Y
Mellon, Ceo. T. Oliver. D. B. Oliver, H. K. Porter. A.
C. Robinson, Wm. B. Schiller. Leopold Vilsack, Wm.
Witherow and Edward A. Woods.
'The company organized with paid-up capital of
$200,000, and paid-in surplus of $100,000—each increased
before the close of the year to $500,000 and
$250,000 respectively. In 1902 the capital was increased
to $750,000, and surplus to $375,000, and paid in cash.
'The net premium income for 1901 was $169,000; for
1902, $508,000; 1903, $713,000; 1904, $950,000; 1905,
$1,175,000; 1906, $1,230,000.
In 1004 the company paid in full losses exceeding
$135,000 incurred in the Baltimore and Rochester conflagrations.
It paid in 1906 to San Francisco loss claimants
$1,356,270.
The offices of the company are in the Arrott Building.
UNION INSURANCE. COMPANY OF PITTS­
BURGH— The Union Insurance Company of Pittsburgh,
one of the city's strong local institutions, has
always been conducted along conservative, yet progressive,
lines. It was organized in 1871 and has since held
a high place in the State's fire insurance business. Its
headquarters are in the Commonwealth Building.
'The company's business is largely in Pennsylvania.
with an agency in Chicago and limited surplus lines in
New York. Its mortgage loans are all first liens upon
improved Allegheny County property, worth double the
amount loaned. Its stock and bond investments are of
the highest class. Stockholders received 6 per cent, from
the company for 20 years without interruption until
1905. when this was increased to 7 per cent., with additions
each year to the surplus. 'The company's statement
of January 1. 1907, showed:
Assets—Mortgages, $117,589.99; bonds and stocks,
$76,125; cash in bank and office, $12,384.78; accrued
interest on securities, $2,472.92; agents' balance, net,
$4,645.51; book accounts. $1,292.82; total, $214,-
511.02. Liabilities—Capital stock, $100,000; re-insurance
reserve, $32,708.25; unpaid losses, $2,621.11; all
other demands, $1,731.98; net surplus, $77,449.68; total.
$214,51 1.02. 'There is an authorized capital of $200,000
In this company's personnel are some of the most
prominent and influential business men. A. W. Mellon,
who has been president since 1884, is also president of
the Mellon National Bank. 'Thomas Walker, vice-president,
is a well known Pittsburgh manufacturer. J. W.
J. AlcLain has been secretary since the company was
formed—sufficient attest to his ability. Edwin J.

t h e S T O R Y O F I T T IT R G I 63
Krueger, general agent, has rounded out 12 years of
creditable connection with the corporation. 'The directors
are A. AAr. Mellon, Thomas A\ralker, James H.
Lockhart, (diaries R. Fenderich, M. P.. Cochran, Samuel
Jarvis, E. J. Krueger, John T. Findley, Fager J. Shidle,
'Thomas C. Lazear and T. A. Mellon.
"The future of our business," says the company's
management, "depends largely upon betterment of the
city's water supply and upon placing fire department employees
under civil service regulations. A\re recommend
the establishment of a high-pressure system of water
supply in the downtown or congested district, to be used
for fire purposes only, such as is now in successful operation
in Philadelphia."
TITLE INSURANCE
CONVEYANCE OF TITLE GREATLY FACILITATED BY THIS METHOD
OF RELIABLE SECURITY
'Title guaranteeing is the right arm of real estate
transactions in Greater Pittsburgh, for no person contemplating
buying a piece of property would pay one
cent until the title was searched and the prospective
buyer was insured against loss. In Pittsburgh title
searching and insuring gives entire satisfaction because
it is always thorough. The title is looked up clear backto
the time the Indians deeded the land to the white
settlers, and from them to the present, each sale, mortgage,
lien or other transaction or incumbrance being
thoroughly looked into. Pittsburgh's foremost position
as a realty center naturally gives plenty of work to title
searchers and insurers, and in few other cities is the
work more important than in Pittsburgh, where high
values make painstaking work absolutely necessary.
UNION-FIDELITY TITLE INSURANCE COM­
PANY—'The Union-Fidelity Title Insurance Company
of Pittsburgh was established in February, 1903. to take
oyer the title insurance business and record plant of the
Fidelity Title & Trust Co., of Pittsburgh, which was
incorporated November 2"/, 1886. The Union-Fidelity's
officers are: President, John C. Slack, who is also gen­
eral counsel; title officer and secretary, John W. Chalfant,
Jr.; treasurer, C. H. 'Taylor. 'The soliciting de­
partment is in charge of G. C. Highbie, who was identified
with the 'Title Guarantee & 'Trust Co.. of New
York, several years. 'The company's directors are John
C. Slack, John B. Jackson. I). E. Park, R. B. Mellon,
A. W. Mellon, John R. McGinley, J. J. Donnell, H. C.
McEldowney and Robert Pitcairn. 'The company is lo­
cated in the Fidelity Building at 343 Fourth Avenue.
Pittsburgh, where an able force of 64 clerks is employed.
Its financial status may be seen from the following:
Capital, $250,000; resources, $290,000: undivided
profits. $40,000; last annual dividend. October, 190(1, 10
per cent.
'The Union-Fidelity Company's history began with
the record plant of 1873. 'That plant had been founded
by AT E. Cozad & Co.. then became the property of the
'Title Insurance Company, and in 1886 was purchased.
together with the title business of the latter company,
by the Fidelity 'Title & 'Trust Co. Originally the plant
embraced extracts of county records and a locality index
and hail valuable plans, surveys, family trees and other
information invaluable to title examination and not
found on record. As taken over by the Union-Fidelity
Company the plant embraced these features and others
added by the Fidelity Company, and, in addition, now
contains accurate copies of every record deed, mortgage
(open and satisfied I, sheriff's deeds, wills, partition proceedings
and every other proceeding affecting real estate
or the legal disabilities of persons or corporations, such
as divorce proceedings, lunacy and habitual drunkard
inquisitions, feme sole trader's petitions, and appointment
of guardians and trustees. By an elaborate indexed
system, the company can tell at a glance the complete
status of any lot of ground in a recorded plan or
subdivision, including the complete chain of title for
each lot from the time of the Penns or Commonwealth
ownership to the present. This locality indexing system
dispenses with long and dangerous name searches.
This magnitude of information enables the company to
save the insured from possible future developments,
troublesome, at least, and in many cases involving financial
loss.
Air. Slack, the president and general counsel, one of
the best known attorneys of the Allegheny County bar,
has made a specialty of real property law. He became
title officer of the Fidelity Company in 1889. 'Title insurance,
then experimental, has become an assured fact,
supporting several established companies and filling a
long-felt need. Air. Slack being one of its chief exponents.
Mr. Chalfant, the title officer, became assistant
title officer of the Fidelity Company in May, 1901, under
Mr. Slack. His duties as secretary of the Union-
Fidelity are merely nominal, and his connection is,
therefore, entirely professional.
REAL ESTATE
THE SPLENDID GROWTH OF PITTSBURGH'S REAL ESTATE VALUES
DUE TO LOCAL ENERGY
With Greater New York the only citv in the country
leading it in real estate value, Pittsburgh realty transactions
naturally are a very pretentious and important
feature in Pittsburgh prosperity. Within the citv there
are records of fabulous prices for centrally located busi­
ness properties.
In Pittsburgh's outlying districts, lot plans, dotted with
modest homes bought at modest juices, illustrate better
than figures how realty activity stretches to all corners
of the Pittsburgh district. Realty operations in Pitts-

64 S T 0 Y 0 F ] T T S J! U G II
burgh in the last score of years have been a continual
session ol buying and building mi a great scale.
I" the outsider there are three impressive features
in Pittsburgh realty—the high prices it is possible to get
lor property, especially in the business section; the way
these values are maintained even in times of panic, and
the ability of Pittsburghers of even small means to buy
and own their own homes. It is vouchsafed that more
Pittsburghers working mi salary own their own homes
than is true proportionately of any other citv in the
country.
Figures compiled in 1907 give the average value of
land 111 Pittsburgh as $31,530 per square mile. In New
York ( itv the valuation is $213,400 a square mile.
Boston valuations are nearly
Si0.000 a square mile
less than those in Littsburgh.
and St. Louis, Detroit,
Baltimore and other
large cities fall far below
the Steel ('itv's r ecu r d.
Pittsburgh's greatest year
of building was in Igor,
when 4,405 permits were issued
for a total of $19,-
5(17,474 worth of construction
enterprises. Much of
this went inti 1 homes in the
then old city of Pittsburgh.
In the building of small
lioines Pittsburgh has fewpeers
anywhere;
THE ARONSON EN-
T E RPR IS E S —Take
v out h, ambition, ability,
energy, opportunity, perseverance,
money, shrewdness
and g 1 judgment, add
them together, multiply by
four and the result is—the
An mson enterprise.
In Pittsburgh, in the past few years, four brothers,
all young men, working together, have accomplished
more than can probably be shown by a similar quartette
anywhere. In law. banking, insurance, real estate and
allied businesses, in this city, the prestige and success of
the Aronsons are favorably and frequently commented
upon; it speaks volumes in praise of this family organization
that from the outset young men could do in a
variety ol ways so well as these four brothers have
done. From such a beginning future growth of portentious
magnitude must be predicted.
Eight years ago. at 518 Fourth Avenue, was opened
a new law office. There was established the law business
of I. Leonard Aronson, aged 21, who had just been
LEONARD ARONSON
admitted to the Allegheny County bar. Despite his
youthful appearance, 1. Leonard Aronson speedily proved
that he was competent to practice law successfully. His
success in important cases soon built up a lucrative prac­
tice. Later, when Harry AT attained his majority and
gained admittance to the legal profession, was formed
the law firm of Aronson & Aronson. 'The partnership
of the two brothers prospered right from the start; it
continued to grow in influence and standing, and to-day
the well-known firm of Aronson & Aronson has enviable
prominence among the successful legal practitioners of
Pittsburgh.
I. Leonard Aronson was one of the first to see the
future value of real estate in the regions roundabout
the "Hump" and "Hill."
.More especially to accom­
modate the foreign population
of the congested districts
in the matter of plac­
ing mortgages and handling
real estate transactions, the
brut hers organized the
Aronson Realty Company,
which was incorporated under
the laws of Pennsyl­
vania and capitalized at
$100,000. One small room
at 704 Fifth Avenue sufficed
at first for the office of the
company but the business
grew with such rapidity that
larger quarters were very
soon an imperious necessity.
A perpetual lease on the
building at the corner of
Tilth Avenue and Tunnell
Street was secured, and the
remodeled structure is now
known as the Aronson
Building, w h e r e i n a r e
housed all the Aronson
C m p a n i e s. More and
more betore public notice were placed the pendingpossibilities
of the Hump and Hill district. Since
the Aronson Brothers established their business real
estate values in that vicinity have considerably increased.
The lowering of Fifth Avenue, one of the most
advantageous schemes the city of Pittsburgh has in view,
will make many changes for the better, and a great rise
m property values in the section involved is absolutely
certain. Around the modern ten-story office building
winch the Aronsons now contemplate building will be
one of the busiest neighboi-h Is in the city.
'The success of the Realty Company was so pro­
nounced and immediate that the Aronsons decided to
widen the field of their operations. 'The concern of

H S 0 R Y () F S B U R Cx I 65
"Aronson Bros., Bankers" was incorporated in September,
1903, with a paid-up capital of $300,000 to do a
general banking, brokerage and foreign exchange busi­
ness. There were promising openings also in other directions;
that good business opportunities might not be
neglected, the Leal Estate Auction Company (the name
of which is sufficiently explanatory), with a capital of
$25,000, and the Lawyers' Oil & Gas C. (capital
$75-000), formed to do a general business in oil
and gas, were incorporated by the Aronsons. 'The substantial
returns from these enterprises stimulated the
Aronsons to engage in larger things. Next thev obtained
a charter for the Leal Estate Savings & Loan Association,
with a capitalization of $1,000,000. 'This company makes
loans on real estate mi weekly, monthly and yearly payments,
and nianv who are desirous of owning homes are
eagerly taking advantage of the terms offered. Other
companies organized by the Aronsons are the Aronsonia
Improvement Company and the Standard Construction
Company, combining in the Aronson enterprises a capital
and surplus of over $1,500,000. I. Leonard Aronson is
President of all these companies, and Harry AT Aronson
is Secretary and 'Treasurer of all the Aronson enter­
prises.
To the two other brothers, Joseph A. Aronson and
Jacob A. Aronson, are assigned various important
LEADING OFFICE BUILDINGS REPRESENTED BY AVEY & IRISH
duties. All of these splendid investments belong to the
four brothers. No outsiders are interested. Jacob H.
Aronson, the youngest of the brothers, though but 24
years old, is recognized as one of the shrewdest real
estate experts in Pittsburgh. Besides his interests 111 the
Aronson enterprises previously mentioned, I. Leonard
Aronson is a heavy owner of valuable down-town prop-
erty, and is identified with some of the city's most substantial
financial and commercial institutions. I hat
business magic which makes everything he may touch
turn into gold, is his, but he is not so absorbed in moneymaking
as to be forgetful of his social or civic duties.
He is a public-spirited citizen, mie of the kind that makes
for greater Pittsburgh's exalted future. And the same
high compliment may be paid to his brothers.
The genius and enterprise of the Aronsons, as developed
so far, is shown by the fact that, besides conducting
a large law office, thev own and operate a realty
company (that has as one of its features over 4,000
tenants mi its rent roll ). two banks and four other thriving
companies, the management of any one of which
would afford ample scope for the ability of four ordinary
men, and vet all are ably managed by the Aronsons.
AVEY & IRISH—Possessing the distinction of being
the mily real estate company in Pittsburgh which
handles business properties exclusively. Avey & Irish,
the firm of hustling young realty operators who conduct
a firmly entrenched business from a suite of offices in
the Union Bank Building, occupy a unique position in
the citv's commercial life.
Avey & Irish—A\\ A. Avey and F. C. Irish—began
doing business as a partnership October 1. 1904.
Prosperity has not changed the firm in its original
purpose to deal only in business holdings. 'This policy
has been adhered to rigidly since the inception of the
concern, and results have proved the wisdom of this
method of procedure.
'The firm has a renting list which embraces not only
the largest office buildings, but the largest number of
office buildings handled by any agent in Pittsburgh. 'The

66 FI S T O R Y O F P I T T S B U R G H
name Avey & Irish, as agent for this or that sky-scraper,
is familiar to the thousands who daily traverse the center
of Pittsburgh business activity. Among the structures
the firm is agent for are the Union Bank Building, one
of the finest structures in the world; the Home Trust
Building, the Curry Building, the Berger Building, and
the Wabash Station Building, the latter having the largest
area per floor of any structure in Pittsburgh.
Nor has the concern stopped simply at being renting
agents. It has given special attention to developing non­
productive properties, and at least one of the very high
buildings it is agent for was erected by the owner at the
suggestion of Avery & Irish. This structure is the
Berger Building, and the history of the purchase of the
ground and erection of the building reads like a page
from fiction.
'I he site of the Berger Building was purchased by
Avey & Irish over the ocean cable, while the former
owner was in Cairo. Egypt, for a quarter of a million
dollars. A buyer had been secured, and in an incredibly
short time a 15-story structure, one of the best paying
investments in the citv. had arisen phoenixlike upon the
ashes of a neglected investment. Similarly the Curry
Building at Fourth Avenue and Ross Street, the eightstory
structure at Penn Avenue and Eighth Street, and
the Seif Building at 'Third Avenue and Ferry Street.
'Three years ago this firm pointed out the possibilities
of the Wabash 'Terminal properties, which comprise four
squares beneath the elevated tracks of the Wabash Pittsburgh
'Terminal Railroad, and had not been intended for
occupancy. 'The result is the splendid system of warehouses,
where dealers have their freight dropped by elevators
direct from the cars to their stores, thus saving
thousands of dollars in drayage charges. Besides, the
Avev & Irish suggestion proved a real boon to the general
public by transplanting the entire produce commission
fraternity from Libert}- Street to Ferry.
Avev & Irish, in addition to the reputation it has
established, offer to clients the safeguard of having a
financial responsibility that is unquestioned.
GEORGE BROTHERS—The real estate, brokerage
and management firm of George Bros., the integrity of
which has been so well established during the twelve
vears of its busy career, has control of some of the finest
properties in Pittsburgh and its suburbs.
'The firm was incorporated in 1895 a°d consists of
the following members: \Y. D. George, president; D.
LI. Wallace, vice-president; C. F. Chubb, vice-president
and treasurer; F. S. Guthrie, secretary. The offices of
the company were formerly at 941 Liberty Street: they
are now located in the Columbia Bank Building.
'The business career of W. D. George began when
he was employed as messenger by the Mechanics' National
Lank. He then became successively Cleariiif
House Clerk for the same bank, bookkeeper for the
Tradesmen's National Bank, and finally a member of
the firm of George Bros. He is also president of the
Realty Corporation of Pittsburgh, a member of the firm
of Edwards, George & Co., and a director of the Peo­
ples' National Bank and the Safe Deposit & Trust Co.
C. F. Chubb is a graduate of the University of
Michigan, and comes of splendid English and Welsh
parentage, some of his maternal ancestors having come
over in the Mayflower. He is treasurer of the Pitts­
burgh Realty Corporation, and vice-president of the Tenement
Improvement Company.
After a varied experience in different lines of business
in New York and New Jersey, Francis S. Guthrie
in 1899 accepted a position as broker with George Bros.,
and for eight years has been very successful in his connection
with this firm.
J. II. GOEHRING—Pittsburgh's wonderful industrial
progress has been accompanied by a correspondingappreciation
of values in real estate. During recent
years but few American cities, in realty transactions of
importance, have equalled Pittsburgh. Here the successful
real estate agent is not the persuasive "boomer"
that he is in some places. Rather is he a shrewd, careful
and discriminating appraiser of property. As values
have increased much more rapidly in certain sections
than in others, he who handles realty must be thorough.
up to date and always well posted. To make purchases
or loans to best advantage, capitalists advisedly secure
the services of an expert. In selling or leasing the same
rule applies. A successful specialist in real estate and
mortgages is J. H. Goehring. Keeping constantly in
touch with all the latest phases of realty development,
knowing thoroughly every part of the city that offers
favorable opportunities for judicious investment, being
an acknowledged judge of values and having excellent
financial connections, he is in a position to do any and
all business in his line most satisfactorily.
REAL ESTATE SECURITY COMPANY—This
flourishing new company was incorporated Ian. 22,
1906, under the laws of Pennsylvania, to do a general
real estate agency business, including the selling, renting
and mortgaging of real estate, placing fire insurance, etc.
Its officers are S. W. Crosby, president; W. D. Green.
vice-president; W. P. McCormick, treasurer; J". T.
Wheatly, secretary, and Chancy Lobingier, counsel. Its
capital stock is $25,000, with offices at 429-432 Frick
Building.
This company during its first year's business was"
the broker in the sale of many important pieces of downtown
property, notably in the purchase from I. L. Aronson
of the property at Sixth and Wvlie Avenues; from
Margaret Pollock of the property at 53-' Sixth Avenue;
m the purchase by Joseph T. Nevin, formerly of the
"Leader," of two pieces of property on Wylie Avenue,

Fl E S T O R Y O F s U R G I 67
near Sixth Avenue; the purchase by E. A. Kitzmiller of
the apartment house at the northeast corner of Ross and
ALU Streets, Wilkinsburg, Pa. It is now acting as the
exclusive selling agent of the property of 'The Hempstead
Greens Land Company on Long Island, New York.
'The mortgage department of the company's business
has been under the management of the secretary of the
company, J. T. Wheatly, and has been the most productive
of the several branches of the company's business.
THE SCHENLEY FARMS COMPANY—In the
geographical center of greater Pittsburgh lie what were
mice the Schenley farms. Originally conveyed, subject
to a yearly quit rent of one pepper corn, by William
Penn to Edward Smith, 011 January 24, 1791, for three
hundred and ten pounds sterling; retained in the possession
of the O'Haras and their descendents for one hundred
and four years, during which time it was the policy
of the owners neither to sell nor improve the property,
but merely to lease it; after the death of Mrs. Schenley
this desirable real estate was placed in the hands of
Andrew Carnegie, Denny Brereton and J. AY. Herron as
trustees, and by said trustees sold and transferred on
April 15, 1905, to the Schenley Farms Company; thus
for over a century maintained intact, kept vacant despite
the pressure exerted in successive stages of Pittsburgh's
expansion, reserved for futurity until now; these inviting
building sites appeal almost irresistibly to prospective
buyers.
' Located mi Fifth Av bquet Street. Center Ave­
nue, Bellefield Avenue ! orbes Street, the property
VIEW OF SCHENLEY FARMS
may be reached by nearly every car line in the city via
Fifth Avenue. Forbes Street or Center Avenue. From
the "down-town" part of Pittsburgh the journey by
street car requires fourteen minutes; it takes twelve
minutes to travel out there by trolley from either Last
Liberty or the Southside; fourteen minutes is schedule
time from Wilkinsburg; from Allegheny or Homestead
the ride is of twenty minutes' duration; the only driveway
from the residential sections of the city to the business
district passes directly through the property and
connects the old Grant Boulevard at Center Avenue with
Schenley Park at Forbes Street; automobiles make the
trip from Schenley Farms to "the point" in eight minutes;
also under consideration are two subways, which
may be begun in the near future. When these subways
are constructed, one will have a station at the corner of
Boquet and Bayard Streets; mi the other is planned a
station at Center Avenue and the Boulevard. By subway
one may go down-town in five minutes from Schenley
Farms. In Junction Hollow, near Forbes Street, the
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad plans to build soon a fine
passenger station.
'To the natural advantages of the tract the company
proposes to add all the beauty and sightliness that may
be brought into being by the landscape gardner's art.
To begin with, there are no disagreeable or unsanitary
environments. No objectionable neighborhood is near.
Adjoining the property is Schenley Park; within a short
distance are the Carnegie Library, the Carnegie Technical
Schools, the Phipps Conservatories, and the Schenlev
Hotel; in the immediate vicinity are a number of
noted churches of different denominations; near by will

68 S T O R Y O S B U R G H
be built the new million-dollar high school: admittedly
the Schenley harms property is safeguarded from undesirable
neighbors by the permanent improvements
made on the surrounding land. Favored extraordinarily
in this respect, the company will neglect no opportunity
or feature of development. Asphalted streets, granolithic
sidewalks, curbing of concrete that will show an
unbroken line from corner to corner, streets lined with
shade trees, lights suspended from ornamental iron
Irames instead of unsightly vv len poles, property arranged
so that lots on either side of the street will show
a uniform terrace effect, these are outward appearances
that attract: looking beneath the surface intending purchasers
may be assured that in the installations of the
various systems of water, gas and sewerage the utmost
care has been taken to maintain and possibly improve
m m
'Si,' -
- . 1-.
upon conditions that make for health and comfort. All
service lines for water, gas and electricity, as well as
the sewers, will be under the sidewalks.
The residences built mi the property will be in accord
with the environment and of the best character in
every respect. Restrictions as to building will eliminate
the possibility of anv but the most attractive construction.
Here the home builder is offered not only a safe
and remunerative investment, but also an Opportunity
to secure the most desirable residential property in Pittsburgh.
'The officers of the Schenley Farms Company are
F. F. Nicola, president; W. G. Lock, vice-president, and
O. P. Nicola, secretary. 'The company is capitalized at
$750,000. Its office is at 507 Fifth Avenue.
At Schenley Farms the company is making greater
VIEW OF SCHENLEY FARMS
and more marked improvements than have heretofore
been attempted in the development of property. To the
provident investor, to the man of means who wishes to
establish himself in a home that is all that an up-to-date
American citv home should lie, the Schenley Farms Company
offers inducements that are substantial and attrac­
tive to those who appreciate beauty of location.
W. I. TENER & CO.—No real estate firm is better
nr more favorably known than W. J. Tener & Co. Be­
sides its land business it is also engaged in the renting
and insurance business, in all of which departments it is
a solid, substantial establishment which has made rapid
and especially noteworthy advance in the comparatively
short period of its existence, both in its volume of business
and in its practical assistance rendered in the up-
^:-.J_l.ffl.lt.iL
building and protection of the homes and business
houses of the city and community. Working not exclusively
from mercenary motives as some do, Mr. Tener
takes a practical personal interest in his business clientele
that inculcates a confidence and an assurance on the part
ot his associates and customers otherwise impossible to
obtain.
The companies represented by him in the insurance
business are all well known and secure institutions, having
relieved in many instances the risks attendant upon
a city of such crowded activity and population as Pittsburgh,
meeting their obligations fairly and squarely in
case of fire or accident with unfaltering ability, thereby
inspiring trust and confidence in their policyholders.
'1 his office was established by Wallis J". 'Tener in
1 So 1 at i)i) Fourth Avenue. In 1893 Mr. lames Smith.

T H E S () A' ( ) T S B U G 6g
formerly secretary of the Oliver Iron & Steel Co., was
admitted as a member. Air. Smith retired in the year
1903. During the year last named the tire insurance
business was taken up vigorously and a writing agency
established in connection with the real estate and rent­
ing business. The agency for the Glen's Falls Insurance
was secured, together with the National Union of Pittsburgh,
the Philadelphia LJnderwriters' and Lumbermen's
of Philadelphia, and several other good companies writ­
ing fire, accident and other insurance.
During the year 1896 this company was compelled
to vacate its offices at 99 Fourth Avenue, to make room
for the handsome structure now occupied by the Colonial
Trust Company. Its offices were then established, it was
hoped permanently, at 318 Fourth Avenue in the Dahlmeyer
Building. But this building was also razed to
make room for the Commonwealth Trust Company. It
now has handsome and well appointed offices in the
Arrott Building, rooms 609-610.
Since the inception of this firm it has seen the business
center of Pittsburgh change, has shared in the impetus
given to the Greater Pittsburgh movement, and
looks forward to a still Greater Pittsburgh, a city of
cleaner streets, purer water, better transit facilities; in
short, a Pittsburgh for Pittsburghers with a responsible
sense of citizenship in the highest sense of the word.
Mr. Tener himself is a public-spirited citizen, having
the welfare of this municipality always in mind and
keeping abreast of any plans or movements tending to
the betterment of this city. He thinks the enforcement
of the law in the case of expectorating in public, for
example, one of the means advisable in the making of
our citv comfortable, and that with additional efficient
police protection Pittsburgh will rank second to none in
security and beauty among American cities.
WATKINS & DUNBAR—Charles Dunbar and
Harold AV. Watkins are associated at 803 Commonwealth
Building, 316 Fourth Avenue, in the real estate.
mortgage and general insurance business.
They were ten years in Allegheny, where they or­
ganized' the Allegheny Real Estate Company in 1901
with a capital of $25,000, and afterwards organized the
Real Estate Savings & Trust Co. of Allegheny, which
absorbed the Allegheny Real Estate Company. Messrs.
AVatkins & Dunbar removed their office from Allegheny
to 803 Commonwealth Building, Pittsburgh. Pa.. 011
April I, 1907. and have been appointed agents of the
Svea Fire & Life Insurance Co., Lim., of Gothenburg,
Sweden, with assets of $1,031,186,
Charles Dunbar was born near the city of Belfast.
Ireland, on December 22, 1866, he came to the United
States in 1889. was first engaged in the contracting busi­
organizers of the Leal Estate Savings & 'Trust Co. of
Allegheny, and was secretary of the above company from
its organization until April 1, 1907. when he resigned to
enter the firm of Watkins & Dunbar.
ERNEST ZIMMERLI—The real estate business in
Pittsburgh has in recent years attracted many men win.
were trained in other pursuits and who were successful
therein, but seemed to be impressed by the larger opportunities
offered by Pittsburgh realty. Among these is
Ernest Zimmerli, of 807 Peoples' Bank Building.
Air. Zimmerli was born January 19, [880, in
Switzerland, being a son of Albert Zimmerli, a farmer.
He received a college education at Burgdorf, Switzerland,
where he took a course in mechanical engineering.
lie landed in New York January 14, 1900. and found
employment as a machinist at the Pioneer Iron Works
in Brooklyn. In June, 1000. he got his first position as a
mechanical engineer with the Baldwin Locomotive Works
of Philadelphia. He has been employed in a similar
capacity with the Westinghouse Electric Company,
Pittsburgh, the Garrett Cromwell Engine Company,
Cleveland; L. A'. Huber, and the Jones & Laughlin Steel
Co. of Pittsburgh.
Air. Zimmerli embarked in the real estate business in
this citv in 1904 and has handled some important deals.
He has built several large apartment houses in the 13th
ward. He is a director of the Cochise Gold & Silver
Group Alining Co.. director and chairman of the Allegheny
Land improvement Company, and prominent in
other enterprises". He owns considerable property in
Allegheny County.
Air. Zimmerli's facilities for handling real estate, together
with his familiarity with the market, his knowledge
of locations, relative values, etc., undoubtedly make
him valuable to his growing clientele in Pittsburgh and
vicinity.
OFFICE BUILDINGS
THE MUCH-TALKED-OF SKY-SCRAPER HAS BROUGHT COMFORT
AND FACILITY TO BUSINESS MEN
Pittsburgh is rapidly extending that pride of all big
cities, a sky-line. Few other cities have higher buildings
in the business section, and nowhere outside New York
are there so many in so small an area as in down-town
Pittsburgh. 'The city is famous in building circles
throughout the world as possessing the handsomest and
most costlv office building ever built, this being the
$4,000,000 marble and mahogany pile at the top of the
Hump. All the Pittsburgh sky-scrapers are distinguished
for expensive construction and convenience. More such
buildings have gone up in recent years than ever before.
but the demand for office space remains unslackened.
ness in Philadelphia, and came to Pittsburgh in 1892.
THE BERGER BUILDING—For a number of
Harold W. AVatkins was born in Lawrence County,
years past the attorneys of Pittsburgh have felt the need
Pa., of English and Irish extraction, was one of the

;o s (t R A" () I' I T s U R G H
of a strictly high-class office building in the immediate
vicinity of both the United States Court and the Alle­
gheny County Court. 'The project had been brought up
a number of times, as a large number of these attorneys,
who for years had had their offices in the many small
buildings along Grant Street and upper Fourth Avenue,
were tired of the scant advantages offered by the owners.
I wo vears ago Airs. Elizabeth Berger had plans prepared
for a building to meet the needs of the profession.
and the work of construction was started the following
spring, m- in 1007. In less than a year the building,
which is known as the
Berger Building, and which
is located at Grant Street
and Fourth Avenue, was
completed, and the tenants
were moving in. A very
large proportion of these
tenants are, as had been
planned, attorneys, and the
building is especially constructed
with a view of
meeting with their needs
and demands. It is abso-
Intel}- fire-proof, fifteen
stories in height, is well
equipped with elevators
giving perfect service, and
has every convenience afforded
by the modern office
structure.
The Berger Building
takes first rank for its perfect
lighting. Tt has unobstructed
light and air on
four sides. Every office,
corridor and toilet-room is
perfectly lighted with natural
light by means of
large outside windows, thus
making it one of the bestlighted
and v e 11 t i 1 a t e d
buildings to be found in
Pittsburgh or any other
ESERGEB BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, I'.V.
city. The electrical plant
has duplicate engines, generators, etc., so that an abundance
of electric light is assured at all times. The wiring
and lighting fixtures are arranged for the best distribution
of light to all parts of the respective offices,
and desk lights and desk telephones can be placed where
wanted, or moved from one part of the room to the other
by means of electrical plugs placed in the base boards,
chair rails, etc., of the rooms.
'The Berger Building, being located 011 the northwest
corner of Fourth Avenue and Grant Street, is close to
the Court-House, Post-Office and the banks, and its
central situation makes it convenient of access to the
principal business sections of the city. This is in itself
an admirable feature that tenants soon recognize.
'The vestibules and wainscoting are of paneled marble,
and the corridor floors are of mosaic. The general interior
work is of hard-wood cabinet work. Mahogany
and walnut finish. All toilet-rooms are finished in marble.
The staircases are of iron and marble.
'The arrangement of all the rooms is such as to afford
the tenants the widest choice in the sub-division of space
for large or small offices or suites as may be desired. In
short, no trouble or expense
has been spared to
make the Berger Building
one of the most attractive,
convenient and desirable
office buildings from all
standpoints that the best
architectural and engineering
skill could accomplish.
'The exterior design is
powerful, graceful and
dignified. The basement
story above the sidewalk
is of pink granite,
and the trimmings, including
main cornice and
entrances, are of ornamental
terra cotta, while
the walls are brick rich in
color and laid up in Flemish
Bond fashion with
Portland cement mortar.
The heating and power
plant is located in the subbasement,
and this feature
of the building is of the
highest modern character
in every respect.
The rooms are so arranged
that they can readily
be used en suite or
singly, as required, and
ample space is provided for
large and voluminous libraries.
Idle entrances and exits of the offices are also
planned and arranged that there is absolute privacy for
the clients of lessees.
'The building is fifteen stories high besides basement
and sub-basement, and its foundations rest upon the
solid natural rock. Its construction is one of the best
examples of advanced office building architecture, in both
planning and design.
It is one of the highest type of fire-proof construction,
its materials being steel, granite, brick, terra cotta. marble,
fire-proof tiling and concrete.

T H E S T O R Y O F S K G i
THE FRICK BUILDING-The Frick Building is
217 feet long by 100 feet wide. It is surrounded by three
streets and one broad alley. It has twenty-one 'stories
above the sidewalk on Grant Street, and "three stories
below the level of that thronged thoroughfare above.
It is architectural in a
strict sense. It is built to
express both grace and
strength. The proportions
of the mass. No detail is
used that does not express
the structure. The build­
ing batters from stylobate
to cornice, and is nar­
rower by three feet at the
top than at the base. All
grand and minor details
are drawn from the Greek
Doric order of architecture.
The entire first floor
is brilliantly lighted by
Nernst lamps. The entrance
ways follow the
style of the exterior. They
are built of Italian marble.
'The floors and walls are
of the same material; the
ceilings b e i n g paneled
with Pavonazzo marble.
The main interior doors
on this floor are bronze, and of a very handsome design.
The basement hall is lined with the same marble as
the entrance, and is equal to it in style and finish and
general decorative effect.
Opposite the Grant Street entrance is a window by
La Farge, representing- Fortune on her wheel. Under
thi window is a settee of solid marble, having at either
eni a pedestal upon which rests a pale green Greek
amphora.
On either side of the Grant Street entrance, standing
Upon solid marble pedestals, is a bronze lion by Proctor.
The bank and brok­
ers' offices are superbly
decorated in marble, mahogany
and frescoes of
the i ild Italian schools.
The restaurant is mediaeval
German.
The Hallways above
the first are lined with
Carrara marble and San
Domingo mahogany. The
Club story—the twentyfirst
above sidewalk—is
•Lie.
bronze and I, esc :
In all respects this
building surpasses other
structures of its kind. It
is a monumental expression
of the modern requirements
of American
FRICK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
business life, and was designed
by D. H. Burnham
& Co., of Chicago.
Points about the building
that have made it a landmark in Pittsburgh:
Height frmn basement level to roof, 360 feet.
Work on excavation began March 26, 1901.
First base plate to receive steel columns set May 13.
1901.
Building ready for tenants, March 15, 1902.
WOMEN'S PARLOR, TENTH FLOOR, FRICK BUILDING SEVENTEEN-TON DOOR, UNION SAFE DEPOSIT CO., FU1CKBU1L1
)ING

7^ T II E S T o R Y 0 F I T T S LT R G H
- **
BRONZE LION, MAIN CORRIDOR, FR'CK
BUILDING
Number of cubic feet in building, 6,800,000.
Total floor space, exclusive of sub-basement, about
357>475 square feet.
Weight of structural steel used in building. 7.500 tons.
Number of cubic feet of Italian marble used, 220,000.
"The building was planned to withstand a wind pressure
of 25 pounds per superficial square foot for the
upper half, and 18 pounds for the lower half.
The ten elevators travel an aggregate of about 250
miles a day and carry 25,000 to 30,000 passengers.
Rarely, if ever, has an office building been planned
with such thoughtful consideration for the personal comfort
and convenience of its tenants. It would appear
that every possible need has been anticipated. No feature
more strikingly reflects this beneficent spirit of the
builder than the luxuriously appointed women's parlor
on the tenth floor. 'This adjunct is probably unique in
office structures. It is a delight fully commodious room
furnished in exquisite taste. 'Thick, velvety rugs soften
the tread. Handsome divans and rocking-chairs invite
restful ease, while broad tables are within convenient
reach. An accompanying illustration, while obviously
failing to suggest the perfect harmony of the decorative
scheme «>f this parlor, depicts the appropriateness of its
furnishings and the completeness of its appointments in
every detail.
'The women's parlor in the Frick Building represents
a deliberate sacrifice of space which could command a
rental of several thousand dollars a year, simply to insure
the comfort of patrons. 'There probably is no
parallel to this in the history of modern office structures.
Besides the women's parlor the tenth floor also has
been equipped with the needful conveniences for men.
such as a barber shop, lavatories and even a haber­
dashery. The barber shop invites interest owing to the
unusual elaborateness of its appointments, which are
adequate to the needs of the most fastidious patron.
Surpassing in luxurious furnishings the homes of
other fammis clubs, the apartments of the Union Club
mi the twenty-first story deserve special mention. As
already said, thev are designed in Louis NIAr style. The
commodious lounging room, artistic dining-room, private
dining-rooms and other apartments are in splendid
keeping with the high standing and wealth of the club's
membership.
Conveniently located mi the first floor of the Frick
Building are the offices'of the AA'estern Union and Postal
'Telegraph Companies, the Central District & Printing
'Telegraph Company; the booths of the Pittsburgh &
Allegheny 'Telephone Co., and cigar and news stands.
On the Fifth Avenue side of the same floor are the
spacious offices of the Union Savings Bank. This wellknown
institution transacts a general savings and banking
business, and maintains a foreign banking department
and a steamship agency.
Whitney & Stephenson, a well known stock and bond
brokerage firm, occupy handsomely appointed offices 011
the Diamond Street side of the first floor, while in the
basement on the same side are the Union Restaurant
and Cafe, whose quaint mediaeval German architecture
are in pleasing contrast with that of other styles and
periods exemplified in the building.
Not tlie least interesting feature of the building from
the spectacular point of view are the great armor-plate
steel vaults of the Union Safe Deposit Company. These
are the largest of their kind in the world. Access to
them is gained by means of two ponderous solid steel
THE UNION CLUB LOUNGING ROOM IN FRICK BUILD1 NG

s () Y () I T T S B u i< G
doors, each of which weighs 17 tons or 36,000 pounds.
Every other department of this company's quarters is in
keeping with these remarkable vaults.
'The foregoing description fails to do justice to the
splendid structure which is such a notable monument to
its builder, and such a worthy ornament to the great city
for which he entertains an affectionate regard. It is well
the superior, if indeed it
possesses the equal, of
the great Frick Building.
T H E P E N N
BUILDING—This upto-date
office building,
erected by J. Alexander
Hardy, its owner, is in
even- respect worthy of
being grouped among
the many office buildings,
or so-called skyscrapers,
that h av e
grown up, Aladdin-like,
in Pittsburgh within the
past decade, and have
brought the Iron City
into a relative comparison
with the Great Metropolis,
New York.
'This, most certainly,
does not apply as to actual
numerical comparison;
no, far from it, but
it still remains true that,
considering the area of
the business community,
and the relative populations
of the two cities,
Pittsburgh has well kept
in the front rank with
these towering structures
that have done so
much to bring comfort
and facility for trans-
tuan-like structures that throb and teem with the pulsations
of every-day business life.
Let the average citizen take his place, not like Macaulay's
hero on London bridge, but let him only stand
on .Mount Washington or some other favorable spot and
then drink in the sight that Pittsburgh presents on every
side. 'Truly will be brought home to him the fact that
within the bounds of truth to assert that no metropolis his city has grown and that land values in a sense are,
of either the United States or any other country can boast like castles in Spain, largely built in air.
PENN BUILDING, 708 l'EXX AVENUE, PITTSBURGH, PA.
The Penn Building
well typifies the mod­
ern office building at its
best. Situated at 708
Penn Avenue it enjoys
the great advantage of
being right in the heart
of the business community.
In addition to the
convenience of location
the Penn Building is
tin hi Highly fitted up
with all the most approved
appointments
that are now so generally
demanded by the
pri igressive business
nest class of tenants
naturally want the best
"t everything in the
office line, a n d t h e
owner of the P e n n
Building has exercised
thoughtful care to enable
such a class of tenants
to have their desires
fully gratified in
every respect.
The Penn Building
as a whole is very imposing
in outline, anil all
its interior fittings represent
the highest mod-
acting business to the commercial as well as the profes- ern idea ol thorough adaptability and general excellence
sional man of to-day.
No longer is Pittsburgh picturesquely old-fashioned.
At this time its towering office buildings are one of the
many sights that visitors remark- and criticise—and their
verdict is invariably in favor of the go-ahead-ativeness
of her citizens, as evidenced by her tall buildings that
have grown so rapidly.
In many cases, even residents of Pittsburgh do not
'The elevator service is first-class, and is conducted
in a manner that cannot fail to please the patrons of the
building.
'The interior arrangement of the building is of the
best. "The 128 spacious offices which the structure contains
are arranged 16 to the floor, and are all on the outside
of the building and surrounding a large court which
extends to the roof and is covered with a large skylight.
appreciate how their own city has gone ahead with great By this means of providing light the building is as
strides on the mad of progress in erecting these Gargan- lighted at the rear and on the sides as from the front
well

m m
T H E B E N C H A N D B A R O F P I T T S B U R G H
The Integrity of Pittsburgh's Bench and Bar a Source of
Worthy Pride—Ability of the Highest Standard One of
Its Chief Characteristics—Its Forensic Fame International
T H E history of the bench and bar of Pittsburgh
had its beginning before the American Revolution,
and the story of the several systems
of jurisprudence that obtained from the initiatory
stages to the present day is of absorbing interest.
There were legal giants m the early i„.y:i ,.'h'ch gave
distinction to the bar and the bench which has nevei
been dimmed. It is probable that there are not so many
orators in the present age, but the requirements of the
lawyer and the judge are much greater than in the
earlier days of practice. The profession of law has been
specialized, just as other professions, and each in his own
field of endeavor is as proficient as were the great lights
that illuminated the courts in the primitive days. The
bar of Pittsburgh, distinguished from the beginning,
has grown in lustre with the passing years. From its
ranks have been drawn some of the most illustrious men
who have sat on the supreme bench of the United States
from the time of Henry Baldwin to the present. The
roster of the State Supreme Court from its establishment
contains the names of many who won recognition at the
bar and on the bench in this city. There is hardly a
branch of the national government on which the genius
of a Pittsburgh lawyer has not impressed itself, either
as a member of the United States Senate, or the Cabinet.
In diplomacy, many leading representatives of the
legal profession have represented this country abroad.
In patriotism, no other bar in the United States has
excelled that of Pittsburgh. At the first call to arms
by President Lincoln the response of the members was
instant. Many of them rose to the distinction of commanders,
while man}- went into action to return no more.
'The bravery and heroism of the soldier-lawyer of Pittsburgh
is impressed on almost every page of the history
74
of that frightful conflict. Many who passed through
the perils of that war are to-day the most honored of
the legal profession. What is true of the Civil War
can also be written of the other wars of this country.
notably the second war with England, the conflict with
Mexico, and the Spanish-American and Philippine wars.
Reminiscent of the early legal history of Allegheny
County, the first court was held in Pittsburgh on the
organization of the county on December 16, 1788. the
hearings taking place in a room at the corner of Second
and Market Streets. In those days the executive council
of the state designated someone to preside at court, who
was rarely a lawyer. At this court the council commissioned
George Wallace as president judge, and he served
until 1791, when the constitution of 1790 went into
effect. From a competent authority it is shown that the
fact that he was not a lawyer, but "a large landowner
possessed of sound business qualifications and severe
judgment," has led to a confusion of statements as to
who w-as the first judge of the county. Strictly speaking,
Judge Addison was the first judge "learned in the law."
However, the beginning of the Pittsburgh bar must
date from Judge Wallace's regime, as it was at the first
session of court held by him that nine persons were
admitted to practice law within his jurisdiction. From
that time on the bar and bench of Allegheny County not
only grew in number, but in ability and learning. The
various changes made in the succeeding constitutions of
the state increased the number of courts and their powers,
and with the passage of time, the growth of population
and the increased variety of interests, legal questions
became more complicated, which required the lawyer
and the judge to be deeply and thoroughly grounded
in a knowledge of the law. Keeping with these re-

T 11 E S () R Y ( ) I T T s (i
quirements, it can be said without fear of contradiction
that the bench and bar of Pittsburgh to-day stand unri­
valled in all the accomplishments that make for the best
in jurisprudence, practice and culture, and all the elements
that enter into the qualification of the modern up-to-date
pleader and attorney.
There is nothing to-day that stands better for the
credit of a member of the Pittsburgh bar or the judge
than thoroughness. The old-time lawyer depended more
in swaying the minds of the jury with fervid eloquence
•than in dealing with the law and the facts. Of this
class, which was popular some years ago, the Pittsburgh
bar furnished some notable
e x a m pies, and
whose names are remembered
by the present
generation. But practice
to-day is conducted on
different lines. There is
a stricter construction of
the law, and "glitteringgeneralities"
no longer
mislead the bench or
confuse the jury. The
courts of Pittsburgh are
c< inducted vv i t h the
greatest dignity, and the
trivialities of for m e r
days receive no encouragement
from the present-day
judges who realize
the responsibilities
of their duty to the pub­
JAMES ELDER BARNETT—There are but few
men better known in Pennsylvania than former State
Treasurer James Elder Larnett. Air. Larnett was
born at Elder's Ridge, Indiana County, Pa., August
i, 1X5(1. lie graduated from Washington and Jef­
ferson College in [882, and is a lawyer by profession.
lie was appointed Commissioner's Clerk in Washington
Cmmtv. later serving as Deputy Prothonotary of that
countv. From (895 to [897 he was Deputy Secretary
of the Commonwealth, and in [899 was nominated by
the Republican State Convention for State 'Treasurer.
and was elected at the general election the following
November. lie is nowassociated
with R. B.
Scandrett in the law firm
of Scandrett & Larnett.
lie enlisted in the
National Guard of Pennsylvania
in 1884, and,
passing through the various
grades, was elected
Lieutenant - Colonel of
the famous "Lighting
10th" Regiment in 1897.
He volunteered with his
regiment for the Spanish-American
war, serving
in the Philippines
pino insurrection until
the capture of Alalolos.
lic. Withal t h e y a r e
Under the appointment
humane, just and impar­
of Col. A. L. Hawkins
tial. They are noted for
as commander of the
their probity and "learn­
district of Cavite, P. L,
ing in the law," which
Lieut.-Col. Barnett, in
was not a prerequisite
April, 1899. was placed
in former days. The bar
in command of the regiment
and acted as regi­
of Pittsburgh is distinmental
commander until
guished for the high
standing of its member­
COURT-HOUSE, PITTSBURGH, PA.
the regiment was mustered
out at San Franship
in legal acquirements
and the morality of its personality. tne die large cisco, August 27, 1899. He succeeded Col. Hawkins,
majority of lose in practice to-day are young men. who became incapacitated by sickness, as commander of
'Thev are virile in their pleading and painstaking and the district of Cavite, and served from May 10, 1899.
thorough in presenting their cases, and as such are His ancestry is one of exceptional prominence. On
exemplars in their profession for their brothers in other his father's side he is descended from the Scotch house
communities to pattern after.
of Livingston. A branch of the family emigrated from
It is not only in their chosen profession that they Scotland to Count}- Deny, in Ireland, in the sixteenth
have shone, but many of them have been successful mi century, and were prominently associated with Belfast
the lecture platform, while others have gained recognition and Dublin politically and with their educational and
as authors and writers in the fields of polite literature. benevolent institutions. 'Thev were the founders of the
And yet it can be truthfully said, they never forget Pitts­
Presbyterian Church in Ireland. 'To the present time
burgh, its welfare and progress.
the branch of the family remaining in Ireland is prom-

T 11 E

He has been engaged in many of the most important
criminal and civil trials in the courts of the county, and
from the date of his admission has been highly successful,
especially in the trial of cases. Among them were
the J. McD. Scott cases, which resulted in a signal
victory for Air. Blakeley and his colleague, W. A. Way.
As a verdict getter Mr. Blakeley has few superiors at
the Bar. Examples of his ability in this line are: the
acquittal of J. C. Robinson, the Secretary of the Cash,
Industrial, and Globe Building and Loan Associations,
who was charged with embezzling $63,000 of the funds
of the associations; and that of Joseph L. and Susan L.
Miller, for whom Air. Blakeley obtained a verdict of
$17,000. This sum was within one thousand dollars of
the highest verdict ever obtained in this county, and was
the subject of considerable comment at the time throughout
the State.
In 1893 he was appointed Deputy District Attorney
under Clarence Burleigh, and retained that position until
the end of the first year of John C. Haymaker's incumbency,
at which time he resigned. In 1903 he was appointed
Assistant City Attorney under 'Thus. D. Carnahan.
In March, 1906, he entered into a law partnership
with ex-Judge Elliott Lodgers and George LI. Calvert,
under the firm name of Rodgers, Blakeley & Calvert, with
offices in the Frick Building.
WILLIAM JAMES BRENNEN—The fruits of
manifest ability and a resolute and boundless ambition
to succeed is the career of William James
Brennen, one of the busiest and most prominent
lawyers of the Allegheny County Bar. At eleven years
of age he was at work in the iron mills of Jones &
Laughlin. By study and application he became one of
the leading roll turners in America, traveling oyer the
L/nited States and working in all the leading cities in
• -,•••
ied mechanical drawing and learned the trade of machinist.
He studied law. and was admitted to practice
at the Bar of Allegheny County.
He early showed interest and ability in political matters,
being a delegate to the Democratic National Convention
at St. Louis in 1876, the youngest delegate elected
to that Convention. He has either been a delegate to,
or in attendance at, every Democratic State Convention
since 1874, serving as a member of the State Executive
Committee for twenty years, with the exception of one
year. He was chairman of the Democratic County
Committee for fifteen years, and chairman of the City
Executive Committee for ten years. He is a member of
Common Council and Alderman for the 'Twenty-Fourth
AVard, and is identified with various business concerns,
being director in the T. Campbell Glass Company and
the Star Enamel & Stamping Co.
T O R Y 0 F T S L. I" R G / /
JOHN I). BROWrN—A scholar by heredity and
training, John D. Brown stands high among his col­
leagues of the legal profession. He is a typical Pittsburgher,
having been born here September 6th, 1865,
and has resided in this citv ever since. His father is
A. AT Brown, the head of the law firm of A. AT Brown
& Sons, a lawyer of much experience and note, and for­
merly Recorder of Pittsburgh.
John D. Brown early evinced a preference for the
legal profession, and with this aim in view, he prepared
for and entered Harvard College. I lis course in the lawschool
was supplemented by his reading and studying in
his father's office, and. while quite young, was admitted
to practice at the Allegheny County Bar. His father's
connection with municipal affairs gave the junior members
of the firm almost the sole practice for a time, and
this time was made the opportunity for the proving of
John D. Brown's ability. He is considered one of the
most able and popular men of the Allegheny County
Bar.
He is interested in a number of business concerns,
being Vice-President and Director of the Anchor Savings
Bank, a Director in the German National Lank, A^ice-
President and Director in the Pittsburgh Land Company,
a Director in the Hardy & Hayes Co., and a
Director in the Dispatch Publishing Company.
He was married June 2, 1898, to Helen D. Shepard,
daughter of Otis Shepard, and has one child. Dorothy
Westlake Brown.
JAMES FRANCIS BURKE—One of the most
id brilliant members of the Allegheny
successtul
County Bar is James Francis Burke, whose legal
career has been marked by many successes both as
counsel and as trial lawyer. His ready application
of principles involved 1 his ability as a verdict
it ''bentele he
• •
on. niosi popular attorneys of Allegl
an excellent companion, a ready wit, and the posses
of an unusually bright mind.
He is a native of Petroleum Center. Venango County,
Pa., haying been born there October 27, 1867. His parents
are Richard J. Burke and Anna T. Burke, both of
Irish extraction. His early education was received in
the common schools of Pennsylvania; afterwards he entered
the University of Michigan, where he graduated in
[892 with the degree LL.B. He was appointed by President
Harrison that year to codify the navigation laws
of the Lnited States. In 1899 he was appointed counsel
for the Agricultural Department of Pennsylvania.
His career as a legislator has been marked by the same
success he has achieved in his profession, and his varied
business interests are controlled with an astuteness that
makes for prosperity.
He was married to Josephine Scott at Detroit, April

78 T ( ) R A' O F s U G H
HON. JAMES FRANCIS BURKE
IS, 1895, and is the father of two children, Josephine
Frances Burke and James Scott Burke. He is a member
of the representative social organizations of the city.
CLARENCE BURLEIGH—In the life of Clarence
Burleigh are found all the traits of a successful
self-made man. His advancement to the yenhead
of the legal profession in Allegheny County
ca n he ace it 1
He was born in Boston, Alass., December 20, 18^3.
When a boy he came to Pittsburgh, where he secured
a rudimentary education in the common schools and in
the high school.
In 1875 he began the study of law, and two years
later was admitted to the Bar of Allegheny County.
October 17, 1877.
He has always been interested and active in municipal
and county affairs, giving both time and talents
to their service and welfare. He has held many positions
of honor and trust in Pittsburgh. He was councilman
from the 30th Ward for several terms. When
the new charter went into effect he was appointed an
Assistant City Attorney and was assigned to the Department
of Public Safety. Upon the death of the District
Attorney of Allegheny County, R. II. Johnson, in Line,
1891, he was appointed to succeed him, and he resigned
his city position to accept. At the expiration of the
term to which he was appointed, AL\ Burleigh was
elected to a full term, serving the county in this capacity
until January, 1893. In October, 1895, Pittsburgh again
honored him by an election to the office of Citv Attorney,
a position in which he served faithfully and brilliantly
for seven years.
He is now the senior member of the law firm of
Burleigh, Gray iv Challener, and is the general counsel
for the Pittsburgh Railways Company, ami attorney for
Junes & Laughlin Steel Co.
HON. THOMAS I). CARNAHAN—From the job
of a newspaper reporter to a judgeship is a long step
upward.
In his ascent to the Bench, with the practically unanimous
approval of the people of Pittsburgh, 'Thomas D.
i arnahan, unquestionably possessed of every qualification
which should distinguish a judge, has shown what
can be done by a man of unusual ability and exalted
character.
A native of this citv. the son of R. B. Carnahan. who
m his day was one of the ablest and most trusted attorneys
in Pittsburgh. 'Thomas I). Carnahan, after graduating
from the Western University of Pennsylvania,
worked for a while as a reporter on the old Pittsburgh
CLARENCE BURLEIGH

T II E S T O R A" () F S P. I G 79
Chronicle. He studied law in his father's office and,
after a time, was associated with the elder Carnahan in
the management of the Schenley interests and other large
properties. Partly, perhaps, through his influence and
advice was secured for Pittsburgh that inestimable gift,
the Schenley Park system.
Years of excellent service in the Citv Solicitor's
office earned for Judge Carnahan national recognition
as an authority on municipal law.
In politics a Republican, yet by men of all parties he
is looked up to and respected. Everywhere it is admitted
that he has, to a marked degree, judicial fitness and
capacity. It was felt that he was justly entitled to promotion.
When, on April 5, 1907, he was nominated by Governor
Stuart to be a Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas Number Four, no dissenting voice was raised to
oppose his confirmation.
HON. JOSIAH COHEN—Hon. Josiah Cohen was
born November 29, 1849, in Plymouth, England. His
father, who was a merchant, was born in Germany, later
coming to England and marrying Rose Cohen, who was
of Cornish (English) extraction. 'Their son's early education
was received in London, and was continued in
New York City, whither the family had removed.
He has always been a student, and was able to grasp
and apply principles with unexcelled discernment and
exactitude—the practical and the theoretical balanced
perfectly in his personality. He would have made a
success in many callings, and when he chose the legal
profession his talent found admirable expression and
scope. He became a lawyer of marked ability and
character, wdiose councils and opinions are famed for
their accuracy and fairness.
He has been the President of the Gusky Orphanage
since its foundation in 1891 ; was a member of the
AVestern Pennsylvania Reform School for many years
by gubernatorial appointment; and is a life member of
the Carnegie Institute, having been appointed by Andrew
Camegie at its foundation. lie is Vice-President of the
Rodef Sholem Congregation, having held this position
for twenty years; also a member of the Executive Committee
of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations,
a member of the Board of Delegates of Civil and
Religious Liberty, a Jewish organization in the L nited
States, and President of the Court of Appeals of the
Independent Order of B'nai Bres (Sons of the Covenant),
an order extending throughout the world.
WILLIAM EVANS CROW—William Evans
Crow was born on a farm in German "Township.
in Favette County. Pennsylvania, on March 10, 1870.
As soon as he was of proper age, he was sent to
the public schools. In 1890. he graduated from the
Southwestern State Normal School. Later he went to
Waynesburg College. For three years he was engaged
in newspaper work. 'Then he studied law and was admitted
to the Bar in 1895. In the following year he-
was appointed Assistant District Attorney. In 1898 he
was elected District Attorney for three years.
From the time he attained his majority he took an
active interest in politics. Soon he was acknowledged
to be a local Republican leader. In 1899, 1900 and
1901. he served as Chairman of the Fayette County Republican
Committee. He was a delegate to various
State Conventions. 'The Republicans of the 'Thirtysecond
District, Layette County, in 1906, nominated
Crow as their candidate for State Senator. 'Though his
opponent received the endorsement of the Democratic
and the Prohibition parties, though the latter organization
polled nearly 1.400 votes, Crow was elected by a
plurality of 2,484.
In the Legislative session of 1907, William Evans
Crow was Chairman of the Committee on Federal Relations.
He also served mi the following committees:
Judicial-}- (ieneral.
Appropriations.
Education,
Finance,
New Counties and County Seats,
Public Supply of Light, Heat and Water.
'Throughout, his work as a legislator was such as to
win for him favorable and State-wide recognition.
R. W. CUMMINS—Man-made laws are evolved,
perhaps, from the necessity for their application. In
the development of the oil and gas business of this
country arose situations that the laws, as previously
construed, made no provision for; consequently, discoveries
of oil and gas soon produced prolonged and
far-reaching litigation. 'To meet emergencies, to settle
equitably constantly occurring disputes, to define
and protect rights with which aforetime doctors
of jurisprudence were unacquainted, it was necessary
that out of existing laws should be obtained an interpretation
just and applicable. By whom could such a
consummation be secured? Most obviously the first demand
for an elucidation was made on attorneys who
had clients who were in one way or another interested in
oil or gas production. Out of the obscurity that prevailed
had to be brought a clarity of relation. In the
crucible of hotly contested suits, eventually various things
that might be inferred or understood were melted down
to legal conclusions. It took years, in some cases, to
establish precedents that are now cited as authoritative.
Of counsellors in litigation that led to the present interpretation
and application of the laws pertaining to matters
affecting the production, transportation and sale of
oil and gas, it is conceded that R. AA". Cummins has been
one of the most trusted and successful.
Now the attorney for the United Oil and Gas Trust,

8o S T o R V O T T S U R G H
the Forest ()il Company, the Marion Oil Company, the
Washington Oil Company, the Taylorstown Natural Gas
Company, the South Penn Oil Company and other important
oil and gas enterprises, Air. Cummins, as a
counsellor of corporations, occupies a high position in
Pittsburgh.
R. W. Cummins was born in Jamestown, Ohio, mi
October 9, 1854. His father, the Reverend Cyrus Cummins,
was a well-known Presbyterian minister. In 1861
the Reverend Cyrus Cummins and his family moved to
Mount Jackson, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania. His
pastorate at Mount Jackson continued until 1872, when
he was called to take charge
of a congregation at Greenfield,
in Mercer County.
R. W. Cummins attended,
first, the common
schools, and afterwards the
Blairsville Academy. In
1873 he came to Pittsburgh
and entered the law office
of D. W. and A. S. Bell,
as a clerk. To supplement
his previous education, he
studied evenings and obtained
the assistance of private
tutors. As a result of
his law studies, in 1879, he
duly qualified for admission
to the Bar.
LIVINGSTON LLEWLLYN DAVIS—Livingston
Llewllyn Davis, attorney at law, was born in 18^3
at Shaklevville, Mercer County, Pa. His father, John
Davis, was a merchant whose ancestors came from
Wales in 1833. His mother, Elizabeth Findley Davis,
is of Scotch-Irish descent; her ancestors were the first
settlers at Findley's Lake, New York, after whom the
settlement was named.
The subject of this sketch worked on the railroad,
sometimes on a farm, and again taught school to obtain
the necessary funds, and in this way was able to attend
the Edinboro State Normal School, and Allegheny Col­
lege at Meadville, Pa., graduating from the latter in
1878. He studied law and was admitted to practice at
the liar of Allegheny County in 1880. He has been
engaged in his profession continuously since that time,
and is one of the busiest and most able lawyers in the
citv. Under his leadership the citizens of Homestead
raised over $1,000,000 in cash and a carload of supplies
for the sufferers of the Johnstown flood. Air. Davis,
heading one of the first relief expeditions to reach the
scene of the calamity, was active for the relief of all.
He is connected with a
number of large business
concerns, the Homestead &
Mifflin Street Railway Co.,
the Homestead Brick Com­
pany, the Homestead Park
•" Land Company (which is
developing a 200-acre tract
of land in Mifflin Township
"46^ ( for residential purposes),
and organized and is now
a director and the solicitor
of the Homestead Savings
& 'Trust Co.
CLIARLES ALOYS-
IUS FAC.AN—A descendant
of early settlers of
Until 1889 he was en­
northwestern Pennsylvania;
gaged for the most part in
born in Pittsburgh on July
general practice. Since then
1, 1839; educated at St.
he has devoted his attention
principally to legal features
of the oil and gas
business.
Mary's parochial school, at
Ewalt Academy and the
Pittsburgh Catholic College;
admitted to the bar in 1887,
Mr. Cummins makes his
Charles Aloysius Fagan has
home in Swissvale and takes
since achieved, not only in
an active interest in the
his profession, but politi­
affairs of that progressive
. . ,. i- 1. II.wis
cal!}-, prominence in Pitts­
municipality. In addition
burgh.
to having been a member of the Swissvale School Board, As Assistant District Attorney under W. D. Porter
he has served two terms in the council, of which organi­ and W. D. Johnson, his service caused his talent and
zation he is at present President.
ability to be widely and favorably recognized. Because
of his excellent record, Air. Fagan was appointed by the
Governor, in 1S94, to fill in the District Attorney's office
the unexpired term of John C. Haymaker.
Presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1892;
m 1894 and 1895 he was chosen chairman of the Democratic
County Committee of Allegheny; in recognition
of services rendered the parly, he was unanimously
elected Delegate-at-Large to the Democratic National
Convention of 1896. Later he retired from active
politics.
Forming a law partnership with Senator \Y A.

I E S T O R Y O F B U 81
Magee, Mr. Fagan, as senior member of the well known
firm of Fagan and Alagee, has practiced law in this city
most successfully. Among his clients are a number of
important corporations. As a bank director and as a
director in various successful manufacturing and real
estate enterprises, he has made most satisfactory progress.
In 1887 he was married to Miss Alary Lane, daughter
of P. C. Kane, a retired merchant of Pittsburgh.
HON. THOMAS J. FORD—Always a student, and
turning the many and varied experiences of his life into
actual value in his profession, Hon. 'Thomas J. Ford has
become one of the most widely known and trusted attorneys
of Allegheny County. He was born Sept. 13.
1856, in Cincinnati, Ohio, and received his education in
the public schools and in the Uniontown Soldiers'
Orphans' School.
Removing in early life to Pittsburgh, he engaged
in various pursuits prior to taking up the serious study
of law, working in a machine shop, as clerk in a store,
as ticket agent, and in other employment, in each securing
the familiarity with facts and conditions that has
made him so versatile in his profession. Upon his admission
to the bar, he immediately began building up a
large and lucrative practice, both as a trial lawyer and
as counsel, which practice he has continued and enlarged
until his appointment to the bench of Common Pleas
Court No. 1.
He has always been actively and enthusiastically interested
in politics and was honored by an election to the
State House of Representatives in 1896, representing
the seventh district of Allegheny County, and was reelected
in 1898. He also served as Chairman of the
Republican County Committee from June, 1903, to
November, 1906, conducting an able and creditable cam­
paign.
He is a member of the Duquesne, Americus, and
Tariff clubs, and a number of beneficent and fraternal
societies have his name on their rosters.
ARTHUR OSMAN FORDING—Arthur Osman
Fording was born at Doylestown, Ohio. His father,
Lee Fording, a merchant, was able and willing to give
his son the advantages of a good education, sending him
to Alt. LTnion College in Alliance. Ohio, after he had
completed his common-school preparation.
Upon being admitted to the bar at Youngstown, Ohio,
in 1888, he soon won honor and an enviable standing
among his colleagues and built up a large general lawbusiness.
He left Youngstown in 1893 for the larger
and more promising field of business activity to be
found in Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania, and has. during the
twelve years in which he has practiced here, enjoyed a
busv and prosperous career that is excelled by none in
its comprehensiveness of service. 'This success is chiefly
due and may be directly accredited to Air. Fording's
ready application of principles involved, and also to his
personality. Lie is not a politician in anv sense of the
word and has never held anv political position.
Lie married Mary Eva I lavs, of Pittsburgh, July 16,
1901, and lives in a handsome residence in Murray Hill,
East End, Pittsburgh. His offices are in the Common­
wealth Building.
Lie is a member of the Duquesne Club, the L'nion
Club, and the Oakmont Country Club.
GEORGE BREED GORDON—Pittsburgh's wonderful
industrial expansion has not been accomplished
without numerous legal battles, and few attorneys have
been more intimately associated with these than George
Breed Gordon, of Gordon & Smith, occupying a suite of
offices 011 the fifteenth floor of the Frick Annex Build­
ing.
Air. Gordon does not need to be made familiar to
the people of his native city or members of the bar. He
represented the Carnegie Steel Company in the memorable
clash with H. C. Frick, while one of his most important
cases was that of Tarbell against the Pennsylvania
Railroad, in which he acted for the railroad. Similarly
he appeared for the same railroad in the suit of
the Western Union Telegraph Company, and has been
a prominent figure in legal battles for years.
A fact about Mr. Gordon, which can be pointed to
with pride, is that he is distinctly a Pittsburgher, having
been born in Edgeworth, August 1, i860. His parents
were Alexander Gordon and Catherine Edwards. The
younger Gordon studied at the Western University of
Pennsylvania, and graduated from Columbia law school
in 1883. In the year he graduated he registered with
Hampton & Dalzell and was admitted to the Allegheny
County bar that same year. In 1X87 the firm became
Dalzell, Scott & Gordon, continuing until dissolved by
the death of Air. Scott. February, 1906, after which
time the present firm of Gordon & Smith sprung into
being.
Air. Gordon is married and a member of numerous
clubs.
GEORGE MECHLIN HOSACK—George Mechlin
Hosack, a lawyer of merited success, is a statesman and
legislator of recognized ability as well as a business man
of such well known character and enterprise as to be one
of the familiar figures in Pittsburgh's industrial life.
He was born at Dayton. Armstrong County, Pa.,
Oct. 7, 1866. His father, Alexander Blackborn Hosack,
was a farmer and teamster. He is now retired from
active business, having arrived at a hale old age of seventy-eight.
His mother. Eliza Wrigley, is sixty-eight
years old. and is of English parentage and birth.
Air. Hosack's characteristic energy is at no time better
exemplified than in his boyhood and youth. As a
boy he worked on a farm, receiving for his labor the

8: ( ) R A" ( ) R G H
munificent sum of three dollars per month and his board.
He next engaged as water carrier for Frederick Gwinner,
who was then building the Atlas Coke Works at
Dunbar. A little later mi he was employed as a clerk
in various stores, the last position of this kind paying
him forty dollars per month. During all this activity
of his youth he had labored with a high ambition for
the greater things of life and a determination to conquer
difficulties, and he finally entered the University of
Michigan in 1886.
He graduated in 1891 with the degree LL.B., and
afterwards studied law with Hon. S. Leslie Mestrezat
of Uniontown, now justice of the Supreme Court of
Pennsylvania. For a year
after being admitted to the
Fayette County bar he practiced
in Uniontown, when
he came to Pittsburgh, recognizing
the greater advantages
and opportunities offered
in this metropolis. He
formed a legal partnership
with John A. Murphy, and
as Murphy & Hosack en­
gaged in a general law practice.
This partnership was
dissolved in 1904, Mr. Hosack
becoming at that time
the senior member of the
firm Hosack, Knox & Hosack,
a legal combination of
force and achievement. Heis
also a member of the firm
of Hosack & Eastman, corporation
lawyers, with offices
in Harrisburgh. Thes e
allied firms enjoy a large
a 11 d 1 u c r a t i v e practice
among the greater corporation
interests of the county.
As a legislator, Mr. Hosack's
career reflected credit
upon himself and was a
a source of general satisfaction to the district he represented.
He was a member of the State House of Representatives
during the sessions 1897-1899-1901, and was
quite prominent, serving on the Corporation Committee,
and held the important position of chairman of the Committee
of Ways and Means in 1899.
In a business way he is also prominent, holding the
position of vice-president and counsel in the Carnegie
Coal Company, vice-president of the National Plumbing
& Heating- Co., and is a director in the following concerns:
Carnegie Coal Company, National Plumbing &
Heating Co., Bessemer Coal & Coke Co., Republic Bank
Note Company, Meadville & Conneaut Lake 'Traction Co.
GLOROIC II. HOWELL
He was married to Delia Clark at Connelsville, Pa.,
Nov. 16, 1893. George M. Hosack, Jr., Margaret Hosack,
and William Clark Hosack are their children.
'Their home is in Lytton Avenue, Pittsburgh.
GEORGE DAWSON HOWELL—George Dawson
Howell was born at Brownsville, April 20, 1861, the
son of .Alfred and Elizabeth Dawson Howell, pioneers
of Fayette County; he was educated at St. James Gram­
mar School. Hagerstown, Aid., and Trinity College,
Hartford, Conn., graduating from the latter in 1882.
After studying law two years under his father, he was
admitted to practice in 1884, and has since been a mem­
ber of the Fayette County
bar. Upon his father's death
in 1887 he came into a law
practice that gave him firm
hold of professional work.
One of his first noteworthy
performances was in connection
with organizing and
building Dawson bridge
oyer the Youghiogheny
River at Dawson, a town
laid out and named for his
mother, and for many years
center of the coke district.
He is counsel for numerous
large corporate and personal
interests, including: H. C.
Frick Coke Company, Pittsburgh
& Lake Erie Railroad,
Monongahela Railroad,
Brier Hill Coke Com­
pany, Central District and
Printing Telegraph Company,
First National Bank
of Uniontown, J. V. Thompson,
and others.
Mr. Howell has dealt in
coking coal since 1885. His
latest interest in this industry
is as president and a director
of the Tower Hill-Connellsville Coke Company.
organized in January, 1907, with a capital of $5,500,000.
He has also been interested in street railways, electric
lighting, banking and manufacturing. He is a stockholder
and director of the Rich Hill Coke Company and
other companies, and vice-president of the McCrum-
Howell Company. 'The latter has a radiator plant at
Uniontown that is second largest in the country, an
enamel-ware plant that is largest in America, and a fine
boiler and furnace factory at Norwich, Conn. 'These
plants employ 900 men. The head offices are at 46-48
East Twentieth Street, New York.
Such versatility must result from good blood, which

is manifest in Mr. Howell's ancestral history. His
father "came west" in 1845, a graduate fresh from Co­
lumbia College, settling at Uniontown and building up
and maintaining for 40 years an extensive law practice.
'The hitter's father, an importing merchant in
New York, who sent his own vessels to the Orient, came
of the Philadelphia and New Jersey lb .wells, soldiers
in the wars of 1776 and 1812. Jacob Howell was commissary
general under General Washington. Arthur
Howell was the orginal of the Quaker preacher in Dr.
S. \\reir Mitchell's novel, "Hugh Wynne, Free
Quaker." Another ancestor, d' English stock, orif
inally from Wales, was
John Ladd, the surveyor
w ho laid out Philadelphia
for William Penn.
Air. Howell was married
at Boston, June 27, [888,
to Miss Grace I lurd, of that
city. 'The family home is a
handsome country place mi
the old National Pike about
a mile east of Uniontown,
Pa. Air. Howell served
tour vears as a member of
Company C, 'Tenth Regiment,
National Guard of
Pennsylvania. 1 le is a member
of the Duquesne Club
of Pittsburgh, and of the
Alpha Delta College fraternity.
JOHN POR TER
HUN T E R—One of the
busiest and at the same time
most genial lawyers of the
Allegheny County Bar Association
is John Porter
I lunter. By 11 a t u r e and
education he is unpretentious,
but withal bright,
energetic, and capable. His
large and enviable clientele is representative of the highest
and best business and professional interests, and their
trust in his counsel is repaid by services unexcelled in all
that makes for success in their various capacities.
He comes of Irish parentage. His father is Thomas
A. Hunter, manager of the nail factory of Jones &
Laughlin. His mother is Sara A. Hunter, a descendant
of a fine old Irish ancestry. "Their son received a portion
of his education under the direction of a tutor, finishing
his school work at Washington and Jefferson
College.
He read law after leaving college and was admitted
to practice in [882 at the bar of Allegheny County. He
( ) R A' () S I R G I
HOX. lOSEI'II A. LANGFITT
has been continuously engaged in his profession ever
since. In 1901 he formed a partnership with S. Schoyer,
Jr., which continued until 1907. On Jan. 1, 1907, the
linn of Lyon, Hunter and Burke was formed, and in
this connection Air. I lunter is a valuable and successful
practitii mer.
Air. Hunter has never aspired to political office of
anv kind. He is a director in the Guarantee, 'Title &
Trust Co., and in the Pittsburgh Surety Company, and
is a director and secretary in the Consolidated ( )il Company.
He is a member of the representative social clubs
of Pittsburgh, and is highly
respected by all.
L D W A R I) L LE
L E A L N S—Edward Lee
Learns, mie of the brightest
lawyers of the younger generation
practicing in Pittsburgh,
was born at the Bolton
Hotel, Harrisburg, Pa.,
March 31,1

84 S ( ) A" O F T S IT R G H
vania, October 19, 1858. He graduated from Washington
and Jefferson College in 1879, with degree of
A.B., receiving degree of A.M. three years later; was
admitted to the bars of Leaver and Allegheny Counties
in 1882, and has practiced law continuously since. He
has argued cases in all the branches of the Pennsyl­
vania Courts and the Federal Courts, including the Supreme
Court of the United States. He served four
years in Select Council, and three years in Board of
School Control of Allegheny City. He has been succes­
sively President of the Mercantile Lank of Pittsburgh,
of the Federal National Lank of Pittsburgh, and of the
Bank of Brushton. He is a Director of the Mercantile
'Trust Company, Bankers Trust Company and Central
'Trust Company of Pittsburgh. He has also been Supreme
Regent of the Royal Arcanum and President of
the National Fraternal Congress. He is a member of
the Duquesne Club, 'Tariff Club, Americus Club, Metropolitan
Club and Colonial Club of Pittsburgh, and the
Harrisburg Club of Harrisburg.
He was elected a member of the Senate of Pennsylvania,
November 6, 1906. He resides at No. 509 South
Linden Avenue. Pittsburgh.
ALFRED AIcCLUNG LEE—The son of a greatly
respected Baptist preacher, the Rev. George L. Lee, and
the grandson of the Rev. Samuel McClung, a noted
Presbyterian minister, connected mi his mother's side
with the well known McClung family, Alfred AlcClung
Lee was born in Oakmont, Pennsylvania, on June 7,
'S/3-
A graduate of the public schools, and of the State
Normal School at Indiana, Pennsylvania, at the age of
19 he secured a teacher's position in a country school in
Cambria County. Next he was made the principal of the
Walnut Grove School near Johnstown. Again he was
promoted, this time to be the principal of the Fourth
AA^ard School at Johnstown, which situation he held until
1897. Then, after traveling for a year for a school supply
house, young Lee began his studies in the Law Department
of the AA^estern LTniveristy of Pennsylvania.
On graduating in 1902 he was admitted to the bar and
entered into active practice. In his special line of corporation
work, as a lawyer he has already achieved substantial
success. Since the organization of the Juvenile
Court he has been the counsel of the officers of the court.
ddie clubs to which Air. Lee belongs are the Oakmont
Country Club, the Oakniont Boat Club, and the Elks
Club and Press (dub of Pittsburgh.
JAMES W. LEE—Successful in law and politics,
famous as the advocate of the cause of the independent
oil producers, James W. Lee has his place in history. He
was born in Sharon, Pennsylvania, in 1845. Having
attended both institutions, by Westminster College, at
New Wilmington, and by Allegheny College, at Mead­
ville, he is claimed as an honored graduate. After study­
ing law in the offices of Myers and Kinnear at Franklin,
he amply proved his qualifications and was duly admitted
to the Bar in 1869.
In 1871 he was elected a member of the Council of
Franklin. Because of his record as a councilman, he
was promoted to be mayor of the city. From the
mayor's chair, in 1878, he was elevated to a seat in the
State Senate. In 1882 he was re-elected. Later he
declined a nomination to Congress. A staunch Repub­
lican, an effective speaker, noted for his ability to discuss
the tariff question, mi stump, in various parts of the
country, in the first Harrison campaign, James W. Lee
rendered his party distinguished and valuable service.
Since attaining in that way national recognition, his
subsequent career has made him even more prominent.
After practicing for three years, in 1872 he formed
a law partnership with S. C. T. Dodd, which continued
until 1881. After this partnership was dissolved, Dodd
eventually became the senior counsel of the Standard
Oil Company, while Lee was known as one of the Standard's
strongest and most unyielding opponents. Despite
the great divergence of their views as to what was best
for the oil business, the two eminent attorneys were
always friends. 'The legal champion of those who were
unalterably opposed to trust methods was a pall-bearer at
Dodd's funeral. Five years after the termination of
his partnership with S. C. T. Dodd, Senator Lee was
associated with N. B. Smiley and F. W. Hastings. On
the death of Mr. Smiley, Ceorge S. Crisswell, now
Judge of Venango County, joined the firm. This partnership
contract ended in 1891. In 1894, Senator Lee
removed to Pittsburgh. Here for five years he was the
head of the law firm of Lee and Chapman. 'Then he
practiced alone for three years. In 1902 was formed
the present firm of Lee and Mackey, the members of
which are James AY Lee, Eugene Mackey, Cornelius D.
Scully and Ralph R. Lee. 'The law offices of Lee and
Mackey are in the Columbia Bank Building.
A pioneer in the oil business, the executive of the
first independent oil company and, in its most strenuous
years, President of the Pure Oil Company, James W.
Lee, both financially and legally, in the desperately
prolonged battle between the trusts and the independents,
contributed largely to the achievement of the
victory that has been obtained. 'That he might give his
undivided attention to the legal side of the controversy,
he voluntarily resigned the presidency of the company
he had helped to build up so substantially. He is now
the Arice-President and a Director of the Pure Oil Company.
HON. SA.A1ULL ALFRED AIcCLUNG—Ranking
high in the long list of able jurists who have graced
the local Bench is the Hon. Samuel Alfred McClung.
Judge AlcClung is a native of the county, and was born

s () R Y () S I'. U G 85
March 2, 1845, his parents being the Rev. Samuel AT
Met lung, a well-known minister of the Presbyterian
Church, and Airs. Nancy C. AlcClung. Lis ancestors
were among the earliest Scotch-Irish settlers in Western
Pennsylvania, whose impress is stamped upon the community
to this day. Jeremiah Murray, a prominent
pioneer of "Old Westmoreland," was his great-grandfather
mi the maternal side.
Judge AlcClung graduated at Washington, now
Washington and Jefferson College, at Washington, La.,
in the class of [863, and takes much interest in the local
alumni association of the united colleges. He was admitted
to the bar December
15, 1868, and practiced in
Pittsburgh until May 27.
1891, when he was commissioned
Judge of Common
Pleas No. 3. In the fall of
the same year he was elected
to the same position for a
full ten-year term, and in
1901 was re-elected, and is
now serving his second full
term.
WILLIAM A. MA-
GEE—One of the best
k 11 o vv 11 young attorneys
now practicing at the Allegheny
County liar is William
A. Magee, a representative
of the old family of
that name winch has been
prominent in Pittsburgh's
social, business, professional
and political life for more
than a century.
Air. Magee was born in
Pittsburgh, May 4. 1873.
and is a son of Edward S.
and Elizabeth S. Magee.
His paternal ancestors came
from Ireland in the middle
of the eighteenth century, and those mi the maternal side
from Germany and France in the early part of the nineteenth
century. Some of the latter were among the ear­
liest settlers at Canton. 0., and were all farmers.
'The subject of this sketch was educated in the public
schools of Pittsburgh, including the Central High School.
His first employment was that of a clerk, but the boy
early determined to qualify himself for a better position
in life, so he read law at night, and was admitted to the
Allegheny County Bar in [895, when he had barely
reached his majority. He has been successfully practicing
his profession in Pittsburgh since the date of his
formal admission to the ranks of the disciples of Black-
stone. He has served as Assistant District Attorney,
as a member of Common Council of the City "i Pittsburgh,
and as a member of the Senate ol Pennsylvania,
in the last-named body being the successor of his
uncle, the late Christopher Lyman Magee, who was for
many years considered Pittsburgh's foremost citizen.
He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican
nomination for Mayor of Pittsburgh in [906, alter a
brilliant canvass which added to Ins popularity as well
as acquaintanceship. He was elected t the Chairmanship
of the Republican County Committee of Allegheny
County, unanimously, in November. [906, upon the elev
atii hi 1 if the I b in. T. J,
Fi ird to co 111 111 o n pie a s
bench. He has since retired
from this chairmanship in
order to devote his attention
to the exacting duties
of his large and growing
|in ifessii mal practice.
Air. Alagee's successful
career is but another illustration
of the opportunities
open to young men in this
country, when backed up by
pluck, energy, intelligence
and character. He helped
himself to honorable position
by displaying the ability
t' 1 fill such positions creditably
when, of course, others
were naturally ready to assist
in his advancement.
Whether Air. Alagee's
professional and political
e 11 g a g e m cuts were t
strenuous to allow him time
to attend any of the busy
terms of Cupid's con r t.
"where tender plaintiffs actions
bring," is not exactly
known, but certain it is that
he is still a bachelor. I le
is a member of the Duquesne, Country, Americus and
1 ither clubs.
AMU.I. A. McC'LUNC
JOHN MARRON—Mr. Marron was born in Pittsburgh
on August 28, [854, and is consequently 53 years
of age. although he looks and acts the part of a much
younger man. doubtless owing to his correct habits of
life. He is the son of James and Margaret McCune
Marron, and was educated in the public and private
schools of Pittsburgh and Allegheny ami in the Pittsburgh
Central High School, in all of which he proved
himself a bright student. He was admitted to the Al­
legheny County Bar in December. [875, and immediately

86 S ( ) R A" ( ) lT R G H
gave evidence ol legal talent which has since been developed
so strikingly.
Air. Marron has attained that enviable position at the
Bar, where he is retained on one side or the other of
nearly every important criminal case. This is a standing.
of course, which could only be attained by industry, perseverance
and brains, together with unflagging loyalty
to the best interests of his clients. He is a profound
student of legal principles, which he is said to be able to
apply quickly and accurately to every case that he accepts.
Air. Marron is a lover of 1 ks outside of the law,
and is an authority on many phases of literature, science
and history. He is also a great lover of flowers, and at
his pleasant home at Quaker Valley he has many rare
horticultural specimens with which he delights to entertain
his friends.
A. M. NFEPER—A. AT Neeper has been, and is,
counsel for some of the most important interests in Pittsburgh;
under his guidance have been brought about numerous
mergers involving vast amounts of capital. As
counsel for the purchasers of the Allegheny and Manchester
'Traction System, as the legal adviser of the
Widener-Elkins-Magee syndicate, which, with 'Thomas
N. Bigelow, acquired the Pittsburgh, Oakland and
East Liberty Passenger Railway and other Pittsburgh
street railway properties, Air. Neeper effectually assisted
to put through some large and advantageous consolidating
undertakings. He organized the Millvale,
Etna and Sharpsburg Street Railway Company, and by
combining it with the Northside and 'Transverse Passenger
Railways, constituted the present Allegheny
'Traction Company, of which he is now the Secretary,
'Treasurer and Counsel. In fact. Air. Neeper acted as
counsel in the organization of the traction companies,
which in Pittsburgh and Allegheny first reconstructed as
cable and electric railways the principal passenger lines
now merged in the Pittsburgh Railways Company's system.
Lie was the attorney for the syndicate that formed
the Pittsburgh Brewing Company, which splendid organization
as it stands to-day is attributed to Neeper's
consummate skill. Likewise he was the only legal adviser
of the associated capitalists that organized the
Independent Brewing Company of Pittsburgh.
A. AT Neeper was exclusively the counsel controlling
the formation of the Pittsburgh Coal Company. In this
was involved the unifying of over 100 rival coal operators
and the consolidation of over 85,000 acres of coal.
'The organization of this company has been copied since
by other combinations of a similar nature throughout the
country.
The counsel I'm- the syndicate that organized the
Pittsburgh Stove and Range Company was A. AT Neeper.
When the < ioulds with their railroad sought to enter
Pittsburgh, about the first move made by those who were
backing the "Pittsburgh and Toledo" was to secure
Attorney Neeper's services. In this connection Mr.
Neeper. with Col. Wells 11. Blodgett, General Counsel
of the Wabash Railroad Company, procured the passage
of the Act of Congress which enabled the Pittsburgh
and Mansfield Railroad Company to build the present
"Wabash Bridge" across the Monongahela River.
Neeper was counsel for the Pittsburgh and Mansfield
Railroad Company, the Washington County Railroad
Company, the Pittsburgh, Toledo and Western Railroad
Company, and he organized Gould interests that afterwards,
under his direction, were consolidated in Pitts­
burgh, Carnegie and Western Railroad Company and
the present Wabash, Pittsburgh Terminal Railway Company.
'Through Neeper's efforts was obtained a decision
of the Allegheny Count}- Court which permitted the
Wabash extension to begin building of its railway system
into Pittsburgh.
A. AT Neeper at present represents the Greene County
and Buckhannon & Northern Railroad Company, which
are to be constructed. In several of these roads he is an
officer and director.
He assisted in the organization and was an officer and
counsel of the American 'Trust Company, and, as counsel,
supervised the merger and consolidation of the American
and the Pennsylvania 'Trust Companies, and the acquirement
by the American 'Trust Company of the Columbia
National Bank, 'Tradesman's National Bank, and the
Germania Savings Bank; and after such merger and acquirement,
he represented the American 'Trust Company
in its consolidation with the present Colonial 'Trust Company.
CHARLES ANTHONY O'BRIEN—Charles Anthony
O'Brien is one of the most prominent of Pittsburgh's
lawyers, his long legal career being marked by
many successes. He was born Nov. 27. 1853, in Baldwin
"Township, now Carrick Boro.
His father. Dr. J. IT O'Brien, who devoted fifty
years of his life to the medical profession in this country.
was born in Carrick-im-Suir. Ireland, and graduated
from the University of Dublin. He emigrated to the
United States in 1832, settling in Allegheny County.
where he continued the practice of medicine till his death
in [887. His wife, whose maiden name was fane J.
Neel, died in 1895, aged 74.
Charles A. O'Brien attended the common schools of
this country and afterwards graduated from St. Vincent's
Catholic College. Wheeling, W. Va. Air. O'Brien
studied medicine several years, part of which time he
spent as an interne at the West Penn Hospital of this
city. Deciding that he preferred the legal profession.
he began the study of law with the late Capt. Samuel C.
Schoyer, and was admitted to the bar in 1876. Mr.
O'Brien, who is the senior member of the firm of O'Brien
& Ashley, has been engaged in general law practice sue-

s () R A' ( ) S U R G I 87
cessfullv. and has been identified with many important
cases, both civil and criminal. AT O'Brien has been an
active Republican in many hot campaigns.
HON. JAMES IT REED—Many Pittsburghers having
inside knowledge of the now famous clash between
Air. Carnegie and Air. Frick will always give credit for
the final settlement to Judge Reed. James B. Dill was
called into the case merely for his knowledge of New
Jersey law. but walked off with the laurels of the man
who accomplished the calling oft of hostilities.
Judge Reed was born in what was then Allegheny
Citv. September 10, 1853, a son of Dr. J. A. and Eliza­
beth IT Reed. His father
was for many years superintendent
of the Western
Pennsylvania Hospital for
the Insane. 'The son's elementary
education was secured
in the public schools
of the Northside and finished
in Western University
of Pennsylvania, from
which he graduated in 1872.
In 1875, when a young man
of 22 years, he took up the
study of law in the office of
his uncle. David Reed, who
was one of Pittsburgh's famous
attorneys in the early
days. Equipped with a great
degree of natural ability.
energy and pluck, and given
the benefit of most careful
training in youth and the
best of legal advice when a
young man branching out
into law, Reed soon made
himself a man to be respected
in worldly affairs.
Young Reed had studied
with his uncle but two years
CHARL
when, in 1877, he began the practice of law in company
with another young man who seemed destined to make
his mark in the world—P. C. Knox. 'The law firm of
Knox and Reed was formed, which, minus the presence
of the junim- United States Senator from Pennsylvania.
exists now under the name of Reed. Shaw. Smith &
Beal. Air. Reed still spends many hours at his law office,
though the enormous detail attached to his manifold
business ventures demand most of his time. His practice
is to turn cases over to his law partners whenever
possible.
'Title of Judge Reed, which still clings to him. springs
frmn his occupancy of the United States district court
bench for less than a year's time. He was appointed
judge by President Benjamin Harrison, February 20.
1891, when fudge Achesmi resigned to take the place-
on the circuit bench left vacant by Judge McKennan,
and resigned, through ill health. January 15, [892.
Judge Reed was one of the advisers of Andrew Carnegie
in his industrial ventures for years, besides being
engaged in shaping the legal work for innumerable big
industries. Resides being president of the Philadelphia
Company, he is mi the boards of the various subsidiary
concerns, and interested in innumerable banking and
financial institutions. He is member of the Union. Duquesne.
University, Crucible and other clubs, a member
of the Chamber of Commerce, and admitted to practice
in the United States Supreme
Court and before
courts in various States.
Judge Reed was married
in June, 1878, to Miss
Kate J., daughter of David
Aiken, Jr., the couple having
fmir children, Joseph
H. (deceased ). David A..
James II.. Jr., and [Catherine.
The Reeds have a
magnificent home in the
Shadyside section of the
city.
HON. ED MO N I)
HOMER REPPERT—Of
Pennsylvanians who have
been honored by the votes
of their fellow citizens, few
are, by the result of the
ballot, more appropriately
clothed with the dignities
A. O'BRIEN
and responsibilities that appertain
to the office of judge
than the I Ion. E. II. Reppert,
of Fayette County.
His election was not accidental.
He was chosen
because he was so well known, because a majority of the
voters of Fayette County realized that he was in ever}
way worthy and well qualified for the place. The
county in which he was born and raised, the district in
which he had practiced law successfully for 15 years,
was cognizant of his talent and character. People,
among whom he had lived all his life, were for him
unhesitatingly.
Edmond Homer Reppert was born in Fayette Count}-,
Pennsylvania, mi October 2^. 1855. Educated at the
public schools and at Bucknell College, he studied law
under the preceptorship of Judge Nathaniel Ewing. Admitted
to the bar in 1883, he began the practice of law
under favorable auspices. Lor 15 years he practiced in

88 ( ) A' O F S B U R G I
Fayette County, and all the while he rose higher and
higher in the public estimation. In 1898 he was elected
Judge of the Cmut of Common Pleas of Fayette Count}.
In [899 he succeeded Judge Mestrezal as President Judge.
( )n the bench he illustrates to good advantage the quali­
ties which Socrates said a judge should have.
ANDREW C. ROBERTSON—Andrew C. Robertson
is one of the most genial and versatile members of
the Allegheny County bar. Born in Glasgow, Scotland,
May 4, 1850, he came to this country in April, 1866. and
is a striking example of the self-educated man. Until
1883 he was a glass blower, and for a number of years
was president of the glass blowers' organization in this
city.
In 1883 he was elected to the State House of Representatives,
serving in that capacity for three terms.
During his last term as a legislator he went into the law
office of Fred Magee as a student. He made good use
of his time, and in 1890 was admitted to practice. His
familiarity with people and conditions has stood him in
good stead in his profession, and he still follows the calling
in which he is so successful with both civil and criminal
cases.
In 1888 he was elected a member of select council
from the 35th ward, serving six years. He then moved
to the 22nd ward, where he now resides. In 1896 he was
elected chairman of the Republican Executive Committee,
being continuously elected to the same position until
I903-
His law offices are located in the Frick Building
Annex, where, with all his experience at their command,
his clients seek and receive the counsel which by dint of
his own exertions he has wrested from life and its mutabilities.
WILLIAM BLACKSTOCK RODGERS—William
B. Rodgers is doubtless one of the most distinguished attorneys
now in active practice in Pennsylvania, and mie
of the busiest professional men in the citv of Pittsburgh,
where busy men are not uncommon. Aside from his
important duties as the head of the law department of
the citv he is very frequently retained in the greatest
cases coming before the county, the superior and the
supreme courts.
Air. Rodgers was born in Allegheny Citv July 1,
J84O, his father being the Rev. James Rodgers, a prominent
minister of the gospel, and his mother Eliza Livingston.
His father was born in County "Tyrone, Ireland,
and came to this country alone at the age of
seventeen. His mother was born in Washington County,
New A'ork. and when a child moved with her parents to
Washington County, Pennsylvania.
Air. Rodgers received his literary and scientific training
at the Western Univeristy of Pennsylvania and at
Allegheny Citv College, Allegheny. After a due course
of legal instruction he was admitted to the Allegheny
County bar before he had attained his majority in 1866.
He was Solicitor for the City of Allegheny from 1870
to 1888, during which period his practice and study made
him a recognized authority mi municipal law, which he
is to-dav. Since 1903 he has been city solicitor of Pitts­
burgh, and as such handled the important litigation inci­
dent to the gas and the Greater Pittsburgh cases.
HON. ELLIOTT RODGERS—Mr. Rodgers was
born in Allegheny City mi December 12, 1865. He was
educated in the public schools of his native citv, and at the
Pittsburgh Academy, where he took high rank as a student
inclined towards original research and investigation
with a determination to know the why and wherefore of
assertions made in the text-books. After leaving the
academy he studied law and was admitted to the Allegheny
County bar in 1887 at the early age of 22. AAHien
only 30 years of age he was elected to the responsible
position of city solicitor of Allegheny. He was reelected
to this position in 1898 and again in 1900.
In January, 1901, Air. Rodgers was appointed by
the governor of Pennsylvania to fill a vacancy on the
bench of Common Pleas Court No. 2 of Allegheny
C'ountv. and took his seat as judge in that court on Feb.
9, 1901. In November of the same year this appointment
was confirmed by the votes of the people, as shown by
his election for a full term of ten years. 'This elevation
to the bench after only 14 years at the bar and only 36
years of age is said to have no parallel in the legal history
of Allegheny County.
After serving with great credit mi the common pleas
bench for about four years. Judge Rodgers found, as
other jurists before him have found, that the judicial
salary did not by any means measure up to the income
from the private practice which the same legal talent
could command. Accordingly, with much reluctance, he
felt compelled to lay aside the high honors conferred
upon him by his fellow citizens, and resigned to become
general counsel for the Pittsburgh Coal Company, one
of the greatest industrial concerns in the country. But
even this position, with a large salary attached, was not
held long until the citizens of Allegheny tendered other
honors to ATr. Rodgers in the shape of the Republican
nomination for the State Senate in the forty-second district
for a four-year term beginning Jan. 1, 1907. Senator
Rodgers at once took high rank in the Senate, and
is a member of a number of important committees.
When Judge Rodgers retired from the bench he
organized the present well known law firm of Rodgers.
Blakely and Calvert, of which he is the head.
Judge Rodgers comes of good old Scotch-Irish stock.
which has been dominant in western Pennsylvania for
more than a century. He is a son of Thomas L. and
( lara Scott Rodgers, his father having been a prominent
merchant for many years, and now a member of the

T F S ( ) R A" () I T T I' R fi I 89
county tax board. His grandfather, the Rev. James
Rodgers. came from the north of Ireland early in the
nineteenth century, founded the Second U. P. Church of
Allegheny and preached there for 33 successive years.
His grandmother was Eliza Livingston, one of the very
early settlers in western Pennsylvania. His mother's
parents were John Scott and Alary Elliott, who were
among the early settlers in Allegheny County.
RICHARD BROWN SCANDRETT—Among the
younger generation of attorneys who have been conspicuously
successful as practitioners at the Allegheny
County bar is the gentleman whose name heads this
article.
Tor generations it has been the custom of certain
classes of irresponsible people to hurl their shafts of
feeble witticism at the legal profession as if its members
were a sort of necessary evil who preyed upon unfortunate
litigants. 'This notion, however, has long been
banished from the minds of intelligent citizens by the
upright conduct of the average jurist and counsellor as
exemplified at the bar of Allegheny County, which, it is
said, has no superior in the State or in other States.
Since the days of old "Coke upon Lyttleton" and of
Blackstone, law students have been taught to magnify
the nobility of their calling by respecting the rights of
others and dealing honestly with their clients and with
themselves.
The cheerful idiot who savs lawyers are unnecessary
usually changes his mind when he hears the verdict in
the case which he attempted to plead for himself.
Richard IT Scandrett was born in Pittsburgh June
50, 1861, his parents being William A. Scandrett, a clerk,
and Mary Brown Scandrett. His father was a native of
Ireland, while his mother was of American birth, but of
English parentage. He was educated in the public
schools of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, Adrian College.
Mich., and Washington and Jefferson College, graduating
at the last named institution in 1885.
Air. Scandrett does not despise the day of small
beginnings, and is proud of the fact that at 14 years of
age he went to work as an office boy in a local real estate
office. From 1877 to 1879 he was a page in the State
Senate, and a good one, too, and in '80 and '81 was a
clerk in the same body. From 1885 to 1887 inclusive
he was an instructor in the Allegheny High School, and
from 1887 to [892 was the efficient secretary of the
board of school controllers of Allegheny. He was admitted
to the bar of Allegheny County in December,
1889, and has been practicing before the local courts
since that date. Among the positions now tilled by Air.
Scandrett are those of president of the Pittsburgh 'Transfer
Company, director of the Wabash Passenger and
Baggage Company, counsel for the committee in charge
of the management of the Mobile, Jackson & Kansas
Citv Railroad Co.. and a director in the same corporation.
Air. Scandrett and Aliss Agnes Morrow were mar­
ried at Slippery Rock. Butler County, Pa., on July 8.
1890. Their children are Richard B. Scandrett. Jr.,
aged 16, Rebeckah, aged 14. and Jay Morrow Johnson.
aged 12. 'The subject of this sketch takes a lively interest
in various social, political and business organizations, and
is a member of the Duquesne Club, the Americus Republican
Club, the Pittsburgh Press Club, the Chamber of
Commerce, the Allegheny Turn-Verein, the Heptasops,
the Royal Arcanum, Phi Delta 'I beta, and others.
EDWIN WHETHER SMITH—Edwin Whittier
Smith was born October 27,. 1857, in what was then
known as Alt. Washington Borough—now the 32nd
ward of Pittsburgh. His parents were both New Engenders;
his father. Curtis Benjamin .Miner Smith, a
lawyer, coming from Connecticut, and bis mother.
Hannah Jacobs (Washburn) Smith, from New Hampshire.
His early education was secured 111 the Avers Latin
School of Pittsburgh, where he prepared for college. At
the age of seventeen he entered A'ale. graduating with
the class of 1878. After reading and studying law for
the next two years, he was admitted to practice at the
bar of Allegheny County on Dec. 31, 1880.
He became associated with Judge J. IT \\

88 () R Y 0 F S U R G H
Fayette Count}, and all the while he rose higher and
higher in the public estimation. In [898 he was elected
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette Count}.
In 1891; he succeeded Judge Mestrezal as President Judge.
< in the bench he illustrates to good advantage the qualities
which Socrates said a judge should have.
ANDREW C. ROBERTSON—Andrew C. Robertson
is one of the most genial and versatile members of
the Allegheny County bar. Born in Glasgow, Scotland,
May 4. 1850, he came to this country in April, 1866, and
is a striking example of the self-educated man. Lntil
1883 he was a glass blower, and for a number of years
was president of the glass blowers' organization in this
city.
In 1883 he was elected to the State House of Representatives,
serving in that capacity for three terms.
During his last term as a legislator he went into the lawoffice
of Fred Magee as a student. He made good use
of his time, and in 1890 was admitted to practice. His
familiarity with people and conditions has stood him in
good stead in his profession, and he still follows the calling
in which he is so successful with both civil and criminal
cases.
In 1888 he was elected a member of select council
from the 35th ward, serving six years. He then moved
to the 22nd ward, where he now resides. In 1896 he was
elected chairman of the Republican Executive Committee.
being continuously elected to the same position until
'903.
His law offices are located in the Frick Building
Annex, where, with all his experience at their command,
his clients seek and receive the counsel which by dint of
his own exertions he has wrested from life and its mutabilities.
WILLIAM BLACKSTOCK RODGERS—William
IT Rodgers is doubtless one of the most distinguished attorneys
now in active practice in Pennsylvania, and one
of the busiest professional men in the citv of Pittsburgh,
where busy men are not uncommon. Aside from his
important duties as the head of the law department of
the citv he is very frequently retained in the greatest
cases coming before the count}-, the superior and the
supreme courts.
Air. Rodgers was born in Allegheny Citv July 1,
184(1, his father being the Rev. James Rodgers. a prominent
minister of the gospel, and his mother Eliza Livingston.
His father was born in County "Tyrone, Ireland,
and came to this country alone at the age of
seventeen. His mother was born in Washington County,
New York, and when a child moved with her parents to
Washington County. Pennsylvania,
Air. Rodgers received his literary and scientific training
at the Western Univeristy of Pennsylvania and at
Allegheny City College, .Allegheny. After a due course
of legal instruction he was admitted to the Allegheny
County bar before he had attained his majority in 1866.
He was Solicitor for the City of Allegheny from 1870
to 1888, during which period his practice and study made
him a recognized authority on municipal law, which he
is to-day. Since 1903 he has been city solicitor of Pitts­
burgh, and as such handled the important litigation incident
to the gas and the Greater Pittsburgh cases.
HON". ELLIOTT RODGERS—Mr. Rodgers was
born in Allegheny City on December 12, 1865. ^e was
educated in the public schools of his native citv. and at the
Pittsburgh Academy, where he took high rank as a student
inclined towards original research and investigation
with a determination to know the why and wherefore of
assertions made in the text-books. After leaving the
academy he studied law and was admitted to the Allegheny
County liar in 1887 at the early age of 22. When
only 30 vears of age he was elected to the responsible
position of city solicitor of Allegheny. He was reelected
to this position in [898 and again in 1900.
In January, 1901, Mr. Rodgers was appointed by
the governor of Pennsylvania to fill a vacancy on the
bench of Common Pleas Court No. 2 of Allegheny
County, and took his seat as judge in that court on Feb.
9, 1901. In November of the same year this appointment
was confirmed by the votes of the people, as shown by
his election for a full term of ten years. 'This elevation
to the bench after only 14 vears at the bar and only 36
years of age is said to have no parallel in the legal history
of Allegheny County.
After serving with great credit on the common pleas
bench fm- about four years, Judge Rodgers found, as
other jurists before him have found, that the judicial
salary did not by any means measure up to the income
from the private practice which the same legal talent
could command. Accordingly, with much reluctance, he
felt compelled to lay aside the high honors conferred
upon him by his fellow citizens, and resigned to become
general counsel for the Pittsburgh Coal Company, one
of the greatest industrial concerns in the country. But
even this position, with a large salary attached, was not
held long until the citizens of Allegheny tendered other
honors to Air. Rodgers in the shape of the Republican
nomination for the State Senate in the forty-second district
for a four-year term beginning Jan. 1. 1907. Senator
Lodgers at mice took high rank in the Senate, and
is a member of a number of important committees.
When Judge Rodgers retired from the bench he
organized the present well known law firm of Rodgers.
Blakely and Calvert, of which he is the head.
Judge Rodgers comes of good old Scotch-Irish stock.
which has been dominant in western Pennsylvania for
more than a century. He is a son of 'Thomas L. and
( lara Scmt Rodgers. his father having been a prominent
merchant for many years, and now a member of the

T H E S T Q R A" O F LI "T "T S B U g G 11 89
county tax board. His grandfather, the Rev. James Mr. Scandrett and Miss Agnes Morrow were mar-
Rodgers, came from the north of Ireland early in the ried at Slippery Rock. Butler County, Pa., on July 8,
nineteenth century, founded the Second U. P. Church of 1890. Their children are Richard B. Scandrett. Jr.,
Allegheny and preached there for 33 successive vears. aged 16, Rebeckah, aged 14. and Jay Morrow Johnson,
His grandmother was Eliza Livingston, one of the very aged 12. 'The subject of this sketch takes a lively interest
early settlers in western Pennsylvania. His mother's in various social, political and business organizations, and
parents were John Scott and Alary Elliott, who were is a member of the Duquesne Club, the Americus Repubamong
the early settlers in Allegheny County. lican Club, the Pittsburgh Press Club, the Chamber of
Commerce, the Allegheny Turn-Verein, the Heptasops,
RICHARD BROWN SCANDRETT—Among the the R".val Arcanum, Phi Delta Theta, and others.
younger generation of attorneys who have been conspicuously
successful as practitioners at the Allegheny EDWIN WHITTIER SMITH — Edwin Whittier
County bar is the gentleman whose name heads this Smith was born October 27,, 1857, in what was then
article. known as Alt. Washington Borough—now the 32nd
For generations it has been the custom of certain ward of Pittsburgh. His parents were both New Engclasses
of irresponsible people to hurl their shafts of landers; his father, Curtis Benjamin .Miner Smith, a
feeble witticism at the legal profession as if its mem- lawyer, coming from Connecticut, and his mother.
hers were a sort of necessary evil who preyed upon un- Hannah Jacobs (Washburn) Smith, from New Hampfortunate
litigants. 'This notion, however, has long been shire.
banished from the minds of intelligent citizens by the His early education was secured in the Avers Latin
upright conduct of the average jurist and counsellor as School of Pittsburgh, where he prepared for college. At
exemplified at the bar of Allegheny Count}-, which, it is the age of seventeen he entered A'ale, graduating with
said, has no superior in the State or in other States. the class of 1878. After reading and studying law for
Since the days of old "Coke upon Lyttleton" and of the next two vears, he was admitted to practice at the
Blackstone, law students have been taught to magnify bar of Allegheny County on Dec. 31, 1880.
the nobility of their calling by respecting the rights of He became associated with Judge J. IT Reed and
others and dealing honestly with their clients and with Attorney General Knox, entering their law office in
themselves. March, 1881. and his connection with that firm has
'The cheerful idiot who says lawyers are unnecessary never been severed. In 1902 a new organization was perusually
changes his mind when be hears the verdict in fected under the name of Reed. Smith. Shaw & Leal,
the case which he attempted to plead for himself. Air. Smith being one of the chief counsel. 'This linn
Richard B. Scandrett was born in Pittsburgh June enjoys a large clientele among the important and con-
30. 18O1, his parents being William A. Scandrett, a clerk, servative commercial element of this community.
and Mary Brown Scandrett. His father was a native of Air. Smith is also connected with a number of busi-
Ireland, while his mother was of American birth, but of ness concerns, being president of the Smith Hills 'Trust
English parentage. He was educated in the public Company, and of the Alt. Lebanon Cemetery Company,
schools of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, Adrian College, and a director in the following companies: 'The Re-
Alich.. and Washington and Jefferson College, graduat- liance Life Insurance Company, the Monongahela Ining
at the last named institution in 1885. clined Plane Company, the Opalite Tile Company.
Air. Scandrett does not despise the day of small He is unmarried and belongs to the Duquesne.
beginnings, and is proud of the fact that at 14 years of Union, Oakniont Country and University Clubs, and to
age he went to work as an office boy in a local real estate the A'ale Alumni Association.
office. From 1877 to 1879 he was a page in the State
Senate, and a good one, too. and in '80 and '81 was a WILLIAM C. STILLWAGON—William Cassius
clerk in the same body. From 1885 to 1887 inclusive Stillwagon was born mi July 12, 1852, at Claysville,
he was an instructor in the Allegheny High School, and Washington County, Pa. He was the son of Andrew
from 1887 to 1892 was the efficient secretary of the Jacksonand Jane Stillwagon, who were among the early
board of school controllers of Allegheny. He was ad- settlers in that part of the State.
mitted to the bar of Allegheny Count}- in December, He received his preliminary education at the West
1889, and has been practicing before the local courts Alexander Academy, West Alexander, La., after which
since that date. Among the positions now tilled by Air. he became a student at St. Francis College, at Loretta,
Scandrett are those of president of the Pittsburgh 'Trans- Pa., graduating with honors at the latter school.
fer Company, director of the Wabash Passenger and It was his early ambition to take up the study of law.
Baggage Company, counsel for the committee in charge and after completing his course at St. Francis College, his
of the management of the Mobile, Jackson & Kansas parents decided to send him to the University of Notre
Citv Railroad Co.. and a director in the same corporation. Dame, at Notre Dame, Lid., where he entered as a stu-

90 S T ( ) R Y () I T T S i; u R G I
dent in the law school in 1867. He was a dilligent and
faithful student, graduating and receiving his diploma
from this school in 1871.
Returning to his home, he decided to come to Pittsburgh
to complete his studies, and accordingly entered
the law offices of J. 11. Hopkins and T. C. Lazear, where
he remained for about three vears.
He then applied for admission to the Allegheny
County bar, passed the examination, and was admitted
as a member on April 27. 1874. He immediately opened
an office in Pittsburgh, and since that time has been regarded
as one of the foremost attorneys of this citv. For
a number of vears be has represented several of the city's
large corporations, and has a large practice in this class
of legal work.
HON. J. AT SWEARINGEN—The legal business
of Allegheny County required another court, and in response
to that demand the legislature created Common
Pleas Court No. 4. On April 4. 1907, Governor Stuart
appointed as the president of that court and mie of the
three judges. J. AT Swearingen. of Pittsburgh. It was
a most popular selection. Air. Swearingen having been
endorsed by the Allegheny Bar Association. In the election
which followed in November. Judge Swearingen
was re-elected to the high position he now holds.
Judge Swearingen was born in Hanover. Beaver
('ountv, in 1857. He graduated from Washington and
Jefferson College in 1879, read law with the Hon. Boyd
Crumrine at Washington, and was admitted to the practice
of law in Pittsburgh in 1881. Judge Swearingen
has never held a political office. He made a splendid
record as master in many important cases, and his eminent
legal acquirements displayed in these and other matters
commended him not only to the governor for appointment,
but to the people who elected him in the general
election in November, 1907. He is very popular
with the bar of Allegheny County, where he has held
an honorable position for the past twenty-five vears. The
singular coincidence connected with Judge Swearingen's
career is that he was admitted to practice at the Allegheny
County liar mi the very day President Garfield
was sin it.
PAUL SYNNESTVEDT— A man of most varied
attainments and abilities, whose versatility has made for
him opportunities which his energy and adaptiveness enabled
him to appropriate and subserve to his remarkable
career, is Paul Synnestvedt. He was born in Chicago
April 14. 1870. His parents came from the Norse countries,
his father from Norway, and his mother from
Denmark.
He was admitted to the bar and began the practice
of his profession in Chicago in 1897. Prior to this time,
however, he had been laving the foundation for his
career as a patent law expert, being engaged practically
as draughtsman, inspector and mechanical engineer with
the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Co., and the Crane
Company, of Chicago. He is now expert in litigation
for the Westinghmise Air Brake Company, the Crane
Company and many other huge concerns, with offices in
the Trick Building in Pittsburgh, and in the Commercial
National Bank Building in Chicago.
W. II. SEWARD THOMSON—W. II. Seward
'Thomson was born November 16, 1856, in Independence
Township, Leaver County. Pa. He was married
April 12, 1886. to Mary E. Imbrie, of Beaver, Pa.,
daughter of Hon. D. L. Imbrie, twice elected State Sen­
ator from Beaver County. 'The children of this mar­
riage are Marguerite and Florine de Lorme Thomson.
Mr. 'Thomson is a grandson of Alexander 'Thomson, a
sickle maker, who came to Beaver County in 1800.
W. IT S. 'Thomson was educated at Powell's Academy,
Catlettsburg, Kentucky, Marshall College, Pluntington,
West Virginia, and Washington and Jefferson
College, Pennsylvania. He studied law and was admitted
to practice in Cabell County, West Virginia, in
1881, and located in Leaver December 5 of the same
year. In 1882 he formed a partnership with J. R. Alartin,
which was dissolved in 1894. In the same year Air.
'Thomson moved to Pittsburgh and formed a partnership
with his brother, Frank 'Thomson, which still continues.
While Air. Thomson has held no political office, he
was the candidate of the Democratic and allied independent
parties for district attorney of Allegheny County.
He was defeated, but was several thousand votes ahead
of his ticket. In addition to his legal work, Air. 'Thomson
has found some time for literary effort. He has
been a popular lecturer in various sections of the country
mi "Glimpses of Europe," "Victor Hugo" and "Alirabeau
the Orator of the Trench Revolution."
WILLIAM THOMAS TREDWAY — William
Thomas Tredway was born February 12, 1862, at AA'arsaw,
Coshocton County, Ohio. His ancestors farmed
large tracts of land and were of English descent mi the
father's side, and German on the mother's side.
.Mr. 'Tredway was brought up on the farm until he
was eighteen. Educated at the Jefferson Academy he
was enabled by teaching a country school, and studying
much at night, to enter Washington and Jefferson College,
graduating in 1886. He was class poet and business
manager of the "Washington Jeffersonian," the class
publication.
Afterwards he read law with AA'ier & Garrison, continuing
with J. AT Garrison until April, 1892, when he
became associated with Stone & Potter, with which firm
and its successors he has remained until thev went into
the Trick Annex. Air. 'Tredway remaining in the Bakewell
Building, where he conducts a general and corpora-

T H E S T O R Y ( ) T T S I; i' R g 11 91
WILLIAM THOMAS TREDWAY
tiuii practice, hi [906 he was elected vice-chairman oi
the Republican County Committee, succeeding William
A. Magee, and was re-elected at a noted meeting oi the
committee that was called together afterwards, lie has
been many times a delegate to the Republican State ('1 invention,
has always taken an active interest in politics.
but has never been a candidate for public office.
He is counsel for the East End Savings & 'Trust Co.,
Ohio Valley Trust Company, The Coraopolis National
Lank, Logan County Coraopolis Industrial Company,
Coraopolis B. & L. Association. Coraopolis Reality Company,
and Coraopolis Board of Trade.
HON. J. Q. A".AN SWEARINGEN—When Alton
B. Parker was Democratic candidate for President of the
United States it was urged in his behalf that he had been
the candidate of both Republican and Democratic parties
jointly for the exalted judgeship he held in New
York State. In Allegheny County there are instances of
judges who served the people well being re-elected as the
candidate of both old political organizations. However.
it remained for Fayette County, old "Fiat," to elect a
man county judge who at his initial essaying to hold
public office, the first public office he was ever a candidate
for, was the candidate of both Republican and Demo­
cratic voters.
'This man is John Quincy Van Swearingen. judge of
Common Ideas Court in Fayette ('mint}'.
Mr. Van Swearingen is the son of a farmer, and has
himself been one. Lorn in North Union Township,
Fayette Count}-, February 20, 1866, he was elected a
judge in November, 1907, when not yet 42 vears old.
A kind of self-made man that one reads about, Mr.
Swearingen worked, in his early days, on the farm in
summer, and in winter attended the country schools.
He graduated from Alt. Pleasant Institute in 1880, and
from the law department of the University of Michigan
in 1888, being admitted to practice before the Fayette
County bar the same year. Thereafter he spent 19 vears
in assiduously practicing law. At college he became a
member of the Phi Delta Phi legal fraternity. He never
drank intoxicating liquors in his life. He is unmarried.
As a lawyer he has no peers in Fayette County. His
is a record of verdicts secured through thorough preparation,
in which bulldozing of opposing counsel and jurybaiting
have had no part. In physical proportions he
fits the judicial ideal most acceptably.
DAVID T. WATSON—David T. Watson was born
in Washington, Washington County, Pa., January 2,
1844. and spent the early part of his life in that town.
He attended the common schools, after which he enrolled
as a student at Washington and Jefferson College in
Washington, and from which institution he graduated
high in his class in [864.
While at Washington and Jefferson. Air. Watson de-
Q. VAX SWEARINGEN

s ( ) R A" () F S u G h
cided to take up the study of law. and to enter the
Harvard Law School. In the meantime the Civil War
broke out, however, and he considered his first duty to
be that due his country. He accordingly enlisted in
Company B, 58th Pennsylvania Emergency Regiment,
and later left that organization to become a member of
Latterv D in Knapp's Battalion of Independent Artillery
Companies. He saw considerable service in the two
years that he was enlisted, and 111 the tall ol [866 decided
to resume his studies. He therefore made his plans
to enter the Harvard Law School, which he did in the
tall of 18(1(1, and was one
ol the most brilliant students
in the fann >us scln " >1.
Air. Watson graduated
from that school in the same
year, and took the examinatii
hi fi >r admissii in ti 1 the bar
in 1 !i isti hi, Alass. I le suc­
cessfully passed this examination
and was admitted
without difficult}-, this taking
place hi-fore he had been
graduated from Harvard, a
most unusual occurrence.
and one that carries with it
a great deal of honor and
distinctii >n.
Alter practicing in Boston
for several months. Air.
\\ atson decided to return to
Pennsylvania and to apply
for admission to the Allegheny
County bar. Successfull}-
passing this examination
also, he was admitted in
January, 1867, locating in
Pittsburgh, where he has
since practiced.
Since that time he has
been identified with some of
the most interesting and
complicated legal cases that ever come before
the judges of this county, and has for many years
been looked upon as one of the leading legal authorities
of the entire country. Some vears ago he
formed a partnership with John AT Freeman, and
since that time has been senior member of the linn,
which is known as Watson & Freeman, and which is
located in the St. Nicholas Building. During the Alaska
seal controversy, when the boundry limits were so bitterly
disputed. Air. Watson was the United States
Counsel for the Alaska Boundary Commission, and was
an important factor in the settlement of the dispute. Lie
was also the United States Counsel in the famous cases
for the Government known as the "Merger" cases, which
were settled through his superior and widely recognized
ability as a diplomatist.
A. LEO WEIL—It is frequently asserted that the
legal profession is overcrowded, however this may be,
undoubtedly, there is room at the top for those who have
the ability and the determination to rise. Never before
then rreater demand for the services of good
law vers. In no previous time in the history of Pittsburgh
have eminent attorneys occupied more advantageous
positions than thev do to-day. In that he is accorded
a standing propor­
tionate to his acumen, probity
and zeal, is accounted for
the prominence of A. Leo
Weil.
From Bavaria, Germany,
came the ancestors of A.
Leo Weil. His father, Isaac
L. Weil, was established in
business in the South years
before the war. A. Leo
Weil first opened his eyes in
Kevsville, Charlotte County,
Virginia, mi July 19. 1858.
So soon as he could, he attended
the common schools
of his home town in Adrginia.
Later he was sent to
the high school at Titusville,
Pennsylvania. Eventually he
graduated from the Uni­
versity of Virginia. After
receiving his diploma, he
practiced law for a while
in Bradford, Pennsylvania.
He met with some success,
but he was ambitious, and
Pittsburgh with its lure of
greater opportunities drew
him away from Bradford.
II. T. W \TSON
In Pittsburgh, from time
to time- as Ins talent and
trustworthiness became better
known, he was employed in various important cases.
Loth as a counsellor and advocate he made evident not
only his knowledge of the law. but the ability that was in
him. As the legal representative of large interests, in the
days immediately preceding the organization of the
United States Steel Corporation, he proved to the satisfaction
ol his clients, at least, his shrewdness and capability.
When the Voters' League announced its intention, by
drastic action, to clarify somewhat the local political atmosphere,
A. Leo Weil took a conspicuous and highly
successful part in the work. He is the present president
ol the organization.

S K I L F U L E N G I N E E R S - A R C H I T E C T S
Pittsburgh Finds Within Herself the Technical Ability
Sufficient for Her Wondrous Needs—Her Engineers and
Architects Meet Every Demand with Splendid Success
W I T H O U T mention of the engineering triumphs
no story of Pittsburgh's great
growth locally and as the world's industrial
mart would be complete. To the consulting
engineer it owes the same debt that the frail child
who becomes a genius owes to the loving nursing of a
mother or the careful attention of the trained physician,
for the engineer has been mother as well as doctor to
Pittsburgh's ills. Such was Andrew Carnegie's appreciation
of the thoroughly versed engineer that it is said
his first idea in founding the Carnegie 'Technical Schools
was to create more men of the kind he depended upon in
the upbuilding of the great steel industry.
In the immense mills and factories of the Pittsburgh
district, in the city's impressive office buildings, in the
hmne and on every mile of railroad and water route, is
seen the impress of the engineer's ability.
And in no place more than Pittsburgh are technically
trained engineers more in evidence nor the work of this
craft more widely known. 'The $7,000,000 filtration
plant Pittsburgh is building at Aspinwall, in point of
size and modern ideas is an engineering marvel, while
the great chain of locks and dams on the rivers in this
territory and overwhelming success attending their operation
is one of the things that has made river improvement
a national issue. The cantilever style of bridge
found its highest perfection in the Wabash structures
spanning the Monongahela Liver in Pittsburgh and the
I )hio River at Mingo Junction. Application of engineering
ability to railroad and mill building has been mie
series of unbroken triumphs.
In the modern sky-scraper the engineer has found much
to attract his attention, and nowhere have experiments
been more thoroughly tried out than in Pittsburgh. El­
93
evators for high buildings, power plant, heating and
lighting detail have offered boundless opportunities for
experiments. ( hie especially Pittsburgh success vv as the
overcoming recently of the flood evil. A sky-scraper
located in the area usually visited by Pittsburgh's disastrous
tl Is has been made waterproof against anv flood
that does not reach a stage greater than 50 feet. 'This
was accomplished by waterproofing the concrete foundatiihi
1 if the structure.
Offering a meeting place and the opportunity of an
exchange of ideas, the Engineers' Society of Western
Pennsylvania, with its 000 members, has been a big lift
in this work- of progress. Many great technical questions
have been decided in the society's debates, and its career
has been a worthy one since it was founded March -•,
1880. 'There were seven charter members: William
Metc'alf, the first president: A. Gottlieb, the only member
who has since died; Thomas Rodd, E. AT Butz, N. M.
McDowell. William Lent, and J. IT Harlow. In the
society's rooms at anv meeting night might be found the
greater percentage of the men to whom industrial Pittsburgh
owes much of its glory.
Architecturally Pittsburgh has long been noted, and
to this fame some of its native architects have added
new laurels. The old St. Paul's Cathedral. Fifth Avenue
and Grant Street, and the present city hall, were architectural
landmarks, the former being long considered
mie of the best examples of ecclesiastic architecture in
brick. "The court-house, a modern architectural triumph,
is, besides, the masterpiece of Architect Richardson,
whose fame was world-wide.
Among the imposing buildings erected in Pittsburgh
in recent years was the Carnegie Library, since developed
into the expansive Carnegie Institute, on the outskirts of
I

()4 s T () R Y O s U R G J
Schenley Park, and regarded as one of the most imposing
buildings of its class in the world. In a business way
the citv's large buildings are considered of a character
equal to anv in New York City in appointment and as
great in size as many of the boasted high structures in
the metropolis.
In the architecture of its residences the Steel City
is famous, these being located mostly in the outlying
districts, where thev have ample surroundings to accentuate
their effectiveness. In the more expensive residences
there is practically no limit to the amount of money
spent for outside and inside treatment. In the cheaper
class of homes credit is given Pittsburgh for great variety,
very little of the architectural sameness so frequently
encountered in other large cities being in evidence.
Great groups of buildings, like the Carnegie 'Technical
Schools structures, promise to be succeeded in the near
future by a great group representing the Western University
of Pennsylvania, while Soldiers' Memorial Hall
is to be a completed project of the future. Alen who have
watched the citv's wonderful growth say its architectural
beautification has only just begun.
GEORGE T. BARNSLEY—Notwithstanding the
fact that he has resided in this community but seven
vears, George T. Barnsley is one of the most prominent
engineers in the citv.
He received his early education in the public and
private schools of his native locality, subsequently taking
a civil engineering course in Swarthmore College,
Swarthmore, Pa. His practical education began with
CARNEGIE TECHNICAL SCHOOLS
his entering the employ of the Norfolk & Western Rail­
road Co. as rodman with the engineering corps of the
corporation in 1887, By his interest in the study of
details and his conscientiousness in the performance of
his duties, he was rapidly advanced through the various
grades of position, being promoted in 1890 to the posi­
tion of resident engineer. He was with this company
until [893, when his services were secured for engineering
engagements by the Baltimore & Cumberland R. R,
the Pittsburgh and Eastern R. R., the Buffalo, Rochester
& Pittsburgh R. R., besides his private practice.
He devoted special attention to bridge and tunnel
construction, and in these branches of railroad work-
became an expert. His scientific knowledge and prac­
tical experience came in good stead when his services
were sought by the Wabash system at the time it decided
to enter Pittsburgh. He was made resident engineer
in charge of the construction of the Pittsburgh
terminals including the Monongahela River bridge. In
1905 he was made chief engineer of the lines of the
Wabash system east of 'Toledo. During his connection
with this railroad he had superintended the gigantic work
on the Pittsburgh terminal, constructing the cantilever
bridge and the station and the Duquesne Way improvements.
He is a member of a number of art and scientific
institutions of the country, including the American So­
ciety of Civil Engineers, the Engineers' Club of Philadelphia,
the American Association for the Advancement
ol Science, the American Society for 'Testing Materials,
the American Forestry Association, the National Geo-

T 11 E S T () R A' ( ) T S B U L G 9«5
graphic Society, the Art Society of Pittsburgh, vice-president
of the Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania,
and of the Railway Club of Pittsburgh, a life member of
Franklin Institute, etc.
THE J. C. BARR COMPANY—The J. C. Barr
Company, Room 305 in the building at 309 Fourth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, is probably one of the best known
firms of civil and contracting engineers in the Pitts­
burgh District.
'The concern, which is a partnership, is composed
of two brothers, J. Carroll Barr and John T. Barr, both
of whom have had wide experience
in the above classes
of engineering, as well as
masonry and bridge construction,
lock and dam
work and topographical surveys.
J. Carroll Barr has for
many vears been identified
with the United States ( iovernment
as a civil engineer.
and during this period has
been in charge of some of
the most important workthat
the government has undertaken
in this part t the
country. In addition to
having charge of many of
these government undertakings.
Air. Barr also conducted
a private business ol
his own. much of which was
of a consulting nature. ( )n
February 1, 1905. he formed
a partnership with his
brother, John T. Barr, this
being the beginning of the
present business.
At the time the Mellon
interests were forming their
street railway companies,
since merged with those oi
the Pittsburgh Railways Company, John T. Barr held the
responsible position of assistant chief engineer, and during
the construction of these different lines he personally
had charge of much of the roadbed construction, right-
1 if-vvav. etc.
Both gentlemen are identified with a number of local
manufacturing and industrial interests, holding several
positions of official importance in various concerns well
known to Pittsburghers.
BILLQUIST & LEE—If architects, like other peo­
ple, may be rated according to their qualifications, of
GEORGE T. BARNSLEY
the architects of Pittsburgh who have achieved distinc­
tion, certainly among the most capable are Billquist &
I .ee.
T. E. Billquist, the senior partner, graduated with
honor from the celebrated 'Technological Institute of
Gothenburg, Sweden. ()n coming to America in 1887,
because of his evident proficiency, he secured immediate
and important employment in the offices of AlcKim,
Alead & White; in New York and Boston he worked
for this firm over live vears. Unquestionably AlcKim,
Alead & White, as architects, take rank with the foremost
in the United States. In [893 he established his
office at 341 Sixth Avenue.
Notably successful in the
making of plans fi >r private
residences, Mr. Billquist experienced
no lack of prosperity.
Nor was he ignored
so far as concerned public
works. 'The new Allegheny
observatory in Riverside
Lark is one of the contributions
for which he is
best km iv\ 11. I I is business
increased to such an extent
that in 1904 Edward 11. I ,ee
became his partner.
( obtaining his degree in
1893, Edward B. Lee completed
bis pi ist-graduate
course in the Department ol
Architecture of Harvard
University in 1895. In 1901
he wmi the " T r a v e 1 i n g
Scln ilarship of liar v a r d
( 1 illegc" This prize carries
with it 1 ippi ntunities to
travel and study architecture
in Europe. After traveling
extensively through
England, Trance and Italy,
Air. Lee successfully passed
the competitive examination
of the Ecole des Beaux-
Arts in Paris. Since 1905 he has been Instructor in
Architecture at the Carnegie Technical Schools.
PAUL DIDIER—In the past the civil engineer took
rank as a constructor. To-day upon him are imposed
the additional duties of an administrator. He is now
relied on. not only to get results in construction, but also
in maintenance and operation. The ideal civil engineer
is an expert, practical, resourceful scientist who is likewise
a shrewd and able business man. Formerly a civil
engineer was judged almost wholly by his ability to plan;
now when completed is the work of construction he is

96 E S T O R Y () S 1) I" R G II
called upon to go on; his extended task is to procure in­
creased efficiency, to eliminate all unproductive expenditure.
In no other profession does achieving continued
success impose tests under conditions more severe.
Qualified indeed is the engineer who. weighted with
great and difficult responsibilities, rises higher and
higher, year by year. In Pittsburgh such a mie, noted
alike for his scientific attainments and practical achieve­
ments, is Paul 1 )idier.
Not favoritism, nor chance, caused him to be well
ami favorably known for engineering work in connection
with railway construction, betterment and maintenance.
In addition to talent. Air. Didier is gifted with
initiative. From the day he entered the service of the
Pittsburg & Western Railroad he proved his usefulness.
Instead of handling in a perfunctory way the tasks assigned
him, he attacked his work with wholehearted
enthusiasm. Arduous duties did not intimidate Air.
Didier. Nor was he baffled by difficulties of magnitude.
Able to plan, successfully, great undertakings, thoroughly
familiar with every phase and feature of railroading
that pertained to his department, Didier made his services
more and more valuable to the "Pittsburgh and Western."
Time, in the constantly widening field of civil
engineering, presented Air. Didier large opportunities, lie
made the most of them. Aside from his association with
the railroad, mi occasions he was identified with other
very important work. With the "Pittsburgh and Western,"
however, he remained. When that important road
became a part of the great "Baltimore and Ohio" system,
the directors of the "B. & 0." were not unappreciative
of what Air. Didier had done and could do. Professional
eminence is not attained in a day, nor do men long occupy
high positions unless their special fitness is demonstrated.
Of all the civil engineers now lending their ability to the
"IT & ( ).." but few are entrusted with greater responsibility
than Paul Didier. And not many, mi anv railway
system in the United States, are rated higher. Not only
in this country, but abroad his ability is conceded. His
standing as a civil engineer is based entirely mi merit.
It has been said that "the dominant quality of a civil
engineer must be practical common sense, combined with
habits of care and accuracy, and with courage and training
that will enable him to solve new problems and meet
emergencies with success." 'This is a pretty accurate
description of the character of Paul Didier. 'The exigencies
of the service in which he has been engaged
admittedly have developed the traits that make for lasting
and conspicuous success.
DOUGLASS & McKNIGHT—While the name
Douglass & AlcKnight is comparatively new in the business
world, both members of this enterprising and progressive
firm are well known and highly successful in
their profession—civil engineering. This success is due
chiefly to the practical and thorough knowledge each
has of all departments of the business, every detail of
which is given their personal supervision. Their educa­
tion and experience have been conducive to their enviable
standing among the engineering firms of the city and
county in point of quantity and quality of service ren­
dered.
'The firm was established Jan. i, 1907, R. AT
Douglass, the senior member, having been in business
several vears previous to that event, ddieir offices are
at 1707 Unimi Lank Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
William E. AlcKnight was born Jan. 1, 1881, at Alt.
Lebanon, Pennsylvania, at which place his boyhood was
spent. After leaving school he was employed as chain-
man and transitman by R. L. Smith for six years ( 1897-
1905). He then spent one year with the Pittsburgh
Valve, Foundry & Construction Co. During the year
1904 he was draftsman for the Monongahela River Consolidated
Coal & Coke Co. In 1905 and for four months
of K)o(i he was chief draftsman for the Pittsburgh &
Buffalo Co., leaving its employ at that time to accept
the position of assistant engineer with R. AI. Douglass.
At the first of the following year (1907) he became
identified with his late employer as a member of the firm
of Douglass & AlcKnight.
Although only thirty-five years of age, R. AT
Douglass has attained and at present holds many and
varied positions of honor and trust in this community.
He was born and raised mi a farm at Library, Pennsylvania,
attended the Western University of Pennsylvania,
working during vacations as chainman for Wilkins
& Davison. \t the end of his junior year at the university,
he left school to accept a position with R. L.
Smith as transitman. which position he held until 1906.
when he accepted a similar one with Wilkins & Davison
mi work at Vandergrift, Pennsylvania, during its development
period. In November, 1897, he took a position
with AI. J. Alexander as engineer in charge of Ford
City improvements, and afterwards occupied similar
positions with Air. Alexander at Chester, AA'est Virginia,
and at Valley Park, Missouri. He left Air. Alexander's
employ in October, 1004, to engage in business for himself
in Pittsburgh.
ATr. Douglass is at present borough engineer for
Oakmont, Verona, Lord City, Clenfield and Burgettstown,
and engineer for the West Vernon Land Company
and I'm- the Oakniont Land & Improvement Co.,
all ol which business he has transferred to the firm.
S. A". HUBER ,\; CO.—Tt is to the genius of the
mechanical engineer that is due the Smoky Citv's continued
supremacy in iron, steel and allied industries, and
among this class none is better known than the firm of
S. A. Huber & Co., occupying palatial offices in Suite
528-29 Fulton Building, Pittsburgh, whose work the
test of time has made famous throughout the United
States, in Canada and in Germany.

s ( ) R A' ( ) U F G
Sigismund V. Huber, head of the company, trained
himself as few men have for his life work. A graduate
"I Zurich Polytechnic, he spent ten vears as chief engineer
of the Leading Iron & Steel Works, Leading. Pa.,
and three years as engineer with the Lloyd-Both Company,
Youngstown, ()., manufacturers of rolling mill
machinery, thus combining technical training, thorough
operating experience and practical knowledge of the
manufacturing and erecting end of the business. In I 899
he went into business for himself, and the firm has
prospered.
Some of the big designing and erecting contracts
recently completed by the company are the plant of the
LaBelle Iron Works, Steubenville,
().; B e s s e m e r
Plant, Republic Iron & Steel
Co., Youngstown, ().; blast
furnace. Pioneer Alining &
AI a n u f a c t u r i 11 g Co.,
lM ^l^ffl
Thomas, Ala.; continuous
rolling mills. Republic Iron
& Steel To., Youngstown.
().; puddle, sheet, skelp and
pipe mills, Youngstown
Sheet & 'Tube Co., Youngstown,
O.; pipe mill, Mark
Manufacturing Company,
Evanston, 111.; steel foundry,
E. & G. Brooks, Birdsboro.
Pa.; Bessemer plant,
Dominion Iron & Steel Co..
Sydney, Nova Scotia. Canada;
pipe and skelp mills.
Diisseldorfer Rohren- 6c Lisen-Walzwerke,
Dusseldorf,
(iermanv.
i^HBHi^H
BH&rf
k^B S^C-'' ED
JULIAN KENNEDY—
Air. Kennedy is one of the
leading consulting and contracting
engineers in iron, fc^
steel and blast furnace construction
in the country, was
born at Poland, Mahoning County, Ohio, mi March 15.
1852. He received his early education at the Poland
Union Seminary, and later entered the Sheffield Scientific
School of A'ale University, graduating from that institution
in 1875. After graduating from the Poland Seminary,
and prim- to his entering A'ale. Air. Kennedy served
as a draughtsman under his father in the construction of
the plant of the Struthers Iron Company, at Struthers,
Ohio. He was employed on this work for three years
HS
i^K
and received his first actual engineering training at this
time.
Following his graduation from A'ale, he was successively
superintendent of the blast furnaces of the Brier
JULIAN KENNEDV!
llill Iron Company, the Struthers Furnace Company,
the Morse Bridge Works, the Edgar 'Thompson Steel
Works, and the Lucy Furnaces of the Carnegie Steel
Company. These positions covered the period from
1X70 to [885, when he accepted a position as general
superintendent of the immense plant of Carnegie, Phipps
& Co., and his headquarters were moved to Homestead,
Pa. He held this important position until 1888, when
he was appointed chief engineer of the plant of the Latrobe
Steel Company, at Latrobe, La. He remained
there until 1890, when he resigned and entered business
for himself as a consulting and contracting engineer.
Since thai time he has designed and built some of the
largest and most important
blast furnace plants in this
and other countries, and has
perfected and patented a
number of most important
inventions which are now
- 3
%
:
essential to the manufacture
of iron and steel. Air. Kennedy
is a leading member
of the various engineering
clubs of Pittsburgh and
other cities.
EDWIN K. AIORSE—
Well and favorably known
among the civil engineers of
this section is Edwin Rutland
Morse, not only f< ir the
practical work he has accomplished,
but for the
pride he has always taken in
his pnifessdin.
Air. Morse was born at
Poland, Mahoning County,
().. in 1N5O. his parents being
Air. and Airs. Henry K.
Morse, who were worthy
representatives o f the
sturdy, honest Western Reserve
farming class. He
worked mi the farm himself for some vears, and, like
manv other professional men, now admits that this was a
valuable experience. He was educated at Poland Union
Seminary and at A'ale College, where he graduated in
1881. He also attended lectures on bridge construction
at Carlsruhe, Baden, Germany, where he acquired the
most advanced practical and theoretical knowledge pertaining
to his profession.
.After practicing for some ten years he became a partner
of S. A . Ryland during the erection of the Havvkesburg
bridge in Australia in 1887-0. Lor the past 1N
years he has been in business in Pittsburgh.
Air. Morse and Miss Callie Shields, of Blairsville,

oS S T 0 K Y o F S LT R G
Pa., were married in 1885. 'Thev have two daughters,
Edwina and Lucille. Mr. Morse is a member oi the
Duquesne Club, the American Society of Civil Engineers
and the Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania.
Mr. Morse's success is a fine exemplification of the
value of thorough preparation in anv profession com­
bined with close attention to business and a watchful eye
mi anv improvements in methods.
FREDERICK J< ) II X I (STERLING—Frederick
John Osterling, one of the noted architects of America.
is a product of self-development, a self-made man ol
Pittsburgh. At any rate Air. ((sterling has risen by
force of his determination and character to an enviable
reputation. His work has often been remarked as a
standard for others to copy. He was born at Dravos-
burg, mi the Monongahela Liver opposite McKeesport,
October 4. 1805. His father, Philip ((sterling, and his
mother. Bertha Stauffer ((sterling, now of the North
Side, were both descended from families that figured 111
Allegheny County's early history, Young ((sterling had
the advantage of education in the Allegheny public
schools. Later he pursued a course of study in Lessing
Institute.
From childh 1 the lad had an aptitude for "making
pictures," this trait developing afterward into more
dignified form. In 1879, when he was only 14 years
old, he started studying architecture in Pittsburgh.
After several vears as a draughtsman, he began designing
buildings of his own accord. Then came residence
for brief periods in various American cities, he studying
the form and structure of buildings noted for their
beauty, convenience and other features. 'This American
tour was followed by a study of architecture abroad several
vears. He came back to Pittsburgh fully equipped
to match the best architectural work that could be produced,
opening his own office in Pittsburgh in 1888,
when he was only 23 vears old. He has since maintained
offices in this citv, although he has supplemented
and improved his earlier training by trips abroad to study
particular phases of ancient and modern structures.
Mr. Osterling has been in the van in planning the
modern sky-scraper type of office building. Among such
Pittsburgh structures are the Commonwealth Trust
Building that cost 81.OOO,000, a splendid building; the
Arrott that cost $750,000, the ""Times" at $450,000, and
also the Telephone and Hussey Buildings. In bank
buildings of notable construction for beauty and convenience
are the Colonial Trust Company's original
building in Fourth Avenue that cost $500,000, and the
same company's extension to Diamond Street that cost
$200,000: also the Liberty National, Germania Savings,
Lincoln National and Marine National Banks in Pittsburgh,
the 'Third National of Allegheny, and the Citizens
National at Washington, Pa.
In buildings of a public nature Mr. Osterling has
also excelled, as the following show: State Institution
Im- Feeble Minded, at Polk, which cost $800,000, with
later extensions costing $300,000; buildings for insane
at the citv farm at Alarshalsea, $300,000; Allegheny
County Hospital for the Insane, at Woodville, $300,000;
West Penn. Medical College and Alagee Pathological
Institute at Mercy Hospital, Pittsburgh; St. John's
General Hospital. North Side, and buildings for the
Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, at Dix-
mont. Public county buildings designed by him include
the Luzerne County Court-House at Wilkesbarre, Pa.,
costing $1,200,000; Washington County Court-House,
$850,000; Allegheny County Jail, $800,000, and Allegheny
County Morgue, $300,000, in Pittsburgh, and
Dauphin County Prison at Harrisburg, $200,000. 'The
Carnegie Library Building at Beaver Falls, the Westinghouse
library and office building at Wilmerding, and
Svria 'Temple in Pittsburgh were also designed by him.
His work in designing school buildings has included the
Franklin, North. Thad Stevens and Sacred Heart in
Pittsburgh, the High and Eleventh Ward schools on the
North Side, the C. AT Schwab Industrial and Fifth Ward
schools in Homestead, engineering buildings at State
College, and a dormitory building at Washington and
Jefferson College. 'The Bellefield Presbyterian and First
Methodist Protestant churches of Pittsburgh. St. Thomas'
Roman Catholic Church at Homestead, and St. Michael's
Roman Catholic Church at Loretto were planned by him.
Residence structures noted for their beauty were built
from his plans, including such homes as those of Thomas
Morrison, C. D. Armstrong. D. Herbert Hostetter, James
W. Piatt and others in Pittsburgh; of C. AI. Schwab at
Braddock and Loretto, and numerous others in western
Pennsylvania. He designed the Iroquois Apartment
Building in Pittsburgh, the Bradberry Apartments on
the North Side, and the Cape May Hotel, costing $1,000-
000. at Cape May, N. J. A number of fine factory
buildings in Pittsburgh were also designed by him.
Mr. Osterling was never married. He is well known
in club life and Masonic circles, being a member of the
Mystic Shrine and other subordinate lodges of that order.
WILLIAM GUNN PRICE—William Gunn Price,
engineer of the Electric Motor "Truck Department of the
Standard Steel Car Company of Pittsburgh, is well
km >wn as an engineer.
He was born in Knoxville, Pennsylvania, where his
lather. William Price, was a physician. His family mi
his father's side was of Welsh and English descent, and
mi his mother's, Irish and Scotch, He gained his early
education in the public schools, Hartwick Seminary, and,
later, in Columbia College. His engineering experience
began when he was eighteen years of age in the vicinity
of New York, and from T879 to 1896 he was Assistant
I nited States Engineer in charge, successively, of surveys
mi the Mississippi Liver, improving the harbor of

s T O R V O U l< 99
New Orleans, the rectification of the Led, Alississippi
and Atchafalaya Livers, and other important works.
William Gunn Price is the inventor of the electric
current meter and of the acoustic current meter for
measuring the flow of water. Loth these instruments
are extensively used by engineers in this and foreign
countries. At New Orleans he designed a new and suc­
minor positions, getting considerable valuable practical
experience in his line, ami about a year later entered the
employ of Wilkins & Davison, of this city. He demon­
strated his worth to this firm in the first few months he
was in its employ, and a short time later was placed in
charge of the construction work as chief field engineer
at the new water works system which his employers were
cessful system oi spur dykes for protecting the banks of building at Steubenville. ((hi".
the river along the wharves.
'The next important piece of work which his employ­
He is the originator and advocate of the plan for the ers placed him in charge of was laving out and platting
improvement of the lower Mississippi Liver by the the proposed town of Vandergrift, La., installing sewer­
method which utilizes the forces of the river to dig the age system, grading, curbing and paving the streets, etc.
foundation for permanent
So well did he do this work
channel controlling works,
that the Vandergrift Land
and which has been success­
& Improvement Co. engaged
ful as applied by him in
him as chief engineer, plac­
New Orleans Harbor and in
ing him in charge of the en­
the Atchafalaya Liver and
tire plan. I le was also re­
elsewhere. 'This method of
tained as engineer by the
construction is such that the
Apollo Irmi & Steel Co.,
force of the river can only
which concern was building
sink the structure deeper in
a large plant at Apollo, Pa.
the sand while more mate­
In April. 1903, Air. Ross
rial is being added on the
decided to engage in a gen­
top.
eral engineering business
All of Air. Price's in­
for himself, and accordingly
ventions and improvements
opened offices in the Tann­
in engineering construction
ers' Lank Building, where
have been boldly original.
he is located at the present
He is a member of Un-
time. He makes a specialty
American Society of Civil
of examinations, tests and
Engineers.
reports mi natural gas plants.
etc.. and makes surveys,
F. (i. ROSS—Although
estimates and plans for the
engaged in the engineering
construction of railroads.
busi iness in Pittsburgh for
water works, sewers, town
only about five years, F. (i.
sites, foundations for build­
Ross has been identified with
ings, bridges, etc.. as well as
various large and important
superintending the construc­
engineering projects and
ts hi 1 d" the same.
concerns in the vicinity of
His wide experience in
this citv for many years.
He has had charge of much
WILLIAM GUNN PRICE
these lines has especially
adapted him to this class
construction work in the Pittsburgh District for various of work, and he has been in charge of some of the
large industrial and manufacturing concerns, and has largest projects of this nature that have been at­
proven that he is an engineer of marked ability.
tempted in the vicinity of Pittsburgh in the past
He is a native of Pennsylvania, haying been born in decade, (die of the most important of these was the
Green County, where he spent his boyhood days attend­ immense improvements made by the Schenley Farms
ing school at Waynesburg. While a boy in his teens, he- Company mi Fifth Avenue, Oakland, Pittsburgh. Here
was greatly interested in all kinds of construction work. the hill was cut away, streets laid out, an immense stone
and fond of mathematics. 'This prompted him to decide retaining wall built, sewers, curbing and sidewalks laid,
to adopt engineering as a profession, and he entered the transforming what had heretofore been a barren waste
University of West Virginia in [887, graduating from into one of the finest residence districts in the citv. Over
that institution, which is located at Morgantown, W. Va., $500,000 was expended in these improvements. Air.
in [891, when he received his degree of Civil Engineer. Loss within the past year has also constructed a gas
After leaving college. Air. Loss accepted several plant for the pumping station at Sistersville, A\". Va.

loo T () R Y o F S LT R G LI
ADOLPH JACOB SCHAAF — Adolph Jacob
Schaaf is the vice-president, stockholder and director
of the Highland Mary .Aiming & Milling Co., hid..
under laws of Colorado, capital, 8200.000; vice-president,
stockholder and director of the Cosmopolitan Engineer­
ing Company, of Pittsburgh, Inc., capital, $12,000, and
stockholder in the American Ice & Storage Co., of Louisville.
Kentucky. 'The name of Adolph Jacob Schaaf is
well known for many notable achievements in connection
with the fitting up of steamboats with machinery,
he being the chief engineer of the highly important .Monongahela
Liver Consolidated Coal & Coke Company.
1 '>! irn 181 > 1 of < ic'i'man
and 1 h illand parentage in
New Albana, Indiana, he
was educated there in the
public schools. At fourteen
he learned the trade of
machinist, and rose to be
c h i e f engineer on the
steamboat Rainbow, of the
Louisville and Lvansville
mail line. At various times
he took charge of the machine
shops of (diaries
Hegenald, building boilers
and machinery for boats.
He was sent on an interesting
trip to Alaska for the
Alaska Commercial Company
of San Francisco, for
which he had fitted out with
machinery thirty-five boats
while he was with the
I b iw ard ship yards.
Mr. Schaaf is a member
of the Engineers' Society
of Western Pennsylvania.
A L B ERT LOUIS
SCHULTZ—In according adolph j
honors to constructing engineers,
who, by their work, have contributed, directly
and indirectly, in n small degree, to the progress and
prosperity of Pittsburgh, suitable mention should be
made of the achievements and ability of Albert Louis
Scbultz.
Few engineers have held higher or more responsible
positions. Not many have been associated with undertakings
of greater importance. As a designer and
builder of bridges, Mr. Scbultz gained international recognition.
In other lines of engineering he has given the
world indisputable evidence of his proficiency, lie designed
the Smith Twenty-second Street bridge at Soho,
and the bridges in Schenley Park; he acted as consulting
engineer for J. D. Callery in the construction of the
Glenw 1 bridge; he built the New Kensington bridge
over the Allegheny, and the Highland Park cantilever
bridge: one of the organizers of the Schultz Bridge Com­
pany, he was President. General Manager and Chief En­
gineer of that corporation until the Schultz Bridge Com­
pany was absorbed by the American Bridge Company;
for two vears he was Operating Manager of the Pitts­
burgh division of the American Bridge Company; to the
credit obtained by his achievements in bridge construc­
tion must be added the prestige he attained as constructing
engineer for the Oliver Iron Works in building the
cable road for the Pitts­
burgh Traction Company,
and as consulting engineer
for the AA^est End "Traction
Company and the West
Side Belt Railroad; he is
further distinguished as the
designer and builder of the
Mount Washington Freight
Incline and the Mount
Oliver Incline Railway;
Air. Schultz also designed
the structural work of the
Howard Plate Glass Company,
and the impress of
his personality is stamped
upon other large industrial
plants.
Albert Louis Schultz
was born in New Orleans,
Louisiana, on August II,
1851, and inherited from
the best sort of German
ancestors the ability and
other qualities that have enabled
him to rise to his present
eminence. His father,
JB SCHAAF
Charles J. Schultz. a native
of Liibeck, graduated as an
architect and engineer from
the University of Copenhagen,
and afterward 011 coming to the United States,
became a well known bridge buildei
Air. Schultz completed the collegiate part of his
technical education when he graduated from the "Imperial
Polytechnic" at Berlin, Germany, in 1874. Having
availed himself of every advantage of this most
practical and thorough course of engineering, he returned
to Pittsburgh and secured employment as a designer and
estimator in the office of the Iron City Bridge Company.
From thence forward he rose rapidly; eventually he
arrived where he stands to-day, in a position of eminence
that commands the respect of all his associates in a city
noted for its technical skill.

LI E S () A' ( ) I T T B U K (, 101
A member of the American Society of Civil Engineers,
the Engineers' Club of New- York, and the Verein
Hiitte of Berlin, and belonging also to the Duquesne
Club of Pittsburgh and the Ellicott Club of Buffalo, Air.
Schultz occupies a well recognized position of social as
well as professional prominence.
SIAION II. STUPAKOFF—A consulting engineer
in a class all by himself. Simon II. Stupakoff, a worldknown
expert industrial!}- mi high-temperature measuring
and pyrometry, also possesses an additional distinction
in being the only Stupakoff in the LTnited States.
Air. Stupakoff is so immersed in his profession that he
never lets it get far out of his sight, and therefore combines
an office, one of the most complete laboratories
anywhere, and his home at
545 'Turret Street, East End.
Equipped with a good
fi mndation of technical
knowledge, perfected by
thorough practical training,
Mr. Stupakoff's services are
sought all over the country.
He has practically no competition
in his line and is in
tmich with the largest industrial
establishments in the
country. Greatly through
his work the application of
pyrometers among industries
using high temperature has
largely done away with the
expert operators necessary in
the old days.
What has been accomplished
through Air. Stupakoff's
efforts is best illustrated
by the fact that heretofore
the special knowledge
necessary for using a great
number of industrial products, which had to be subjected
to high temperature in the making, put work in these
lines entirely at the mercy of a few specially trained men.
Air. Stupakoff was for 15 years superintendent of
the Union Switch & Signal Co., Swissvale, La., and one
of the originators of and superintendent oi the Pennsylvania
Malleable Company. Lie is mie of the better
known men in the industrial life of Pittsburgh, and is
a memher
societies.
in uinum erable engineering and scientific
E.AIIL C. P. SWENSSON—Swensson, L.mil C. P..
engineer, was born at Alborg, Denmark, December 12,
1858. son of Jean and Marie Katherine (Svendson)
Swensson. He was educated at the gymnasium of
Halmstad, Sweden, and the Chalmers Polytechnic In-
stitute. Gothenburg, Sweden, where he graduated in
[879. In May, [881, he emigrated to the United States.
His first employment was mi the old tunnel under the
Hudson Liver between New York City and Jersey ( ity.
working as a common laborer. After several positions
as draughtsman, both architectural and engineering, he
entered the services of the Phoenix Bridge Company, of
Phoenixv ille. Pa., and very soon began to manifest a
peculiar talent for the branch of the profession known as
bridges and structural engineering. In [887 he accepted
an appointment with the Keystone Bridge Company of
Pittsburgh, which 111 [ S92 became a department of the
ALBERT Ions SCHULTZ
Carnegie Steel Company, and he steadily advanced, until
in [895 he was made superintendent, and in [896 chief
engineer. When in June. 1900, the American Bridge
Company bought the Keystone
Bridge Works, he became
manager of the Keystone
plant, but after sixmonths
he resigned to open
up his own office as consulting
and constructing engineer.
During his connection
here important developments
in the application of
structural steel to steel mill
structure were introduced,
and he came into intimate
professional and business
contact with new engineering
enterprises of the
day. The Keystone Bridge
Works furnished all or part
of the structural steel work
for many of the high-frame
office buildings, commonly
called sky-scrapers; two of
the Chicago Elevated Railroads;
parts of the Boston
Subway; parts of the Loston
Elevated Railroad: part of the New York Elevated Railroads;
the New A'ork Rapid 'Transit Railroad Bridge
over the Chicago drainage canal; large bridges over the
()hio. Monongahela and Allegheny Livers, and special
bridge work on the Pittsburgh. Bessemer ami Lake Erie
and Union Railroads, built to carry trains composed of
50-ton capacity steel hopper cars, and the heaviest locomotives
in the world. 'The steel hopper railroad car
above mentioned was designed in 1895 under Air. Swensson's
personal supervision, and the first two cars were
built in 1896, also under his personal supervision, he
having in the meantime been made superintendent of
these wi irks.
He has since been commissioned mi some special
work for the Carnegie Steel Company, and became a
junior partnership in this world-famed industrial con-

io: ( ) R Y () I' S U R G H
cern; consulting engineer of the Pittsburgh Railways
Company; designing and supervising engineer for some
of the bridges being built by the State of Pennsylvania;
consulting bridge engineer of the United States Govern­
ment m widening and deepening the channels under the
bridges over the Allegheny and Ohio Livers near Pitts­
burgh, and has been consulting expert for various other
engineering structures and enterprises. He is a member
of the Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania, and
was president in 189(1; the American Society of Civil
Engineers in 1893. and the American Associates for the
Advancement of Science. lie was married at Alt.
Pleasant, Westmoreland County. Pa.. December 2^,.
1885, to Catherine Elizabeth, daughter of J. B. Jordan.
Esq., a member of an old and prominent Presbyterian
family of western Pennsylvania,
and has four children,
( >tto J., Christian J.. Stuart
].. and I lenri J. Swensson.
EDWARD J. TAYLOR
—Of engineers whose specialty
is the acceleration and
supervision of coal production
no one ranks higher in
his profession than Edward
J. Taylor, the Chief Engineer
of the Pittsburgh Coal
Company.
Ever since he graduated
with honors from the University
of Western Pennsylvania
in 1876, Air. Taylor's
career as a civil engineer has
been a progressive demonstration
of great ability. I lis
professional practice commenced
in AI c K e e s p 0 r t.
Soon after he opened his
office there he received the
E. J. TAYLOR
appointment of City Engineer.
In 1877, McKeesport, contrasted with what it is today,
was comparatively an unimportant town. A glance
backward shows how greatly the citv has grown. As City
Engineer, for vears, during the period of McKeesport's
largest growth. Air. Taylor superintended the construction
and installation of various important municipal improvements,
included in which were the water works and
the sewerage system.
The opportunities which private practice offered in
the wav of professional advancement caused him to relinquish
the office ol litv Engineer in 1890. What.
afterwards, he was able to accomplish, proved the advisability
of the course he pursued, hi the next nine years
his efforts were attended with constantly increasing success.
Lm- railroad and highway purposes he designed
and superintended the construction of a number of
bridges across the Youghiogheny and Monongahela
Livers, among which were the Youghiogheny bridge at
McKeesport, the Pittsburgh and Homestead bridge at
Homestead, the Washington Run bridge, and the bridge
over the "Yough" at Confluence.
All the while, however, he was making an exhaustive
studv of the engineering problems that apply to coal
production. 'To such an extent did his evident talent in
this direction obtain recognition that in 1899, when the
Pittsburgh Coal Company was organized, the position
of Chief Engineer was offered unhesitatingly to Edward
J. Taylor. His previous work in the Pittsburgh and in
the Connellsville districts indicated his capacity, and his
continuation as Chief Engineer of one of America's
greatest coal-producing cor­
porations is the affirmation
of former estimates of his
ability.
'The Chief Engineer of
the Pittsburgh Coal Com­
pany is e 11 t r u s t e d with
t remendous responsibilities.
With its large acreage, its
numerous mines, its annual
production of upwards of
1 5,000.000 tons of coal,
manv of the important de­
tails of the carrying on of
this vast business come within
the province of the Chief
Engineer. He has charge,
not milv of the work of surveying
and developing of
new coal lands, the location
and designing of coal mining
and coke plants, but also
of all other work connected
with the development and
enlargement of facilities and
properties. In every instance
Air. 'Tavlor has shown capacity of the very highest order.
SAMUEL ALFRED TAYLOR—Samuel Alfred
Tavlor has a reputation as a civil and mining engineer
that is enviable and that places him among the first in his
profession. Since beginning the general practice of his
profession he has designed and built many water works
systems, and has done work- in mines and coking proper­
ties that has materially aided in their development.
After graduating from the Western University as
civil engineer in 1887. he had charge of the draughting
and structural department of the Homestead Steel
Works until 1888, at which time he entered the employ
of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company in its construction
department under Air. John AT Lvers. He remained

T LI E ( ) R A' ( ) L L (i 105
in this employment until the latter part of 1895. when
he began business for himself as civil and mining engineer
in general practice, securing and maintaining a
position in the engineering world second to none.
He is an earnest church worker, being an officer in
the First United Presbyterian Church of Wilkinsburgh.
He is also a member of several social and business clubs
of the city.
He is a descendant of Revolutionary stock, his greatgrandfather,
Jacob 'Tavlor, having been a soldier in that
war. His father's family is of English and Welsh origin,
while his mother's parents, Hugh and Agnes Maxwell,
came from h-eland. 'Thus by heredity as well as by education
and achievement he is entitled to the honorable
and successful career upon
which he has entered.
ROBERT MAURICE
TRIMBLE —Robert Maurice
'Trimble has a record as
an architect that makes him
one of the leading designers
of buildings in the city. He
began the independent practice
of architecture in October,
189,8, and though being
in business less than nine
years, has enjoyed a flattering
and lucrative patronage
that older firms in the business
have not been able to
maintain. He has had a
varied practice, haying built
residences, banks, apartment
houses, factories, citv fire
engine houses, business
blocks, churches, etc. Ann mg
others he has erected the
Pittsburgh Free Dispensary ;
the St. 'Thomas Memorial
Church of Oakmont, the
Wilmerding National Bank
Building, the Ohio Valley Lank Building, and the Lank
of Secured Savings of Allegheny. His offices are in the
Ferguson Block.
He was born May 15. 1871, in Allegheny City, was
educated in the Allegheny public schools, graduating
from the high school in 1887. and attended the Western
University in 1888. He was associated with his father
in the general contracting business until 1802, when he
began the study of architecture with F. J. ((sterling, a
Pittsburgh architect, working with him as draughtsman
until 1898. when he went into business for himself.
Air. 'Trimble was married to Sarah Latimer I Iamill
SAMUEL A. TAYLOR
October 20. [896, in Allegheny. 'They have three interesting
children, Robert Maurice, Alary II., and Wil-
Ham II. Air. 'Trimble has his family residence mi Brighton
Road, Ben Avon.
He is of Scotch-Irish descent, his father's ancestors
having come from Ireland and settled in Butler County,
Pa., in 1790. and his mother's grandparents having come
from Scotland and Ireland and located in America before
the Revolution. Her grandfather was one of the
Levi ilutii marv veterans.
'TUT'. W. (,. WILKINS COMPANY—The W. G.
Wilkins Company, engineers and architects, is the successor
of the old linn of Wilkins & Davidson, and is
composed of Wm. Glyde Wilkins, C.E., Joseph E. Kuntz,
architect, and Wilber AT Judd, civil and mining engineer.
The ci impany and its predecessor
have been engaged
in business for nineteen
years, the last sixteen of
which they have been located
in the Westinghouse Building.
Air. Wilkins is a graduate
of the Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute of Troy.
N. A'., class of '79. and is a
member and past president
of the Engineers' Society of
Western Pennsylvania. He
is also a member of the following:
American Society
of Civil Engineers, American
Institute of Alining Engineers,
Institute of Alining
Engineers of England, Ohio
Institute of Alining Engineers,
and Central Alining
Institute of Western Pennsylvania.
Previous to engaging in
private practice, Air. Wilkins
was f 1 ir 1 me year engaged
mi the United States government
survey of the Ahssissippi
Liver. He was also connected with the engineering
department of both the Pittsburgh, Tort Wayne & Chicago
Railway, and the Pennsylvania Railroad, having
been for seven years assistant engineer of construction
of the latter, and for two years was citv engineer of Allegheny,
when he served that municipality with a high degree
of satisfaction to all concerned.
Air. Kuntz has been the architectural member of the
company and its predecessor since 1880. He is a member
of the Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania,
and Pittsburgh Chapter of American Institute of Architects.
Air. Judd is a graduate of Union College, Schenectady,
N. A'., in the class of 84, and previous to his

ic>4 T II E s ( ) R A' () S B ' U R G -H
i member of the W. G. Wilkins Company wa portant plants for which they have been the engineers
in sanitary and municipal engi- are three plants for the Ohvei & Snyder Steel Co., two
neering, and was connected with the Illinois Steel Complants for the lecla Coke Company, two plants for the
pany as civil engineer, mining engineer for the Eureka Cascade Coal & Coke Co. at Tyler and Sykesville, Pa.,
Fuel Company, and civil engineer for the American Steel and are now constructing three plants aggregating 1,000
& Wire Co. He is a member of the American Society ovens for the IT C. Frick Coke Company, which includes
of Civil Engineers and the Engineers' Society of West­ the largest and nmst up-to-date central electric power
ern Pennsylvania.
plant ever built for a coal mining operation, the steam
Messrs. Kuntz and Judd are also experts, and an for which is generated by the waste heat from the coke
i ivens.
'The b.1 owing water works have also been built from
important part of their work has been the engineering
connected with the opening up and construction of bituminous
collieries and coke works, having been the engineers
for over forty coal and coke plants, the latter
aggregating over =1,000 ovens. Amongst the more im­
their plans and under their supervision: Steubenville,
O.; Latrobe, La.: Grafton, W. Va.; Vandergrift, Pa.;
the Southwest Water Company, Connellsville, Pa.

P R O G R E S S I V E M E N O F P I T T S B U R G H
Types of Men in Different Walks of Life Who Have
Largely Helped to Raise Pittsburgh to Its Present Proud
Position—Ability and Courage to Meet Every Occasion
I N the triumphs of Pittsburgh there is honor enough
for all. To the multitude, rather than to any
individual, is due the city's stupendous industrial
progress. Looking back to the commencement of
Pittsburgh's history, even the casual observer may see
that in wealth and prestige the city has grown beyond
the old-time dreams of the most optimistic. In a region
mice accredited with scant possibilities have been established
the world's greatest workshops. In less than a
century a district, aforetime difficult of access, has
become the home of manufacturing enterprises that contribute
to the welfare of the entire earth. That part ol
Pennsylvania, formerly declared to be unproductive, has
added immeasurably to the enrichment of mankind. It
is indeed desirable, for what has been done, that each
and every one should receive the credit to which he is
entitled, but in all candor it must be said that these
achievements, so extensive and magnificent, were the
result of either intelligent or unwitting co-operation. "To
no one man nor to any group of men may be ascribed
justly the glory of Pittsburgh's advancement.
Undoubtedly some did more than others. In various
industries, in sundry divisions of business, in the different
professions, have risen men who stood, like Saul, head
and shoulders above their fellows. But, as the world
usually judges, the most successful of all were those who
secured advantageously, at the psychological moment, the
assistance of the masses.
Leaders there are and have been, men distinguished
by their foresight and energy: men who battled bravely
against adverse circumstances; men who in the darkest
hour never lost heart; men who when discomfited would
not admit defeat; men of great ideas: men of unalterable
determination; men who persisted: men who, in spite
105
of thickly besetting difficulties, brought about, amply, the
realization of their ambition; progressive men, men who
to a great degree possessed creative power; men endowed
with the genius of organization; men who profited by
the mistakes oi others as well as their own: men able to
devise new methods; men capable of making marked
improvements; men not afraid to enter fresh fields; men
who were willing to risk, if need be. all that thev had;
men who did not shrink from encountering business or
other opposition; men who believed in their own ability;
men of quick perception: men noted for their alacrity
in making use of fortuitous events; men who staked with
confidence their all on the future of Pittsburgh; of types
like these were the men that raised the city from obscurity
to its present proud position.
Not all were saints, nor are those now most looked
up to omniscient. Some, beyond question, were actuated
by the highest motives; others, frankly speaking, in practice
at least, were shrewd disciples of the Florentine
philosopher. It took all sorts and conditions of men to
achieve the results that redound so greatly to the credit
of the Pittsburgh district to-day. Civilization may be
likened unto the growth of a coral reef. Each man that
lives contributes something towards the world's progress.
Each generation builds upon the achievements of the past.
(die set of workers mav pass away, but unceasingly the
work continues, hi his efforts to upbuild his own fortune,
everv man, consciously or otherwise, adds more or
less to the material wealth of the community. Here is
no idle population. The expansion of Pittsburgh was
brought about largely because, located within its boundaries,
were so many active producers. 'Those who toiled
with their brains brought into action the most effective
labor-saving machinery. Steam and electricity, subordi-

lOt) () R Y () I T T S B LI R G H
nated to the will of man, accomplished with ease what
hitherto had been impossible. Under modern conditions,
even the most stolid of those who labor with their hands
must make some progress. In all the great industries
are incentives to employees to step upward. Each height
attained inspires additional endeavor. From lowly positions
have risen some of our most eminent men. ( hit of
the mines, mills and workshops came many of Pittsburgh's
successful citizens. Forced to struggle for themselves,
thev made their wav from poverty to affluence;
from ordinal-}- employment eventually thev were pro­
moted to positions of the greatest trust and responsibility.
To the intelligent and willing, the opportunity to advance
is all that is required to incite progress. He gets ahead
who takes fair advantage of every opportunity that is
offered. In the prist, in Pittsburgh, there has been no
dearth of opportunities.
Environment exerts no inconsiderable influence. Average
ability, constantly stimulated by coming in contact
with incentives to strive and succeed, is made formidable.
Ambition, developed by prospects of success, is apt to be,
sooner or later, realized. Men roused into a determination
to win, are alert, resourceful and progressive. Oft,
in contesting for a prize, are brought out powers previously
unsuspected. At least, proportionate to the reward
is the desire to obtain it. If, in Pittsburgh, the race for
wealth has been swifter than elsewhere, the reason was
that the riches were there and obtainable. "This is proved
by the success of thousands. 'To the golden guerdon
DUQUESNE CLUB
mav not be a holy inspiration, but it governs appreciably
the actions of men.
A pessimist, who from a distance observed the exciting-
scramble for fortunes, might exclaim that these men were
"money mad," but in most cases such a conclusion would
be very far from the truth. Few there be that ignore,
entirely, financial considerations, but, on the other hand,
many who have great possessions habitually use what
thev have gained in a manner creditable to themselves
and beneficial to the community.
Not mil}' in the places where the most money is made,
but in every avenue of usefulness in the Pittsburgh dis­
trict, are progressive men encountered. In no part of the
LTnited States is the American idea more convincingly
demonstrated. Of the men who have obtained promi-
nence, nearly all rose in the world unaided. For the
most part they did not come from influential families,
nor did they graduate, many of them, from great universities.
'Theirs was the school of stern experience. Instead
of receiving a college training they were inured
early to hard work. As self-made men, their records
show struggles and triumphs seldom equalled. In facing
and overcoming difficulties they brought out the best that
was m them. Against odds they accomplished wdiat they
sought to do. Steadily they progressed. 'Time and conditions
that then existed did the rest.
ORVILLE HENRY ALLERTON, Jr. — Orville
Allerton, Jr., whose business acumen has contrib-
was added the delight of victory. 'The lust for conquest uted not a little to the fa,
ne and standing of Pittsburgh

S T O R Y O F ' I T T S B L" R (i 10;
JOSEPH i.. ARMSTRONG
and its representative men, is a direct descendant of
Isaac Allerton, one of the passengers in the historic
"Mayflower." This ancestor of his was acting governor
of the Plymouth colony under Governor Bradford. He
married Tear Brewster, also of Pilgrim history.
Orville Henry Allerton, Jr., was born ( let. 5, [851, in
Newark-. N.. A'. He received an academic and business
education in New York, attending at various periods
the Newark Academy, the Poughkeepsie Military Academy,
and the Lhiiira Business College.
Young Allerton was first engaged in a clerical position.
His predilection for business made itself discernible,
and he rose rapidly from shipper of live stock to
New York, until from [885 to [899 he held his father's
former position as superintendent of the East Liberty
Stock Yards. His business career is not confined to a
few connections—he is interested widely and notedly in
many large concerns of the citv and country. He built
and is owner of the Thurston Preparatory School in
Shady Avenue. Pittsburgh, and for vears has been interested
in a number of the Westinghouse companies.
both American and foreign.
He is president of the Pittsburgh Board of 'Trade.
president of the Schenley Alatinee Club, and was the first
president of the Keystone Bicycle Club. He is married
and has two children, girls, who are both graduates of
Vassar College.
[OSEPH GRAY ARMSTRONG—One of the best
known vmuig men occupying a responsible public position
in Pittsburgh is Air. Joseph Gray Armstrong.
cormier of Allegheny County.
Air. Armstrong was born in Allegheny City. La..
Feb. 2, [868, his parents being William and Elizabeth
Armstrong, the former a well known bookkeeper. He
was educated in the public schools and early became a
cash boy in Joseph Home's store. He then entered the
1). If. Chambers Class Company's factory and learned
the trade of window glass blowing, later becoming man­
ager of the Van Cleve (ilass Company at Wilcox. Pa.
In [898 Air. Armstrong was elected to Pittsburgh
Common Council from the 29th ward and served three
terms. He was then elected to the Select Branch, and
after serving one year resigned to become coroner of
the county, which position Ik- now lills acceptably. He
was married to Aliss Carrie B. Smith, of Pittsburgh,
and their children are Edna, Birdie, Trances Elizabeth,
Joseph < 1.. [r., and William ( \. Armstrong. He belongs
to many leading social and beneficial organizations.
HON. ANDREW JACKSON BARCHFELD—
Andrew Jackson Larchfeld. doctor as well as congressman,
is one of Pittsburgh's citizens whom she delights
to honor, and who is worthy of all honor and praise.
'Though a young man (he was born in Pittsburgh May
[8, [863 ), his experience, attainments and successes have
given him the prominence usually achieved only through
a long laborious career. In the affairs of the citv. county,
state and nation he is always an interested participant.
He has been engaged in the practice of medicine for
twenty-three vears—always with great success. He was
II. ALLERTON, JR

ioS T o K V ( ) S U R G r
a member of the staff of the South Side Hospital before
going to Congress. He is now president of the board ol
directors of that institution, a member of the Allegheny
County Medical Society, the Pennsylvania State Aledical
Society, the National Aledical Association, and a director
in the Columbia Hospital of Washington, I). C.
As a member of Congress he has been noticeably
active and prominent. He was a delegate from that body
to the International Interparliamentary Union, which
met at Brussels, Belgium, in September, 1005. While
on this mission he met the Ling of Belgium and the
Emperor of Germany in audience.
He is a member of the leading social and political
clubs of Pittsburgh, and of the Republican Club of New
York, and the Pennsylvania
Club of Washington. I). C.
He is a member of the "(did
L e 1 1 o vv s" and of the
"Knights of Pythias."
F R A N C I S LOUIS
BLAIR—F r a n c i s Louis
Blair, mercantile appraiser
of Allegheny County, was
born in Bayardstown (now
the ninth ward of Pittsburgh
) mi Aug. 1 J, 1839.
Frederick Blair, his father,
came to this country in 1832
and landed in Baltimore,
Aid.
Frank L. Blair had but
three vears schooling in the
Fourth Ward Public School.
His mother was left a widow
when Frank was but eleven
years old, and he at mice
left school to help her, in
his small way, support the
three small children of the
home, lie did this for several
years, and in i860 began
an apprenticeship with R. W. White & Bro. to learn
the trade of machinist, and was so employed at the outbreak
of the Civil War.
He prevailed upon his mother to allow him to enlist.
He served through the Peninsular campaign and in the
battles of Fredericksburgh, Antietam and Gettysburg.
He also served with distinction in the battle of the
Wilderness and was taken prisoner, being held for eight
months in Andersonville.
After the war he engaged in various pursuits, for
twenty-three years remaining with the Armstrong Cork
Company as superintendent. lie is now manager and
treasurer of the Art Engraving & Printing Co., holding
seventy-five per cent, of the stock.
He is a member of the First Presbyterian Church of
Pittsburgh. He is a member of Post 88, G. A. R., 0f
Allegheny, and of Encampment 1, Umion Veteran Legion
of Pittsburgh.
FRANKLIN P. l'.ooTII
FRANKLIN P. BOOTH—Franklin P. Booth, Allegheny
County's controller, was born June 15, 1868, in
Pittsburgh. His ancestors came from England early in
the last century. His father, George Booth, is the director
of public charities in the city of Pittsburgh.
His life has been spent in his native city. After at­
tending the Franklin sub-district school he entered the
Pittsburgh Central Fligh School. His elementary education
completed, he began his business career as a book­
keeper. This position he
held for five years, when he
became manager of a large
manufacturing corporation.
In this capacity he was
highly successful, demonstrating
his effectiveness in
authority and an insight into
affairs which have led to his
success both as a business
man and as a county officer.
He next engaged in the
wholesale
owning a
ment and
mtter business,
large establishconducting
its
affairs personally for ten
years, not only on a paying
basis, but with true business
ethics warranting the large
patronage it enjoyed.
He retired from business
upon his election as controller
of Allegheny County.
and in this position he has
verified his constituents'
faith in his ability and honor
in the discharge of the duties
of that high office. He has
also held office as a director of the affairs of the Sterrett
school, tor two terms. He is connected with a number
of large business concerns, holding the position of di­
rector in the Pittsburgh & AA'est Virginia Coal Co., and
m the Lauman Copper Company.
COL. IIENRA' P. BOPE—Pittsburgh is said to have
an unusually large number of young and middle-aged
men who have attained prominence and even wealth ami
distinction in their various trades and professions or in
purely commercial and financial circles. This fact was
emphasized a few years ago by no less an authority than
Andrew Carnegie himself when he spoke in such a complimentary
manner of the business ability of his "voung

T II S f) A" O P T T r (; 11 IOC)
partners," to whom he cheerfully accorded a large share
of his own marvelous success. "Some men were born
great," it is said by an eminent authority, "some achieve
greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them."
It is claimed for Pittsburgh's successful young men that
in a majority of instances thev achieved greatness or
carved out success for themselves instead ol being born
with the proverbial silver spoon in their mouths. It
would seem that thev have the faculty of arising to the
opportunity when it presents itself.
The subject of this sketch, Henry P. Lope, better
known as Colonel Bope both at home and abroad, is one
of the conspicuously successful young or middle-aged
men of whom Oreater Pittsburgh is so justly proud. I le
is not unduly proud of his
achievement himself, but his
friends are justly so and arc
not backward about pointing
with pride to his splendid
record.
Col. Bope was born at
Lancaster. Ohio, September
19, 1858, and has consequently
not vet invited his
friends to unite in celebrating
the semi-centennial of
that highly important personal
event. His parents
were Philip and Eliza A.
Bope, the former a prosperous
merchant of the earlier
day. 1 le is of that sturdy,
In mest ('icrman a n c e s t r v
which has contributed so
largely to the upbuilding of
character among those content
with the unpretentious
but comfortable simple life
in many of the States of the
American (A immi inwealth.
Col. Bope received the
preliminary education such
as the Ohio public school system afforded, supplemented,
as he very significantly says, by "study kept up ever
since." In this respect he but followed the example of
the Benjamin Franklins, the Horace Greeleys and the
Abraham Lincolns of the country who stamped their impress
upon history more by their own self-help and selfculture
than by college education. He read good books
and soon mastered the problem of bow and what to read
in a course of self-instruction. He considers a tew g 1
books as a valuable asset and among the best friends any
11. p. BOPE
ambitious young man can have.
At the age of 17 vears young Bope came to the front
in his first occupation in life as a stenographer, and reported
the sessions of the < >hi legislature in 1878-9. I le
then became a general stenographer in various capacities
until the ball of [879, when he came to Pittsburgh as
a short-hand secretary for Carnegie Brothers & Co.
He remained with this concern and with Carnegie,
Phipps & Co. as correspondent in the sales department
for some time, and in the same capacity with the ( arnegie
Steel Company until made assistant general sales
agent in [898, then general manager of sales and Inst
vice-president in [901 on the formation of the United
States Steel Corporation. He is now, in addition to
being first vice-president and director in the Carnegie
Steel Company, president of the Park Lank in the East
End, and president and director of the Mexican National
Sugar Company, in which he takes active part.
Although a very busy
man. Col. Bope has for some
vears taken a lively interest
in a movement for the betterment
of conditions among
the vmith of the citv and
count r v km >vv n as the
United Boys' Brigades of
America. He is almost as
well known as a promoter of
this movement as in business
circles, having served as
Colonel of the 'Third Pennsylvania
Regiment, and since
[902 has been commanderin-chief
of the organization.
It is. indeed, difficult to estimate
the value of Col. Bope's
services to the youth in this
widespread movement whose
success lias been largely due
to the wise management of
himself and his co-workers.
'The movement, as is well
known, is closely allied with
the church organizations.
but has some features which
appeal even more strongly
to its membership than does either the church or the
Sunday School.
Colonel Bope and Katherine Spencer were married
at Columbus, O, April 15, 1 SSo. 'Their children are
Harold S. and Laura E. Lope. Among the social, political
and business organizations of which Col. Lope is
a prominent member are the Duquesne, Union, Country
and Americus clubs of Pittsburgh, and the Lawyers'.
the "Transportation and Republican clubs of New York
City.
JOHN BRADLEY—With that strength of character
ami robustness of nature contributed by Scotch-Irish
ancestry, John Bradley has risen from the humble walks

I IO ( ) R A' O F S U R G I
of life to mie of eminent prominence and distinction.
Born in Lanonkshire, Scotland, on July u. 1841. he early
came to this country, seeking the mining districts of
Pennsylvania in which to begin his eventful career.
His first occupation began in the great mines of the
Keystone State, where he delved in the coal, gradually
working his way up to driver and coal-boat manager.
From these humble beginnings, and through his ability
to make and retain friends, he obtained a clerkship in
the Prothonotary's office. During his clerkship he became
interested in politics and was elected to the Select
Council from the _>f>th Ward. Was Lire Commissioner,
served three terms as Prothonotary, and filled the
responsible place of oil inspector. During the Civil
War he entered Company (* of the 123d Regiment, Pennsylvania
Volunteers, and served with distinction in the
cause of his adopted country,
being wounded at Fred­
ericksburg December 13.
1862. Six years later. December
5. t8f>8, he married
Anna Brown Mollie, of
West Elizabeth. The fruits
of the marriage were Charles
D. Bradley, William S.
Bradley and Jennie I). Brad­
ley. He is identified with
Masonic societies and ( )dd
Fellows, and is a member of
the G. A. L. Club, the Lotus
Club and the 'Tariff Club,
besides being an active spirit
in the Liedertafel and Wittelsbacher
societies. His
father, 'Thomas, was from
Ireland, and his mot he r,
Alary, from Scotland.
BENJ. F. BRUNDRED
—Benjamin F. Brundred
was born in Oldham, now Halden, N. |.. Line 28,
1849. His father was a large manufacturer, operating
the Brundred Iron .Mills at Oldham. His mother
was Rachel (Magee) Brundred, of Scotch-Irish descent,
born on the Isle of Wight, England. Her
father was educated at the University of Edinburgh,
Scotland, coming to Paterson in [826 and becoming an
eminent physician.
Benjamin F. Brundred, of Oil City, was educated
in Brooklyn, N. A"., at the Academy of Southold, N. Y.,
and graduated from Highland Military Academy at
Worcester, Mass., and Bryant and Stratton's Commercial
College, New York City. In [866 he came to Oil City,
Pa., and entered the service of the Empire 'Transportation
Company and the Green Line, becoming chief clerkin
1869. He resigned in 1877 to devote his entire time
BENJAMIN I. BRUNDRED
to the business of producing oil in Clarion and McKean
Counties.
In 1870 Air. Brundred, in company with Gen. John A.
Wiley, Marcus Hidings, and Wesley Chambers, of Oil
Citv, Pa., built the Union Refinery and successfully man­
aged it until [882, when it was purchased by the Stand­
ard Oil Company. Air. Brundred was retained as man­
ager, but in 18S4 the works were abandoned and he
became treasurer of the Eclipse Lubricating Oil Works
at Franklin, Pa., then president and general maiiager
of the Imperial Refining Company's works at Oil City
until 1894. Since then he has become one of the largest
individual producers in the country. lie is prominently
connected with the Oil Citv Street Railway, Oil City
Electric Company, president of the Model Oil Company,
Venango Club, Oil City Hospital, and other organiza­
LOUT E I.LUS A'T-
tions, in all of which his personality
impresses itself.
RIGUE BURNETT—Success
in anv line of business
depends upon the character
o f the man. When he has
the ability to know valuations
in the present and in
the future; when he sees op­
portunity and grasps it; if
he can make his employees
feel his interest in them,
thereby gaining their cooperation;
then the success
of any venture of his is assured.
'Thus it has been with
Air. Burnett. Upon graduating-
from Grove City College
in 1891, he was appointed
deputy sheriff of Mercer
Countv. He was then only
nineteen years old, but filled
his office in an exemplary manner. At the expiration of
his term he purchased the oldest insurance and real estate
business in Mercer County, located at Greenville.
Air. Burnett has been especially successful in real
estate investment, having plotted and sold all the building
lots in the Burnett addition to the Borough of
Greenville, mi which now stand some of the finest homes
m Greenville, and which investment and the improvement
of same was very profitable, and well proved Mr.
Burnett's foresightedness.
hi [903 he organized the First National Bank of
West Middlesex, and in 1906 the Springdale National
Bank of Springdale. Pa, The First National Bank of
Aspmwall was organized by him in 1007. he becomingits
president. He is also the president of the Springdale
National Bank.

11 E S T O R Y O F B U G i 11
Upon graduating from college he early developed
those strong traits of character and determination so conspicuous
in after-life, and rose step by step to the prominent
place he occupies to-day, not only in his chosen
works, but in the estimation of his friends and associates.
IRVIN KING CAAIPBELL—Irvin King Campbell
was born at Fallston, Pa., November 25, [843. His
father was a native of Scotland, but his mother was
born in Allegheny Count}-, La., in which the members
of the Campbell family have been well known residents
for practically all their lives. His first occupation 111
life was as a blacksmith and in the general work of the
forging business. He has
been engaged in the iron
and steel business in one
form or another for virtually
a lifetime, or since
the close of the great Civil
War, in which he served
with great credit mi the
Union side of course. I le
first enlisted in April, [861,
a few days after Fort Sumter
was fired upon, for
three months and re-enlisted
for three vears Septem­
ber 26, [861, in Co. I I.
N i 111 h Pennsylvania Re­
serves, and was discharged
in 1865.
Air. Campbell has served
in council as school director
and in other minor offices.
M o r e recently h e w a s
chosen a member of the
board of commissioners ol
Allegheny Count}-, in which
important place he is now
serving his constituents ably
and faithfully. lie takes
much interest in the erection
of the soldiers' million-dollar memorial as approved by
a vote of the people. As an old soldier himself he can
be relied mi to look after the interests of the veterans.
He is a member of Encampment No. 1. LT. A'. L., of Post
259, G. A. R., and of numerous other beneficial, social
and political organizations.
ANDREW CARNEGIE—It is almost an absurdity
to attempt to summarize the record of such a man as
Andrew Carnegie in the brief space to which it must
here be confined. Politics play an unimportant part in
it; adventure, in the customary sense of the term, there
is none: but certainly no story is more romantic than
the rise of the young "bobbin boy" to the possession of
a controlling interest in the greatest corporation ol its
kind in the world, from a humble cot in Pittsburgh to a
palace in New York and a castle in the beautiful Highlands
of Scotland. Air. Carnegie's work in the development
of the steel and other industries of this country.
his noble benefactions and aids to an increase ol the
love of good books, art, and music, and his writings upon
topics tending to stimulate the love of liberty—any and
all of these give him title to a leading position in the
present annals of the twentieth century.
He was born mi Nov ember 25, [837, at Dunfermline
in the picturesque Scottish border country ol Tile, lying
between historic and beautiful old Edinburgh and those
highlands whose charm was
not 1 lest roved even by the
bloo.lv field of Culloden.
I le was not. In iwev er. T mg
to enjoy what must have
been his childish pleasures
in such a locality, for he
early accompanied his pa­
rents to this country, they
following relatives who had
settled in Pittsburgh.
Neither the United States
nor Air. Carnegie can now
regret that this move was
made; nor can Scotland, for
out of the blessings that be
has received from the republic
he has given generously
to the land of his
birth.
Air. Carnegie's father,
William Carnegie, was a
master weaver, owning four
damask looms and employing
s e v e r a 1 apprentices.
Hence he was looked up­
V. BURNETT
on as fairly well-to-do. lint
with the coming of steam
factories for the manufacture
of linen there came an end to this prosperity.
The lesson of that misfortune. Air. Carnegie has
since said, made the boy resolve that he would some
day drive poverty from the family door. 'The father
did not at once yield. He for some time kept up the
struggle with his out-of-date damask looms, and finally
in [848, when Andrew was eleven, the looms were sold
and the parents and their two sons came to America.
During those early vears in Scotland he had become
an ardent republican, looking upon the landed nobility
and the 'Tory government as the enemies of the people.
At seven he hated hereditary privileges, and was proud
of the fact that there was a rebellious republican flag,
concealed in the attic. There was reason for such hatred

I I T 11 E T O K Y ( ) S B U R G H
in tlmse days—far more than now. But while Air. Car­
negie's views of royalty mav have grown more kindly
in recent vears, he is practically the same in his beliefs
that he was as a boy of ten or eleven.
His early education had been largely derived from
his mother, a typical Scotch woman of the old days, of
vigorous mind and strong character. From an uncle he
imbibed many of his opinions on politics and history.
Arrived in Allegheny Citv he found employment as a
bobbin boy in the factory where his father had first
found work. Here he received one dollar and twenty
cents a week. Slavery could not inflict greater drudgery.
He commenced his day's labor while it was still dark, and
he kept at it until after
darkness came at night.
But he was proud to be
of service, never complained,
and was always
hopeful, nay, confident
that the future would
bring great changes to
him and to those he
T ived. I le T 1 iked upi in
it as a point of honor
to be cheerful, for even
the mother added to the
family funds by binding
shi ies.
Later a Scotch friend
gave the boy a position
in his factory, a position
that at first s e e m e d
harder than the former
one. His duties were to
fire a boiler in the cellar.
The danger of making
a mistake and causing a
frightful explosion was
a great strain on the boy,
but this was ended when
he was taken shortly afterwards
into the office
to keep the accounts.
Subsequently he entered a telegraph office as a messenger
boy, studying the geography of the streets after
the labors of the day, thus fitting himself for his duties.
'Then he commenced the study of telegraphy, and practiced
constantly in the intervals of his duties. He quickly
mastered the system, obtained a position as an operator,
and became one of the two or three in the United States
who could take messages by ear. Attracted by the evident
talents of the young telegrapher, 'Thomas A, Scott,
afterwards favorably known to both hemispheres as the
eminently successful president of the Pennsylvania Railroad
Company, appointed him his private secretary, and
for thirteen years he remained with that company. When
ANDREW (ARM ON
Air. Scott became the road's vice-president, Mr. Carnegie
was made superintendent of the Pittsburgh Division.
His first experience in learning that money can make
money was gained through the friendship of Mr. Scott,
who one day asked him if he could raise five hundred
dollars. Young Carnegie said that he thought so, al­
though as a matter of fact he had not the remotest idea
how it was to be done. Ah\ Scott told him to buy ten
shares of Adams Express Company stock. The parents
decided that this offered start in life must be accepted,
ami the money was obtained by mortgaging their home.
The stock paid dividends of one per cent, per month,
and Air. Carnegie had made a very satisfactory com­
mencement as a capital­
ist, advancement began.
His first considerable
sum was realized from
the manufacture of the
earliest sleeping cars.
Air. AYoodruff, the in­
ventor, came to him with
his model while the two
were by chance together
on a train. Air. Carnegie
at once saw the possibilities
of the invention and
brought it to the atten­
tion of Mr. Scott, who
contracted for two trial
cars on the Pennsylvania
Road. Mr. Carnegie at
this time was residing in
Altoona, and in order to
join Air. Woodruff in
the enterprise was forced
to borrow the m o n e y
from the local banker.
giving him his first note
for $21 7.50. He still recalls
with pride that the
financier put his arm
over his shoulder and
said, "Oh, yes, Andy,
you are all right." A slight incident in itself, yet prophetic.
About this time, too, the Pennsylvania Company
was experimenting with an iron bridge, and Air. Carnegie,
realizing that wooden bridges must soon go, organized
a company in Pittsburgh to build those of the
new material. 'This was also done with the money which
his sterling character made it possible to obtain from
the bank. 'I he Keystone Bridge Works proved a great
success and built the first great structure over the Ohio
Liver.
Despite this constant advancement it was Mr. Carnegie's
intention during most of his young manhood to
prepare himself in his leisure hours for journalistic work.

T H E S T O R Y o F P I T T S B [J R G I 113
He wrote his first article at thirteen, and it was published
in the New York 'Tribune. He haunted the
libraries, read omnivorously, and even then saw possibilities
for the betterment of library systems and the
general dissemination of a knowledge of 1 ks. But his
ideal in the direction of a writer's life was never to be
obtained. 'The libraries of most of the English-speaking
countries and thousands of lovers of pictures and music
were to be made richer and happier by a change which heat
this time made.
He was now in a position to invest his own savings
without recourse to the bank. In the early sixties hewas
one of the fortunate men to strike oil in Pennsylvania.
'The value of those fields was but little known at
the time, but in company with others he bought for $40,-
000 the Storev Farm, whose value later rose to $5,000,-
000 and paid $1,000,000 in cash dividends in a single
year.
The bridge company was, however, the real beginning
of the great business career with which his name
has been so intimately associated. Air. ( 'arnegie saw that
steel was the coming metal. His reputation was sufficient
to command anv amount of capital and he prepared
to acquire everything necessary for the manufacture
of steel. Before long he owned all the best coal and
iron mines in the Pittsburgh district, all the iron mines
bordering mi Lake Superior, a licet of steamers and a
private railway to bring the ore to his shops, the Edgar
'Thomson Steel Works, the Homestead Iron Works, and
the Union Iron Works, the mills in Duquesne, Beaver
Falls and Pittsburgh.
He added factory to factory, merging many linns
into the all-powerful (arnegie Steel Company. In this
corporation, with a capital stock of $320,000,000. he had
a controlling interest. He was once paid $1,000,000 for
an option mi his holdings in the company, probably the
most gigantic sum ever paid for an option. What value
he placed upon these holdings at the time, and at what
figure he recently disposed of them, is not within the
province of. or essential to. this sketch.
No man has ever done more for his business associates
and employees. Many have become millionaires
side by side with himself. He has always expressed
pride that the partners sharing in his success were his
boyhood companions in the early, struggling days of
Pittsburgh. "'The first charge upon every dollar of my
capital is the payment," he said in [893, "of the highest
earnings paid for labor in anv part oi the world for similar
labor. Upon that record I stand."
For manv years Air. Carnegie has been almost prodigal
in his gifts for educational and other laudable purposes.
In particular has he made a name for himself as
the founder of libraries. A conservative estimate puts
the total gifts for this latter benefaction alone at S40.-
000,000. and nearly 1.400 cities and towns have been
beneficiaries. But it is Pittsburgh, the scene of so many
vears of his business life, that has benefited most ,,| his
generosity through the founding of the magnificent ( arnegie
Institute, and the great ('arnegie technical schools.
"These noble monuments to the benevolence of mie man
have already cost Air. (arnegie nearly 825.000,000. and
he is said to be prepared t" spend as much more on them.
I he main building of the institute is a magnificent edifice
of glistening marble rising from the green sward of
Schenley Park. It is the home of an institute unsurpassed
mi the face of the earth, both for grandeur of
conception and completeness of realization. It comprises
line great departments—a splendid library, a wonderful
museum of natural history, a world-famed art
gallery, and an imposing hall of music.
Scarcely less impressive is the Carnegie School of
Technology, embracing a School of Applied Science, a
School ot Applied Design, a School for Journeymen am!
Apprentices, and the Margaret Carnegie 'Technical School
fi >r W'i uneii.
Nor has Air. Carnegie forgotten the communities adjacent
to Pittsburgh, whose fortunes have for so long
been linked as it were with his own. 'To Allegheny he
has presented a splendid library and art gallery costing
$300,000. while he has also presented libraries to Homestead,
Braddock and Duquesne, each involving an outlay
of 8500,000.
Second in importance only to die founding of the
great ("arnegie Institute at Pittsburgh is the establishment
through endowment by Air. ('arnegie of the Carnegie
Institution of Washington for the advancement of
scientific research. 'This institution, for the founding of
which Air. Carnegie gave $10,000,000, is under government
control aild is managed mi the plan of a National
University. Already under its auspices some exceedingly
valuable additions to the world's sum of scientific
knowledge have been made.
In ( Ictober, i^oo. Air. (arnegie made a tour of Scotland,
during which he attended the opening of the
Lauder "Technical School at Dunfermline, bis birthplace.
"The school was founded through his generosity and
named after his uncle, to whom he credited much of his
earlv love for liberty. ( >n this trip he opened the Adam
Smith and Beveridge Memorial Halls at Kirkaldy, and
was given the freedom of that burgh: spoke at the laving
of the foundation stone of the library at Dumfries,
where he was also made a Burgess and Freeman; and
visited Portmahomack, where Airs, ('arnegie performed
the ceremony of dedicating the (arnegie Tree Library
and Reading Loom.
The broad humanitarian sympathies of Air. ('arnegie
are impressively illustrated by his active participation in
the great movement for international peace. When the
Czar, Nicholas IT of Russia, summoned the nations to
the first peace congress at The Hague, no mie was more
intensely interested in that auspicious event than Andrew-
Carnegie, ddiis interest took a substantial form when

i 14 T 11 E S () R Y ()
Mr. Carnegie announced the gift of a Palace of Peace
to be erected at 'The Hague as a permanent temple of
international justice. 'The corner-stone of this noble
structure was laid July 50, [907, by M. Nelidoff, presi­
dent of the Second Peace Conference.
'The lovers of music in New York City owe the beau­
tiful Carnegie Music Hall to his generosity. He is president
and a director of the Oratorio Society of this city,
and in every direction has been a liberal patron of music.
1 le has given about seventeen hundred organs to churches
in various parts of this country and in the United Kingdom—his
principle being to give half, the congregation
raising the other half.
His pen has contributed several volumes of genuine
value to American literature. 'Two of these. "Round
the World" and "An American Four-in-hand in Britain."
attracted much favorable comment, but far the most notable
and lasting of his works was "'Triumphant Democ­
racy," one of the strongest and most unique tributes to
the blessings of liberty and the republican form of government
that has ever come from the press of any country.
His oft-quoted dedication in this volume better than
anything- else explains the character of the man and the
passionate sincerity of his anti-monarchial beliefs.
"To the beloved Republic, under whose equal laws I
am made the peer of anv man, although denied political
equality by my native land, I dedicate this book with an
intensity of gratitude and admiration which the nativeborn
citizen can neither feel nor understand."
His speeches and essays have been collected and published
in two volumes under the titles of "The Gospel of
Wealth" and "Idie Empire of Business."
If the word "trust" still sounds unpleasantly in the
ears of some, let them read the following words from
Air. Carnegie's article upon the aggregation of capital,
originally published in the "Century": "It makes for
higher civilization, for the enrichment of human life, not
for one. but for all classes of men. It tends to bring to
the laborer's cottage the luxuries hitherto enjoyed only
by the rich, to remove from the most squalid homes
much of their squalor, and to foster the growth of human
happiness relatively more in the workingman's home
than in the millionaire's palace. It does not tend to make
the rich ] rer, but it does tend to make the poor richer
in the possession of better things, and greatly lessens the
wide and deplorable gulf between the rich and the poor.
Superficial politicians may, for a time, deceive the uninformed,
but more and more will all this be clearly seen
by those who are now led to regard aggregations as
injurious."
"Idle Gospel of Wealth" originally was published in
the "North American Review" in [889, reprinted, at the
special request of Air. Gladstone, in the "Pall Mall Gazette,"
of London, and again republished as a tract. His
minor writings have been many. 'They include: "The
Reunion of Britain and America," which formed the
p | T T S B U R G H
closing chapter of a new edition of "Triumphant De­
mocracy." and originally was published in the "North
American Review" of June, 1893; "America and the
Land Question," an address delivered before the Glasgow
Junior Liberal Association, September 24, 1888; lectures
on "Wealth and Its Uses," delivered at Union College,
ami on "Business," delivered at Cornell University, both
of which have since been issued as pamphlets; "The
A B C of Money," reprinted with additions, "Ameri­
can Hatred of England, The Venezuelan Question,"
"'The Advantages of Poverty," from the "North Ameri­
can Review"; "Facts About the American Republic,"
"What Would I Do AYith the 'Tariff," and many articles
contributed to the New York "Tribune," "'The Nineteenth
Century," the "Forum," the "Youth's Companion,"
and other publications; as well as many addresses
delivered in Scotland and this country before
boards of trades, at college commencements and at the
dedication of his many libraries.
Mr. Carnegie has never sought nor accepted a political
office. His only connection with the government was
during the Civil War. When Air. Scott became Assistant
Secretary of War he asked Air. Carnegie to take
charge of the government military railroads and telegraphs.
He accepted the duties of this position and continued
in it until his health was shattered. He operated
the lines during the battle of Bull Run and was the last
to leave after the defeat.
In October, 1889, Air. Carnegie was married to Miss
Louise Whitfield, daughter of the late John W. Whitfield,
a prominent merchant of New York Citv. The ceremony
took place at 35 AA'est Forty-eighth Street. After a tour
of Europe thev took possession of the residence at 5
West Fifty-first Street, Mr. Carnegie's wedding present
to his wife. Subsequently he built a new and more magnificent
house at Ninetieth Street and Fifth Avenue. It
faces Central Park and is .surrounded by commodious
grounds. It is the property of Airs. Carnegie.
Air. Carnegie passes about half of each year at Skibo
( astle. charmingly situated on a high elevation on the
northern shore of Dornoch Firth. He purchased it after
having rented Cluny for some time as his country residence.
'The Skibo estate includes thousands of acres of
heath and wood, well stocked with grouse and deer, and
possessing excellent trout and salmon fishing. The castle
was, in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, one of
the residences of the Bishopric of Dornoch Cathedral.
Air. and Mrs. Carnegie took formal possession of the
estate mi May 31, 1898. In their honor the village of
Bonar was beautifully decorated with flags and bunting.
and a grand triumphant arch of evergreens and flowers
was erected mi the bridge connecting the counties of
Sutherland and Loss. 'The tenants and all others on
the estate gave the new Laird of Skibo a cordial Highland
greeting and presented him with an address of
welci Hue.

T II E S ( ) R Y ( ( T S B U R G I I D
On the ilav when he again sailed for Scotland (March
13. [901 ). after his final retirement from active business
life, there were made public two more of Air. Carnegie's
gifts. 'These took the form of $5,200,000 for branch
public libraries in New York Citv: and second, a donation
of $5,000,000, $1,000,000 for the libraries at Braddock,
Homestead and Duquesne, and $4,000,000 for the
endowment of a fund for superannuated and disabled employees
of the Carnegie Company. 'The latter fund was
not intended to interfere with the continuance of the
savings fund established vears ago, in which nearly two
million dollars of the employees' savings are on deposit,
1 m which the company pays six per cent., and out of
which it loans money to the workingmen to build their
own homes.
In his farewell to Pittsburgh mi the above occasion
Air. Carnegie wrote, in part, as follows:
New York, March 12, 1901.
'To the Coon People of Pittsburgh ;
An opportunity to retire from business came to
me unsought, which \ considered it my duty to accept.
My resolve was made in youth to retire before
old age. From what I have seen around me I cannot
doubt the wisdom of this course, although the change
is great, even serious, and seldom brings the happiness
expected.
The pain of change and separation from business
associations and employees is indeed keen; associates
who are at mice the best of friends; employees who are
not only the best of workmen, but the most self-respecting
body of men which the world has to show.
Of this I am well assured and very proud.
Pittsburgh entered the core of my heart when I
was a boy. and cannot be torn out. I can never be
one hair's breadth less loyal to her, or less anxious
to help her in anv way than I have been since I could
help anything.
My treasure is still with you; my heart is still
with you, and how best to serve Pittsburgh is the
question which recurs to me almost ever}- day "t my
life.
In his letter of the same date, arranging with the
president and managers of the Carnegie Company for the
disposition of the $5,000,000 fund, he wrote:
"1 make this first use of surplus wealth upon retiring
from business as an acknowledgment of the deep
debt which I owe to the workmen who have contributed
so greatly to my success. I hope the cordial relations
which exist between employers and employed
throughout all the Carnegie Company works may
never be disturbed, both employers and employed remembering
what I said in my last speech to the men at
Homestead: 'Labor, capital and business ability are
the three legs of a three-legged stool; neither is first,
neither is second, neither is third: there is no prece­
dence, all being equally necessary. He who would sow
discord ammig the three is an enemy of all.'
"I know that 1 have done my duty in retiring from
business when an opportunity presented itself, and vet,
as I write, my heart is full. I have enjoyed so much
my connection with workmen, foremen, clerks, superintendents,
partners, and all other classes that it is a
great wrench indeed to say farewell. Happily there is
no real farewell in mie sense, because, although no
longer an employer, I am still and always must be a
friend, deeply interested in the happiness ol all whom
it has been my g 1 fortune to know and work in
sympathy with for s many years."
A retirement from business life under such circumstances
is without a parallel in the history of the world.
Tint many vears ago when wealth first commenced to
come to him—or rather when he first succeeded in gaining
wealth, for his money is the result of his own energy
and genius—Air. Carnegie determined that his entire life
should mn be devoted t the pursuit of riches. He felt
that, with wealth obtained at sixty, the remaining years
of a man who respected himself, sympathized with his
fellows, and believed in a future existence, should be
devoted to unselfish deeds. With such enormous business
interests anything like freedom of mind, of personal,
perfect content, was not possible even when an ocean separated
him from these cares. He had long ago indicated
that he intended some day to cut away from all active
business tics, and therefore his sale of steel stock, although
the vast character of the transactions naturally
caused world-wide attention, created no astonishment.
All Americans, who had learned to respect Ah". Carnegie
for his great ability, his noble generosity, and his sound
ami practical appreciation of the beautiful things oi lite,
will congratulate him heartily mi being, with all his
wealth, for the first time his own master: and thev will
be unfeignedly happy that he has done this while his
mind has all its old-time brilliancy, his heart all its kindly
"bigness," and his physique all the healthfulness to enjoy
the luxurious ease that he has so fairly earned.
JAMES GRAHAM CHALFANT—James Graham
Chalfant is one of the representative men of Allegheny
Countv. He was born in Wilkins Township August 6,
1869. In his early boyhood he attended the public
schools of the countv, afterwards becoming a student
at Wooster University, Ohio. At the end of his sophomore
year he secured employment as chainman with an
engineering corps of the Pittsburgh & Western Railroad
Co. He was with this company for two years.
until August, 1893, having been in the meantime promoted
to transitman.
Later he was employed by Thomas Rodd, consulting
engineer fm- the Westinghouse Electric ec Manufacturing
Co.. as transitman and inspector mi the erection of that
company's shops at East Pittsburgh. For the next three

u6 ( ) R A' 0 F I* T S U R G H
J. G. CHALFANT
years, 1894-1897, he was again in the employ of the
Pittsburgh ,x- Western L. R. Co., after which he was
successively engaged as assistant engineer in the office
of the County Load Engineer of Allegheny County,
transitman with the Pennsylvania Lines West, and as
assistant engineer in the Bureau of Surveys for the city
of Pittsburgh. In 1907 he was appointed engineer of
Allegheny County.
I!y his untiring effort and practical knowledge gained
both by study and experience, he is well fitted for the
office he holds.
At the outbreak of the Spanish-American war he
enlisted in Co. L. 17th Regiment, N. O. P., and was
honorably discharged at the close of the war in n;oo.
Lie was married October 8. 1902. at Wilkinsburg, to
Alva Ouffev, who died in October, 1904.
JAMES A. CLARK—James A. Clark, minority
representative on the board of commissioners of Allegheny
County. Pa., was born at Barnesville, Belmont
County, ()., in i860. In 1 No, his parents moved to
Alto, ma, Pa., and four years later came to Pittsburgh,
where their son was reared and received a common
school education. He then learned the trade of ham­
merman in a local steel mill and followed this occupation
for about six years, after which he was employed for
the same period as utility man at the East Liberty stock
yards, Pittsburgh.
In [888 Air. Clark was appointed as a railway postal
clerk, and a year later as assistant gas inspector of Pitts­
burgh. After this he held the position of secretary and
treasurer of the Keystone Paint & Color Co., and then
was employed by the Iron City Brewing Company for
about a year and a half in the capacity of general super­
intendent. In 189(1 he was elected county commissioner
fm- a three-vear term, was re-elected in 1899, •" IQ02
and again in 1905, and will probably be elected for a
fourth term in 1908. 'This is a remarkable record, prob­
ably unprecedented in the history of the county in an
office where a nomination is equivalent to election, and
consequently, much sought after. It also shows Air.
Clark's great popularity and remarkable skill as a party
leader. He is a member of the B. P. O. E. No. 11 of
Pittsburgh, was a delegate to the Democratic National
Convention at Kansas Citv, Mo., July 5, 1900.
HON. WILLIAM HENRY COLEMAN—William
Henry Coleman is a man who has succeeded in spite
of circumstances—whose struggle for the necessities of
existence did not prevent his striving for and securing
the higher things of life. At the age of fifteen he was
compelled by the death of his father to provide for a
family of six children and his widowed mother. This
he did by working in the mines as his father had done
until he was eighteen. He was then employed in fac-
COLEMAN

s ( ) R A' O F P s U R G 11
tories at Duquesne and Homestead until September,
1894, leaving this employment to attend the law school
of Columbia University, which by Herculean effort he
had prepared for in his spare time and at night. He
graduated in [896. He was then successively employed
as assistant chief in the inspection department of the
Homestead Steel Works, and in the United States Navy
Department as inspector of engineering material. He
resigned the latter position in 1005 to become cashier in
the City Lank of McKeesport.
In [906, alter a campaign notable for its cleanness
in which he bore himself with a dignity in keeping with
the honorable office to
which he aspired, he was
elected mayor of McKeesport.
At the age of thirtylour
he has been honored
as few men have been, and
111 spite of difficulties which
to many a man would have
been insurmountable has
achieved a success usually
gained by men older in
vears or less hampered by
circumstances.
Besides his political interests
he is well know 11 as
a business man, and is a
m e 111 her 1 if a number 1 >l
fraternal and social organizatii
his.
JOHN D ALZ E L L—
|obn Dalzell has represented
the 22nd district of
Pennsylvania in Congress
for twenty vears, serving
Ciintmuiuislv in this capacity
in the 50th to the
ooth Congress inclusive, and
bv his experience and integrity
h a s been ol incalculable
value to this
community. Putting aside the opportunity for greater
financial emolument offered him in his profession or in
a business career, he is one of the few men who have
devolcd their lives to the service of their country in the
legislative capacity, and who are deserving of as high
honor as those who in war give their lives to her service.
He was born in New York City April 10, 1845, of
Scotch-Irish ancestry. His parents came from County
Down. Ireland, in [846 or 1X47. H»s education was not
meager, but of the very highest and most comprehensive
order, he having attended the Western University
of Pennsylvania and A'ale College, graduating from the
latter 111 1805. He studied law and was admitted to the
bar in 1867, and practiced with his preceptor. John IT
Hampton, until 18X7. when he was first elected to ( on-
gress. In Congress he has always been a significant and
influential factor, being a ranking member of the Committee
mi Ways and Means and the Committee on Rules.
He is regent of the Smithsonian Institute in Washington.
He is a member of the leading clubs of Pittsburgh
and Washington and of several scientific organizations
of the o mntrv.
JOHN N. DERSAM—John N. Dersam is a public-
spirited citizen of McKeesport, a leader in municipal
affairs and a business man
of ability. He vv a s born
Nov. 1 7. [866, in ('oal Valley,
Allegheny County, Pa.
W i 1 1 i a m I) e r s a 111. his
father, came from Germany
and is now retired from active
business. His mother.
Elizabeth Dersam. is deceased.
I le attended the public
schools until he was eleven
vears old, when he went to
work on a ferryboat at
.McKeespml, to which city
the family had r e 111 o V e d.
Tat e r he wi irked in the
Tube ALUs and in the National
Lolling Mills of that
citv, and with the ambition
to become a business man.
took a commercial course
in Iron City College, Pittsburgh.
La. W h e 11 quit e
voting he engaged in the
men's furnishing business,
continuing it from 1X87 to
11)07, or until he was elected
postmaster of Abdxeesvv.
11. n.wis port.
He has served his city
in many capacities, in each of which his faithfulness was
apparent. In 1891 he was elected to Common Council,
continuing a member of this body until in 1807 he was
elected to Select Council. He held this position until
appointed postmaster, March 24. 1007.
( )n fan. 5, 1887. he was married to Aliss Katie Nagcl
in Pittsburgh. Pa. 'Thev have three children, William
Byron Dersam. John IT Dersam and Marion E. Dersam.
Air. Dersam is a member of the B. P. < I. E., the Knights
of Pythias, and the Jr. 0. U. A. AI.
His success in life strongly illustrates the peculiar
fmce which seems to be an inherent quality of the man
born in this famed county—Allegheny—from which so

1 i 8 S T o R V (( T S IT R G I
many famous characters have sprung, and from a humble
sphere risen to almost supreme powers and greatness.
He is a typical Pennsylvanian, possessing in full the progressive
spirit which dominates the Pittsburgh district,
and enjoys the confidence of a wide circle of friends. In
both the social and political world he has won and held
the respect and esteem of all.
WILLIAM DODDS—William Dodds has been
identified with the coal business since early childh 1,
and there is practically nothing about mines and mining
of which he does not have intimate working knowledge.
Born July 27. 1X04, at Haswell, Durham County,
England, in the center of a coal region, his father a coal
miner, entering the mine himself at the age of twelve.
ami subsequently settling in the United States in the
Banksville coal district of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania,
his environment has made possible an extensive
and comprehensive intimacy with mining conditions attained
by few, and which peculiarly fitted him for tinoffices
he holds in the United Aline Workers of America.
He received his education in the common schools of
his native town, became a teacher in those schools, then
worked successively as a tailor and a farmer, until in
iXXi he came to America, settling mi Saw Mill Run.
where he was employed for seventeen vears in the Hartley
and Marshall mine.
Almost continuously since 1X83 he has been a dele­
gate or representative to Aline Workers' conventions,
and in 18119 was elected Secretary-Treasurer of District
No. 5, United Aline Workers of America.
He is a member of the Sons of St. George, Knights
of Pythias, IT P. 0. E., American Insurance Union,
Young Men's Republican 'Tariff Club, Banksville Ath­
letic Association, and the United Aline Workers of
America.
His family consists of his wife, Clara May Fenton,
live children. Thomas, Lily, Matthew, Jessie and Wil­
liam, and an adopted niece. Alary Ann Fenton.
HARRY DAVID WILLIAMS ENGLISH—Harry
D. W. English was born at Sabbath Lest. Blair County,
Pa.. Dec. 21. 1855. 11 is maternal ancestors were Ger­
man, his father was of good old English stock. Lydia
IT English, his mother, was a woman at mice intelligent
and motherly above the average. Ifis father, George
W. English, was a clergyman in the Baptist Church.
Hence their son was fortunate in the extreme in both
heredity and environment. As a boy he attended the
Milroy Vcademy, Mifflin ('mint}-. Pa., working as office
boy iii a job printing office in vacations.
He came to Pittsburgh at the age of (6, and after
a newspaper experience of some time, became connected
n. W. ENGLISH

H E S T O R Y O F I T T S B U R G I 10
with the Berkshire Life Insurance Company, of which
firm he and his nephew under the firm name English ec
Tine}- are now general agents, and have one of the most
prosperous and extensive agencies in their line in the
city of Pittsburgh.
In [906 he married Jennie I'. Sellers. He has one
daughter, Dorothy, and two step-daughters, Airs. Robert
Pitcairn. Jr., and .Miss Ellen R. Sellers.
He is a member of all the representative clubs of
the citv, is president of the Chamber of Commerce, 1 st
vice-president of the Brother!) 1 of St. Andrew, vicepresident
of the Pennsylvania Sabbath School Association,
an officer in the Municipal and Voters' Leagues.
and is connected officially with the West Virginia Carbon
Company, the United States
(Ilass ( 1 impanv, and the
Smith Side 'Trust Company.
JOHN AND R EW
FAIRMAN -( In the rosters
of everv ('. A. R. Lost
are names of men, who.
aside from the fame achieved
mi the battlefield, arcknown
far and wide in the
business, professional and
social capacities in which
thev have been associated
since the war. Such has
been the experience oi Ji >hn
Andrew T a i r m a n. The
lustre which surrounds his
career in the business and
political world of which he
is a part, by his untiring
and faithful service to hicountry
remains undimmed.
I le has lived nearly all
his life in Allegheny Citv.
Pennsylvania. His early 1 w. 10011
education was secured in the
public and private schools of the fourth ward ol his
native citv. After the war he was engaged as assistant
with bis father in the undertaking firm of Fairman &
Sainsmi until [869, when he became secretary and treasurer
of the Forest Citv Pipe Works at Cleveland. Ohio.
After three vears' connection with that linn, he sold
out his interest and engaged in the undertaking business
m Allegheny, first with John Harper, then later with bis
brother William. He was connected with oil interests
frmn 1X7X to [883.
He has been a member of Common Council oi Allegheny
City, and in November. 1005. was elected county
recorder of Allegheny Count}, which position he still
holds. He is a member of the Elks, 'Tariff and Colonial
clubs; also of Allegheny Lodge 227,. F. and A. AT.
O. A. R. Post XX, and Mosaic Chapter < >. E. S.
LEWIS WARNER FOGG—The civil engineer of
prominence is an honored man in anv community. Especially
is this true in the Pittsburgh district where the
services of able engineers are so often requisitioned. A
man is best known by the work he has done. According
to what he has accomplished he is appreciated.
fudged by his past achievements and present connections.
Lewis Warner Fogg stands before the public as a most
callable and succesful civil engineer.
If ancestry confers distinction in this country, Lewis
Warner Fogg is singularly fortunate. Of American
lineage exceeded by but
very few, tracing his descent
from Puritan ancestors
who settled in Massachusetts
in (636, he comes
from an old and prominent
f a m i 1 v. (Not on his
father's side alone, but on
bis im ither's as well. I lis
mother was a Dana, and
her great-uncle was ('hieI
Justice William ( lushing. I
I I is father. ( icm-ge P. Fogg,
was a respected merchant |
Boston. But it happened
that Lewis Warner Fogg
vv as In nn in IT ibi iken, New
Icrscv. in 1X02. His parents
returned to Boston, where
bis lather was engaged in
business fri nil I 865 t< > I 891).
The future civ il engineer received
his education in the
excellent public schools of
1 'in inkline.
I lis first engineering experience
was obtained in the
service of the Pennsylvania
Railroad. From the "South Penn." he went to the
Union Pacific, later he was employed by the Louisville
& Nashville system; though admittedly successful in railroad
work, it was in the development of coal and coke
enterprises that his talent has secured the greatest recog-
nitii mi.
He designed and built the Lambert, the Edenborn.
the Cates and the Brier 11 ill Coke Company's plants;
he was General Superintendent of the American Coke
Company, and General Manager of the Brier Hill Coke
Company; at present he is the Secretary and General
.Manager of the 'Tower Mill Connellsville Coke Company,
and a Director of the Preston County Coke Company;
he is the Consulting Engineer of the Waynesburg

I 20 0 R Y t) s U G H
Engineering Company, and Consulting Engineer, so far
as pertains to coal, for Andrews and Hitchcock, of
Youngstown; the Youngstown Sheet & 'Tube Company,
and the Pittsburgh Steel Company. In addition to filling
most acceptably these responsible positions, he is also
a Director of the Uniontown Grocery Company, and
'Treasurer of the Tri-State Lumber Company.
Air. Fogg belongs to the Duquesne Club and is also
a prominent member of the Masonic Order.
HENRY CLAY FRICK—Conspicuous in the galaxy
of brilliant captains of industry for whom Pittsburgh is
famed, Henry Clay Frick has carved for himself a career
which well may inspire
coming generations of
Americans. 'The story
of his rise from a
country clerk to be mie
of the handful of financial
giants vv In 1 contn >1
the industrial destinies
ol a great nation suggests
fiction r a t h e r
than fact. It is a fascinating
narrative of
success.
Air. Frick vv as born
in West Overton, Pa.,
December 19, 1849,
and is of Swiss extraction
mi his paternal,
and German extraction
on his maternal side.
I lis father, who vv as a
thrifty farmer, had his
son educated in the
public schools and in
Otterbein University,
Ohio, and then sent
him out to make his
own fortune in the
world. 'The f u t u r e
financier b e g a 11 his
IENRY CLAY
business career in a humble way as clerk in a dry-goods
store. After a brief experience there, he became a bookkeeper
in the distillery of his grandfather at Broadford,
Pa.
Adding figures and balancing books, however, did
not appeal to the ambitious youth, who saw all about
him men who were making money in coke. He decided
to enter that then growing industry, got a few friends
to go in with him and built fifty coke ovens. 'Then came
an opportunity of a lifetime. 'The panic of 187^ smote
the country. Frightened coke makers offered their property
at ruinous sacrifices. All but young Air. Frick. Rejecting
the advice of older men he bought what others
sold, staking every cent and all his credit mi his judgment.
The tide turned, business prospered once more, and in
two years the erstwhile dry-goods clerk, at the age of 26,
was a rich man. A few vears later he organized the H.
('. Frick ('ke Company, destined to be the greatest corporation
of its kind, with a capital of $2,000,000
The success of the young man, who was already be­
ing spoken of as the "coke king," attracted the attention
..f Andrew Carnegie, even then head of the world's great­
est steel mills. He first invested in ATr. Frick's company,
then invited him to accept an interest and office in his iron
enterprises. 'The offer was accepted, and in 1889 H. C.
Frick was made president of the Edgar 'Thompson Steel
Company, the largest
of the many Carnegie
concerns. 'The remark­
able qualifications of
the young coke mag­
nate as an organizer
and director of huge
business interests made
it inevitable that, when
the ("arnegie concerns
were consolidated under
the title of the Carnegie
Steel Company
in 1892, Air. Frick
should be put at their
head as chairman.
At the very outset
1 iccurred a n e vent
which tried the mettle
of the new steel king—
the memorable Homestead
strike. The existing
scale of wages,
through the introduction
of improved machinery,
bad developed
inequalities which Air.
Frick set about to rectify
when it expired.
A historic lock-out ensued,
attended by much disorder. While excitement was
at white heat, an anarchistic refugee from Russia, named
Alexander Berkman, gaining access to the office of Air.
Trick, attempted to assassinate him. Although twice
shot, and stabbed besides. Air. Frick did not lose his habitual
calm, and personally directed his removal home.
I his untoward deed, which horrified the nation, did not
shake Air. brick's iron will. In a few weeks he was
back at his desk, renewed his labor light with vigor,
and won.
lime demonstrated the wisdom of his course. After
less than a year's trial of the new scale, the workmen
affected admitted its liberality and acknowledged that

H E S ( ) R A" ( ) R G I 2 I
thev had been in error. "The result was that never since
has a strike disturbed the harmony of the great Carnegie
works, whose men are the highest paid in the world, and
unparalleled prosperity has attended this great industry.
In [895 Mr. Trick voluntarily relinquished some of
his duties as chairman, and thev devolved upon the presi­
dent of the Carnegie Company, a newly-created official.
Again, in 1897, he relinquished the management of the IT
C. Frick Coke Company, becoming chairman of its board
of directors. 'Then in 1899 came a memorable break with
his life-long associate, Andrew Carnegie, as a result of
the proposed reorganization of the Carnegie Steel Company.
The business breach was healed, and the $160,-
000,000 consolidation of the Carnegie interests was
affected, but the personal chasm between the two men
was never closed.
It was just a year later that the greatest industrial
consolidation of all times was effected, when J. Pierpont
Morgan engineered the formation of the world-famed
billion-dollar United States Steel Corporation, which absorbed
not only the (arnegie Steel Company and the II.
C. Trick Coke Company, but no less than thirty other steel
corporations and coke and coal companies. 'The magnitude
of this monster consolidation, which staggers one's
imagination, is suggested by its balance sheet of June 30,
1907, which showed total assets of $1,703,1(18.118.40,
and outstanding securities of over $1,400,000,000. AA'hen
this gigantic combination was effected, Air. Frick became
a director of the new corporation, and to-day is generally
credited with enjoying greater influence in its councils
than even its president, W. E. Corey.
Mr. Frick. whose private fortune is estimated at over
$75,000,000, is to-day mie of the most conspicuous figures
in the United States. Few men are more influential in
financial and industrial circles than he. Besides the
United States Steel corporation he is a power in numberless
other vast enterprises. He is the dominant factor in
the Pennsylvania Railroad, which with affiliated and subsidiary
mads controls 10,977.75 miles of track, and is
said to have been instrumental in placing at its head
fames McCrea, now its president. He is associated with
the I landman group of financiers, who control more
than a score of railroad systems capitalized at over four
billion dollars. He is closely identified with the mighty
Standard Oil interests, and is credited with having invested
heavily in the copper properties operated by the
famous Amalgamated Copper Company. AA'hen the dark
days of the memorable panic of 1907 came, it was Air.
Frick who aided J. P. Morgan and other financiers to
stem the tide of disaster and formulate plans for the
restoration of credit. It is, indeed, his wonderful ca­
pacity for mastering financial problems and working out
financial plans that has made the name of Henry Clay
Frick famous and his power second to none in Wall
Street.
When the split occurred between the controlling fac­
tors in the Equitable Life Assurance Society, and charges
and countercharges were being bandied to and fro, Air.
Trick at the head of a stockholders' committee conducted
a searching inquiry into the methods of that powerful
group. 'The famous Armstrong legislative committee ap­
pointed in consequence of the abuses Air. Trick ami his
associates uncovered, made general inquiry into life insurance
methods, men of high standing retired or died
in disgrace, and a complete reorganization of those great
ci >rpi iratii ins f< illi iwed.
While Air. Trick maintains a nominal residence in
Pittsburgh and is closely identified with many of its enterprises,
his home since the spring of 1905 has been in
New York City, where he occupies the old George W.
Vanderbilt mansion at the corner of Fifth Avenue and
Fifty-first Street. He has purchased the famous Lenox
Library site in upper fifth Avenue occupying the blockbounded
by Seventieth and Seventy-first Streets, and
Fifth and Madison Avenues, for a figure said to approximate
$2,500,000. What disposition he will make
of this property has never been disclosed, but it is believed
that he will there erect a mansion rivaling those
of other wealthy residents of New- York.
Air. Frick is a man of Catholic tastes, and finds time
amidst his business affairs to devote attention to liberal
arts. He owns one of the largest collections of paintings
by famous masters ever accumulated by an individual.
He recently became a member of the exclusive group
owning parterre boxes in the Metropolitan Opera House,
and also is one of the founders of the projected New
'Theatre, which is designed to lift the stage above
commercialism to the plane of true art.
Personally Air. Trick is unpretentious, affable and
Democratic. In his intercourse with men he is direct
and businesslike. He is big enough and broad enough
to hold himself aloof and be his own master at all times.
AYealth has not turned his head nor altered the even
tenor of his way. He has never permitted himself anv
ostentatious display.
Air. Trick was married December 15. [881, to Aliss
Adelaide Howard Childs, daughter of Asa P. Childs, of
Pittsburgh. (If this union four children were born, two
of whom—a smi and a daughter—are no longer living.
JAMES GAYLEY—If, of the men who have
achieved fame in steel manufacturing, there should be
selected those in whose make-up is combined the greatest
technical knowledge, practical experience and executive
ability, close to the head of the list would be placed
James Gayley. Tlis success, so far, is greater than an
individual triumph. In his case the well earned reward
has been considerably more than the accumulation of a
fi irtune.
Through what Air. Gayley has accomplished, the
world has obtained larger glimpses of scientific possibilities.
By his experiments and discoveries, every user

; ~r~ n \- 11 p l i t t s b u r (
122 t u t ; s i i> r a o i i i i i -
, i m ,• „wi,lci-ible savins In the Gayley process, the air
of iron, eventually, to a certain extent is benefited. He consuleiawc „d\iug .
, , , , ' • , , . , .,„..,,„.,, jc parried through an ammonia chamber which takes
helped not only to increase the output, but to cheapen is cameo "g
the cos, 0f production. Nearly twenty vears ago Air. out the moisture m the form of frost. I his dry a,r.
Gayley broke the world's record for making the most then driven into the furnace, produces a hotter bre with
' " • i i , i c- .i i • ,,;,,• otVpii less coke lis effectiveness was shown bv the first test.
iron with the least coke. Since then his genius, given less com.. , , , ' , ,
i 1 , 1 . ,,..,iiiK tb.- A furnace supplied with the Gayley dry blast added
greater opportunities, has accelerated imist.uillv tin v iiuiia^ iM . . .
. . . Xo tons of pig iron to its usual daily output.
progress oi steel-making. ' ' l " l ° ,; .
Possessing the advantages of the training of Lafa- In addition to increasing the efficiency of blast furyette,
which, since [832, has been doing splendid educa- naces, the Gayley process can be applied to the making
tional work at Easton, Mr. Gaylev's career has been one of Bessemer steel. "It will prolong the usefulness ol
of constant advancement and of unceasing semipublic the converter because it will make Bessemer results more
service. Although still 111 the prime of life, he was mie uniform." In expressing his approval ol the invention,
of the earliest of chemists to become associated with this John Fritz, unquestionably one of the most expert of
great industry, which has had so much to do with the American steel makers, said that Air. Gayley had acprosperity
of twenty of the States in the Union, and par- complished successfully what others had vainly attempted
ticularly and pre-eminently with that of Pennsylvania. to do.
I le has been closely identified with the leading enterprises He, of whom such exploits are characteristic, is a
of this character in the United States, and hence in the native of West Nottingham. Cecil County. .Maryland.
world ; he has been and is the associate of the industry's Aider graduating from the academy at Nottingham,
greatest history makers, and is to-day 011- of the chief lames Cav lev entered Lafayette College. His college
factors in possibly the world's most colossal business course completed, in 187O. he became chemist to the
organization. To have achieved this distinction in a line Crane Iron Company at Catasauqua, Pennsylvania. Nut
of industry which in the United States alone gives em- every iron company employed a chemist in those days, but
ployment to something like 500,000 wage-earners and even from the very beginning Mr. Gayley's services were
has a world's product of nearly 50,000,000 metric tons. decidedly advantageous to the Crane Iron Company, with
is a matter of winch he has every reason to be proud. which he remained for three years. In 1879 he was urged
It is to l>e regretted that in these pages no adequate to accept a position as a chemist with the Missouri Furrecord
of such a career can be given. Its details can be nace Company at St. Louis. To this persuasion he aclittle
more than hinted at within the space permissible. ceded: in St. Louis he tarried until the disposal of the
Adhering closely to ancient theories, the old-fash- leased plants of the Missouri Furnace Company left the
ioned iron-makers of a former generation little thought way open for him to return East and he became furnace
that a chemist's services could be made available or prof- superintendent of the E. i!v (i. Brooks Iron Company at
itable in steel production, but to-day, lit by the torch ol Birdsboro, Pennsylvania. The notable results secured at
science is the way in which steel manufacturers ad- Birdsboro caused Andrew Carnegie, ever on the alert
vance. 'Tests, research and analysis, through which is to obtain the services of the most capable men for
obtained a thorough understanding of the most minute executive posts, to resolve to get Air. Gayley for
and obscure detail, contribute beneficially to production furnace superintendent of the great Edgar Thompmi
a gigantic scale. To those who proved, beyond ques- son Steel Works. From [885 to 1895, ten vears that
tii hi. the advantages of technical exactitude—to those witnessed wonderful development in the steel industry,
who added practical experience to expert knowledge as James Gayley coaxed record-breaking achievements out
Mr. Gayley did—is due much of the credit for present of the Edgar Thompson furnaces. 'Transferred in
achievements in the world's greatest steel works. [895 to the general offices of the Carnegie Company in
Like men whose greatness has been attested in other Pittsburgh, to assist the late Henry AI. Curry in manfields,
James Gayley is not content to rest upon what he aging the increasing business of the ore department after
has attained. Each instance ol success inspires another the death of Air. Curry, the erstwhile furnace superinundertaking.
tn the unceasing struggle to produce more tendent was promoted to be a member of the Board of
cheaply better steel: in his efforts to reduce fuel cost. Managers of the ('arnegie Company. 'The larger reand
at the same time increase the quality and quantity of sponsibility did not weigh him down, nor did his adfurnace
products recently, Mr. Gayley has brought into vancement cause the slightest abatement of his energy.
practical utilization a "dry blast" that is declared to be To such men difficulties are undaunting; achievements
wonderfully efficient and economical. Mr. Gayley's in- do not embolden. A great writer has said: "The coin
vention takes the moisture out of the air that is blown most current among mankind is flattery, the only benefit
info the furnace. Inasmuch as the air. blown into a blast of which is that by hearing what we are not we mav be
furnace in an hour, contains, according to atmospheric instructed what we oiudit to be."
conditions, from 40 to 500 gallons of water, it will be Mr. Gayley long ago "arrived"; no blank remains for
seen that the elimination oi this moisture must effect a what he oughl to be.

S T O Y ( ) F s U k G l 12;
Faithfully and with distinguished success did he discharge
all ol his arduous duties. So highly were his
great services appreciated, so well was he fitted in every
way for executive authority, that when the Carnegie
interests were merged in the colossal United States Steel
Corporation, to be vice-president of that mighty organization
James Gayley was elected.
'To such a man the manufacture of steel offers more
than the fascination of gain. The money to be made is
not the only incentive to more scientific production. The
satisfaction incidental to the development of improved
methods, the knowledge acquired through exhaustive
experiments, the ascertainment
of the possibilities con­
tained in the solution of
difficult problems, the pride
which one takes in his
work, all these and more
impel James Gayley to labor
with greater determination
than ever before. In his
present position, not only as
one of the principal officers
of the greatest steel corporation,
but also as a practical
scientist, mi matters pertaining
to steel production
in a double sense. James
Gayley is a recognized authority.
ADDISON CO U L T-
N E A' GUMBER T—Addison
Courtney < rumbert is distinctively
a Pittsburgher and
a Pennsylvanian, all his life
having been spent in the
vicinity of Pittsburgh, and
his family for three generations
liaving been born in
Pennsylvania. Air. Gumbert
is certainly a type whose
worth we of Pennsylvania
mav honor in every way as a truly representave citizen.
He was born October 10. 1807. His father was
Robert Gumbert, now deceased, an admirable man in
every respect. Henrietta Gumbert, his mother, is still
living and is a woman of rare good qualities. Loth
parents have contributed not a little to their son's success.
At mie time in his early life the subject of this
sketch carried newspapers, and at so young an age was
interested in the events of the times, an interest fostered
by him all through his subsequent career, and which has
stood him in good stead in his various occupations and
pursuits.
. • •
- • • 1
HL
a « r *
R*
^n
Hk
fcl
Hl* B
m—m HON. GEORGE W.
mm'(\Ul M
B&/I
^fl
IE?. MnaranAaiBH
HON. GEORGE VV. lil'TIII
He engaged in the grocery business for a time, then
held different positions of honor and trust in the Court
House of Allegheny County. He was elected sherill
of the county last year ( 190O). an office in which he is
proving himself efficient and trustworthy. Always having
a heallhv interest in sports, and being himself quite an
athlete, he played ball with leave of absence without
pay fn mi 1888 n 1 1896.
In December, [898, he married Anna E. Boyle.
Thev have one child, William B. Gumbert.
He belongs to a number of secret societies and to
several of the representative clubs of Pittsburgh, in all
of which he takes an active-
\
l l
•
.
•
1
.
"
• . • '
part in their progress.
(iUTHR] E, chief executive
of the citv of Pittsburgh, is
the third member of the
Guthrie family to fill that
important office in the Iron
City. A grandfather and a
great-grandfather of the
present incumbent occupied
the same position. 'The family
has bee n k 11 vv 11 ti 1
Pittsburgh for generations.
and it is fitting that the present
mayor should be native
to the manor born. He is a
lawyer of national reputation
and a scholar in the
broad sense of the term. Of
a quiet disposition, unassuming
in public life, and brilliant
in mental attainments,
he has been referred to as
.im ither I lughes.
.
Mayor Guthrie entered
the limelight of political life
when he became the Democratic
candidate over eight
years agi 1 fi ir the highest
honor at the disposal of the voters of his home citv. Ikwas
defeated by smne 1.100 votes, and it was stated in
strong terms at the time that it fraud had not been resorted
to he would have won an easy victory. However,
when the political and moral movement swept over the
Smoky Citv three vears ago, Air. Guthrie again permitted
his name to be put forth as a candidate, this time
leading the reformers. He was elected by a majority
of 40.000. United States Senator Quay was dead, but
Quayism reigned until it was overthrown by a Democratic
nominee in a Republican stronghold. Air. John
B. Larkins. another Democrat, was mi the reform ticket
for the comptrollership. and was also elected. Mayor

[24 T 1 S ( ) k Y ( ) S B U R G I
Guthrie entered upon his duties April 7, 1905. so that
he has less than a year to complete his term.
He was associated with Mr. Win. B. Rodgers in the
draw nig up of the bill to create a Greater Pittsburgh.
Intelligence and perseverance won in the battle before
the State legislature, and the efforts of Allegheny to
block the progress of the movement for a bigger and
better industrial center were frustrated. Consequently
Mayor Guthrie is the first chief executive of Greater
Pittsburgh. When he started in as such he was responsible
to about 400,000 souls. 'This number was in­
creased about fifty per cent, by including the adjoining
places in one great city.
Mayor Guthrie believes in the social side of life. Ikhas
passed the thirty-second
degree in the Masonic order,
is a member of the knights
'Templars, and is a Mystic
Shriner. He is also a member
of many other social
organizations, as well as
civic bodies that have the
welfare of Pittsburgh at
heart. Born and bred in
the community where beholds
the highest office, betakes
his duties seriously,
and his record has been in
keeping with the distinguished
family of which heis
far from being the least
illustrious member. Mayor
Guthrie is of a type of those
men who invariably reflect
credit mi their community
whatever calling in life they
follow. 'The part that he
has been and is playing has
not been entirely of his own
choosing. Fame has been
thrust upon him, not sought,
and it can be truthfully said that Air. Guthrie has
successfully met every demand made upon him.
DANIEL II. Ili:i X
ALFRED REED HAMILTON—Alfred Reed
Hamilton was born July nj, [873, in Allegheny City,
Pennsylvania. His father. William Hamilton, is well
known and prominent in business and social circles, and
is the superintendent of the Allegheny parks. Sara
Gillespie Hamilton, his mother, is a lady whose long
line of illustrious ancestors find in her a worthy example,
Robert Shearer, her great-grandfather, was a pioneer,
settling 011 the Pennsylvania frontier in Washington
Countv in 1775. During an attack by Indians, and while
fleeing for succor to Fort Necessity, he was captured by
the savages and killed. Many of his descendants have
since become noted not only in the history of the frontier,
but also in that of subsequent events concerning the
State at large.
Alfred Reed Hamilton attended the Allegheny pub­
lic school when a boy. He afterwards became a student
at the Western University of Pennsylvania, taking a
cmirse in civil engineering. At an early age he took
up newspaper work, continuing in various departments
of this profession for ten vears. Finally he became
identified with the Coal 'Trade Company, Publishers,
since becoming its president. He is also vice-president
of the Pittsburgh Transfer Company, vice-president of
the Flannery Bolt Company (manufacturers of flexible
locomotive stay bolts), and a director in the American
Vanadium Company. His
coal interests in Pennsyl­
vania and West Virginia
are quite extensive.
He is a member of the
Duquesne, the Pittsburgh
Country, the Pittsburgh
Steeplechase and Polo Clubs.
and the Matinee Club of
Pittsburgh and Allegheny,
all prosperous organizations.
DANIEL BROAD-
HEAD IIFIXER—One of
the most successful and versatile
of the lawyers who
have practiced at the bar of
Armstrong County is Daniel
Broadhead Heiner. As a
pleader and as counsel his
work had made him known
throughout the western part
of Pennsylvania and has peculiarly
fitted him to fill so
prominently the government
positions to which he has
been elected and appointed.
He was born in kittanning, P in 1854. His father
was the grandson of that famous General Daniel Broadhead
who heliied make and protect the western frontier
during the terrible times in which was settled the momentous
question of the holding for the nation to lie of
the great Northwest •Territory. An Indian tighter, a
patriot, as well as a general of ability, his descendants
have reason to honor and revere his memory.
Mie subject of this sketch was graduated from the
Allegheny College at Meadville, La., taking his degree
with the class of [879. He afterwards read law with
Hon. E. S. Golden in his office in kittanning. Pa., and
was admitted to practice at the bar of Armstrong
( Muntv in t88o.
His services l,, the government have been many and

T H E S T O R Y O F L I T "T S B U B G I I i:3
varied. He was a member of the 53rd and 54th Con- performed his duties and commanded more than e
gresses, representing Armstrong, Indiana, Jefferson and the respect and confidence of the community.
Westmoreland Counties. He was appointed United Under the Holliday administration the business of
States District Attorney by President McKinley from the Pittsburgh post-office was more than doubled: effi-
1897 to 1901, and in March, 1901, was appointed In- ciency in handling the mails was correspondingly internal
Revenue Collector for the 23rd district of Penn- creased, and after receiving the high compliment of a
svlvania, in each of which offices he has been eminently reappointment, after serving two terms, Mr. Holliday
successful and popular. retired from the postmastership with a reputation second
ti 1 m me.
GEORGE L. HOLLIDAY—When a man's ability For a considerable time Mr. Holliday was one of the
has been long and abundantly demonstrated by accept- 'Trustees of the Carnegie Institute. A member ol sevable
service in high positions, it is at least befitting that era] of the leading clubs of Pittsburgh, he is prominent
he sin mid receive all the credit that is justly due for what also in benevolent and church work.
he has achieved. Among the various honors accorded
to George L. Holliday is the distinction of having been GEORGE Z. HOSACK—(iemge Z. Hosack is a
President of the Common Council for ten years, and well known personage in Pittsburgh's business and politi-
Postmaster of Pittsburgh for two terms. 'The baby cal life.
that, when grown to manhood, was destined to be politi- He was born at Mercer, Pa., in (858. I lis father
cally eminent and useful in Pittsburgh, first opened his was John Paxtmi Hosack. ATI)., surgeon in the Fiftyeyes
mi May 19, 184^. at Perth, Ontario, Canada. At first Pennsylvania Volunteers during the Civil War. His
the age of twelve years the lad moved with bis parents mother was Margaret Forker, whose father. Gen. John
from Canadian jurisdiction to a farm in ((bin. After- Forker, served in the War of tXi_>. Air. Hosack is in
wards he was sent to the Northwood Academy. 'The fact a descendant of a family of soldiers, several of his
industrious, studious youth graduated from the classical ancestors having been Revolutionary veterans.
department of the ((bin Normal School at Lebanon in He is a graduate of Westminster College, New Wil-
[866, and thus completed his college education. "The mington, La., class of [881. 'This same indomitable
young man embarked mi bis business career by securing energy led to his rise from a clerkship to the superman
agency in Pittsburgh for the publishing house of Har- tendency of the Grant Coal Alines in Mansfield, La. In
per Brothers. His work for Harper Brothers attracted [896 he organized the Bridgeville Coal Company, which
to Air. Holliday the attention of the American Look in [899 sold out to the Pittsburgh Coal Company. He
Company. That astute corporation, desirous of securing is now president oi the New York & Cleveland Gas
the services of such an excellent man in their line of Coal Co.
business, made him an offer which he did not refuse. In his home town. Carnegie, he has held various
Thus began his connection with the Pittsburgh branch offices of trust. He is a director in the first National
of the American Look Company, of which large business Lank of Carnegie, and in the ('arnegie 'Trust Company
he is the general manager to-day. He is also President president of the Carnegie Library Commission, and is
of the Duquesne Incline Company. a trustee of Westminster College and of the Pittsburgh
G 1 citizen that he has ever been. Air. Holliday Presbytery. He belongs to several Masonic organizadeveloped,
early in life, a liking and aptitude for politics. timis of Carnegie and Pittsburgh, and is a member of the
One of the ablest and most popular Republicans in the Duquesne Club. He married Sadie E. Cubbage m [882,
citv, from [873 up to [898 he served continuously in the and they and their children. Margaret F., Mary, John
Councils. As President of the Common Council for ten and Isabel, reside in Washington Avenue, Carnegie.
vears he made an enviable record. However great the
differences of opinion mi other matters might be, in the FREDERICK CHARLES KEIGHLEY—Fred-
Council men of all parties recognized and commended erick Charles Keighlev was born May 5. 1855, at Victhe
fairness, ability and rectitude of the presiding officer. toria 'Terrace. Keighley, Yorkshire, England. He is a
'The world-astounding industrial expansions that have son of Charles and Alary Clark keighlev. The Keighley
accelerated Pittsburgh's prodigious growth, caused the family came over to England with William the Conyears
that Air. Holliday occupied important public offices querer, were the founders of the ancient manor of Keighto
be crowded with pressing responsibilities. "The fren- lev. Yorkshire, England, and the presumed ancestor of
zied financial activity that, for a brief while, made mil- the Keighleys of keighlev was granted the tract of land,
limis almost in a night, created times that tried men's now the site of the town of keighley, for his services
souls, not with the stress of adversity, but with Cnesus- at the battle of Hastings.
eclipsing prosperity. 'Through it all, despite the oppor- Frederick Charles keighlev was educated at the
tunities for sudden enrichment that thrust themselves keighley Grammar School, and at the age of ten vears
upmi him. Air. Holliday retained his poise, faithfully came with his parents to America. After two terms in

I 20 S T < > k Y O S B I" i\. G F
a village school and night school he started as office boy
with some mining experience: progressed to bookkeeper
the superintendency of the Mammoth Coke Works of
the IT

T H E S T O R Y I I F P I I I s II U K G II 127
though still a comparatively young man, or at least one in Hebrew literature, holding it three vears consecutively.
who looks the part, Mr. Laird has had over 30 vears' He graduated in 1884 with the degree of B.A. April 26,
experience in Pittsburgh's strenuous business life, em- [885, elected Rabbi of the Bristol Hebrew* ongregation;
bracing such a diversity of interests as is represented by married December, [888, Henrietta Platnauer; came to
manufacturing, mining, banking, real estate and other the United States September, [889, accepting a call to
commercial affairs. He ranks high among the men who Sacramento, California; April, 1895, Rabbi ol Keneseth
have made this city and without whom the "Story of Israel Reform (ongregation, Philadelphia, where he re-
Pittsburgh" would be incomplete. mained eight vears. In Philadelphia he wrote eight vol-
Alr. Laird was born in Allegheny County in [855, and times of lectures: "Hopes and Beliefs," "The Lights oi
is the son of James and Sarah Laird. As the family the World," "Modern Society," "Judaism. Last, Present
name indicates, he is of Scotch descent, which is further and Future," "Questions for Our Consideration," "The
indicated by his business instinct. At 1 1 vears of age XIX. Century," etc. He is the author of the translation
he was employed on a farm, at 14 was clerk in a retail of "Tiatate Rosh Hashana" (New Year), first volume
store, at (6 in a wholesale shoe house, at 18 was a travel- of the Babylonian 'Talmud to appear in English in
ing salesman, and if he had not been married, mark you, America. April 3, [901, Rabbi of the Reform Congreat
_> 1. he probably would not have been in business for gation Rodeph Shalom, Pittsburgh, at an annual salary
himself at _>_>. of $12,000; here he published three volumes of ad-
Mr. Laird has continued in the boot and shoe trade dresses: Doctor ol Divinity conferred upon him by
steadily since 1870. He opened several large retail Western University of Pennsylvania in io; elected
stores and has done quite an extensive wholesale busi- Trustee 1004: Vice-President Universal Peace Society;
ness in Pittsburgh for years. He started and operated editor "Jewish Criterion:" In less than fifteen years he
successfully a large shoe factory, has been a heavy ad- has steadily progressed from an obscure position in
vertiser and has sold over $15,000,000 worth of shoes Sacramento to one of the foremost places in the land.
in Pittsburgh.
Some of the companies and large interests with which FRAN! 'IS Tl [( (MAS FLETt 11 LR L< >VEJ< )\
Air. Laird is connected, and the positions he holds in the Now and then one hears or reads about some unknown
same, are these: President, director and principal owner young man happening to drift into Pittsburgh, taking
of the W. AT Laird Shoe Company, Inc.; president and up some line of work and after a while being heard from
director of the International Savings & 'Trust Co. of jn a wav tnat ,,iakes people wonder. It was practically
Pittsburgh: president of the Pittsburgh C. AI. AI. & T. thus that a young man. mayhap rather rugged in appear-
Co. of Colorado; president of the Colonial Hotel Com- ance, but who had already been fortunate through his
pany of Michigan; director of the Central 'Trust & Sav- ambitions and determined hopefulness, sought Pittsburgh
ings Company of Philadelphia: a director of the Phila- as a field for enlarging his opportunities. 'This young
delphia Commercial Company, and a large owner of man was Francis Thomas Fletcher Lovejoy. He came
local real estate. 'These interests require much of Air. to Pittsburgh in November. t88o, and there has not been
Laird's attention, but he is accustomed to the rapid dis- a year since that he has not upheld his ideal of early days
patch of business, ami quickly disposes of questions with- to do something worth while.
mil apparent weariness which would make many men He was bom in Baltimore, ATT. fuly 21', [854, the
tired. son of William Alexander and Mary J. Lovejoy, of a
Air. Laird was married in 187O. I lis children are Maryland family since [705, prior of English and Scotch
Eleanor AT. Gertrude, Walter S. and William AT. Jr. descent. His mother was the daughter of Thomas Horn
He has resided in the nineteenth ward. Pittsburgh, tor Robinson, a Baltimore attorney. While attending school
oyer twenty vears. at Washington, a village in Guernsey County, ( (., whither
The big retail stores of the Laird Company are lo- his parents went in 1858, be studied telegraph}-. He
cated at 622 Liberty Avenue, and at 4114-41 >( 1-41 >N Alar- stepped out into the world to make his way in fuly,
ket Street. \Xju. when 1 0 years old. going first to Washington. Pa.,
thence in December, foil, .wing, to Pithole in the PennfOSEPH
LEONARD LEVY—Joseph Leonard sylvania oil region. He spent ten vears at Titusville,
Lew. rabbi, lecturer and author, was born in London, La., as telegrapher, stenographer, bookkeeper, oil pro-
England, November -'4. 1805, his lather. Rev. Solomon clucer and refiner, gaining not only a robust physique,
Levy, being a prominent London minister. At an early but also a training in business, both of which have stood
age he entered the preparatory department of Jews' hinting I place in his energetic career.
'Theological College, London. When sixteen, he began His first work in Pittsburgh was with the American
his university studies, continuing his theological course Union Telegraph Company. < >n June 6, [881, he enat
lews' College, and his secular studies at University tered a service of the Carnegie steel interests which con-
College. At the former institution he gained the prize tinned actively a score ol vears. Starting as clerk and

128 T 11 E S T 0 k Y O F T S U G H
stenographer in the accounting department, he advanced
in April, [889, to auditor of (arnegie Bros. 6c Co.. Ltd.,
and ('arnegie, Phipps & Co., Ltd., becoming also a stock­
holder and member of these partnerships. Two months
later he was elected secretary of Carnegie Bros, ec ( 0.,
Ltd., and in 1891 was elected a member ol the boards
ol managers of the two organizations. The following
year found him taking an active part in consolidating
the twi 1 companies, and |ulv 1, [892, he became secretary
and a manager of the Carnegie Steel Company, Ltd. It
was at this time that the Homestead steel strike began.
Mr. Lovejoy was chosen by Henry C. Frick and the
managers as official spokes­
man to the newspapers for
the company's side of this
lain ir difficulty. I le ci>ntinued
as s e c r e t a r v and
member of the board of
managers, with other titles
in subsidiary companies, until
January, 1900, when here
fused to side with a majority
of stockholders in an
attack on Mr. Frick, who
was then chairman of the
board. He resigned all his
offices, but in March, following,
was induced to act
as mediator in a suit in
equity b r o u g h t by Mr.
Trick against Andrew (arnegie.
On March [9, 1900,
he wrote the notable agreement
under which a new
company was to be formed.
This agreement was ratified
and he was appointed one of
a committee to carry out its
]ir< iv isii nis.
Since t h a t year Air.
Lovejoy has devoted himself
more particularly to
another line of industry. 1 le
took ti]) gold mining and is now president of two, vicepresident
of three and a director in other mining companies.
Always a lover of outdoor exercise, it was but natural
that he became the pioneer and most extensive automobilist
in this citv, his garage having few less than a
score of high-grade cars for his use. I le is accredited with
having been the first American who "owned and rode"
a bicycle in the United States in November, 187O.
While he is a lover ol outdoor sports, such as motoring
and golfing, and is a member of leading social, athletic
and golf clubs in Pittsburgh, New York and Colorado
Springs, he is rather averse in nature to the whirl
of society life, preferring his family and fireside and
1 ks to social functions. He was married June 22,
[892, to |ane Clyde, daughter of Robert James Lletn-
ming. 'Thev have three children, Francis Flemming,
Kenneth Frick and Marjory. 'Their beautiful Pittsburgh
hmnc one of the finest residential places in America,
"Ldgeliill," overlooking Wilkinsburg and Swissvale
Valley, is in Braddock Avenue. Pittsburgh.
HON. ROBERT McAFEE— Born in County
Antrim, Ireland, on February 28, 1849, in boyhood and
vuntil he sought diligently to obtain an education in the
Antrim schools: at the age of 20, Hon. Robert McAfee
came to America. Coming
to Pittsburgh he at once
secured employment in the
mill of Oliver Brothers &
Phillips. Promoted, altera
while, to be the manager of
the lower mills, he retained
that position until the plant
was sold to the Schoen
Pressed Steel Car Company.
His home was in the
eleventh ward of Allegheny.
Hi- neighbors recognized
his worth and elected him
as their representative in
the Select Council. After
holding a seat in the Select
Council for ten years, in
1893 he headed the "North
Side" Department of Public
Works. Under his administration
were made
Allegheny's greatest public
improvements. As Director
of Public Works of the
city, in more ways than
one, he brought about an
appreciable betterment of
conditions. In 1902, however,
rather than endorse
certain "ripper" proceedings. Air. McAfee resigned from
1 iffice.
1. LOVEJOY
(>n April [3, 1905, Governor Pennypacker appointed
Robert McAfee to be Commissioner of Banking. AA'hen
appointed, Commissioner McAfee, who for years had
been a director in the Allegheny National Lank, was not
unfamiliar with the banking business, nor was he lax in
enforcing the Stale banking laws. In his department he-
was not a mere figurehead, nor did he neglect even the
slightest of his duties. With fairness and vigor he administered
the affairs of his office. McAfee's record
was admittedly so excellent that in July, 1905, when the
Governor was called upon to fill a vacancy in the State

T II E S T () R A' () G I 29
Department caused by the death of Frank AT Fuller, on
all sides it was urged that McAfee, on his merits, should
be promoted to be the Secretary of the Commonwealth.
'This promotion came to pass on July 27. 1905. As Secretary
of the Commonwealth he is also ex-officio a member
of the following boards: Pardons, Sinking Tumi
Commissioners and Property. In the careful and impartial
discharge of the various duties devolving upon him,
Robert McAfee continues to be not only an efficient
officer, but a worthy example to all who aspire to truesuccess
in office.
Long acknowledged to be a Republican leader in Allegheny,
later one of the most trusted counsellors of his
party in the State, in matters political as well as in his
official capacity and private
life, Robert McAfee has
sturdily maintained his integrity.
Gifted with the
ability to lead and persuade.
he attracted a following.
& Bolt Co., Ontario Nickel Company, 'Texas 'Transpor­
tation & 'Terminal Co., Columbia Trust Company oi
New York, R. D. Nuttall Company, Fidelity 'Title &
'Trust Co. of Pittsburgh, East Pittsburgh National Lank.
Union Fidelity 'Trust Company, Monongahela Water
Company, Electric Properties Company of New York,
and others. He was vice-president and general manager
of the companies that built Wilmerding and East
Pittsburgh and the works there located.
Air. McGinley is a member of the Duquesne Club.
of which he was president for four years, the Pittsburgh
(lub. of several local country clubs, the Metropolitan
and Law vers' Clubs of New York, the Down 'Town
Association of New York, and the Essex Country
(lub of Manchester, Alass.
Air. Met linlev was married
in 1X70 ti 1 Aliss Jennie
Atterbury. 'Thev have been
blessed with five children.
not of opportunities and
IT ALLEN AIACHLSuncertain
persons, but of
NEY—On Fourth Avenue.
staunch and faithful Re­
adjoining the Pittsburgh
publicans, men who were
Stock Exchange, towers
actuated by worth}' motives,
the Machesney Building, a
men who were associated
twenty-story structure, one
for something more than
of the largest and finest
t h e attainment b y a n y
office edifices in the citv. A
means of a temporal-}- vic-
building of such size, of
ti irv.
such strength and magnifi­
Direct in his methods,
cence of construction wmild
unostentatious in his ways,
procure for its builder and
straightforward, fair and
11 w n e r pn uninence any­
considerate, he has helped
where. Vast possessions un­
not only his part}-, but his
doubtedly are advantageous.
citv and State. With g 1
but vv illn ml t h e 111 t h e i r
reason has been extended
owner could command the
favorable recognition to
same respect and esteem.
Robert McAfee.
11. Allen Machesney was
In mi in Allegheny. 1 le is
JOHN R. McGINLEY
—One of the best known
II. ALLEN MACHESNEY
the son of Charles Machesney,
a well known manufac­
business men of Pittsburgh, having also large interturer now retired. < >n his mother's side he is descended
ests in other cities, is John Rainey McGinley, who from the famous Allen family of Vermont. After pass­
was born at Cresson Springs, Pa., of g 1 Scotch-Irish ing through various grades of the public schools, he pre­
stock.
pared for college with the help of a private tutor. He
At 2^ Air. McGinley became interested in business graduated both from Cornell and A'ale Universities.
for himself, and in 1884 joined George Westinghouse Though a member of the bar. he has not engaged in
in organizing the Philadelphia Natural Gas Company, general practice in recent vears. as his time is almost
of which he was vice-president until 1000. He assisted entirely occupied with the management of his own exten­
in the organization and conduct of several Westinghouse sive at fairs.
Companies, notably the Electric, the Machine Company, Air. Machesney married Aliss ( (live Jones, the daugh­
etc., and conducted several large affairs of his own. ter of the late Judge Samuel Jones, who in a preceding
Some of the companies with which he is now connected generation was one of Pittsburgh's most respected and
in a responsible way are the Duff Manufacturing Com­ substantial citizens. Air. and Airs. Machesney have one
pany, Dunn Manufacturing Company, Pittsburgh Screw child. IT Allen Machesney, Jr.

' 3°
T 11 E S T O R Y 0 I' S V R G I
In addition to being an alumnus oi Cornell and oi
A'ale as well, and a member of the Bar Association, Air
Machesney belongs to the Duquesne Club, the ( ountry
Club, the University Club and the Press Club of Pitts­
burgh.
The achievement by which H. Allen Machesney is
best known is the erection of the building that bears his
name. Built of steel, granite, terra cotta and enameled
brick: with an interior superbly adorned with Italian
marble and bronze: the offices being finished with Japanese
fumed oak. and fitted with the latest and finest conveniences;
the handsome structure which stands where
the Jones banking house formerly stood is not only a
notable addition to the architecture of Pittsburgh, but
an illustration of all that
a modern American office
building should be.
ARCHIBALD MACK­
RELL—( (ne of the most
popular and genial men in
all (ireater Pittsburgh is Air.
Archibald Mackrell. Air.
Mackrell does not say this
himsel f. ( )n the ci mtrary,
when asked to give some
personal data he exclaimed.
"Vanitas vanitatum I"—< inly
he put it in the gi » »d i 'Id
Biblical phraseology, "Vanity
of vanities, sailh the
preacher ; all is vanity."
In fact it was found
that Air. .Mackrell is so
mi iciest abi mt persi inal history
that when he was a
member of die Pennsylvania
legislature his biography
iiccupied only five
lines in that famous literary
and historical work' known
as "S m u 1 1's Legislative
Handbook." Mr. Mackrell admits that he was born
hi the eleventh ward. Pittsburgh, in [858, and has
lived there all his life until recently, and that is all.
It is learned from other sources, however, thai he
received a public school education and early started
to work in a steel mill where he learned the trade
of a steel hammerman.
.Mr. .Mackrell ranked high as a skilful mechanic
when elected to the State legislature for the session of
1893-1894, where he served mi important committees
and assited in much important legislation. He has been
conspicuous in local politics for a number of vears, and
for a time was real estate officer for flic Wabash Railroad.
He is now collector of delinquent taxes for Alle­
gheny Cmnitv. with offices in the Court House, and
resides mi Liberty Avenue, East End.
R( (BERT BETRIDGE MURRAY—A Pittsburgh^
who, through application and energy, by constantly prov­
ing his trustworthiness and capability, by his own un­
aided efforts in a few years has risen from a wage earn­
er's position to a post of large responsibility and incidental
pmlit as the representative for this section of a
number of important corporations, is Robert Betridge
Murray.
Born in Pittsburgh mi July 12, 1877, after graduating
frmn the public schools ol this citv. at the age of
18 he entered the office of the Lake Superior Copper
Mills (an adjunct of the
P a r k S t e e 1 Company ).
where he became assistant
li 1 the manager.
When he was 22 vears
old, he was employed as a
salesman in the Pittsburgh
office of the Erie Citv Iron
Works, hi this position for
lour vears he not only acquired
an intimate and tin trough
know ledge of the business,
but also developed to a
very high degree the faculty
of securing valuable trade.
Next for a year with the
Atlas Engine Works of Indianapolis
he proved to an
even greater extent his proficiency
as a salesman. Since
1904 he has been established
in Pittsburgh as the representative
of the Titusville
tri n) ( 1 niipanv 1 if Titusville,
Pennsylvania; the Exeter
AI a c b i 11 e ('< niipanv of
Pittston, Pennsylvania; the
Fitchburg Engine Company
of Fitchburg, Massachusetts, and A. L. Tie & Sons of
Springfield, Illinois. 'Through his wide acquaintance
with the trade, through his vim. earnestness and tact he
has built up for himself and the above named companies
a large and rapidly growing business.
JOHN I'. OBER—One of the most conspicuous examples
of the opportunities afforded in this country to
the young man of industrious habits, honesty and ambition
is Job,, Peter Ober, treasurer of the Pittsburgh
Brewing Company.
Air. Ober was prominent in public affairs in Allegheny.
Taking a lively interest in the prosperity of his
native town he was elected a member of Select Council

T H E S ( ) R A' O F S U R G i S i
serving three terms. He was a member of the finance
committee, public works and chairman of the committee
mi Public Safety. Of a genial disposition and attractive
social qualities he was importuned by his friends
to stand for the Republican nomination for mayor, but
this honor he peremptorily declined. His public spirit
and civic pride manifested itself through the presentation
to the citv of the handsome fountain which still
adorns the City Hall park, sometimes called "Ober
Park."
Air. ()ber has been for mail}' years past a resident
of Pittsburgh, and now has a handsome home in the
aristocratic Squirrel Hill
section of the citv. In 1870
he married Salome Eberhardt.
'Three c h i 1 d r e 11
blessed their union, two
boys and a girl, but only
one child s u r v i v e s, the
daughter, who is Airs. E.
I I. St rank Air. ( (her has
become one of the most influential
citizens of Greater
Pittsburgh, enjoying the
confidence and esteem of
all who have the honor of
his acquaintance. He takes
great interest in social and
civic affairs. I lis interests
are wide and varied. He is
a member of the Americus,
German Club. Automobile
( lub. Brunot's Island ( lub.
Schenley Park Oval Club.
Pennsylvania Motor Federation
and Union Repub­
lican (dub of Philadelphia.
He is also a popular member
of the Mason's Frater­
nity, Odd Fellows, E 1 k s,
Allegheny 'Turners and Teutmiia
Singing Society. He ,. ,,.
& ° - L. W .
is a director in the German
National Bank of Pittsburgh, Safe Deposit of Allegheny,
Columbia Malting Company of Chicago, and the
Standard Ice Company of Philadelphia.
EUGENE W. PARGNY—Comparatively speaking,
Eugene W. Pargnv is a young man to hold the positions
of honor and trust that have been allotted to him in the
various business concerns in which he is interested.
Coming to Pittsburgh in 1890. he immediately made for
himself an enviable place in the social and business circles
of the citv. He inherits his high business ethics and
ability from both maternal and paternal ancestry, his im­
mediate forbears being especially noted in these virtues.
Joseph Pargny, his father, now deceased, was an
astute and successful merchant and manufacturer, being
himself the son of a large plate-glass manufacturer ol
France. His mother, also deceased, was Louise Bennear,
the daughter of a Protestant minister who was a
descendant of a French Huguenot family. Loth father
and mother came from Trance and settled in Louisville.
Kentucky, where their son Eugene was born June 5,
1 XI, 7.
Eugene W. Pargnv was educated at the Rugby
School, supplementing that instruction with that of private
tutors. He was engaged in various pursuits in
Louisville until 1X00. when
he came to Pittsburgh to
CHARLES LOIILLN
become associated with the
Apollo Iron & Steel Co.
This company was merged
with the American Sheet
Steel Company, now known
as the American Sheet 6c
T in PI a t e (Company, of
which company Air. Pargny
is now its first vice-president.
I L- is also president
of the Apollo Gas Gunpany,
a 11 d of t h e Vandergrift
Land & Improvement Company.
He is married and lives
in the East End, Pittsburgh
He is a member 1 if the
Pittsburgh, Duquesne. Allegheny
Country a 11 d University
Clubs of Pittsburgh.
and of the Engineers' Club
of New York.
PR I C E—Charles Bohlen
I'rice is a son of Benjamin
Marsden Price and Virginia
Pierrepont Price, both ol
whom were descendants of
members of the English Society of Friends (Quakers).
Benjamin A I. Price, the father, a cotton broker, with
offices at Philadelphia and New Orleans, died when his
son was only six years of age. (diaries was compelled
to leave school and seek employment, his mother's resources
being very slender and his older brother, at the
outbreak of the Civil War. had been among the first to
enlist, and was killed during AlcClelland's Peninsular
Campaign.
His first employment was as a cash boy. and in less
than a year he had been promoted to take charge ol the
retail deliveries, with about forty carriers reporting to
him. a most notable advancement, as he was the youngest

'32 (t R Y O
CHARLES B. PRICE
employee in the establishment. He was afterwards
variously employed as transcribing clerk and mechanical
draughtsman: and in [869 began his long and successful
career as a railroad man, until in [898 he had become
general superintendent of the Allegheny Valley Railroad.
After four vears' service in this exalted position
he retired from business and spent the next three vears
in travel, principally abroad.
He has served as ('mint} Commissioner for two
terms. He is a director in the hirst National Lank of
Oakniont, and a member of the Duquesne, Church, Oakniont
and Tariff Clubs, and is a Mason.
JOSEPH SEEP—Among the foreign-born citizens
of the United States who have become successful and
valued members of the community in which they live,
is Joseph Seep, of ( >il City. Pa.
Air. Seep was born in the town of Voerden, Hanover,
Germany. He received a common-school education
there, until his parents came to America. He was
eleven years of age when this change took place, and
his first years in the new country were spent in Richmond,
hid., where his father and mother located.
Only six months after landing in this country, the
father was stricken with Asiatic cholera, which was then
U E G
raging in epidemic form. His mother and her four chil­
dren then moved to Cincinnati. Joseph Seep here pur­
sued his studies, and at their finish learned the trade of
cigar making, which he followed for about eight years.
After that his life was full of a number of changes.
In 1850 he went to Lexington, where he entered the
employ of the late Jabez A. Bostwick in the grain and
hemp business. In 18(15, at the close of the Civil War,
Air. Seep returned to Cincinnati, and there engaged in
the cotton commission and forwarding business, and in
January, [866, he married Aliss Kate Hillemeyer,
daughter of Francis X. Hillemeyer, a well known man,
and mie of Fayette County's most respected citizens.
Eleven children were the result of this happy union.
of which ten are now living: Lillian AT, Eugene E.,
Arthur T\. Albert IT. William J., May C, George R„
Alice E., Herbert I'., and Alma E. Seep.
In [869 he made another change and moved with his
family to 'Titusville. Pa., with which town he has been
identified for a number of years, developing a successful
business career. He engaged in the petroleum business
with his old friend Air. Bostwick of New York, who, in
the meantime, has formed a partnership with Air. J. B.
Tilford under the firm name of Bostwick ix- Tilford.
The petroleum business was carried mi successfully by
them until in 1X71 when it became associated with the
Standard Oil Company. Air. Seeps knowledge of the
business let to his services being required by the new
JOSEPH SEEP

T H E S T 0 R Y () F S U K G j,i
company, where he became a buyer of all the crude oil
handled by this immense company.
Mr. Seep still retains his position with the Standard
Oil Company and has upwards of thirty buying offices
scattered throughout the various oil-producing States of
this country. He has handled more oil and disbursed
more money for the product than anv man living or
dead. His disbursements amount to the enormous sum
of nearly $100,000,000 per annum.
Mr. Seep has many other interests, and is connected
with many well known financial institutions and banks
throughout the South and AVest. He is president of the
Oil City Trust Company, and a charter member as well
as a director of the Seaboard
National Bank of
New York. He has a large
financial interest in the
L'nited Hardware & Supply
Co., and the Specialty
Manufacturing Company of
Titusville, Pa-, a 11 d t h e
Modern Tool Company of
Erie, Pa. He is also presi­
dent and one of the organizers
of the Central Kentucky
Natural Gas Com­
pany, which furnishes gas
to the city of Lexington,
besides the towns of Winchester
and Mount Ster­
ling. In 1891 he acquired
a large interest in the Aline
& Smelter Co. of Denver,
Colo., and in 1894 became
its sole owner. This company
is the largest mining-
machinery and mining supply
concern in the world,
and is capitalized at $1.-
500,000, w i t h b r a n c h
houses in Salt Lake. LTtah;
El Paso, Texas; City of
Alexico, and New York.
With all his great interest in his progressive, success­
ful business career. Air. Seep has had time to think of
other interests in his life, and 'Titusville has benefited
by his public spirit. hi 1899 he purchased a tract of
land near the town of Hydstown, Pa., and built St. Catherine's
Cemetery, on which he expended about $50,000
and presented it to the St. 'Titus Church congregation.
This is one of the handsomest cemeteries in the State,
and is the pride of Titusville. The handsome statue of
St. Catherine at its entrance, which cost about ,$8,000,
was erected in honor of his good wife, whose name it
bears, and also bears witness to the great interest Airs.
Seep takes in beautifying the city of the dead.
FRAXCIS II. SEMANS, JR
Several vears ago Air. Seep built a line residence.
which is one of the handsomest in western Pennsyl­
vania. Here he lives with his family around him. Although
business and home interests take a great share of
his lime, he finds time to hold membership and partici­
pate in the social life of the Buffalo Club of Buffalo.
knights of Columbus, the Catholic Club, and the Ohio
Society of New York, besides giving some time and
attention to several charitable associations and organiza­
tions which benefit by his interest in them.
Air. Seep was mie of the citizens of 'Titusville, who,
ten years ago. subscribed each $10,000 to the Industrial
Fund Association. He is a stockholder in both the Second
N a t i o 11 a 1 Lank of
'Titusville. and the Commercial
Lank, of that city, also
a director in this last insti­
tution.
Joseph Seep is a good
example of the typ.ical
American business man. his
early struggles necessitating
changes from one business
to another, until he
found the main interest of
his life in one line, the successful
development of that
line, a 11 d t h e g r a d u a 1
branching out under the
stimulus of success, until
his interests are wide and
varied, and each developing
new thought and new sides
to his character.
'That so many men of
large business interests yet
reserve some energy for
public-spirited works is a
satisfying and hopeful sign
for this country.
FRANCIS MARION
S E M A N S, Jr.—Francis
Marion Semans, Jr., was born July 7. 1869, at Hopwood,
Fayette Count}-, Pa., and is the son of Francis
AT Semans and Alary Jane Sutton Semans. 'The father
was a merchant. 'The son was educated in the common
schools of Fayette County, graduating from the State
Normal School of California, Pa., in the class of 1887.
After teaching school from [885 to 1888, he en­
tered the employ of the First National Bank of Uniontown,
Pa., and was elected assistant cashier in 1899.
He was appointed deputy to the treasurer of Fayette
Countv in 1882. and has acted in that capacity or as
assistant treasurer for each succeeding incumbent since;
Benton L. Miller, Democrat, being treasurer then, and

£34 () k Y 0 F P S B U R G H
James IT Howard, Republican, is treasurer at this
writing.
Mr. Semans is the third largest stockholder in the
First National Lank. Uniontown, Pa.: stockholder in
'Tower Hill Connellsville Coke Company; trustee oi the
Uniontown Hospital; stockholder and director of the
Tri-State 'Telephone Company; member of the executive
committee of the State Young Men's Christian
.Association.
Air. Semans is a member of the Laurel Club, Union-
town; Pittsburgh Country Club, Duquesne Club, Uniontown
Country Club, and is a member of the Uniontown
Masonic Lodge, knights Templars and Pennsylvania
Consistory S. P. R. S. 7,2. at Pittsburgh.
stands very high in the estimation
of his manv friends.
Air. Semans
GEORG E CARSON
SMITH—Farmer lad, college
student, governor's private
secretary and law student,
railway manager, mie
of the chief lieutenants of
the manifold Westinghouse
interests—these are steps in
the career of George Carson
Smith, of Pittsburgh,
that have made him 1 me 1 if
the ablest business men of
America. While his early
life 1 hi the farm and in the
country school strengthened
those habits of industry.
perseverance, t h r i f t and
morality that have g i v e n
stanchness of character as a
man among men. these qualities
were given him by inheritance.
I le was born at
Granville, N. A'.. March 4.
[855, the son of Harvey
James and Olivia Cordelia
GEORGE C
(White) Smith, and descendant of Elizur Smith,
his great-grandfather, who settled at Hartford. Conn..
late in the eighteenth century, afterward removing to
Washington County, N. A". The Rev. George Smith,
son of Elizur, was for years a leading clergyman in the
Methodist church, while his son, Harvey J. Smith, was
a merchant and farmer.
Air. Smith was graduated from Adrian College in
Michigan in 1877, taking service the same year as private
secretary to the Hon. Charles AT Croswell, governor
of Michigan, remaining in this capacity four vears and
studying the law. which he intended to make his life
work. A more attractive field appearing for him in rail­
roading, however, he accepted a position as secretary
to the general manager of the "Texas & Pacific and In­
ternational & Great Northern Railways. His service
was of such a valuable nature that he was advanced rap­
idly, and at the end of eight years was appointed to the
responsible office of assistant to the vice-president of the
Missouri Pacific Railway. From 1891 to 1894 he served
as assistant general manager of that system and as gen­
eral manager of the Kansas City, Wyandotte & Northwestern
Railway. The following six years he was presi­
dent of the Atlanta & AVest Point Railroad, and the
Western Railway of Alabama, and afterward became
general manager of the St. Louis-Louisville lines of the
Southern Railway.
"This notable record in railroad management could not
escape attention of princes
of industry, among whom
is George Wrestinghouse.
'The latter called Air. Smith
in 1901 to the vice-presi­
dency of the Security In­
vestment Company in Pittsburgh,
of which company
Air. Westinghouse is president.
Air. Smith soon man­
ifested qualities that showed
him a man well chosen, and
Air. Westinghouse has since
made him one of his chief
lieutenants in the manage­
ment and direction of his
vast enterprises.
In addition to this office
with the Security Investment
Company, Air. Smith
is president of the Westinghouse
inter-works railways,
director of the Westing­
house Air-brake Company, -
the Westinghouse Electric
& Manufacturing Co., the
SMITH
Union Switch & Signal Co.,
Westinghouse. C h u r c h,
Kerr & Co
and other Westinghouse corporations. He
is president of the Lackawanna & Wyoming Valley
Rapid 'Transit Co. and Grand Rapids, Grand Haven &
Muskegon Railway Co., vice-president of the Electric
Properties Company of New York, and of the East
Pittsburgh Improvement Company in Pittsburgh.
ROBERT E. STONE—One of McKeesport's representative
business men is Robert E. Stone, president
"t the R. E. Stone Company, furniture dealers of 412
Market Street. He was born at Brownsville, Pa., in
[861. His father. Robert S. Stone, is a manufacturer
"f ink. Loth parents came from Virginia.
T he subject of this sketch received his education in

H S O R Y O F T T S B k R G LP
the schools of his native town. As a boy he sold news­
papers in Pittsburgh, afterwards serving as apprentice
in a sign painting establishment, and worked at that
trade for eight years. In 1885 he began his present fur­
niture business in a very small way in McKeesport,
which by his native ability and perseverance he has
worked up to its present immense capacity, doing a
business of at least one-quarter of a million dollars per
annum. 'The firm is known all over Pennsylvania as
"Stones for Soft Beds." A branch store is located at
Uniontown, Pa.
Air. Stone is also vice-president of the I). L. Clark
Company, and of the Purity Drug Stores Company;
treasurer of the Masonic
Hall Association of McKeesport;
trustee in the B. P. O.
E. 136, and a director in the
Peoples' Bank, the Realty
Company, the A' o u c h e r
Cigar Company, the G. C.
Murphy Company, the Watson
Paint & Glass Co., the
McKeesport & Port View
Bridge Co., and the Peoples'
Ice, Light & Storage Co.
J. V. THOMPSON—
Making good in a position
of national importance, it
might be proved by statisticians
or historians, infrequently
requires in an individual
more initiative, application
or intelligence than is
necessary to attain renown
in a small community. It
might be found that a justice
of the United States Supreme
Court knows no more
law nor is abler judicially
than a number of judges in
countv courts unknown outside
their own bailiwicks. Rockefeller became a national
figure because he devoted his energies to building up a
business destined to be national in its scope. Similarly
Pittsburghers became famous through steel, hi banks
the big bankers of New York City have become known
to newspaper readers throughout the United States, a
great deal because they are doing business in the nation's
largest citv.
Josiah Vankirk 'Thompson, banker and capitalist
at Uniontown, the thriving count}- seat of Fayette
Countv. Pennsylvania, is a man who has done things
no less great than those accomplished by men who are
constantly in the public eye among people of the whole
country.
Listen to some of the achievements of J. V. I hompson—then
see if you do not believe that his would be a
household name from one end of the nation to the other,
had he elected originally to apply his energies as a citizen
of New York City instead of Uniontown, La.
At the outset it should be pointed out that Air.
Thompson, who needs no introduction to Pittsburghers,
is a national figure in banking and coal circles. In
Uniontown and Fayette County his name is synonymous
with mention of either, while be was made a popularly
known figure throughout Pennsylvania by the efforts of
enthusiastic friends and admirers to have him named the
Republican candidate lor governor in 190(1.
Returning to the record
of bis accomplishments, this,
in a small way, might be
summarized as folio vv s :
When J. V. Thompson was
35 vears old. his father died
and left him a cashiership in
a bank and $100,000. He
immediately gave the entire
$100,000 to Washington and
Jeff e r s o n (College, fn >m
vv h i c h he graduated, and
started to build his own future
mi his record as a bankcashier.
At 54 years, in
1908, be was worth approximately
$15,000,000, was the
largest individual holder of
coal lands in the United
States. I lis bank, the First
National of Uniontown, of
which he is president, led the
In ni' >r n >11 ' >f the entire 6,288
national banks in the United
States in 1907. Not an official
or employee of this bankis
under bond, the bank never
pavs interest mi deposits, and
never charges more than six
per cent, interest mi loans. Now, though well over the
half-century mark in life. Air. Thompson can work two
full 1 lays and nights without sleep, and frequently works
a week with less sleep than an ordinary person gets each
day. I lis enormous correspondence he attends to entirely
himself without the aid of a stenographer.
Air. Thompson was born February 15. i^sd. in Menalien
Township, Fayette County, Pa., his father being
Jasper Alarkle Thompson, farmer and banker, and his
mother, Eliza Caruthers 'Thompson. 'To give the early
history of the family is to explain the sturdy frame, in­
domitable will, perseverance, intelligence and foresightedness
which make J. A'. Thompson a man conspicuous
among men.

L36 s T 0 R Y 0 T T S B U R G H
His family were all early residents of Pennsylvania,
settling here between 1703 and 1750. 'They were Scotch-
Irish in all lines but two, these latter being French
Huguenots and Dutch from Amsterdam. Air. Thomp­
son's great-grandfather, William 'Thompson, was in the
Revolutionary war throughout that struggle, and fought
in the battles of Brandywine, Germantown, 'Trenton,
Princeton, and was at Yorktown when Cornwallis surrendered.
He was one of General Washington's efficient
scouts. 'The younger 'Thompson, too, had a look in
on the terrors of war. for he spent one whole night
moulding bullets when the raid from Morgantown was
threatened by the rebels in the days of the Civil War.
Essentially a farmer in
early life. Air. Thompson
then developed the powerful
physique which was to be
such a salutary aid to his
mental activities in afterlife.
His first schooling was
in a one-room countv school
house a mile from his father's
home, necessitating a
two-mile walk each day.
Later he attended Madison
College, Uniontown, and in
June. [871, when but 17
years old, graduated from
Washington and Jefferson
G illege. T he you 11 g e r
'Thompson had learned to
love the farm life, had become
an efficient ploughman,
and was loathe to quit
when his father called him
to Uniontown to take a position
in the bank and begin
the career which was to be
so fruitful of important results.
Air. Thompson entered
his father's bank as clerk in
November, 1871 ; was made
teller April 3. 1872: cashier June 5. 1877, and president
in March, 1S89.
'The bank was organized in the early fifties by fohn
T. Hogg, a financier of Fayette County, who at the
same time inaugurated a string of private banks covering
a number of small localities. In 1854 the Union-
town bank was formed, occupying a space in the Tre-
mont Building, Alain and Morgantown Streets, which
wouldn't now be half large enough for the president's
private office. Later the bank passed into the control of
Isaac Skiles, a prominent merchant of Uniontown. was
made a side issue to his store, remaining in that location
until May, 1864, when it was moved to the north
10SI.V1I V. THOMPSON
side of Alain Street, west of Pittsburgh Street, adjoin­
ing a building known as the "round corner." It was
next moved to the "round corner," on the site of which
an eleven-storv building, which houses the bank and
retains the outlines of round corner, now stands.
An eleven-story building in a city which, counting
the suburbs, does not boast more than 20,000 popula­
tion! Yes, and this building is a shining example of J.
A'. Thompson's foresightedness and courage to carry out
an idea when practically alone in the belief that it is
feasible. When he induced the bank directors to ap­
prove the proposed building, Uniontown people dubbed
it "Thompson's follv." Did this fease J. Ar. ? Not much.
He not only built an eleven-
story sky-scraper, but built
it upon the most approved
plans and made the equipment
the most modern
known at that time. An ex­
ample of the thoroughness
of the equipment is that the
safety deposit vault is an
exact duplicate of the one in
Trick Building, Pittsburgh,
considered the most expensive
and nearest perfect
office building in the world.
If people thought Mr.
Thompson erected this great
structure just to be contrary
or to "show off" they had
a wrong impression of the
man. He always maintained
that as the bank was built
up by Uniontown people the
citizens of that city should
be considered first in its investments.
AA'hat better way
to invest in home industry
than build a structure that
would be an object of pride
and a source of utility for
the people of his home city.
At Oak Hill, near Uniontown, Air. 'Thompson maintains
a fine residence surrounded by acres of land. Here
he spends many a pleasant hour with his wife and sons—
when they can drag him away from business. He was
married December 1 1, 1879, to Mary Anderson, at Geneseo,
111., two sons being born, one of which. Andrew A.
Thompson, is a member of the legislature. John R.
I hompson, the other son, superintends his father's estate.
Air. Thompson married B. A. Havves August it. 1903,
in New York City. She is a fine horsewoman, a devotee
of art and a general all around brightening addition
to the grand 'Thompson home.
Little space has been given to Mr. Thompson's im-

T H E S T O R Y ( ) I T T S B U R G H ^37
mense dealings in coal lands, but so vast are these that
his wonderful memory would be sorely taxed to detail
his numerous deals. He has bought and sold most of
the coking coal deposits of Fayette County and still holds
much of this land. Lie owns an immense acreage in
Greene County, has extensive holdings in Washington
County and West Virginia, and recently invaded Allegheny
County. An idea of his operations may be gained
by the announcement that he recently closed a coal land
deal involving $3,000,000. Among men who have
studied coal conditions it is common to hear Mr, 'Thomp­
son referred to as the coke king of the not far distant
future.
Air. 'Thompson never drank intoxicating liquors in
his life, and will not have a man in his employ who
drinks or smokes. His bank employees are the best paid
in the country.
MURRAY A. VERNER—There is probably no
single man in the entire United States who has been so
prominent and successful in the promotion, organization
and management of electric street railway lines than the
subject of this sketch.
While Mr. Verner is a native Pittsburgher, having
been born and raised in this city, he has not by any
means confined his operations to this citv and immediate
vicinity. Ik- is as well and favorably known in a dozen
countries of Europe as he is in America, having been
interested in the construction of large and important
lines in England, Germany, France. China and Russia.
And in this country he has promoted and constructed
several of the largest and most important lines and systems
that are in active operation to-day. He has made
this line of business a specialty, which has, with the
remarkable success he has attained in his many projects,
given him the enviable reputation he enjovs and has
enjoyed among business and street railway men for many
years.
Air. Verner was born in Pittsburgh in 18:52, and
after having received a common-school education, accepted
his first position, which was in the receivers'
offices of the Citizens' Passenger Railway Company, of
Pittsburgh. His close application to his business, and
the interest he took in protecting the interests of his employers
were responsible for his receiving several wellmerited
promotions, until in 187(1 he was made superintendent
of the entire lines of the company. His success
then became even more marked, and he was responsible
for the establishment of a large number of
important changes in the lines and equipment of the
company.
In 1890 Ah\ A^erner took another important step forward
and became general manager of the entire system
of the Pittsburgh & Birmingham Traction Co.. and in
the succeeding vears accumulated a large interest in that
company, becoming one of the largest and heaviest stock­
holders. Here again he was responsible for a large num­
ber of advantageous changes and improvements, and
affected what might practically be called a complete re­
organization of the company, its system, lines, etc., and
improving the service rendered to the public in every
way. He held his interests in this company, and continued
in active charge of its affairs until about ten years
ago, when he sold out his holdings to the Consolidated
Traction Company of Pittsburgh, which concern was
merging the various street railway holdings of the citv,
later becoming what is now the Pittsburgh Railways
. Company.
While Air. Verner was actively interested in the
Pittsburgh & Birmingham 'Traction Co., of which concern
he was elected president upon the completion of the
construction work mi the line, he was also actively identified
with a number of the most prominent financiers of
Cleveland, who had interests in a number of new lines
thai were being projected along the Ohio River in Allegheny
and Leaver Counties. He was a prominent figure
in the financing and construction of all of these lines, a
system that js now one of the finest in this part of the
State, and which will ultimately be a portion of the immense
traction system that is planned to connect Pittsburgh
with Cleveland and other northern Ohio cities and
towns.
After disposing of his interests in the Pittsburgh &
Birmingham 'Traction Co.. Air. Verner became successively
interested in traction lines at Norfolk. Va.,
Youngstown, ().. and Indianapolis, hid., and in all of
these undertakings he was as successful as he had been
in his former undertakings in the same line. For a
number of years he was the president of the Pennsylvania
& Mahoning Valley Street Railway Co. of Youngstown,
()hio. and was actively engaged in the management
of the affairs of this company at the time that concern
was taken over by the Mahoning & Shenango Railway
& Light Co. When this merger had been completed,
Air. A erner was made chairman of the executive
committee of the combination of interests and remained
a leading power in the guidance of the affairs
of what is one of the largest electric railway and power
interests of the Pittsburgh district.
Mr. Verner has also been prominently identified with
traction interests of several leading cities in New York
State, and for a number of years was the general manager
and acting head of the Rochester Street Railway
Syndicate, being instrumental in placing that concern
mi a paying basis after the company had been the victim
of a number of financial reverses. 'This company has
to-day one of the best paying systems in this part of the
country, and during the past few years has been extending
its lines at a marvelously rapid rate.
Another large enterprise that Ah\ Verner has been
particularly prominent in is the consolidation of the
various electric railway interests of Buffalo, N. A'., which

i3« T O R Y ()
became known as the Buffalo Street Rail way Company,
and which concern operates one of the most extensive
interurban electric systems in New York State. Ibis
company elected him vice-president and general manager
of the system, of which he took active charge.
Several years ago Air. Verner applied for franchises
for an extensive street railway system to be built mi the
American system in St. Petersburg, Russia, and after
a hard and bitter fight he was finally successful in receiving
the grant of these privileges and right-of-way
through all of the principal streets. It was planned to
build this mad according to the plans of American engineers,
using equipment, rails, etc.
WILLIAM WITHEROW —William Witherow,
like manv other prominent western Pennsylvania residents,
is of Scotch-Irish descent, having been born near
Londonderry, Ireland, in 1845, the son of James and
Esther P. Witherow.
Air. Witherow was educated in the Allegheny public
schools and served as clerk" for the P. R. R.. as bookkeeper
of a leading dry-goods establishment, bookkeeper
in a bank, and as clerk in the office of the Sheriff
ol Allegheny Countv. Later he was proprietor of the
Hotel Duquesne from [888 to [906. He was president
of 'Third ward School Board, Allegheny, for several
years: treasurer of Allegheny Countv during 1882,
1883 and [884. In 1X02 he was chosen a representative
to the Republican National Convention which met at
Minneapolis. In [896 he was chosen elector-at-large mi
the Republican ticket. In January, 1X07, when the State
electoral college met, he was elected by the college as
messenger to deliver the vote to the vice-president at
Washington. In 1000 he was again a delegate to the
Natiiinal Ci mventii in.
Mr. Witherow is vice-president of the Second
National Bank of Allegheny, director of the Keystone
National Bank of Pittsburgh, director of the National
Union Fire Insurance Company, of Pittsburgh, director
of the Allegheny General Hospital, and largely interested
in coal properties and in real estate in the cities
of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, and in the county of Allegheny,
and interested in steel corporations and natural
gas companies.
JAMES FLEMING WOODWARD—James Fleming
Woodward was bom February 19, 1868, at New
Brighton, Beaver County, Pennsylvania. He is of
Scotch-Irish descent, his father's people having emigrated
from England with John Fox, a follower of
William Penn: his paternal grandmother, Keziah Henry.
was a progeny of the Scottish clan Campbell. His
mother's people emigrated in 1800 from the north of
Ireland.
James Fleming Woodward was educated in the public
schools of Pittsburgh and Allegheny and the Western
P I T T S B U R G H
University. He made his first attempt at business as
an errand boy, then as machinist for the Fort Wayne
Railroad, then as clerk in the County Commissioner's
office, then State time keeper at Johnstown after the
flood, then bookkeeper and clerk at the West Perm
Hospital, and later superintendent of the McKeesport
Hospital. McKeesport, Pa., which position he holds at
present.
I Ic is a director in the McKeesport Realty Company;
president of the McKeesport and Port A'ue Street Rail­
way Company; vice-president of the Imperial Assurance
Company of Pittsburgh, and a member of the Chamber
of Commerce, McKeesport, Pa.
Ik- has been chairman or vice-president of a number
of important political committees; was elected a member
of the State Legislature in 1905, with a majority
of 0,240 over the Democratic candidate, and participated
in the session in which the bill for Greater Pittsburgh
was passed.
He is a member of a number of clubs, besides being
a Scottish Rite Mason, 32d degree, a knight Templar
and Knight of Pythias.
REV. SAMUEL EDWARD YOUNG—The Rev.
Samuel Edward Young was born June 6. 1866, at Deep
Cut, Auglaize County, Ohio. He is the son of the Rev.
Tames Young and Rosanna McAvry Young. His great-
• • a •/ o O
grandfather. Captain James Young, of Scotch-Irish
descent, was George Washington's wagon master general
during the Revolution, and lived to be 109. His
grandfather fought in the war of 1812 against the British,
and his father, the Rev. James Young, organized
the eight}-first Ohio Volunteer regiment in the Civil
War and was chaplain. His mother's ancestors were
Scotch and English and related to the English nobility.
Samuel Edward Young was educated in the public
schools of High Point, Mo.; Westminster College, Fulton,
Alo.: American Hebrew Schools. Chicago; Prince­
ton College and 'Theological Seminary, and the Union
Theological Seminary, New York.
In early days he did farm work, tutoring, etc., became
pastor of AArestminster Church, Asbury Park,
N. J., and founded there the auditorium services. Was
later pastor of Central Presbyterian Church of Newark,
N. J., and is now pastor of the Second Presbyterian
Church at Pittsburgh.
Air. Young has been prominent in manv notable
movements, such as chairman of the Christian Endeavor,
inauguration of park and theatre services in Pittsburgh,
anti-race track gambling fight in New Jersey, bill for
raising wages of United States life savers, chaplain
Actors ( hurch Alliance, pure milk and ice association,
trustee of Wilson College. Chambersburg, Pa.; moderator
of presbytery of Newark, N. J., and of Pittsburgh,
etc. The record is one of undeviating usefulness
to mankind, and looking to the betterment of humanity.

T H E R O M A N C E O F I R O N A N D S T E E L
American Energy and Ingenuity Joined to Unrivalled
Natural Advantages Cause Pittsburgh, so Productive in In­
dustrial Success, to be Aptly Termed the " World's Anvil"
P I L L A R S of iron and steel support the prosperity from the surface, susceptible of being excavated with a
of Pittsburgh. steam shovel, the output of the mines mounts up into
Li the earlv part of the past century, though hundreds of millions of tons. ( )f this, the cheapest and
this citv and the surrounding district did not most accessible iron ore in existence, by far the larger
pay much attention to the industry that is now so promi- proportion, transported by steamers across the lakes and
nent, vet, by a series of coincidences, in the evolution brought from ((bin ports by rail to Pittsburgh, is count'
trade, the force of circumstances exerted through structed our strength; from it is evolved, largely, our
passing years have made Pittsburgh and its environs not
only famous for, but to a great degree dependent on,
the production and fabrication of iron and steel.
Within the citv, and thickly scattered through the
stretch of country over which Pittsburgh exercises
industrial gains.
At the blast furnace the ore receives its first baptism
of fire. 'The structure of the modern American blast
furnace somewhat resembles in shape a common glass
lamp chimney. 'The cylindrical base is called the hearth.
mercial suzerainty, are enterprises that represent, in their the bellying portion next above is the bosh, the conical
great diversity, the scope and extent of modern steel section mi top of that is the stack; the general construcmanufacturing.
American energy and ingenuity, joined tion is, so nearly as is possible, a "fire-proof" masonry
to natural advantages, has enabled the Lmited States to
eclipse every other nation in steel production. In Pittsburgh
are the seats of the mighty in the steel trade.
Here has been developed astounding!}- productive capacity.
In the district have been evolved ways and means
lining within a steel shell; a water jacket surrounds the
hearth to keep it cool; air is supplied by tuyeres drawing
from a circular blast main; at the top is a charging hopper
closed by a conical door. From the top the gases.
released in the furnace, pass down to the stoves for
that attain the present maximum of results at a minimum heating the blast. Blast pressure is supplied by blowing
of expense. Here has been obtained the richest experi- engines which draw in cold air and discharge it into the
ence. The growth of the steel industry has expanded hot-blast stove, from whence it is forced through the
incalculably the wealth of the country. 'The prodigious blast mains and tuyeres into the furnace. 'The furnace
efforts put forth in this vicinity have accelerated appre- is charged by means of a car carrying a suspended skip,
ciably the world's progress. which is hauled iqi an incline to the top of the furnace
Of the iron ore mined in the United States, over 83 and there the contents of the car are tilted into the chargper
cent, is denominated hematite. From the metamor- ing hopper. In operation a blast furnace is charged with
phosed pre-Cambrian rocks of the Marquette, Menom- alternate layers of ore, limestone and coke. At a teminee,
Gogebic, Vermilion and Mesabi ranges of the Lake perature of 200 degrees Centigrade, the iron ore slowly
Superior region comes the raw material that is so ex- begins to lose oxygen. As the temperature rises and the
tensively utilized in the furnaces of the Pittsburgh dis- materials descend in the furnace the reduction becomes
trict. The hematite ore of the Lake Superior district more rapid. At doo degrees Centigrade, the limestone
is found in immense deposits. Capable of being worked decomposes, forming quicklime and liberating carbon

14

T H E S 0 R Y 0 F rj R G 141
seiner or the open-hearth process, the Bessemer being the
older, and the open-hearth the newer process.
The central feature of the plant for making Bessemer
steel is the converter. This is a jug-shaped vessel, frequently
of ten gross tons capacity, lined with refractory
material. 'The lining is about one foot thick and is, for
the acid process, of siliceous composition or stone; for
the basic process, a lining of dolomite or limestone is
used. 'The vessel is mounted on a horizontal axis, consisting
of two hollow gudgeons through which the air
blast enters the converter. An automatic valve shuts
off the air when the converter is turned on its side, and
admits it when the vessel stands upright. The blast supplied
by the blowing engine keeps the pressure at from
25 to 30 pounds per square inch. The converter can be
rotated from a vertical to a horizontal position and back
again in either direction. 'The converter is placed in a
horizontal position. Into it, either from cupolas or huge
ladles operated by
power, a charge of
molten pig iron is
poured. A touch on
a button causes the
converter to become
vertical. 'The blast is
turned on automatically.
For from six
to ten minutes the
blowing continues; the
converter sputters and
spits fiame. 'The
die m i cal reactions
which take place in
the converter differ
according to whether
the vessel is acid or
basic-lined. AA' h e 11
air is blown through
molten pig iron in a Bessemer converter the first
element to be eliminated is silicon. Then all but
one-half of one per cent, of the carbon burns. Up
to the point where the carbon has been reduced to
0.05 per cent., the reactions of the acid and the basic
process are the same. Practically, at this juncture,
neither the phosphorus nor the sulphur in the pig iron
have altered. But after the reduction of the carbon,
the phosphorus seizes the oxygen as did the silicon and
carbon; the phosphoric acid unites with the lime, which
in the basic process is added to the molten metal at the
beginning of the blow. AA'hen the decarbonization and
dephosphorization have been effected, comes the process
of recarbonization, which consists, by the use of spiegeleisen
or ferromanganese, in adding carbon and manganese
to the molten metal. The manganese promotes the
removal of the sulphur with the slag. In six minutes
in the converter can be made ten tons of steel. Even at
ROI.I.IXC, A TERNE PLATE
the rate of a ton a minute, compared with old-time
methods, the work accomplished by the converter mav
be accounted rather rapid production.
In the open-hearth process of steel making, pig iron,
mixed with a quantity of wrought iron or steel sera]),
is exposed to the direct action of flame in a regenerative
gas furnace. 'Though the problem of eliminating the
excess silicon, manganese, carbon, phosphorus and sulphur
from the crude iron is practically the same as in
the Bessemer process, the solution is different. As in the
Bessemer method, the open-hearth process is divided
into an acid process and a basic process. In the acid
process the hearth of the melting furnace is lined with
sand and the slag is siliceous; in the basic process a basic
lining and basic slag are used. In the open-hearth
process, samples of the molten metal are taken from the
furnace at intervals, cast into bars and broken; by looking
at the fracture, an expert can tell accurately the carbon
c< intent 1 if the metal ;
when the d e s i r e d
amount of carbon, as
shown by test, has
been attained, the re-
carburizer,ferromanganese, with a large
excess of manganese.
is added in a solid
state. 'The 'Talbot
process, an important
modification o f t h e
open hearth, provides
for working the fur­
nace continuously, by
tapping off a portion
of the molten charge
at short intervals, immediately
charging an
equivalent of pig iron.
and again tapping. 'This process is of recognized value.
By the open-hearth process, so it is asserted, highcarbon
steel of a more uniform quality can be obtained
than by the Bessemer methods. 'The Bessemer process
is said to be practically without a rival for the production
of steel rails, but for structural steel, ship's plates and
steel for castings, the open-hearth product is preferred.
Armor plate is usually made by special or secret
processes which the manufacturers guard most carefully.
The non-secret part of the work consists in taking an
ingot of open-hearth steel (to which in the casting has
been added nearly four per cent, of nickel) of about
twice the weight of the finished plate desired; after cooling,
the ingot is stripped, reheated and forged to nearly
the required thickness. After forging, the upper end
of the plate is cut off and the remainder, with its sides
well protected with refractory materials and its face covered
with a carbonizing mixture, is placed in a Harvey-

142 S T O R Y O F T T S- B U R G H
izing furnace and left to "soak" at a high temperature stand a pressure of from 600 to 1,500 pounds to the
for several days. When the carbon has penetrated suffi- square inch. Oil-well piping is tested under pressure so
ciently into its face, the plate is taken from the furnace high as 2.500 pounds to the square inch. In the Pittsami
given a secondary forging. 'Then comes the trim- burgh district is located the world's greatest steel tube
ming operation and the face of the plate is cleaned. industry.
Again the plate is heated and its surface is chilled with "Structural shapes," in which are included a great
a spray of cold water. If the plate is to be curved or variety of columns, beams, girders, I-beams, Z-bars, eye-
bent, this is done on the press, "after carbonizing, but bars, angle irons, T-irons, channel irons and the like,
before the final heating for hardening the face." used in the construction of modern buildings and bridges,
In the United States, armor plate is manufactured are rolled from Open-hearth basic steel of three grades:
by but two companies, ddie amount made is regulated rivet steel, with an ultimate strength ranging from 48,000
by the number of naval vessels that mav be building, -to 58,000 pounds; soft steel, from 52,000 to 62,000
Needless to say. the armor plate made under government pounds, and medium steel, from 60,000 to 70,000 pounds
contracts is most rigidly inspected. 'The armor plates and upwards. 'The elastic limit generally required is
for the recently constructed battleships were declared not less than one-half of the ultimate strength, and the
to be unusually satisfactory. test pieces must be capable of being bent over through an
Lm- the manufacture of steel pipes or tubes, billets angle of 180 degrees without fracture.
iir slabs of Bessemer
steel are run through
successi ve p airs o f
rolls until thev are reduced
to a T >ng strip,
varying in width, according
to the size of
the t u b e required,
from one and onehalf
inches to eight
feet. In lap welding,
the strip is laid on a
traveling table and its
edges are scarfed or
beveled. 'This partially
111 a d e pip e,
k 1111 w n as skelp. is
brought to welding
heat in a gas-fired
furnace a 11 d t h e n
passed through the
concave welding rolls.
LLING A Mot' IX A STEEL MIL
From the "soak-
ing pits," material for
steel rails is taken to
t h e blooming 111 i 1 1.
Passed through the
rolls seven times, the
ingot is reduced, to a
section varying in size
according to the desired
rail. 'The section
of the ordinary
rail is about nine and
1 nie-fourth inches
square, and an ingot
when rolled to that
s e c t i o n attains a
1 e n g t h of approximately
15 feet; cut
into two or t h r e e
lengths, the pieces are
called blooms; after
being heated in the
between which is a ball-shaped mandrel, the diameter of bloom furnace, the pieces pass to the'rail mill There
which is equal to that of the pipe. As the skelp passes they are put through three sets of rollers the roughing
through the welding rolls, the overlapping edges are rolls, the intermediate rolls and the finishing rolls.
squeezed together between the rolls and the mandrel, and
a perfect weld is formed. Through the sizing rolls to
be brought to the exact diameter, through the
I lirmigli the first set it is passed live times, then, without
icing reheated, it is sent five times through the intercross
mediate rolls, which reduce it closely to the desired shape.
straightening mils to be made straight, manipulated on If the rail is of a lighter variety i't is then subjected to
the cooling table to prevent warping, forced through the the action of the finishing mils and finished mi" a single
dies of the straightener by hydraulic pressure, it is heat with satisfactory results. But if the rail is of die
trimmed and threaded, and the pipe is complete. heavier class, weighing So pounds per linear yard or
In but. welding, the edges of the skelp are left square; upwards, it rests for a short time on the cooling table
e on the cooln
at a welding heat, the skelp is drawn through a Delland
is handled by the finishing g rolls at a lower tempershaped
die. the diameter of which is a little less than
ature, thus giving a much better quality of metal, es­
that of the skelp: by the pressure obtained a perfect weld
is secured. The larger lap-welded pipes are usually supplied
with flanges welded on by hammering. Some of
the smaller sizes of steel pipe have the strength to with-
pecially in the head of the rail. After being sawed into
lengths, usually of 30 feet, its subsequent passage through
the cambering mils gives it sufficient camber to prevent
its warping while being cooled. On emerging from the

S T 0 k V () U G II '43
hot beds, it is straightened, chipped and filed. In the
larger mills, such is the perfection of the machinery that
the operation from the ingot to the finished rail is practically
continuous and almost automatic.
Again, to use an encyclopedic description, "the bulk
of the wire of commerce is made from Bessemer steel
billets, while open-hearth billets are worked up info rods
for the manufacture of chain, for special grades of wire
and lor finished products requiring great tensile
strength."
In the md mill the heated billet, 4 by 4 by 3d inches,
is reduced by the action of eight mils to a rod threefourths
of an inch square. In the finishing mill ten
more passes through various mils bring the rods down
to the required dimensions. As the mils issue through
the last pair of mils thev are wound mi drums and in
that condition taken to the wire mill. Subjected to
processes of cleaning
and 1 ixidizatiim, eventually
the rods are
ready to be drawn.
Briefly, tin- pointed
end of the rod is
placed in the tapering
Ik ile in the die, and by
the revolutions of a
drum is drawn cold
at considerable speed
through the hole in
the die. 'Then placed
in annealing pots,
carefully sealed, it is
exposed to a steady
heat fi ir eight 1 ir nine
In mrs. (>f the pn 111uct
removed from the
annealing pi its, a pi >rti<
>n is ready fi ir market
without any further treatment, but much of the wire
made is converted into wire nails; and wire for different
purposes, of course, requires different subsequent treat­
ment.
Lmm wire coils, automatic machines clip oft nail
lengths, and point and head the nail with marvelous
facility and unerring precision. 'The methods of manufacture
now adopted have so cheapened wire nails as to
secure for this product almost complete possession ol the
world's markets. With the exception of horse-shoe nails.
which to a large extent are made from fine grades of
wrought imn, practically all nails are now made of mild
steel by machines.
The construction of tankage to contain the country's
ml production, combined with the building of the great
holders so essential to the distribution of illuminating
gas through the various cities, is a somewhat important
adjunct of the steel industry; 'The building of monster
TWT.l.VT. TIlorSAXIi-TdX 11v1iK.vr1.1c FORGING PRESS
oil tanks and capacious gas holders is a specialty of constructive
engineering. 'The builders of structures like
these usually have their own facilities for shaping and
finishing plates and adapting structural steel to the particular
requirements of the contracts on which thev are
engaged. The largest and most successful contractors
111 this line are located in Pittsburgh.
The fabrication of parts for agricultural implements
and machinery and the manufacture of wagon and carriage
hardware, in the aggregate, utilizes an enormous
amount of steel. The production of bolts and rivets is
another specialty of extensive proportions. Car wheels.
car trucks and steel cars of various kinds, bulk conspicu-
,ously in the manufactured output of the Pittsburgh district.
Locomotive parts, boilers, engines of all descriptions,
electrical appliances, mill and mine machinery,
scales, power transmission, factory equipment, pumps,
and a thousand other
items of importance
made either of imn
or steel help to swell
the mighty total of
Tical pn iductiihi. Especially
in steel, Bessemer
open-hearth and
crucible; in wire and
products of wire; in
steel rails; in structural
111 a t e r i a 1 fi list
e e 1 bridges a n d
buildings; in tin and
terne plate; in steel
tubes; m numen his
other manufactures of
steel, the up-piled output
of the Pittsburgh
territory 0 intains
inciintestable evidence
that the district excels, both in quantity and quality.
hi and around Pittsburgh are clustered institutions
that exalted the present industrial supremacy of the
country. Because of their productive capacity, the
United States was enabled to wrest from European competitors
about all the honors pertaining to the manufacture
of steel. Because oi what has been accomplished
in the Pittsburgh district, Americans are credited with
achievements surpassing those of every other nation.
Not in one line mil}', nor even in two or three ways,
was this wonderful success secured. In numerous divisions
of the industry, in various forms of manufacturing,
are made more ample openings for additional triumphs.
Not in accumulated millions, not in increased capacity
procured by greater installations of efficient machinery,
not in tonnage added to record-breaking outputs, is discovered
all the causes for congratulation. Coincident
with the other production have been developed—men.

'44 I S ( ) R Y L P I T S U R G H
'The stress of necessity, the pressure of events, the incen­
tives offered to exploit opportunities, have brought out
inventive genius, business talent and executive ability.
In every department of steel manufacturing, in every
branch of the trade, men have advanced and fortunes
have been made. More than one individual has extracted
a competence from scrap piles. Others, whose mission
was to discover new markets, to extend business, as
brokers and selling agents, have established themselves
firmly in the high places of the commercial world. Numbers,
who began at the bottom of the ladder, have climbed
quickly to the top. Inconspicuous workmen in a few
years became superintendents of large plants and directors
of great corporations. So many notable rises the
world never saw before. Out of the iron and steel
histm-y mav be excerpted some of humanity's most interesting
stories oi success, and thev read like romance.
I he slnrv is a
marvelous mie. But,
in all its details, it has.
perhaps n e v e r had
full justice don e it,
although t i m e and
a g a i n the gigantictask
has been attempted.
In the space that
can be allotted to it in
the pages of the present
volume even the
attempt would be, of
course, futile. But
some day a writer
of genius, united with
a man of affairs, familiar
with everv step
in the mighty advance
of this romantic history
of iron and steel
CASTING A LARGE
in their relationship to Pittsburgh, the "World's Anvil,"
will startle the world with a record that is scarcely put to
the blush by that of the wonders accomplished by the
ancient demigods. Already this story of a titanic fairyland
is sufficiently well known, even lacking an historian,
to make Pittsburgh mie of the cities most intimately
familiar throughout the civilized world.
THE AMERICAN STEEL & WIRT: CO.—Lor so
many purposes, where could be found an efficient substitute
for wire? Echo answers "nowhere." 'The best
that science and experience can suggest is proclaimed in
the multiplied uses and ever increasing manufacture of
wire. In this country much is made of structural steel.
but does the average man realize that there are twice as
many millions in the wire industry? Enormous is the
output of steel rails, vet, at the present rate of increase,
the nation's annual rail tonnage bids fair to be exceeded
by the weight of wire products. Of the millions of tons
of steel annually produced in the United States, fully a
tenth is manufactured into wire. The greater part of
the wondrously large wire product of America is the
output of one company. In wire manufacturing no
other concern can approach the achievements of the
colossal organization known as the American Steel &
Wire Co.
In size, capacity and efficiency of operation, the man­
ufacturing establishments of the American Steel & Wire
Co. surpass everything the world has seen previously in
the form of facilities and appliances for wire production.
'The names and locations of the company's principal
wi irks are as follows :
Waukegan Works, Waukegan, Illinois; De Kalb
Works, Delxalb, Illinois; Bluff St. Works, Juliet, Illi­
nois; Rockdale Works, Juliet, Illinois; Scott St. Works,
Joliet, Illinois; Anderson
Works, Anders*
m, I n d i a n a;
American W o r k s.
C 1 e v e 1 a n d, Ohio;
Consolidated Works,
C 1 e v e 1 a n d, Ohio;
Newburgh Works,
C 1 e v e 1 a n d, Ohio;
E m m a F u r n a c e,
C 1 e v e I a n d, Ohio;
Central Furnaces,
C 1 e v e 1 a n d, Ohio;
H. P. Works, (leveland,
Ohio; Sale m
AA'orks, Salem, Ohio;
Neville Furnace, Neville
Island, Pennsylvania
; Allegheny Fur-
•lmok plate ingot nace, Allegheny,
Penn s v 1 v a n i a;
Shoenberger Works, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Rankin
AA'orks, Rankin, Pennsylvania; Sharon AA'orks, South
Sharon, Pennsylvania; Donora Works, Donora, Pennsylvania;
Braddock Works, Braddock, Pennsylvania;
Allentown Works. Allentown, Pennsylvania; North
Works, Worcester, Massachusetts; Central AA'orks,
Worcester, Massachusetts; Smith Works, Worcester,
Massachusetts; Troy AA'orks, Breaker Island, New York;
Hamilton Works, Hamilton, Ontario; Pacific Works,
San Francisco, California; Cherryvale AA'orks, Cherryvale,
Kansas; Carondelet Works. Carondelet, Missouri;
New Haven Works, New Haven, Connecticut.
The company has twelve blast furnaces, two Bessemer
steel works with four converters; three open-hearth steel
works with a total of seventeen furnaces; five blooming,
slabbing, billet and sheet-bar mills; three plate mills, six
merchant bar, hoop and cotton-tie mills; eleven works
with a total of seventeen rod mills; twenty wire mills;

H E S T () k A" o F S I! U (] 145
twelve nail factories; eleven barbed wire and fence factories;
seventeen galvanizing departments; seven tinning
departments, and six foundries.
'The above list does not include the cold-rolling de­
partments at the American, New burgh, North and 'Trenton
works; the shafting department at Newburgh; the
horseshoe works at Shoenberger; the spring works at
South, AA'aukegan and Pacific; the rope works at Smith,
New Haven and Pacific; the electrical cable works at
South, and the zinc smelters at Cherryvale and Caron­
delet, the former having 4,800, and the latter 2,000 retorts.
In Egypt, in the dawn of ancient civilization, began
the history of wire manufacturing. In early times the
ductile metals were brought into the filamentous form,
first by hammering them into thin plates and then cutting
the plates into narrow strips, which afterwards were
rounded somewhat and roughed off by being rubbed
with sand. For, perhaps, three thousand vears the crude
methods of the prehistoric smiths were but little improved
upon; no other way of making wire was practiced
or known. Near the close of the 14th century,
in Nuremberg, German}-, was devised a rude machine,
driven by water power, which made, after a fashion,
drawn wire. But no great amount of machine-drawn
wire was produced until after 1865. In England, in
that year, commenced the development, mi a larger scale,
of wire manufacturing. From Great Britain, however.
supremacy in wire production has departed. ( (11 this
side of the Atlantic is firmly established the sovereignty
over the world's wire trade. 'The one acknowledged
leader of the industry is the widely known American
Steel & Wire Co.
'Time was when both wire and nails were manufactured
almost entirely from wrought imn. 'To secure
the toughness and high tensile strength required, great
care had to be used in the preparation of the imn. The
cost of the product was proportionately high. But when
steel became the standard material, not only was the expense
of production decreased, but a considerable gain
was made in tensile strength. AA'hile good black imn
wire will show an ultimate tensile strength of about 2^
tons to the square inch, and bright hard-drawn imn wire
a strength of 35 tons to the square inch, Bessemer steel
wire will stand a strain of 40 tons, and open-hearth steel
wire of 60 tons to the inch. Of the special grades of wire,
high-carbon open-hearth steel will sustain about 80 tons,
crucible cast steel wire about too tons, and the best cast
steel, sometimes called "plow" steel wire, is equal to a
strain of 120 tons. Yet in the attainment of this tremendous
strength, the limit is not reached. Certain
qualities of cast steel wire, "made under specifications
calling for a particular composition and requiring very
elaborate working," have been produced, showing an
ultimate breaking strength of 170 tons to the square
inch. "Tests of "plow" steel wire have repeatedly de­
monstrated a tensile strength that withstood a strain
equal to 350,000 pounds to the square inch.
A platinum wire so line as 0.00003 of an inch in
diameter has been obtained: [,060 yards of this wire
weighed only three-fourths of a grain. Think- of a wire,
a mile in length, that would be but a trifle heavier than
one grain of wheat. While a wire of this description
illustrates one of the possibilities of wire production,
it is with the ordinary wire of commerce that the American
Steel & Wire Co, is chiefly concerned.
Having at various places advantageously located its
own blast furnaces, its Bessemer and its open-hearth
steel works—establishments that rank well among the
largest and best managed steel plants in the country—
the company provides itself with every assurance of exactness,
with all (and precisely) the kinds of steel it
requires from which to fabricate its great variety i
vv ire products.
Following steel production comes the conversion of
the billets into rods which is a hot-rolled proposition and
the last process before being delivered to the wire-making
processes. 'The billet measures 4 by 4 by 36 inches.
and so rapidly is this rolled into a rod about a quarter of
a mile long that it is accomplished in one heat. Emerging
fmm the finishing mils this rod is wound into coils
of convenient size that are ready for the mill.
'There is a great fascination in being near a blast furnace
in operation, but no less interesting is a visit to a
md mill at night. The fiery serpent-like rods are guided
from one set of rolls to another by men quick of eye,
strong of arm, and stout of heart, until at last they have
reached the desired size and are coiled upon rapidly
revolving reels still glaring red and seemingly defiant at
tlmse who started and then rushed them through the
different passes so speedily.
The men who are trained to catch the mils as they
dart at them, are so quick and so sure in their every
motion that an observer might confidently expect them to
handle live snakes in just such fashion.
In everv well regulated and systematically conducted
business, men are to-day utilizing that which mil}- a fewyears
ago was considered useless refuse. The United
States Steel Corporation has adopted gas engines of
enormous power to drive the machinery in its new mills,
particularly those at Gary, Indiana. 'The fuel to be used
is the gases from their blast furnaces, which, until very
recently, polluted the atmosphere.
In the light of recent discoveries these gases are now-
considered by the corporation to be a blessing instead
of a blight—which to hard-headed business men is another
name for waste.
'The American Steel ei: Wire Co. has never been lacking
in shrewdness, and a lasting tribute to that fact is its
by-product sulphate of imn.
'The first process in the wire mill is to dip the bundle
into a bath of sulphuric acid which takes off the rolling-

14« T 11 E S T O R Y 0
T S B U R G II
mill scale. "The bundle is then dipped into a bath of lime From the annealing furnace the wire again passes to
water which neutralizes the acid. This is called the clean- the acid bath to remove the scale and then again to the
ingprocess. When the immersions weaken the acid, it is lime water to eliminate the acid. 'Through the draw
drawn off int.. vats and converted into sulphate of imn. plate it goes again. 'The process of drawing, annealing
which is extensively used as a germicide, also for the and cleaning is continued until, drawn down to the de-
eradication of farm weeds. Sulphate of imn is used sired diameter, the wire, unless it is to be galvanized,
for the purification of water at St. Louis, Cincinnati. Chi- tinned or further fabricated, is ready for market.
cago (stock yards), and sixty other cities, while as an For some very accurate purposes, such as chronom-
eradicator of farm weeds it has been tested at quite a eter springs, wire is drawn through holes perforated in
number of agricultural experimental stations through- diamonds and other hard gems.
out the country and approved. As evidence of what sul- One of the many things in which this company stands
phate f iron may accomplish in the way of eradicating pre-eminent is the excellence of its galvanizing, and esfarm
weeds, we cannot do better than reproduce the peciallv that upon telegraph wire. Its product of this
words ..f Henry L. Bolley, botanist. Referring to ex- material is recognized as the standard in this country and
tensive experiments conducted at the North Dakota abroad. In this process the wire is drawn through a
Agricultural Experimental Station, he writes: "Each specially constructed furnace, after which it is allowed to
year of our experiments has resulted in success of such COol. It is then drawn through an acid bath, the strength
marked nature that the writer feels safe in asserting that ,,f the acid depending mi the grade of wire to be galvanvvlien
the farming public have accepted the method ol ized. After leaving this bath it is passed through another
attacking weeds as a regular farm operation that the one of a different solution and carried a distance of 15
gain to the country at large will be much greater in feet t a kettle containing molten zinc of a high temmonetary
consideration than that which has been perature.
afforded by anv other single piece of investigation ap- From this third bath the wire is drawn through a
plied to field work in agriculture, not excepting even the coating of pulverized charcoal directly mi to the coiling
now generally used formaldehyde method of seed disin- frame.
fection, which has saved to the State of North Dakota, an- The eating thus applied withstands the corrosive
nually, cereals to the value of several millions of dollars." action of the elements better than in anv other known
"The sulphate of imn produced by the American Steel process.
& Wire Co. is manufactured by a process patented June In bulk at least two of the more important wire
25, 1907. and other patents are pending. It is put up in products are wire nails and wire fencing. By the Ameribarrels,
bags or in bulk, and can be quickly shipped in can Steel & Wire Co. wire fencing is made in worldeither
small quantities or in car-loads direct from the supplying quantities by machines that approximate autocompany's
nulls. It is used in solution and is applied matic perfection. In wire nails also wonderful cheapby
a machine or band sprayer. The company invites in- ness and efficiency of production has been obtained. In
quiries from anv mie interested, and stands ready to give the nail mills each separate machine is callable of turnall
the information it can about this useful product. ing out from 150 to 500 nails a minute. 'The naibmak-
But t revert to the process of wire-drawing. ing capacity of the company is upwards of 12,000,000
Cleaned of scale by being immersed in an acid bath kegs (doo.ooo tons) a year. 'The wire nail first
and then deacidized in a bath of lime water, the oils began to be manufactured in the United States in
are made ready to be pulled through the draw plate. 1X72. A German Catholic priest. Father Goebels.
'This is an oblong plate of hard steel pierced with corneal and Michael Baackes, from the same town in Gerholes
gradually diminishing in diameter; the smaller end manv. operated the first machines that were in that
of each aperture is carefully prepared to the desired size. year brought over from Dusseldorf and set up in Cov-
The end of the rod, being drawn through the hole, is ington, kv. Later mi this small beginning with four
secured to a drum. By the revolving drum the wire machines developed into greater proportions, and the
is continuously pulled through the hole in the draw plate. American Wire Nail Company was organized. In 1878
From the first drum the wire is passed through a smaller Michael Baackes, William Chisholm and Frank Baackes
bole and again drawn by drum number 2, and so on the continued the manufacture under a new company formed,
process is repeated until the wire has been reduced to the the IT P. Nail Company of Cleveland. In 1884 Frank
required diameter. Fine wire may require from 20 to Baackes established the manufacture at Leaver Falls,
30 drawings. In drawing out and winding up a thick when just one year later a great strike shut off the manwire,
the drum revolves slowly, but the speed of the sue- ufacture of cut' nails. 'This left the wire nail as the only
cessive drums is quickened as the size of the wire dimin- available nail, and with the extensive introduction it then
ishes. Passed through the draw plate a certain number received, the wire nail rapidly superseded the cut nail and
of times, the metal becomes brittle and needs must have became the standard nail for general use. All these plants
its ductility restored by annealing. and others later organized,' such as the Washburn &

H O R Y O F T S U R G H 14;
Moen Co., Consolidated Steel & Wire Co., I. L. Ellwood
Company, Newcastle Wire Nail Company, ((liver Wire
Company, Pittsburgh Wire Company, Salem Wire ey
Nail Co., Cincinnati Company, Continental Wire Com­
pany, Indiana AA'ire Fence Company, and the American
AArire Company afterwards became absorbed in the present
American Steel ec AA'ire Co.
From the hair spring of a watch to the steel wire
cables which support the greatest suspension bridge, the
variations in size, cost and utilization of wire products
are numerous and remarkable. A list of these different
varieties and uses of wire manufactured by the American
Steel & Wire Co. is as follows: Wire of every description,
round, flat, square, triangular, and odd-shaped.
Music wire. Mattress, broom, weaving and market wires
in all finishes. Special wires adapted to all purposes.
Wire hoops, for use mi lime barrels, sugar, salt, produce,
apple, cracker, cement and flour barrels and other slack
cooperage. Electrical wires and cables of all kinds, bare
and insulated. Telegraph and telephone wire, pole steps.
Rail bonds, for electric railroads. AA'ire rope, heavy
cables and hawsers; elevator, tramway, dredging and derrick
ropes, ships' rigging, extra flexible rope, sash cord
and clothes lines. Rale ties for baling hay, straw, flax,
and all kinds of fibrous materials: also for bundling lumber,
mouldings, staves and heading. Nails, staples, spikes
and tacks of all kinds, standard wire nails in all sizes and
shapes. Miscellaneous fine nails. Wire brads, tacks in
count and weight packages. Dowel pins. R. R. Spikes.
Barbed wire, both two and four-point; Glidden Baker,
Perfect, Ellwood, Waukegan, Lyman and Iowa brands.
Woven wire fencing. "American," "Ellwood" and
"Roval" fences. Concrete reinforcement for buildings.
bridges, sewers, water-mains, columns, walls, stacks,
power plants and other concrete work requiring steel reinforcement.
Springs: clock, motor, car, furniture, agricultural
and all kinds of tine and heavy springs. Sulphate
of imn, for water purification: for fertilizing; for chemicals,
disinfectant, dyeing, purification of gas, for plateglass
polishing, and for wood preservative. Poultry netting,
galvanized before weaving. All meshes and sizes.
Wire rods of open-hearth and Bessemer steel. Horseshoes,
"Juniata" brand, iron and steel, in all sizes and
patterns. Also toe calks. Shafting, cold drawn steel.
free cutting screw steel, pump mils. Roller bearing rods,
rounds, squares, hexagons, flats and special shapes.
"The latest addition to be made to the company's longlist
of wire products is concrete reinforcement. 'This
great material is rapidly becoming the foundation of the
country's concrete construction, and consists of a woven
wire fabric much like a woven wire fence, but ungalvanized
and made of wire of considerably harder nature and
greater tensile strength. 'This fabric is known as the
'Triangle or 'Triangular Alesh Reinforcement.
'The wire in the Steinway and other great pianos is
the company's Perfected brand; the rope in the elevators
of the Washington monument and other great structures
of the country is American wire rope; the springs in the
finest upholster}', the wire in the telegraph and telephone
lines, the hoops that hold flour and other barrels safely
together, the woven wire in mattresses, that in brooms
and brushes, the shafting in mills and the shoes upon the
horses' feet represent the great scope of the company's
manufactures.
Of the great plants that represent the companies that
were merged in the American Steel & Wire Co. it may
be said that in their achievements past and present is
the best part of the history of wire manufacturing in
America. Established in 1824. the Shoenberger Wrorks
of Pittsburgh, started when the iron industry of the
United States was in its infancy, has changed and developed
with time, but the sturdy pioneer spirit of progress
and growth is vet there. Besides the time-honored
Shoenberger there are the great works of the old Washburn
& Moen Co. at Worcester, Waukegan and San Francisco,
with all their ancient prestige in the manufacture
of wire rope, electrical wires and piano wire; the Consolidated
Steel ec Wire Co.'s famous works that developed,
among other things, the woven wire fence; the
works at Cleveland with the celebrated tack mills—all
contributed splendid fame in special and exclusive lines
of wire manufacture. And all rounded up complete with
the great works at Donora and Sharon, La., finished since
the company was organized.
(die of the representatives of the company was once
congratulated mi his selling a line of goods that was
simple and easily mastered. 'The salesman expressed surprise
at his friend's remark and told him that the wire
company was selling to practically every class of trade in
the citv, asking him to name three with which he supposed
this company did not deal. After some thought
the friend named grocers, wholesale tobacco dealers and
jewelers. 'To the first this company sold clothes lines, to
the second box-strap ( for certain railroads have at times
required that all cases of tobacco be securely strapped),
and t the last mentioned watch and clock springs, as well
as eve-glass wire.
CARBON STEEL COMPANY—Some of the most
important orders for steel in the past decade have been
manufactured at a Pittsburgh steel mill that makes fewgreat
pretensions, but that does make fine steel. While
these special orders may not have been so large as many
others that have been placed for general steel products,
they have been of such importance as to be for the best
battleships "Uncle Sam" has afloat, and for some of the
finest bridges and other structures in the world. 'This
steel was made by the Carbon Steel Company at its
Pittsburgh mill under special processes known only to
its management.
'The Carbon Steel Company was organized under the
laws of AA'est Virginia October 12, 1894. It is cap-

i4S () R A' ( )
italized at $5,000,000, of which amount $3,000,000 is in
common stock, $500,000 is in first preferred, and $1,-
500,000 is in secnd preferred stock. "The company's
general offices are in the Hudson 'Terminal Building, New-
York City. Its large plant is on the banks of the Alle­
gheny River in the Lawrenceville mill district of Pitts­
burgh at Thirty-second and Smallman Streets, where
the Pittsburgh offices are also maintained. The western
branch office is in Chicago, while the southwestern and
southern territory is cared for at the branch office at
St. Louis.
'I his company's able management is shown in its official
personnel, which is as folows: President, Frank B.
Robinson; vice-president, N. A. Hemphill; treasurer,
John 1). Slayback; secretary, Raymond S. Baldwin.
'The directors are F. B. Robinson. N. A. Hemphill, J. I).
Slayback. E. F. Slayback. AT S. Paine, W. II. Silverthorne
and S. M. Wetmore. Air. Wetmore, who, in addition
to being a director, has the title of general superintendent,
has direct and executive supervision of the
Pittsburgh offices and mill in all departments. I. T.
Rowley, a thoroughly experienced steel maker, is superintendent
of the mill. E. G. Buchanan is eastern sales
agent, with headquarters in New York, and E. k. Harris,
western sales agent, is located at Chicago. Both gentlemen
are well known in the steel world.
The company manufactures the following variety of
steel products, all of which are recognized as the highest
standards of quality, efficiency and durability: Acidsteel
plates for locomotive fire-boxes; Scotch boiler furnaces;
acid-steel billets for high-grade wire rods and
cables; Cunningham process acid-steel forgings for
engine, tender and passenger car axles, crank pins,
[» I T T S P. U R G H
piston rods and side rods; five-ply plates and angles for
safes and vaults; shell, flange, tank, marine and uni­
versal and sheared plates for bridge and structural work;
ship plates, nickel steel plates, protective deck plates and
nickel steel forgings.
CARBON STEEL COMPANY, PITTSBURGH, PA.
This extensive and varied production shows the
breadth to which the company's business has grown in
little mme than a decade. Out of these products several
are specialties. 'The latter include locomotive fire-box
steel, boiler steel and axles, all made from the company's
special open-hearth, pig and ore process, the axles being
made by what is known as the Cunningham process, of
which the Carbon Steel Company has exclusive use. The
company also makes a specialty of marine steel plates
of 60,000. 65,000 and 70,000 pounds tensile strength.
While the company makes practically all of its steel for
domestic trade, it also enjovs an extensive foreign business,
which is broadening each year.
Since the Carbon Steel Company was established in
[894 it has furnished its steel for much high-grade work.
All of the steel used in the elevation of the New York
Central ev. Hudson River Railroad tracks over the Harlem
River in New York City, which was the largest single
order for that class of steel up to that time, was made
by this company. Steel plates for the Lmited States
battleships Oregon, Iowa and Minneapolis, and for Admiral
Dewey's flagship Olvmpia were made at the Carbon
mill. Steel for cables for the new F.ast River Bridge
over the East River in New York was rolled at the company
s mill. 1 be Carbon Company recently secured the
largest order for nickel steel for structural purposes that
has ever been contracted for, this being the steel for the
Manhattan P.ridge over the East River in New York.

11 E S T O R Y O F U R G I '40
'These are but few of scores of important orders that
might be mentioned, but thev show the high standard
of manufacturing done by the Carbon Steel Company.
AVhile the company occupies a large plot with its
plant in the Lawrenceville district, its management sees
the need for more room for development, not only of
its own property, but of others, and thus the Carbon
Steel Company gives its ardent support to Greater Pittsburgh.
THE CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY—Interesting
and instructive to the greatest degree is the history
of the Carnegie Steel Company.
Yet, so man}- persons and interests are connected
in one wav or another with the narrative, so great is the
subject, so multitudinous the details, so far-reaching are
the effects, so numerous the various points of view, it
approaches the impossible to compress in small space an
entirely complete, unbiased and absolutely true account
of the rise and expansion of this gigantic organization.
"Though never in print appear all the minute accuracies
of its story, even though many chapters are omitted,
the absence of items of present inconsequence will not
dim the magnificence of the company's achievements.
Largely through what the Carnegie Company accomplished,
in steel production and fabrication, the United
States surpassed Great Britain and every competing
nation.
'Though not the first to use either the Bessemer or
the open-hearth process, in the development of the present
immensity of the steel industry it led the way.
Conspicuous and portentous have been its exploits
in steel manufacturing. In helping to build up the steel
supremacy of the country it made the most of its opportunities.
It extended the use and decreased the cost of
steel. It continually availed itself of improved methods.
In advance of others, sometimes, it utilized new discoveries.
By constantly increasing the efficiency of its
equipment and by offering special incentives to employees,
it astonished Europe by the extent and rapidity
of its production. Its profits were proportionate to its
output.
From a rough little forge at Girty's Run, in half a
century the business has grown into an aggregation of
great plants and a capitalization represented by the
repeated multiplication of millions.
fust how far the success of the company was evolved
from the country's advancement mav be a matter of
opinion. To a certain extent authoritative is the judgment
of one who ought to know. On this subject, H.
C. Frick is quoted as modestly saying: "The demands
of modern life called for such work as ours; and if we
had not met the demands others would have done so.
Even without us the steel industry would have been just
as great as it is, though men would have used other
names in speaking of its leaders."
Granting that "the growth of the steel industry was
inevitable" does not detract from the fact that the I arnegie
Company achieved greatness because it developed
the ways and means and the men that made America
famous and foremost in steel production.
At times a combination of fortuitous circumstances
undoubtedly did accelerate remarkably the progress ol
the company, but in the beginning, and often afterwards,
were encountered difficulties of almost overwhelming
magnitude. Not entirely to the shaping of events, but
more particularly to the men who were identified with
its operation and management, the ("arnegie Company
owes its unprecedented success.
Commencing with Andrew and Anton Kloman, who
in a wooden shed, in a suburb of Pittsburgh, in 1858, set
up a forge and a trip hammer and successfully made
axles out of scrap iron, the enterprise, in the eventful
years that followed, was constantly enlarged, not only
by ordinary business accretions, but by the genius and
ingenuity of the men who evolved from mills and furnaces,
bv improved processes, vastly increased production.
In the beginning, scarcely so well equipped as a wayside
blacksmith simp, it became in time more than a commercial
undertaking; it grew to be a financial power, an
industrial force, an organization of international importance;
besides, it was an educational institution, a
university from which graduated not only master steel
makers, but phenomenally successful men of affairs.
In 1858, by alternately reversing the fibres whileforging
the imn, Andrew kloman made a superior axle.
The prestige thus obtained constituted the most important
asset of the business at the outset. The original
establishment at Girty's Run. in the main, depended on
the practical knowledge and skill of Andrew kloman.
flic mechanical appliances of the axle shop, mostly second-hand,
were obtained at an expenditure of less than
$4,000.
To supply the demand created for kloman's axles,
increased capital was soon required, kloman desired
$1,600. This amount was invested by 'Thomas N. Aliller.
the purchasing agent of the Fort Wayne Railroad.
who arranged that in the enterprise he should be represented
bv Henry Phipps.
After the breaking out of the Civil War, kloman
and Phipps were busily employed on government contracts,
ddie crude plant at Girty's Run was inadequate.
so the partners leased from the Denny Estate, at an
annual rental of $324 for twenty years, with the privilege
of renewal, a tract of land then used as a market garden
on 'Twcntv-ninth Street in Pittsburgh. In 1863. in an
erstwhile cabbage patch, was erected, for those times, an
extensive mill with a large capacity for highly finished
products worked up from the crudest forms. About
this time 'Thomas AT Carnegie, with money said to have
been furnished by his brother Andrew', became the busi-

T II E S () R Y O F P I T s (i i .11
ness associate of kloman, Phipps and Miller. In 18(14
Miller with Andrew Carnegie, Aaron G. Schiffler, J. L.
Piper, John C. Matthews and 'Thomas Pyeatte leased
property on 'Thirty-fourth Street, four blocks from the
Kloman-Phipps establishment, and built the Cyclops Imn
Works. 'Though ambitiously planned, this factory was
unsatisfactorily constructed. Strengthened and remodeled,
the Cyclops Iron Works through business
changes and successive improvements became the Upper
Union Alills. Similarly the Kloman-Phipps Iron City
Forges were metamorphosed into the Lower Union Alills.
In the shifting and transfers of interests in these properties,
Andrew (.'arnegie eventually obtained control.
At the Imn Citv Forge AA'orks. in 1868, was introduced
to the American imn trade the first "Universal"
rolling mill. 'This was constructed bv Kloman, with the
aid of John Zimmer, a recently arrived German emigrant.
It was capable of rolling plates from seven to twentyfour
inches wide, and from three-sixteenths of an inch
to two inches in thickness. 'Though small and unimportant,
compared with present structures, at that time it
was looked upon as possessing marvelous efficiency. Its
installation considerably increased the manufacturing
facilities of Kloman-Phipps & Co.
In the Spring of 1871 was begun the construction of
the famous Lucy Furnaces. These furnaces, in 1872,
began making iron at the rate of about 50 tons a day.
Almost immediately commenced a race with the rival
Isabella Furnaces, which were of the same size, and located
not far away. In the long continued struggle that
ensued was developed the utmost efficiency in furnaceproduction.
'The output in time increased to upwards
of 500 tons a da}-. The world was enriched by the inventions
of Whitwell, Curry and Kennedy. In pig-iron
production, Julian Kennedy deservedly won a worldwide
reputation. It has been said that "the Lucy Furnaces
represent the sum total of centuries of gradual
improvement—the very utmost that the human race can
do in iron-making craft." But the Carrie Furnaces, a
later creation of the Carnegie Company, now hold the
world's record.
So soon as the Lucy Furnaces were in successful
operation were planned the Edgar Thompson Steel
Works. On the old Braddock battleground was built.
under the supervision of Alexander L. Holley, an establishment
that grew to be the greatest of Bessemer steel
works. For the wondrous record afterwards made by
the Edgar Thompson Steel AA'orks, at least a part of the
credit is due to Captain William R. Jones, who for so
many years was superintendent of the plant, do his
ability to handle men and machinery, to his mechanical
genius, to the esprit de corps which he inspired, to the
organization which he effected, to his progressiveness,
to his untiring energy, the Carnegie Company owes unstinted
gratitude. "To Captain Jones is also due the
system of rewards for exceptional service which after­
wards characterized all the ('arnegie properties, and
which has been extended with beneficial effects to all
the constituent parts of the United States Steel Corpora­
tion."
'Though Superintendent [ones greatly improved and
facilitated steel-making, though under his guidance the
Edgar 'Thompson Steel Works again and again aston­
ished the world with its wonderful production, his greatest
success was the bringing out, from a mass of workmen,
the assistants who so ably seconded his efforts while
he lived, and after he had gone nobly carried mi the workon
a scale even more extended.
'The original Homestead and Duquesne plants were
not erected by the Carnegie interests, but by rivals.
After others bad built these establishments and failed to
make them pay, the works were acquired by the predecessors
of the Carnegie Steel Company. The story ol
their subsequent operation is summed up in the millions
upon millions of profits that these plants have paid.
While Carnegie and his associates were developing
steel manufacturing to an amazing extent, IT C. Frick
had performed a similar service for the American coke
industry. 'Through his holdings in coking coal lands,
through manufacturing the bulk of the best coke, Frick
by joining forces with the Carnegie interests greatly
enhanced the ownership of the steel plants. To unsurpassed
steel-manufacturing facilities was added a vast
and immensely valuable fuel supply in the form of coking
coal and natural gas. Another tremendous advantage
the Carnegie interests secured largely through the
efforts of Harry A\r. Oliver. A^ery cheaply the Carnegie
Company obtained immense deposits of the best quality
of Lake Superior imn ore. Though Andrew Carnegie
viewed disparagingly the opportunity thus thrust upon
the company, Trick was quick to perceive the splendid
possibilities contained in the proposition. Through
Frick's earnest recommendation the ore lands were
acquired.
Possessed of ore. fuel and manufacturing facilities,
the only link lacking in the chain designed to bind the
Carnegie interests to uninterrupted prosperity was transportation.
'This deficiency was advantageously obviated
by the energetic action of the company under Frick's
direction.
The Pittsburgh, Shenango & Lake Erie Railroad had
in 1895 the traditional "two streaks of rust and a right
of wav" from Pittsburgh to Conneaut Harbor. Secured
by the Carnegie interests, this railroad was substantially
rebuilt and put almost immediately mi a paying basis.
To-dav the "Bessemer & Lake Erie" is one of the most
successfully operated railroads in the country. At Conneaut
great ore docks were constructed. The Pittsburgh
Steamship Company, in the fleet of which was comprised
the finest ore carriers on the Lakes, was brought into
being under Carnegie auspices. The Union Railroad and
other extensions and track connections united more

I 32 ( ) Y 0 s U R G H
closelv the great industrial establishments. From the ore
fields in the Lake Superior region to the furnaces and
steel works in the Pittsburgh district the raw material
was transported at a minimum expense. As befitted the
greatest shipper of freight in the United States, the
Carnegie Company effected for itself in every department
the best of transportation facilities.
AA'hen merged with the United States Steel Corporation,
the various Carnegie properties were appraised at
approximately $450,000,000. 'The clear profits for the
preceding year were more than $40,000,000.
As a subsidiary of the United States Steel Corpora­
tion, the Carnegie Steel Company has made even more
efficient than formerly its internal organization. It has
increased and improved its producing capacity. It has
standardized steel production. The adjustments incidental
to the control of the "U. S. Steel," so far as the
operation of its works are concerned, have given to the
Carnegie Company greater advantages.
The works through which the Carnegie Steel Company
at present manifests its tremendous activity are:
Edgar Thompson AA'orks, Bessemer, Pennsylvania;
Duquesne AA'orks, Cochran, Pennsylvania; Homestead
Works, Munhall, Pennsylvania; Carrie Furnaces,
Rankin, Pennsylvania; Lucy Furnaces, Pittsburgh.
Pennsylvania; Isabella Furnaces, Etna, Pennsylvania;
Upper Union AA'orks, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Lower
Union A\rorks, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Howard Axle
AA'orks, Homestead, Pennsylvania; McCutcheon AVorks,
Allegheny, Pennsylvania; Painter AA'orks, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania: Clark AA'orks, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
Greenville AA'orks, Greenville, Pennsylvania; Monessen
AArorks. Mmiessen, Pennsylvania; New Castle AArorks,
New Castle, Pennsylvania; Sharon AA'orks, Sharon,
Pennsylvania; Columbus AA'orks, Columbus, Ohio;
Zanesville AA'orks, Zanesville, Ohio; Niles Works, Niles,
Ohio: Ohio Works, Youngstown, Ohio; Alingo AArorks,
Mingo Junction, Ohio; Bellaire AA'orks, Bellaire, Ohio;
LTpper LTnion AA'orks, Youngstown, Ohio; Lower Union
AA'orks, Youngstown, Ohio.
In the above named works are comprised: Fiftynine
blast furnaces, 8 Bessemer steel works with tS converters,
10 open-hearth steel works with 134 furnaces,
i) blooming, slabbing, billet and bar works with 25 mills,
4 rail mills, 3 plate works with 8 mills, 1 1 merchant
bar, boo]) and cotton tie works with 4(1 mills, 3 structural
shape works with 9 mills. 5 foundries, 1 armor
plant, 1 axle works, 2 bolt and rivet plants.
The officers of the Carnegie Steel Company are:
A. C. Dinkey, President: H. P. Bope. Vice-President;
AA'. \A'. Blackburn. Vice-President and Secretary; \A'. C.
McCausland, 'Treasurer; J. J. Campbell, Assistant Secretary;
AAr. R. Conrad, Assistant 'Treasurer.
When hardly more than a boy, A. C. Dinkey entered
the employ of the ("arnegie Company. Placed at the
very lowest round of the industrial ladder, by demon­
strated merit and hard work, he steadily climbed towards
the top. hi the machine shop and as an electrician he
displayed ability and proved his worth in a way that
eventually won for him the General Superintendency of
the Homestead Steel AA'orks. From that important post,
when his predecessor, AA'. E. Corey, was elected to the
Presidency of the Lnited States Steel Corporation,
Dinkey was promoted to be President of the Carnegie
Steel Company.
"Twenty-eight years ago H. P. Bope, wdio formerly
had been a stenographer for Senator Allen G. Thurman.
became an office man in the sales department of the company.
By efficient service he obtained promotion after
promotion, until he at last arrived in his present position.
Commencing with a clerkship in the Lower Union
Alills. in 1880, AA'. AA'. Blackburn by attention to duty
at length was recognized as one of the most capable of
Carnegie's younger partners. He has been A^ice-President
and Secretary of the Carnegie Steel Company since
the United States Steel Company was organized.
\V. C. McCausland began as an assistant bookkeeper
for the H. C. Frick Coke Company in 1887. Made
cashier of that corporation in 1S90, he transferred to a
similar position with Carnegie, Phipps & Co. As the
years went by his duties broadened and. there being no
question as to his ability, in 1899 he was appointed Assistant
Treasurer of the Carnegie Steel Company. The
changes incidental to the acquirement of the Carnegie
Company by United States Steel caused him to take
another step upward.
'The directors of the Carnegie Steel Company are:
E. H. Gary. AA". E. Corey, \V. B. Dickson, J. H.Reed,
A. C. Dinkey. H. P. Bope, AA'. AA'. Blackburn, AA'. H.
Singer, D. AT Clems.m, D. G. Kerr, AA'. C. McCausland
and 'Thomas Morrison.
DUQUESNE STEEL FOUNDRY COMPANY—
AA'hen the French troops by overwhelming numbers compelled
the surrender of the handful of English who were
erecting a fort at the forks of the Ohio in 1754, they
determined to complete the structure and call it Fort
Duquesne in honor of the governor of Canada. As a
result streets, towns, mills, banks, hotels, clubs, schools,
societies and many other institutions in and about Pittsburgh
bear the name "Duquesne," and one of the more
recent organizations of this character is the Duquesne
Steel Foundry Company.
'This company was established in October, 1899. by
a number of the best known business men of Pittsburgh
for the purpose of manufacturing steel castings of various
kinds, including cast steel-rolled car wheels, with extensive
works at Coraopolis. The officers of the com­
pany are: W. A. Herron, president; T. H. Bakewell,
vice-president and treasurer, and L. AA'. Frank, secretary.
'The directors are: AA". A. Herron, T. H. Bakewell, L.
W. Frank, A. W. Herron and Frederick Gwinner, Ir.

T II E S O Y O F I" R G II i53
The company's employees number about 700, while assists to decide battles on land and sea, the greater part
its capital and surplus amount to over $1,000,000. It of the world's steel output is, of course, fabricated for
enjoys exceptional shipping facilities from its plant at peaceful purposes. .Anciently, when manual labor ruled.
Coraopolis, which is on the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie was encountered a demand for a better quality of edged
Railroad, as well as the Ohio River, tts domestic trade tools. To-day, when machinery, driven at high speed
covers all parts of the United States, while its foreign by steam or electricity, has been substituted so largely
business extends to Canada and Mexico, in all of which for the workmen's hands, when, instead of wood, steel
territory there is a growing demand for the products is the material to which the tools are applied, much more
of this establishment. Many of the company's employees than ever before is it necessary that edged tools should
are skilled workmen, while its facilities in all ..flier direc- be made of steel of superlative quality. Approved steel
tions are excellent. for the manufacture of such took the Firth-Sterling
he )uquesne Steel Foundry Company is to-day Company supplies to the trade in large quantities. Their
barely nine years old, but it bears a name that has been
known in history for more than a century and a half.
To the pride and dignity attached to that name it has
been true from its earliest formation, conducting its immense
business upon the highest ideal
eals ami carrying the
quality is known and dealers insist upon having it.
( )f "high-speed steel," the Firth-Sterling "Blue
(hili," b' sa}' the least, is one of the best brands on the
market. For all sorts of high-speed cutting tools, such
as lathe tools, milling cutters and twist drills. "Line
reputation of this mighty phase of American industry Chi])" steel is unsurpassed. 'The company's brands of
with added honor throughout the world. regular tool steel are: "Firth-Sterling Special," "Firth's
Its officers, as already made evident, are men of the Best," "Firth-Sterling Extra" and "Sterling 'Tool Steel."
highest standing, experience and solidity. 'The company Highly specialized, manufactured with the greatest care,
has special products in which it is unexcelled, and its in order to adapt it particularly to the use for which it is
ample capital, admirable
plant, unusual facilities
and large f o r c e of
skilled mechanics h a v e
111 a d e it possible in a
-very short time to take
equal rank with companies
of far greater age.
It is organizations of
this kind that have been
the vital factors in the
f o r m a t i o n of Pitts­
burgh's fame and also that of American iron and steel.
THE FIRTH-STERLING STEEL COMPANY—
To succeed in one field is creditable; to win in another
confers further distinction; to be notably successful,
simultaneously, along different lines is a triumph of
effort that few men or companies often secure. It fol-
PLANT OF DUQUESNE STEEL FOUNDRY Co., McKEES ROCKS, PA.
required, each brand of
tool steel made by the
Firth - Sterling Steel
Company represents results,
the highest obtainable.
Expressed in this
tool steel is the best ex­
perience in steel-making.
Embodied in the manufacture
of this steel is
the knowledge gained
from thousands of
elucidating experiments. It is the outcome of about all
that England and the United States have contributed
to successful tool-steel making.
Not only in size, but in equipment and management,
the Firth-Sterling tool-steel plant at Demmler Station,
McKeesport, commands respect. In the far extended
factor}-, conveniently situated between the tracks of the
lows then that the Firth-Sterling Steel Company, espe- "Baltimore & Ohio" and the "Pittsburgh & Lake Erie"
daily celebrated not only for the manufacture of the best railroads, by improved methods, is produced the tool
tool steel, but also for the construction of the most
effective armor-piercing shells, is singularly fortunate
and doubly successful.
Since the artisans of ancient Damascus first gave to
warfare their famous swords, men have experimented
persistently with steel. In all ages, in various countries.
steel-makers have cherished their trade secrets. Most
steel that cuts its way, successfully, the world around.
Wherever the alert mechanic or operative is possessed
>>f the best cutting tools, there is Firth-Sterling tool steel
utilized.
'The other Firth-Sterling steel plant is located in the
District of Columbia. 'This busy institution has but one
customer. "Uncle Sam" has the first claim on the
important of all. perhaps, are some recent discoveries armor-piercing projectiles manufactured at Geisboro
that are jealously guarded. AA'hen the craftsmen of Manor. Repeated tests have proven that the Firth-
Damascus, 'Toledo and Milan were in turn the world's Sterling shell is more destructive to armor plate than
best steel-makers, about all the best steel was utilized any other. 'The Firth-Sterling Steel Company makes
in the manufacture of weapons and armor. Little, if projectiles for no other government but that of the
anv of it, went into tools of machiner. While steel still United States. I hese shells are made in sizes from the

'54 T O R Y O S B U R G H
"six-inch" upwards. In the production and finishing of
these shells a great deal of work is involved. Not only
is special material required, but every detail must be
completed with the greatest accuracy. 'The cost of a 12inch
projectile runs up into hundreds of dollars. But
thousands of them are bought for the United States
Navy. Only after the severest competition, in which the
respective merits of all armor-piercing shells offered were
thoroughly tested, not until incmitcstablv on the proving
ground it was demonstrated that the Firth-Sterling Steel
Company manufactured a superior projectile was the
first contract awarded. In view of eventualities the
United States desires always to be in a position to aug­
ment the superiority of American gunnery with the most
effective of all projectiles. 'The men behind the guns
must be able not only to hit the target, but to destroy it.
In the Firth-Sterling steel plants, necessarily, highly
skilled labor is employed. At Demmler and at Geisboro
Manor the company employs about 500 men.
'The general offices of the company are located in a
new brick building recently erected at the upper end of
the Demmler works. 'The officers of the company are:
Lewis J. Firth, President; Austin A. Wheelock, Vice-
President; Lben B. Clarke, 'Treasurer and General Manager,
and James E. Porter. Secretary.
Jones, Ingol.l & Co.. in 1874, established in Demmler
the Pitt Steel AA'orks. Subsequently the name of the
plant was changed to the "Crown Steel Works." By the
Sterling Steel Company, incorporated in 1885, with a
capital of $60,000. were acquired the Crown Steel
Works. In its early years the Sterling Steel Company
employed about 60 men, and its annual output approximated
3,000 tons of fine crucible tool steel. Limited
indeed was the production then, compared with the output
of the company to-.lav.
'The Firth-Sterling- Steel Company, which was organized
in 1896 to succeed the Sterling Steel Company,
was at the outset, to a certain extent, an international
combination. When the Firths, famous steel manufacturers
of Sheffield, England, decided to cross the Atlantic
ocean and locate in or near to the city of Pittsburgh,
a union of interests was effected with Sterling-
Steel Company.
From the point of view of manufacturing and shipping,
the site of the plant at Demmler is in every way
a most desirable mie. For the projectile factory Geisboro
Manor in the District of Columbia was selected for
various reasons, one of which was advantageous proximity
to the United States Naval Gun Foundry at Washington.
'Till-'. FORT PITT FORGE COMPANY—A business
that in seven years increased its capacity 700 per
cent. Such is the succinct record of the Fort Pitt Forge
('. niipanv.
Started in a modest way in [900, it was raised, by
the diligence and ability of the parties interested, to a
position of importance in the trade.
Rivets are utilized to such an enormous extent nowa­
days that the making of them has become almost a sep­
arate industry. To manufacture economically rivets
that will answer unfailingly the various requirements is
a task that calls for special machinery, experience and
skill. All of these are in evidence at the rivet manufac­
turing plant of the Fort Pitt Forge Company on Liberty
Avenue, near 'Twenty-sixth Street, Pittsburgh.
Only the best of material is used; all of the work is
carefully supervised, and the company's output is justly
acknowledged to be of a very high quality.
At the Fort Pitt Forge Company's plant about 200
men are employed. 'The company has a working capital
of $200,000.
'The officers of the company are: Thomas W.
Smith. President; William G. Costen, Secretary and
'Treasurer, and Joseph E. Mc.Alweese, Assistant Secretary.
By reason of the excellent showing it has made during
the seven years that it has been established, the Fort
Pitt Forge Company has attracted a greater amount
of favorable notice than its capitalization under ordinary
circumstances would obtain. But the success it
has achieved is all the more remarkable because it is of
the kind that not only increases, but endures.
THE FORT PITT MALLEABLE IRON COM­
PANY— It may be said that the industries in and around
Pittsburgh were favorable towards establishing a concern
of the scope and character of the Fort Pitt Malleable
Irmi Company. Tts main office and works are located
in the borough of Mckees Rocks, where in spite
of the ever increasing demand for its work its manufacturing
and shipping facilities are sufficient to accommodate
business of whatever magnitude which may
cmne to it.
At the organization of the company the capital was
$150,000. This has been increased from time to time,
until at the present time it is $500,000. 'There are no
unpaid obligations, and all accounts are met promptly
mi the 20th of each month. It employs an army of
four hundred men in its operations, and does an enormous
business, the sales of which aggregate more than
$1,000,000 per annum.
'The firm was formed in the fall of 1901, at which
time J. C. Reilly became president, and AT J. McMahon
general superintendent. 'The equipment at that time was
one ten-ton melting furnace, six annealing furnaces, and
one cupola. It was the intention to manufacture both
malleable and gray imn castings, but the gray iron industry
was dropped in the fall of 1905, and on May 3,
1906, the firm name was changed to Fort Pitt Malleable
Imn Company. 'The plant now has three fifteen-ton
furnaces and is having plans prepared for a fourth. The

II E S ( ( R Y O L k R G ri> 3
annealing capacity has also been increased to take care
of 2.000 tons a month. 'The foundry has been enlarged
by several additions, and the finishing and shipping end
is being doubled by the erection of a building of brick
and iron construction. 'The company owns eleven acres
of ground on Thompson Avenue in McKees Locks, more
than half of which is covered with buildings. 'The plant
enjoys shipping facilities on the P. & L. E. R. R., and mi
branches of the P. 1\. R.
The company has passed through many vicissitudes
during its in fancy and encountered more than the usual
number of obstacles in getting started, and it was not
until the summer of 1905 when the management was
changed and the capital increased that it emerged from
its embarrassments. Since that time its growth has been
steady and the business has shown a healthy increase.
'The success achieved bv the firm has been due to constant
efforts to please customers by furnishing the highest
grade of material and in meeting all obligations ac­
cording to promise.
As the business opportunities increase in this extremely
active territory, .and as the Fort Pitt Malleable
Iron Company has the reputation for turning out honest
and substantial work, there is not the least doubt of its
finding a continuous and appreciative market for its
products.
Frank L Lanahan is president of the company, Otto
F. Felix, vice-president; William A. Heyl. secretary; R.
L Davidson, treasurer; Geo. Booker, general foreman:
E. LI. Holmes, assistant general foreman.
THE HYDE WATER-TUBE SAFETY BOIL-
ERS—Imn and steel manufacturers, not only in the
United States, but also in Canada and England, have
tested most thoroughly the Hyde patent safety watertube
boiler for blast furnaces. Wherever used, the Hyde
boiler has been accorded approval. As a device for obtaining
increased power at reduced cost, it has achieved
constant and unquestioned success. In several plants.
worked night and day, continuously at double the capacity
for which they were designed, these boilers, never
failing to give good service, more than demonstrated
their safety. In numerous rolling mills, Hyde boilers
utilizing the waste heat of the furnaces make more than
sufficient steam to supply the power to operate all the
machinery, hi testifying to their efficiency, several large
users of Hyde boilers state that, though operated for
years, the boilers had never delayed the work for a
minute, nor cost a penny for repairs. A heating furnace
with a Hyde boiler attached will turn out the same
amount of imn. in the same time, with no greater consumption
of coal than if directly connected to a stack.
'The saving effected in a year will more than pay for the
boiler. For blast, heating or puddling furnaces or for
direct firing the Hyde boiler is a preferred appurtenance
in man}' plants.
First brought out in [893 by Hyde Brothers & ( o.,
who have their Pittsburgh offices in the Commonwealth
Building, the Hyde boiler has displayed its advantages so
effectively that it is now in use throughout America and
Great Britain.
JONES & LAUGHLIN STEEL CO.—As a
shipping clerk in the office of the "]Mechanics Line,'
B. F. |ones began, at the age of seventeen, in
[843 the business career that was afterwards so
successful. From the first he made himself so useful
that the way was paved for quick promotion.
Ere he attained his majority, Jones was the manaeer
of two lines of canal boats; besides this he was
eneaered in a general forwarding and commission business.
In 1K47 Jmies and kier acquire.1 a small furnace
and some forges near Armaugb. in Westmoreland
Cmmtv. 'The "Tariff of 1X4(1" offered no protection t
the American manufacturer; at that time all industries
languished; the Armaugh investment was not attended
with anv particular profit except that it initiated Jones
in the imn business. 'The real foundation for future
success was laid in [851 when B. F. Jones and Bernard
Lauth. an experienced imn worker, established in Pittsburgh
the American Imn Works. At the commencement
the firm was styled Jones. Lauth & Co. In 1855
the firm bought the Monongahela Imn AA'orks at Brownsville.
'The Brownsville mill was operated by Jones and
Lauth for about a year and then dismantled. I'art of
the machinery was brought to Pittsburgh. James
Laughlin. a capitalist who had great confidence in the
ability and foresight of Jones, entered the firm in 1854.
'The American Iron AA'orks were operated advantageously.
'The partners prospered. Having accumulated
what he deemed to be a competence, in 1857, Lauth retired.
'Thereafter the firm was known as Jones &
1 .aughlin.
In Pittsburgh, when the American Imn Works were
established, there were thirteen rolling mills having an
aggregate capitalization of about $5,000,000. These
mills employed 2,500 men, and worked up annually about
60,000 tons of pig imn. 'The value of the annual output
of the aggregation amounted to approximately
$4,000,000. Besides the rolling mills there were three
large and a number of small foundries, the estimated
worth of which was nearly $2,000,000. In these foundries
labored some 2,500 men who produced annually
articles to the value of about $4,000,000. 'Thus it is
shown that the total aim unit invested in all the mills and
foundries in Pittsburgh then was less than a quarter of
the present paid-up capital of the Jones & Laughlin Steel
Co.
In i860 were erected the first Eliza furnaces, hi subsequent
vears enlarged, rebuilt, improved and increased
in number, the Eliza furnaces to-day cmsist of fivestacks.
Numbers I, 2, 3 and 4 in dimensions are too

156 II S T 0 R Y O F T S lT R G H
by 22; "Number 5" is 85 by 19. Included in the equipment
are 20 Siemens-C. ivvper stoves, and three Melding
pig-iron casting-machines. 'The present annual capacity
of the Eliza furnaces is 935,000 tons of Bessemer and
basic pig imn. Molten metal from the Eliza furnaces
is used in the Bessemer converters and open-hearth furnaces
of the American Iron and Steel AA'orks.
'The Soho furnace, one stack, 80 x i, built in 1872,
remodeled in 18S8 and rebuilt in 1901, has four improved
Cowper stoves and an annual capacity of 120,000
tons of basic open-hearth and Bessemer pig iron. With
this furnace slag-granulating pits are connected.
The American Imn & Steel AA'orks, established in
1852, now comprises rolling mills, a cold-rolled and colddrawn
department, a spike, rivet and bolt department,
structural material fitting shops, a chain factory, iron
and steel foundries, and forge and machine shops.
'The up-to-date aggregation of heat, power and machinery
that has replaced the old rolling mill contains
2y heating furnaces, 24 trains of rolls (one 2-high 28inch,
one 2-high 38-inch, one 3-high 40-inch blooming,
one 3-high 28-inch billet, one 14-inch continuous billet,
three 28-inch structural, two 22. two id and two 13inch
bar, two 12, three 10, one 9 and four 8-inch guide ),
and three hammers.
The cold-mlled and cold-drawn department is supplied
with splendid facilities for the production of coldmlled
and cold-drawn steel rounds, squares, hexagons,
pentagons, flats, angles and zees in all the desirable sizes
to the amount of 30,000 tons of cold-mlled and 45,000
tons of cold-drawn steel annually.
hi the spike, rivet and bolt department are produced
structural and tank rivets, made either from Bessemer
or basic open-hearth steel, with buttonhead, countersunk,
cone or steeple head, of various lengths and from onehalf-inch
to one and one-half inches in diameter; also
special low-phosphorous basic open-hearth steel boiler
rivets; besides all sizes of standard railroad and pit railroad
spikes, boat, barge and dock spikes, and round and
square drift bolts. The output of this department
amounts to nearly 9,000 tons per annum.
'The structural material fitting shops, now being
moved from the South Side, Pittsburgh, to the site of the
old keystone Rolling Alill mi the north bank of the
Monongahela River, are equipped with special machinery
for fabricating all kinds of structural material. Columns,
floor framing and other requisites for "steel
skeleton" buildings can be turned out very rapidly.
hi the chain factory are made yearly over 10,000
gmss tons of chains. The variety of chains manufactured
are: iron and steel-pmof coil, B B, B B B, and
dredge chains; close and stud-link cable, railroad brake,
switch and safety chains; agricultural, conveyor, logami
binding chains; in sizes the machine-made, common
and crane chains range from three-sixteenths to fiveinch;
other chains run from one-half inch to two inches.
'The mie steel and the three iron foundries make an­
nually 5.400 tmis of steel castings, and 15,600 tons of
iron castings. 'The casting work in the iron foundries
is confined almost exclusively to the production of large
pulleys, sheaves, balance wheels, couplings, hangers and
the like, which are finished in the machine shops.
'The machine shops are especially designed for getting
out expeditiously and in large quantities all sorts of
power transmission machinery. In these shops are suc­
cessfully fabricated pulleys and balance wheels up to
30 feet in diameter.
In the forge department is given especial attention
to the forging of large shafts, either straight, bossed, or
with solid flanges. Other specialties are housing screws,
piston rods and connecting rods. Annually these steel
forgings aggregate 3,000 tons.
In the Bessemer steel works are three 10-gross-ton
converters. 5 cupolas, 53 soaking pits, and one 250-ton
metal mixer. 'The present annual capacity of these works
is 800,000 tons of ingots.
'The open-hearth steel department, which with additions
and improvements that will be ready, probably, for
operation in January, 1908, comprises one 25-gross-ton
acid, six 40-ton basic, and ten 250-ton Talbot basic openhearth
furnaces, and one 250-ton metal mixer. The
alterations and accessions make possible an output of
15,000 tons of acid ingots and 800,000 tons of basic
ingots yearly.
Worked up into steel bars, rails, plates, sheets, structural
shapes, billets, railroad splice bars and bolts, boat
and railroad spikes, machine and bridge bolts, chains,
railroad coupling links and pins, forging, cold-rolled
shafting, finger bars, hangers, pillow blocks and pulleys,
the Bessemer and open-hearth steel output annually
amounts to 1,200,000 tons of steel billets and blooms,
and 1,000,000 tons of finished material.
'The Soho department, built in 1859 and brought up
to date, as occasion required, is equipped with two Siemens
regenerative furnaces, ten Siemens regenerative
pit furnaces, and two trains of rolls (one 24 by 7-2, and
one 31 by 108-inch plate). 'The capacity of this department
is 150,000 tons of steel plates a year.
'The steel department at Soho now contains four 25gross-ton
basic open-hearth furnaces capable of producing
70,000 tons of ingots yearly.
'The combined annual capacity of the "American
Imn & Steel AArorks" and the "Bessemer Steel AVorks"
is 800,000 tons of Bessemer steel ingots, 625,000 tons
of open-hearth steel ingots, 1,200.000 tons of billets and
blooms, and 1,150,000 tons of plates, sheets, structural
shapes, railroad splice bars and other finished rolled
material.
'To this enormous total in the near future will be
added the output of the Alliquippa AA^orks now beingerected.
At Aliquippa, in Beaver County, on the south side

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158 () R A" 0 F S LT R G II
of the Ohio River, about 20 miles west of Pittsburgh,
on the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad, the Jones e\-
Laughlin Steel Co. acquired a tract of mie thousand
acres. On this property, now nearly completed, are
blast furnaces numbers 1, 2 and 5. Each furnace is
(jo by 22, and will have a capacity of 500 tons daily.
'The molten metal from these furnaces will be used in
the open-hearth steel furnaces, which the company is
erecting near by.
Adequate and advantageous supplies of raw material
in the form of Superior iron ore. coal, limestone and
natural gas, the Jones & Laughlin Steel Co. owns. I he
company is possessed of all the capital stock of the Interstate
Iron Company and the Leetonia Alining Company.
These companies hold, either through leases or
in fee, a number of mines on the Alesabi Range 111 the
Lake Superior region. The Jones & Laughlin Ore Co.,
which operates mines in the Marquette and Gogebic
Ranges, is entirely owned bv the Jones & Laughlin Steel
Co. At present the operated mines of the company are
yielding about 1,800.000 tons of ore a year. Besides
the above named properties, the Jones & Laughlin Steel
Co. has several large long-time ore contracts in the
Mesabi and Marquette Ranges. Jones and Laughlin
were the first of Pittsburgh manufacturers to use Superii
>r ore.
'The company did pioneer work, too, in the development
of the Connellsville coal fields. Now owned wholly
by the Jones & Laughlin Steel Co. is the A'esta Coal
Company, which has about 20,000 acres of valuable
coal lands in the fourth pool of the Monongahela River
in Washington County, Pennsylvania. From its mines
are extracted, annually, about 2,500,000 tons of coal.
To provide fuel for its furnaces, the company
operates in Pittsburgh 1,898 beehive ovens, which make
yearly 1,330,000 tons of coke. At Aliquippa, planned
to be built in the near future, are 900 beehive ovens,
which will have an annual capacity of about 487,000 net
tons of coke.
To secure natural gas, the company drilled its own
wells. The Jones & Laughlin bridge across the Monongahela
River and a short line of railroad connect advantageously
the company's works. 'The better to bring its
ore supply "down the Lakes," the Jones & Laughlin Steel
Co. acquired all the capital stock of the Interstate Steamship
Company, which owns the ore-carrying steamships
"L. F. fones" and "James Laughlin." 'These vessels,
numbered among the largest and best ore-carriers on the
Lakes, have each a capacity per trip of 10,000 tons. In
a Lake season thev will transport for the company about
450,000 tons of ore At the port of Ashtabula, Ohio,
the great Angeline docks, with their expeditious and
labor-saving appliances for unloading cargoes, are the
property of the Angeline Dock Company, all the stock
of which is owned by the Jones & Laughlin Steel Co.
The company also has a controlling interest in the Blair
Limestone Company, the principal assets of which are
85 acres of limestone land near Hollidaysburg, Pennsyl­
vania. From the Blair Company's quarries are taken
annuallv about 600,000 tons of limestone.
'Though capitalized at $30,000,000, the Jones &
Laughlin Steel Co. is practically a close corporation.
Scarcely at anv price could an outsider buy a share of
its stock. When full of years and honors B. F. Jones
and lames Laughlin passed away, their places in the
offices of the company were assumed by their sons. The
present officers of the Jones & Laughlin Steel Co. are:
1!. F. [ones, Jr.. President; AA'illis S. king, Vice-President
and General Sales Agent; William Larrimer Jones,
Vice-President and (ieneral Manager; James B. Laughlin.
'Treasurer: William C. Moreland, Secretary; Thomas
k. Laughlin, Assistant Secretary, and Wendell Hook,
Auditi >r.
'The general offices of the company are located on
'Third Avenue and Ross Street, Pittsburgh. 'The new
Cones & Laughlin Office Building, now being erected, is
a handsome steel structure of height and proportions
befitting the dignity and importance of the company.
On Lake and Canal Streets. Chicago, the company maintains
a branch office and a large warehouse. Other
branch offices are at 220 Broadway, New York; 131
State Street, Boston; in the AA'hite Building, Buffalo;
Union 'Trust Building, Cincinnati; Arcade Building.
Philadelphia; Fourth National Lank Building, Atlanta,
and ('mcker Building, San Francisco.
In its relations with labor, in all the eventful years
of its history, the great Jones and Laughlin enterprise
has been notably free from friction. Alanifest fairness
on the part of employers usually evokes from employees
proper appreciation. Characterized always by good
sense and sound business judgment, the Jones & Laughlin
management invariably has been such as to secure
from the workmen hearty and faithful co-operation. At
the Jones & Laughlin works was developed the idea that
wages should bear a certain relation to the selling price
ol the article produced. 'The "sliding scale" that was
introduced as the result of the working out of this
theory has been accepted as one of the most just and
equitable arrangements that could be entered into by
and between capital .and labor.
The election in 1884 of B. F. Jones, Sr., to the presidency
of the American Imn & Steel Association was
not only a tribute to the ability and character of the head
of the enterprise, but also an expression of the high
appreciation of the efficient and most praiseworthy manner
in which were carried on the mighty works of Jones
& Laughlin. As steel manufacturers, Jones & Laughlin
have been more than abreast of the times.
'THE kIDl) BROTHERS & BURGHER STEEL
\\ IRE CO.—'The kidd brothers were born in England.
In their father's factory at Rarnslev, near Sheffield, thev

T H E S () R Y 0 F I' I T T S U R G i 59
learned the trade of wire-drawing. Prior to coming to
America, William kid.l worked for a while in the famous
Sheffield establishment of Peter Stubs.
'The son of Dr. J. C. Burgher, who for forty years
was one of Pittsburgh's leading physicians, Rutherford
Burgher is a Pittsburgher by birth. After graduating
fmm the Pittsburgh High School he took a post grad­
uate course in chemistry at the AA'estern University of
Pennsylvania. His first work was that of a clerk in the
money order department of the local post-office. 'Then
he secured a position with Miller, Metcalf & Parkin as a
shipping clerk at the Crescent Steel AA'orks. From a
clerkship to the position of foreman of the forge he was
promoted. Later he was made superintendent of the
wire mill, which situation he held for over six years.
On October 15, 1885, Edwin Kidd, William Kidd
and Rutherford Burgher formed a co-partnership called
the kidd Steel AA'ire Gniipanv.
In I larmarvillc, in Allegheny County, belonging to
the Denny Estate was an old, disused flour mill, which
formerly had been operated by water power. In the
old mill the new company installed a boiler secured from
a sunken steamboat. To the resurrected boiler was attached
a rehabilitated engine with a wooden fly wheel.
From designs made by William kidd was constructed
an annealing furnace. Edwin kidd. the expert worker
in tool steel, devised improvements on the English methods
of drawing polished wire. AA'ith mie wire-straightening
bench, one wire-drawing bench, and a capital
amounting to, not quite, $1,500, with two employees, the
three partners commenced operations. In the old mill,
thus fitted up at Harmarville, was made the first Ameri­
can polished-steel drill rod.
At that time practically all the fine steel wire used in
watch-making and in the construction of dental machinery,
typewriters and the like, was imported.
ddie first large user of this steel to be convinced oi
the superiority of the American product was the wellknown
Waltham Watch Company. 'The watch steel
made bv the kidd Steel AA'ire Company proved so satisfactory
in every way that the president of the Waltham
Company, in a paper read before the Watchmakers' Association,
stated that the American drill rod was demonstrated
to be superior to the imported English article.
A large New A'ork importing house was the next
to take up the kidd polished drill rod instead of "Stubs'."
In three vears the company's business grew beyond
the capacity of the old mill in Harmarville. A larger
factory was secured in Sharpsburg. Six years of pros­
perity made the Sharpsburg factory inadequate. An
eligible location was purchased in McKees Rocks, and
there a new and improved plant was erected. On June
2, 1902. a burglar dynamited the company's safe, and
the explosion burst a gas pipe in the office. This caused
a fire which resulted in the entire destruction of the factory.
Lmdiscouraged by the loss of its plant, the com­
pany acquired an advantageous site in Alliquippa, where
the present modern brick factory, of slow-burning construction,
protected bv an improved sprinkler system,
was built.
In 1895 Edwin kidd withdrew from the firm, and
his two brothers. Walter and Harry, were admitted. In
that year the company was incorporated under the laws
of Pennsylvania as the kidd Brothers & Burgher Steel
AA'ire Co. Subsequently Harry Kidd died, and successively
the interests of William kidd and Walter kidd
were acquired by Rutherford Burgher.
'The present officers of the kidd Brothers & Burgher
Steel AA'ire Co. are: Rutherford Burgher, President;
Howard Flinn, A'ice-President: C. R. Burgher. 'Treasurer,
and Joseph E. Wilson, Secretary. 'The Directorate
of the company is constituted as follows: Rutherford
Burgher, Howard Flinn, IT W. Sutton. E. C. AT
Christiansen and C. R. Burgher.
'The nicety and exactitude of the company's work is
intimated when it is stated that a polished drill rod demands
a nickel finish: it must be sized, accurately, within
one-half of the thousandth part of an inch; it requires
a high tempering quality, and also must be free-cutting
s that it mav be worked in an automatic screw machine.
'The principal manufactures of the company are
classified as follows:
Special drill rods, polished watch wire, polished pinion
wire, soft screw wire, square drill rods, crucible
drill rods, roller-bearing rods, gun screw rods, dental
octagon rods, special shape mils, superior black steel,
polished needle wire, crucible needle wire, latch needle
wire, spring needle wire, coiled cast steel wire, annealed
special tool steel.
In the manufacture of polished drill rods, tool steel
wire and special drawn shapes for small twist drills, taps,
reamers, punches, dental tools, watch parts, typewriter
parts and essentials of electrical appliances, the kidd
Brothers & Burgher Steel AA'ire Co. is unequalled.
'The company's steel is distinguished by its high
temper, dense structure and fine grain. It analyzes lower
in phosphorus and sulphur than any other steel on the
market. A special process secures for it unrivaled uniformity
of quality and temper.
Its trade-mark, the "'Three Kids," is the symbol of
the highest excellence. The products of the company
are used and appreciated the world around.
'The ability displayed in the production of the company's
specialties has been rewarded by greatly extended
trade. Though the total capital of the company at the
beginning was but scant $1,500. the annual sales now
amount to more than a quarter of a million. 'The business
that started with but two employees now gives employment
to 118 skilled workmen.
'That a factory in the Pittsburgh district has been
so successful in work of such a delicate and exactingnature;
that parties here, by their own unaided efforts,

i6o S T () R Y O S U R G H
cmild surpass the best workmanship of Europe; that
the superiority of the American product should Tie so
amply proven are certainly occasions for the manifesta­
tions of honest pride. Optimum non minis bonum est.
THE KITTANNING IRON & STEEL MANU­
FACTURING CO.—In substantial prosperity may be
perceived the success that comes from good management.
'The efficiency of the officers and directors of the
kittanning Iron & Steel Manufacturing Co. is more than
satisfactorily attested by the excellent results this pro­
gressive corporation has invariably achieved.
Originally known as the kittanning Iron Company.
Lim., organized on November 5, 1879, it had for its
first officers: James Mosgrove, Chairman; Charles T.
Neale, General Manager; Henry king, General Superintendent,
and Henry A. Colwell, Secretary and Treas­
urer.
Capitalized at $150,000, it began business in Kittanning
by buying the old rolling mill there that had been
built in 1848. 'This mill was remodeled and again started
up in 1880. In June, 1880, a new blast furnace, 65 feet
high by 14^ feet bosch, was blown in; then operating
on native ore. this furnace had an annual capacity of
30,000 tons. Now using Lake Superior ores and increased
power, this same furnace is producing 60,000
tons a year.
Incorporated in July, 1904, under the laws of the
State of Pennsylvania as the Kittanning Iron & Steel
Manufacturing Co.. its present capitalization is $400,-
000. Besides its offices at the works at Kittanning, the
company maintains an office in Pittsburgh.
AV. N. KRAT/ER & CO.—Outside of the contracts
accepted in this citv the Kratzer AA'orks fabricated and
made ready for erection all the structural steel for Curry
& Co.'s department store, the First National Bank Building,
a grain elevator with elevated connecting bridges,
and a ten-story office building, all in Minneapolis, Minnesota;
a paper mill in Ohio, which contract called for
1,000 tons of structural steel; several large cement plants
on the Pacific Coast; mine and mill buildings for Utah
copper companies; the building of the Bessemer steel
plant at Sydney, Cape Breton Island, Canada; a sugar
refinery in Cuba, and a large pontoon for a dredging
company in South America.
In Pittsburgh, in addition to the other work mi hand.
AA'. N. Kratzer & Co. are fabricating the structural steel
and are otherwise associated with the erection of the
seven-story mercantile building at Twenty-sixth and
Carson Streets on the South Side.
The Kratzer establishment not only takes large contracts,
but it does special work, undertakings that call
for the utmost accuracy and precision. This feature of
the kratzer ability is attested by the construction of the
three steel domes of the Allegheny Observatory. 'The
largest of these domes is 62 feet eight inches in diameter;
the structural steel in it weighs 130 tons, yet it is ad­
justed with microscopic accuracy and moves on its rollers
smoothly and easily. The other domes are smaller, but
not less perfectly constructed. By \\r. N. Kratzer & Co.
also were built two steel domes for the observatory of
Amherst University, at Amherst, Massachusetts.
'The plant at 3212-5230 Smallman Street, an aggre­
gation of busy and well-equipped workshops giving em­
ployment to 120 men. is owned by W. N. Kratzer, who
carries on his business under the designation of W. N.
kratzer & Co.
Founded in 1897, the kratzer establishment, by
virtue of being well conducted, in a decade has risen to
its present flourishing condition.
LA BELLE IRON AA'ORKS, Steubenville. Ohio
—'The immensity of the imn and steel industry is
11. it entirely expressed in statistics. Its importance is
greater than the amount of money invested. The total
tonnage does not represent all of the output. Nor is
its acceleration measured exactly according to the number
of men employed. Its magnitude attains to the
fourth dimension. Mathematics are inadequate for the
ascertainment of the true value of the capitalization and
utilization of resources and opportunities that practically
extend from the ore-yielding earth to the utmost limitation
of human endeavor. Iron and steel can not be
disassociated from civilization. In the making of iron
and steel and in the use of them is exemplified the
progress of nations. In steel production and allied industries
the United States now leads the world. The
acknowledgment then that the company is a considerable
factor (one that is always accorded consideration because
its size and possibilities will not permit it to be
ignored) in the iron and steel trade of the country, is
strong, undeniable recognition that asserts and emphasizes
the importance of La Belle Iron AVorks.
Rightly classed among the very large imn and steel
concerns of the United States, La Belle Iron AA'orks
possess a prestige much greater than is indicated by the
capitalization. A company that has grown from comparative
inconspicuousness to national prominence must
have in its composition all the elements of success. A
company that has been favorably known in the iron business
for over 50 years is apt to be pretty well established.
Though the company may pride itself a little on
the history it has helped to make in the development of
manufacturing in the Ohio Valley, it derives more satisfaction
from the results it is securing to-day. Though
it enjoys the benefits passing years have conferred on
it in the form of enhanced distinction and commercial
standing—it draws the dead line mi everything that
savors of antiquated methods or deterioration. AVide
attention is attracted to the company bv the efficiency of
its administration.

t h e S T O R Y O T T s i: u G II 161
From the mining of the materials to the shipping of
the finished product, the company's arrangements could
scarcely be improved upon. In its mineral lands in Min­
nesota are deposits of iron ore sufficient to last the company
many years, even though the present annual out­
put of La Belle Iron AArorks should be considerably enlarged.
In Fayette County, Pennsylvania, the company
has extensive coal properties and a large number of cokeovens.
It mines its own coal. Such good use is made
of electric mining and hauling appliances that mice the
coal is loaded mi cars in the mines, the services of a
shovel are uncalled for; all the coke required for the
blast furnaces is made in the coke ovens of the company.
Steubenville, Ohio, with its numerous and excellent
railroad connections, is an especially convenient
shipping point; in other respects, too, Steubenville is
admirably adapted to be the location of an industrial
enterprise of the size and diversity of La Belle Iron
AArorks. In addition to procuring for the company all
the advantages which the thriving Ohio citv affords. La
Belle Imn AA'orks have another stronghold in Wheeling,
AA^est Virginia.
In the city of Wheeling (Virginia, then), nine years
before the Civil AA'ar commenced, and more than a decade
prior to the admission in the Union of the State
of West Virginia, were established La Belle Iron AArorks.
At the inception of the business, away back in 1852, of
course no one ever dreamed that the company would
ever grow to be what it is to-day, nevertheless the foundations
for future greatness were well laid, ddie original
plant consisted of puddling furnaces, skelp mills and
large facilities for the manufacture of cut nails. In
1892 to the AA'heeling enterprise was added a large, mod­
ern tin-plate plant. Some years ago the tin-plate plant
was sold to the American Tin-Plate Company, and after­
wards became a part of the assets of the UJnited States
Steel Corporation. At Wheeling, braving the vicissitudes
of fiftv years. La Belle Imn AA'orks prospered. Eventually
the puddling furnaces were removed, but the skelp
mills and the nail factory, thoroughly remodeled and
brought up to date, are still owned and actively, profitably
PLANT OF LA BELLE IKON WORKS, STEUBENVILLE, olllo
operated bv the company. 'The average daily output of
the Wheeling branch of La Belle Imn AA'orks is 250
tons of skelp. nail and tack plate, and 1.000 kegs of
nails.
AA'hen the old Jefferson Imn AA'orks of Steubenville
experienced reverses and fell into the hands of a receiver.
La Belle Iron Works corporation made a very
advantageous purchase. Soon after the property was
transferred the antiquated Jefferson Alills were torn
down. It was planned that La Belle Imn AA'orks at
Steubenville should be mie f the most notable and bestequipped
plants in America. Into the plans, finally decided
upon, were combined about all that science could
devise or past experience in the iron and steel business
suggest in the way of improvement. Faithfully, inexorably,
at great expense, those plans were carried out
to the most minute detail. Admittedly the results
achieved more than justify the expenditures of time and
money incurred.
At Steubenville the company secured a tract of about
j^, acres, considerably more than half of which is now
covered by various plants. At present La Belle Iron
AA'orks consist of two blast furnaces of a capacity of
from 800 to 900 tons of pig-iron daily: nine 60-ton basic
open-hearth furnaces which pn iduce every 24 hours more
than 1.400 tons of raw steel; a "45-inch blooming mill"
for the conversion of steel into "billets and slabs"; a
universal or continuous mill for the manufacture of universal
plates; an 84-inch sheared plate mill, which will
turn mit plate up to about /2 inches wide; and last, but
not least, the tube works fully equipped to make a complete
line of black and galvanized merchant pipe from
one-eighth of an inch to twelve inches in diameter, as
well as the principal sizes of line pipe and casing. As
accessories to the above there are thoroughly equipped
blacksmith, carpenter, electrical, plumbing and pattern
shops: a foundry; an electric light and power plant; a
storehouse; well arranged and plentifully supplied chemical
and physical laboratories; an enormous ore dock;
trackage and rolling stock in which is included ten locomotives;
thus is hinted at. rather than declared, the

102 T II F S T O R Y " I
how much mav be covered by a brief description, but
to the outsider, in fact to the average man who professes
to be fairly well informed on most subjects, what is
accomplished in a great plant like La Belle Iron Works
is so wondrous as to seem almost inconceivable.
The mythological genius who forged Jove's thun­
derbolts is out.lmie by modern 'Titans. Could Vulcan,
whom the ancients worshiped as the deitv of the iron and
steel industry, endowed with all his fabled powers, visit
earth to-day, he would shrink back aghast, dazed, puzzled
into stupefaction by the sights with which he would be
confronted. In the red glare of fierce fires at La Belle
Imn AA'orks he would see heated, incessant, ponderous,
well-regulated activity. Aided by steam and electricity,
man's ingenuity has infused into massive machines and
might}' appliances appalling power and unerring precision.
With machine-like regularity these wonder-workers
without difficulty accomplish tasks above and beyond
the ability and strength that the imagination of
Homer gave to the gods of Greece.
Perhaps a more adequate idea of what is done at the
Steubenville La Belle Iron AVorks could be obtained by
having recourse to arithmetic instead of using figures of
speech. 'Though for the purpose of computation is taken.
not a year, nor a month, nor vet a week, but just one
day, the figures run up into hundreds, yes, thousands of
tons. Itemized the average daily output is as follows:
Pig iron 850 gross ti uis
Basic open-hearth steel ingots 1,400
Billets and slabs 1,100
Sheet bars 700
Universal plates 450
Sheared plates 400 "
Basic open-hearth and Bessemer steel
skelp 250
Merchant pipe 250
Line pipe and casing 150
Sheets, black and galvanized 200
Multiply the prodigious results of one day's work
by the number of working days in a year, and the annual
production is shown to lie—a total unthinkable, in
the imn and steel business, fifty vears ago. What a
pyramid could be made with the heaped-up millions and
millions of tons of steel ingots! 1'laced end on end,
how far would those millions of tons of slabs and bars
extend? If all the pipe manufactured by the company
in a year was used, to what distance could be carried
a continuous line of pipe? Spread out mi the ground,
what area would be covered by the aggregated sheets?
Anv clever mathematician could answer these questions,
but is uncertain that his explicit statements would
S B U R G 11
dimensions of the enterprise. The mere enumeration secure of proper comprehension of the capacity of the La
the subdivisions and supplements is sufficient to evoke Belle Iron AA'orks.
the appreciation of the expert; those familiar with the In reckoning on the output of La Belle Iron Works,
steel business, as at present conducted, will easily realize quality even more than quantity must be considered. At
Steubenville the company has installed eleven new finish­
ing mills designed for the manufacture of light plates
and black galvanized sheets. 'Through these mills the
company is enabled to sell practically its entire steel
output in the finished form instead of marketing a por­
tion of it in a semifinished state. 'The sheets manufac­
tured by the La Belle Imn AA'orks unquestionably are
equal, if not superior, to anv now on the market. Not
for one product alone does the company possess a highly
desirable reputation. Making with zealous care high-
grade open-hearth steel, the company, keenly conscious of
the advantages and benefits that accrue to concerns that
continually demonstrate beyond anv doubt the superior
quality of their output, spares neither expense nor effort
in the attainment of the best. That it can and does all
the time produce steel of admittedly superior quality is
well recognized.
On turning from the physical to the financial side of
the enterprise the same portentous magnitude is found.
La Belle Iron AA'orks are capitalized at $7,500,000.
Even in these times of gigantic undertakings it is an
unusually large corporation. The respect which its size
commands is increased by the character of the investments
which stock in the company represents. The
nature and extent of its assets, as well as its ability to
pay, regularly, substantial dividends more than justify
the present capitalization. In this respect the company
occupies a proud eminence. Not every corporation that
has an imposing sum named as its capitalization can
show, in proportion to the amount of stock issued, holdings
of such evident value. The money put into the La
Belle Iron Works and appurtenant properties was most
judiciously invested. 'The immense plant at Steubenville
in its entirety is of the best modern construction. Nothing
about it may be stigmatized as a drawback or a deficiency.
La Belle Iron AA'orks, completely equipped with
the most approved labor-saving, cost-reducing devices,
supplied with unexcelled facilities, need fear no competitor.
Possessing iron and coal mines and makingits
own coke it is now in a position not only to deliver
an immense output of acknowledged quality, but also
to produce the same under conditions that make for
pmfit.
Constantly employed by La Belle Imn AA'orks are
about 5,000 men. Every month the company's expenditures
for labor amount to more than a quarter of a
million dollars.
'The importance of the company, the prosperity and
success it has attained, make very evident the ability and
good judgment of the men who guide and direct its
affairs. The positions which they occupy impose upon
them vast and varied responsibilities. But the world

II s ( ) R A" O s B U R G 163
is assured by the excellent progress the company is mak- suits. For locomotive staybolts its "A ulcan X N. being
of the fitness and capacity of the officers and directors ing equal at least to the best grades of imported iron, is
of La Belle Iron AA'orks. Manifestly the company, despite
its resources and opportunities, would not be so
great as it is, if the other adjuncts of greatness were
not complemented by great management. 'The officers
of the company are Isaac AT Scott, President; W. D.
Crawford, Vice-President and Gen­
eral Manager; 11. D. Mitchell, Secretary;
R. C. kirk, 'Treasurer, and
L IT Gilmore, Assistant Treasurer
and Auditor. On the company's
Board of Directors are Isaac AI.
Sett. AA'. I). Crawford, I). J. Sin­
clair, AA". S. Foltz, George Creer,
H. C. Franzheim, W. IT Ilearne,
N. E. Whitaker, A. IT Woodward,
Edward Hazlett and J. J. Hollo-
TfTrTfJfTfJJSfS-'rrts'-rfftfjrSff'
F 2 F
r r r
way.
So good is the established demand
for products of the company
that nearly all of the output of the La Belle Imn Works
is marketed at home. 'The export trade of the company
has not been specially catered to in any manner.
1* ft f ;:: f f
FH" p W \*\ F P"
THE LOCKHART IR( >N & STEEL CO.—Among
the great industrial establishments of the Pittsburgh
district the Lockhart Iron & Steel Co. occupies a prominent
place. Operating what is probably the largest inde­
pendent in m mill in the
country, and producing
iron of a quality acclaimed
frmn Maine to
California for its excellence,
this stron g.
well-managed c nicern
adds year by .year to its
prestige and annually
discovers an increasing
demand for its output.
Organized in [890,
the company acquired
the Vulcan Forge &
Iron AA'orks at McKees
Rocks, Pennsylvania,
and proceeded to make
OFFICE ol' THE LOCKHART IRON & STEE1
CO., McKEES ROCKS, PA.
a specialty of hi g herade
iron suitable for plant of the lockhart ikon & steel co
work requiring material
of superior quality. "No belter iron made" is
the verdict which the iron trade everywhere has ac­
corded to the "Vulcan Brand" of the Lockhart Iron
& Steel Co. For engine bolts, and for similar pur­
poses where the greatest care must be exercised to
secure material of absolute reliability, the company's
"Vulcan Special" is largely used with the best re-
alvvavs in great demand. 'The company turns out also
arge quantities of high-grade refined iron well adapted
to general blacksmithing purposes, but cheaper in price
than the brands named above. 'The hexagon iron and
steel which the company manufactures in size from
three-eighth inch to three and one-
_ : •
eighth inches in quality is the best
obtainable. To its list it has recently
added octagons in both iron
and steel. In square root iron
angles, which are used largely
where steel angles can not be utilized,
the company has an extensive
and continually growing trade. Its
output of angles, in both iron and
steel, comprises square root, fillet
and mund backs. Besides its specialties
the company manufactures
all kinds of bar. band and grooved
imn. With respect to materials used, methods employed
or workmanship shown in its products, the Lockhart
Steel & Imn Co. is second to none. Its steady desire,
aim and ambition is to achieve the best. 'The reputation
which the company has sustained for years proves that
neither in intent nor fulfilment has there been a falling
off frmn the high standard established.
'The better to supply the demands made upon it by
old and new customers,
the company recently
erected an additional
mill of large capacity
and equipped it with
the most a p prove d
111 ode r 11 appliances.
Even the enlarged facilities,
however, were
exceeded by the orders
that poured in. The
mill can scarcely keep
up with the requisitions
made for its products.
( die of the first of
Pittsburgh's great capitalists,
(.diaries Lock­
hart. frmn the date of
incorporation up to the
time of his demise, was
the president and leading stockholder of the Lock­
hart Imn & Steel Co. Upon the death of Air.
Lockhart. his son. |. AI. Lockhart. succeeded to the
presidency. The Secretary and 'Treasurer. T. J. Gillespie,
is and has been since its organization in charge of
its business. 'The Vice-President of the company,
AA'. AT McKelvey, who is also at present the Presi-

164 s ( ) R Y O S B U R G- H
dent of the Alpha-Portland Cement Company, was formerly,
for a number of years, in charge of the Standard
Oil Company's extensive interests in Pittsburgh. On the
directorate of the company are J. AT Lockhart, James
II. Lockhart, AA". AI. McKelvey, J. W. Hubbard and
T. J. Gillespie. 'The company's purchasing and sales
agent is J. AT Gillespie, and Samuel Poster is superintendent
of the mills that give work to about 1,000 men.
In addition to this stmng board of officers and directors
it has another and an almost unique distinction in
its absolute independence. Upon this fact it most naturally
prides itself.
"Idie Lockhart Imn & Steel Co. is not associated with
anv "'Trust" or any other corporation. Possessed of
ample resources, certain of its trade, it stands alone mi
its merits. Being the embodiment of progress in the
iron business, representing as it does the best traditions
of the industry that has made Pittsburgh prosperous and
famous, the company
through the wide distribution
of its superior
products has gained a
distinction and a reputation
of which any
corporation however
large would be proud.
To have such fame attached,
deservedly, to
the company i s o f
more importance than
any glory conferred bv
the 111 ere items of
tonnage and capitalization.
'The recognition
gained, the results
t h a t h a v e bee 11
achieved, s p e a k eloquently
in praise of
excellent management. That management has no rival
even among companies that have, perhaps, a more worldwide
fame. This is a point that is generally conceded.
THE McCONWAY & TORLEY CO.—A large
manufacturing concern which for many -years has been
a thoroughly representative one in its line and has contributed
very largely to Pittsburgh's reputation for in­
dustrial supremacy, is the McConway & Torley Co.,
whose extensive plant is located at Forty-eighth Street
and the Allegheny Valley Railroad, Pittsburgh, Pa. At
this location the company has excellent shipping facilities
by both rail ami river, the one acting as a check
upon the other and guaranteeing fair freight rates.
The company is engaged in the general manufacture
of malleable and steel castings, while it is the sole manufacturer
ot the "Janney" coupler for passenger and
freight cars, and of the "Kelso" and "Pitt" couplers for
freight cars only. It is a familiar fact in railroad his­
tory and development that this company was the original
promoter ami manufacturer of the "M. C. B." type of
coupler which is now in universal use on the railroads of
this country. 'The original coupler of this class was the
"Janney," which has been made exclusively by this com­
pany as well as the "Kelso," the "Pitt" and the "Janney
N" couplers, embodying later developments and improve­
ments. 'This concern also manufactures exclusively the
"Buhmip 3-stem equipment" designed especially for use
mi passenger equipment.
'The universally high standing of Pittsburgh's steel
and imn products is in no instance better exemplified or
illustrated than in the output of the McConway & Torley
Co., and this output enjoys a reputation at home and
abroad which could not afford to be sacrificed by putting
anything of an inferior quality upon the market.
'The officers of this company are experienced business
m e n w h o carefully
guard its interests and
at the same time look
after the interests of
their patrons as well as
themselves. Thev regard
mutual satisfaction
as between the
manufacturer and the
trade essential to lasting
success. These officers
are: Wm. Mc-
Con w a y, president;
Stephen C. Mason,
secretary; E. M. Gr< >ve,
treasurer; AA'm. Mc­
Conway, Jr., superintendent,
and G. W.
•LAXT OF Till-; LOCKHART [RON & STEEL CO., McKEES ROCKS. PA.
McCandless, auditor.
Mr. McConway, the
head of this enterprise, is well known not only in Pittsburgh
business circles, but as a highly public-spirited and
representative citizen who has given much time and
thought to the civic advancement of the community. He
has served with unselfish interest and effectiveness on a
number of commissions appointed to solve various civic
and municipal problems, and has received the thanks of
his fellow-citizens. Perhaps his greatest work, although
as yet unfinished, has been as chairman of the Carnegie
Institute board of trustees' committee charged with devising
the plan and scope of the great Carnegie Technical
schools and erecting the buildings for that institution.
'Tins work, which is now well advanced and the schools
now open, has admittedly been done with such rarely
exacting care and intelligence that Pittsburgh will soon
have one of the greatest "tech" schools in the worldthanks
to Air. Carnegie's millions, and the watchful
interest of AA'm. McConway and his colleagues.

T H E S T () R A' ( ) p p j -r -|- S q rj R (; || ,65
THE MARSHALL FOUNDRY COMPANY- Company. In order that one may properly understand
The Marshall Foundry Company was established Jan- how stupendous such a demand must be, it is only necesuary
i, 1905, with AA . AT McCulloch president and gen- sary to see how great is the capacity of each of these
era! manager, and Richard Muse as foundry superin- companies, to ascertain casually the size and extent of
tendent. their facilities, to be posted somewhat concerning their
I he company produces ingot molds and heavy iron works and resources.
castings of all descriptions, having a capacity of 250 tons 'The names and locations of the principal works of
per day. I he employees of the company number from the three companies are as follows:
250 to 300. "This company is the lessee of the old-estab- National 'Tube Company—Youngstown AA'orks,
lishe.l Marshall Foundry, which was previously operated Youngstown, Ohio; Steubenville Works, Steubenville,
by 'Thomas Marshall, deceased. Its cash capital of Ohio; Riverside Works, Benwood, West Virginia; Penn-
8150,000 is fully paid in. sylvania Works, Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania; Continental
"The location of the plant is ,,n the Buffalo & Alle- AA'orks, Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania; National Works,
gheny Valley division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, al McKeesport, Pennsylvania: U. S. Seamless AA'orks.
Twenty-eighth Street, and has direct railroad connec- Christy Park, Pennsylvania; American Works, Aliddletion
with both the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore and town, Pennsylvania; .Allison Works. Philadelphia,
Obi., railroad systems. Pennsylvania: Syracuse AA'orks. Syracuse. New York.
'The Marshall foundry's trade is confined to the The National 'Tube Company—Lorain AA'orks, Lol
nited States and Canada. 'The class of products man- rain, Ohio.
ufactured by this company includes ingot molds ami Shelby Steel Tube Company—Albany Works, Albeavy
imn castings of all descriptions as follows: Col- bany, Indiana; Shelby Works, Shelby, Ohio; Greenville
umns, bases, hoppers, bells, hearth jackets, cooling Works, Greenville, Pennsylvania; Elwood AA'orks, Elplates,
lintels, sills, door jambs, wheel guards, trench- wood City. Pennsylvania: Standard Seamless AA'orks.
cover plates, etc. Elwood City. Pennsylvania; Hartford Works. Hartford.
It also makes a specialty of all classes of cylinder Connecticut.
work for condensing and heating systems, filters and Comprised in the works above named are the world's
evaporators, pots and kettles for the manufacture of mightiest and most approved appliances for steel-tube
acids and soaps. Weimer ladle linings, and Burg cinder making. Beginning with blast furnaces. National Tube
pots, in fact anything in the line of imn castings up to Company has six, namely:
60,000 pounds each. The Monongahela Furnaces at McKeesport, Pennsylvania,
three stacks ( Furnace A. 90 bv jo. Furnace B,
Till-'. NATIONAL TUBE COMPANY—The utili- 00 by jo. Furnace C, 00 by 22) having a combined
zation of tubes or pipes of wrought imn and steel capacity of 425,000 gross tons of pig iron annuallv.
has contributed wonderfully to the industrial develop- 'The Riverside Furnaces, Benwood, AA'est Virginia,
ment of the country. The manufacturing of tubing on two stacks (Furnace A, 7^, by 17, Furnace B, 100 by
a large scale by processes that secure for a comparatively 21 ), the aggregate capacity of which is 250,000 gross
low outlay strong and dependible pipes of practically tons of pig iron in a year.
any size desired, not only greatly facilitates oil and gas The Steubenville Furnace, Steubenville. ((bin. one
production, but enables producers and purchasers to con- stack {j^ bv t6) with an annual capacity of 7J.000
vey advantageously and cheaply to distant points im- gross tons of pig iron.
mense quantities of oil and natural gas. 'To the tube 'The four furnaces of 'The National Tube Company
establishments, now owned ami operated by the United (of Ohio) are all located at Lorain: Furnaces numbers
States Steel Corporation, the nation owes more than a 1 and 2 are each 100 by 21, Furnaces numbers t, and 4
debt of gratitude. In the United States, tube manufac- alike are 85 by 22: the total capacity of the quartette is
turing has attained its highest development, its greatest 650,000 gross tons of pig imn yearly.
proportions. Elsewhere there is nothing to compare National Tube Company's Bessemer steel works are
adequately with the might}- enterprises that are known two. to wit:
as the National "Tube Company. The huge plants that Monongahela AA'orks. McKeesport; equipped with
supply the country's steel pipage are, of right, accounted two 8-gross-ton Bessemer converters: four 10-foot
among the most appreciated assets of the United States cupolas; three 4-hole soaking pits; mie joo-tmi mixer.
Steel Corporation. The demand for steel tubes of vari- and mie 2-high 36-inch reversing blooming train: annual
mis descriptions is enormous and continuous. To meet capacity 550.000 tons of ingots and 200,000 tons of
successfully incessant requisitions for steel pipe for dif- >labs and billets.
ferent purposes taxes at times the capacity ol the Na- Riverside AA'orks, Benwood, AA'est Virginia, equipped
tional Tube Company (of Pittsburgh), The National with two 5-gross-ton Bessemer converters; three 8-foot
Tube Company (of Ohio), and the Shelby Steel 'Tube cupolas: two 3-hole soaking pits, and mie 2-high 30-inch

165 ( ) R V ( » S B U R • G H
reversing blooming mill; annual capacity. 150,000 tons
ol ingots and 155,000 tons of slabs and billets—not the
largest, but by no means the smallest output.
"The Bessemer steel works of 'The National Tube
Company (of Ohio) at Lorain contain two co-gross-ton
acid converters, 28 soaking pits, a 34 bv 90-inch plate
mill, and one 28-inch reversing mill, mie 30 by 48-inch
universal mill, and one 14-inch continuous mill for making
pipe skelp; annual capacity, 625,000 tons of ingots
and N75,000 tmis of rolled products.
In their variously segregated departments of production
the two National 'Tube Companies operate three
blooming, slabbing, billet and sheet-bar works with live
mills; one rail mill; two puddling plants with y^, puddling
furnaces and two muck mils; seven skelp plants with
27, mills, 10 tube plants with 58 furnaces, one thread protector
works and three galvanizing plants. The combined
manufacturing facilities of the two companies are
capable of an output approximating 1,250,000 gross tons
of pipe and boiler tubes, and about 40,000 tons of galvanized
goods annuallv.
In the early part of the past century, hand-made pipe,
slowly constructed by welding a few inches at a time,
was utilized. About 1835 lap-welding was introduced.
In the fabrication of lap-welded pipe to-day, after beingheated
the strips or plates of metal have their edges
scarfed or beveled by being passed through a series of
rolls. 'Then as it is drawn through a die the edges curl
up and overlap. 'The skelp or partly made pipe is heated
a second time and welded by passing it through two
mils, the inner lap resting mi a stationary mandrel which
corresponds to a blacksmith's anvil. 'The pipe is then
straightened, threaded, tested by water pressure, and the
manufacture is complete.
Butt-welded pipes are made by drawing a heated
plate through a cmical die, thus pressing the edges so
firmly together that thev unite. The further steps in
the process are the same as for lap-welded pipe. LJsuallv
XT.VTIOXAL TUBE COMPANY, McKEESPORT PLANT
butt-welded pipe is made in small sizes, from one-eighth
to about mie inch in diameter. Lap-welded pipe runs in
larger sizes, from an inch to thirty inches in diameter.
Pipes are sometimes drawn from a hollow or cylindrical
ingot formed by passing a heated round billet through
diagonal rolls and oyer a mandrel.
By reheating and rolling under pressure the ingot is
finally brought down to the desired diameter and thickness.
It is then annealed, pickled and cold-drawn to give
it the required finish.
In 1001 patents were granted for a process of roll­
ing large sizes of seamless steel pipe from hollow cast
ingots or cylinders. 'The range of sizes is from 12 to 30
inches in diameter, with shells from one-eighth to one
and one-quarter inches thick. The essential parts of the
machine are two sets of internal and two sets of external
rolls, all being placed at right angles to the axis of the
pipe being rolled and having curved surfaces corresponding
respectively to the inner and outer circumference of
the ingot. There are three rolls in each set, making
altogether contact with about one-half of the respective
surfaces of the ingot. 'The second set of rolls in each
case is so placed to come in contact with those portions
of the ingot, which are not touched by the first set. In
addition the ingots can be rotated through a part of their
circumference. 'The six tube mills of the Shelby Steel
'Tube Company are all equipped for the fabrication of
seamless steel pipe.
Included in the equipment of the Shelby Steel Tube
( ompany are four skelp plants with 11 mills, one merchant
bar. hoop and cotton tie plant, and six improved
seamless tube mills. The total annual capacity of the
six seamless-drawn tube mills is 21,000,000 feet of cycle
tubes, and 55,000 tons of boiler tubes.
The capitalization of the National 'Tube Company is
$80,000,000; that of 'The National 'Tube Company (of
Ohio 1 amounts to $.«,ooo.ooo, while the Shelby Steel
'Tube Company has an authorized capitalization of $15,-

H () R Y () T T U l< d [67
000,000, stock of the par value of $13,151,500 has been
issued. 'The entire amount of the stock issue of the
National Tube Companies and practically all the stock
of the Shelby Steel Company is owned by the United
States Steel Corporation. Representing a capital ol
more than $100,000,000, with an annual production considerably
exceeding 1.000,000 tons, the tube companies
that are subsidiaries of "United States Steel" conspicuously
take rank among the most important manufactur­
ing enterprises of the country.
In the Frick Building, Pittsburgh, are the offices of
the affiliated companies. Of all three companies William
IT Schiller is President; Edward B. Worcester, First
Vice-President, and John 1). Culbertson, Second Vice-
President. Of the National 'Tube Companies John I).
Culbertson is also Secretary and 'Treasurer. Other important
officers of National 'Tube Company are: Taylor
Alderdyce, 'Third Vice-President; B. C. Moise, Assistant
'Treasurer, Assistant Secretary and .Auditor; Peter Boyd,
General Superintendent; George S. Garritt, Assistant
General Manager of Sales; S. AI. Lynch, Purchasing
Agent, and Thomas Ewihg, Solicitor. Of the National
'Tube Company (of Ohio) 'Taylor Alderdyce is 'Third
A'ice-President, and Alax AT Suppes, Manager at Lorain.
Of the Shelbv Steel 'Tube Company, J. IT Nicholson is
'Third Vice-President, J. AT Shaw, .Auditor, and J. W.
Phillips, Assistant 'Treasurer.
Besides steel manufacturing plants, the National 'I ube
Company is possessed of 120 Semet-Solvay by-product
coke ovens at Benwood, AA'est Virginia, which have an
annual capacity of 150,000 net tons. 'The National I ube
Company owns valuable ore mines in the Gogebic and
Menominee Ranges of the Lake Superior region, and
has also extensive interests in limestone quarries in Law­
rence County. Pennsylvania.
'The standard length of cast imn pipe is u feet, and
its diameter ranges from 2 to do inches. 'The great
thickness of the shell, which, of course, increases with
the diameter, makes very large pipe too heavy tor easy
handling where special appliances for the purpose are
not available. 'This is sometimes obviated by casting it
in shorter lengths.
For certain uses wrought imn and steel pipes of
large sizes often have their longitudinal and circular
joints riveted instead of welded.
Of practically every form and size of pipe fabricated
from iron or steel, the three tube companies are the
producers not only of the best, but the greatest amount.
Their combined output is so vast and so diversified that
none but an expert could give in detail a correct de-
scriptimi of it.
In no department of steel-making, nowhere in the
business of fabricating imn and steel into useful shapes.
are there stronger evidences of success than the excel­
lent showing made bv the three tube companies. I hough
thev market some parts of their output abroad, to a
great extent their production and trade is characteristic­
ally American.
In a small plant, built in South Boston by J. IT
Flagler in [867, was the beginning of the great enterprise
at present comprised in the National Tube Companies.
In 1.So.; was incorporated the National lube
AA'orks Company, which acquired the East Boston plant.
Of this company J. C. Converse was President: P. W.
French, Secretary; William S. Eaton, 'Treasurer, and
J. IT Flagler, General Manager. 'The rapid development
of the oil fields in western Pennsylvania created a
great demand for pipe. About that time Pittsburgh
showed to those who could see signs of becoming a
center of the imn and steel industry. Proximity t market
and other advantages which the vicinity offered,
caused the National "Tube AA'orks t be moved to Mc­
Keesport in [872. hi September of that year the mill
with mie furnace was placed in operation. 'Three additional
furnaces were completed, and the construction .>l
a fourth began, when, mi April • l&73> l'K' tu'l(-' works
were destroyed by fire. But the work of reconstruction
was hastened, and in a few months after the fire three
furnaces were running. A butt-weld mill, built in 1K74.
burned in 1S7O; it was rebuilt within a year. Business
assumed such proportions that the butt-weld mill erected
in 1SN0 was 400 feet long and 530 feet wide. During
the following 14 years the works were repeatedly enlarged
and improved. So manv men were employed by
the tube company, so much importance was attached to
the output that McKeesport became the "'Tube Citv."
It mav be said that the history of 'The National Tube
Company (of Ohio) commenced in [898. 'The business
of the Shelby Steel Tube Company originated about
20 years ago.
Prim- to the establishment of the United States Steel
Corporation, in the three companies had been aggregated
bv growth, consolidation and purchase, nearly all the
important iron and steel tube manufacturing enterprises
in America. Andrew ('arnegie. jealous of his prestige
as a steel king, seeing the wonderful rise and expansion
of National 'Tube Company's business, figured for a
while mi building a $12,000,000 tube plant of his own
at Conneaut. But National 'Tube Company was so strong
and well equipped, it covered its particular field so well.
that Carnegie, with characteristic discretion, delayed and
finally decided not to engage in tube manufacturing.
Each passing year has added to the capacity and
resources of the National 'Tube Companies. Since their
advantageous merger with "United States Steel" the
three tube companies have notably amplified and improved
their manufacturing facilities. Important additions
have been made to various plants; not only are all
the properties kept constantly in excellent repair, but
millions are expended by the United States Steel Corporation
to promote, bv improvement, replacement and
reconstruction, whenever and wherever necessary, the

i6S ( > R A' () U R G H
more efficient and economical operation of its numerous
fact, iries.
I he men who manage so successfully these colossal
enterprises reached their present positions through most
convincing demonstrations of their fitness and ability.
I hey understand thoroughly every phase of the situation,
they are well posted in each detail of the business. In
building up plants that are capable of unsurpassed tube
production they have shown the world some of the best
and biggest things, industrially, that have ever been
done. I he three tube companies have prospered because
thev maintained themselves in the best position
to supply, advantageously, practically everything in the
shape of pipes or tubes, that is. or mav be. required.
Existing demands and others yet to be created will call
for pipes and tubes in greater quantities than ever before.
A busy future for the three great tube companies is
assured.
THE OLIVER IRON & STEEL Co.—In Pittsburgh,
in 1863, were conditions considerably different
from what they are to-day. At that time the most
enthusiastic optimist scarcely hoped for more than the
return of peace and the incidental increase of prosperity
secured through patient and persistent plodding along
established lines. Measured by present-day standards.
how small and scantily capitalized appear what then
were thought to be great organizations. In manufacturing
old-time methods obtained. Business was conducted
cautiously, in a conservative way, and \k\y undertakings,
ordinarily, were given but little encouragement.
In that period of stress and adversity, in the dark .lavs
of the Civil AA'ar. when the national outlook was most
gloomy, was established the business that has grown to
be the ((liver Imn & Steel Co.
In [863 Harry W. Oliver, Jr., William J. Lewis and
John Phillips formed a partnership for the manufacture
of bolts, nuts, washers and similar articles. In many
respects it was a notable combination. Even then by
his force and prescience, by his ability and business
aptitude. Oliver was recognized as one of the comingmen
of Pittsburgh. Lewis was the inventor of a successful
bolt-heading machine, a man of great experience
and practical knowledge in the manufacture of iron and
steel. Phillips, though his talents were less conspicuous,
was still a very desirable partner. From the first the
linn of Lewis, ((liver & Phillips prospered. Three vears
after its organization the partnership was made stronger
by the admission t the firm of David IT ((liver and
James B. ((liver. In [880 the original copartnership
was dissolved, and thereafter the business was carried
mi by ((liver Brothers & Phillips. This firm was finally
succeeded by the ((liver Imn & Steel Co., which was
incorporated in 1NN7.
Ably managed always from the inception of the
enterprise to the present day, the Oliver Imn & Steel
Co. vear bv year has increased in prestige and produc­
ing capacity. Comprised in its tremendous output arcbolts
and nuts, rivets, bar imn and steel, wagon hard­
ware, picks and mattocks, crowbars and wedges, tele­
graph and telephone pole line hardware, and car for­
gings. A large part of the manufactures of the company
consists of work for railroads, car companies and agri­
cultural implement makers, but a vast tonnage is also
distributed throughout the country by the hardware
jobbing trade. ( )f a quality that mav be depended upon,
invariably, of such excellence as to be always in great
demand, the output of the ((liver Imn & Steel Co. is
almost entirely utilized in the United States. In every
line of goods, the best made is demanded by the American
consumer. That such a steady and marked preference
for the products of the Oliver Imn & Steel Co.
not only long has existed, but is continually increasing,
is the most appreciated compliment that could be paid
to the company.
Capitalized at $1,(100,0(10, possessing a plant that is
thoroughly up to date and fully equipped in every respect,
employing 5.100 men. the Oliver Iron & Steel
Co. is an important contributor to Pittsburgh's industrial
welfare.
I he officers ol the company are: George T. ((liver.
Chairman; John C. ((liver. President: Henry B. Oliver
and Henry IT Lupton, Vice-Presidents; R. Theophilus,
'Treasurer; Charles E. Black. Secretary, and John
Jenkins. Assistant Secretary. 'The Directorate of the
( diver Imn & Steel Co. is constituted as follows: George
T. Oliver, Henry R. Lea. John C. Oliver. Henry ((liver
an.l Thomas I. (.'rump.
TUT. PETROLEUM [RON WORKS COMPANY
-1 be Petroleum Imn Works Company was incorporated
under the laws of the State of Pennsylvania in
June, [899, with an authorized capital stock of $50,000.
which the company found advisable a short time later
to increase to $150,000 in order to make a large num­
ber of important changes and improvements to the plant
as operated at that time. The business of the company
bad been growing rapidly, and it was found after careful
consideration that the facilities were not adequate to
keep up with the demand frmn all parts of the country.
I he original firm in the business, and which built
and placed the plant in operation, was known as the
Petroleum Iron Works and started as a small repair
business conducted by 'Todd & Cullihan, then employees
of the Standard Oil Company. 'These gentlemen in the
early nineties were employees of the Standard Oil Company,
and at this plant did most .,f the repair work of
this company in Washington and surrounding counties.
'1 he demand mi the little plant increased so rapidly.
however, that thev both decided in [895 to sever their
connection with the Standard Oil Company and to devote
their entire time to their own business. Thev left their

T H E s () A" ( ) G I 69
old employers, with the best of good feeling following
them, and with the assurance that thev would continue
to receive as much ol the business of the company as
cmild be placed in their bands for execution.
Their plant, which was located at Washington, Pa.,
was in the heart of the fertile oil region of Washington
(ountv, and m the few years following the business
grew at an enormous rate. The plant was accordingly
enlarged and the equipment added to eventually making
it one of the best and most modern equipped in this part
of the State. 'The company then engaged in all classes
of steel plate construction, including tanks, plates, buckets
and pipe, and in a short time made a specialty of the
equipment necessary to the application of fuel oil to
steamships, locomotives, furnace work, brick, tile and
pottery works, etc., where special designs were required
for each particular plant. This branch of the business.
together with the building of standard gauge tank cars
for the transportation of oil bv rail has since that time
proven one of the leading branches or divisions of the
company's business.
But great as the growth of the business had been
prior to its incorporation, it has been greater since, clue
principally to the greater latitude in manufacture, and
the increase in the variety of the production. A number
f additional specialties have been manufactured during
the past few vears, which has also necessitated the installation
of considerable new equipment in the plant at
Washington.
'This condition continued for several years, and al­
though expansions were planned and executed, it was
found that the facilities of the old plant were entirely
inadequate to take care of the business even at that time.
and with no provision whatever for the expansion that
was a certainty in the very near future.
Accordingly, about two years ago, it was definitely
decided to erect and equip an entirely new plant, and a
hunt was immediately started for a suitable site for this
improvement. After careful consideration it was decided
to locate at a point known as Alasurv, in the immediate
vicinitv of Sharon. Pa., but acmss the Pennsylvania
State line in Ohio. An excellent location with
the best railroad and shipping facilities was purchased.
and ground broken for the new plant which was to consist
of a gmup of about six buildings. In the meantime.
however, it was decided to continue the operation of the
..Id plant at Washington until the new plant was erected
and the new equipment required purchased and installed.
Bv this means the company was able to actively continue
in business suffering no inconvenience whatever
during the construction. 'The plant cost in the neighborhood
of $150,000, and a portion of it was running
and working mi the orders of the old plant before anything
was done toward the dismantling of the plant at
Washington. 'Then different departments were moved
and the equipment installed with scarcely the loss of a
dav in the fulfilment of orders. 'Thus gradually the old
buildings were dismantled and abandoned, and the tine
new plant was entirely placed in full operation in all
departments in November, [906.
'The working forces were greatly increased, as well
as the production of the company, until now it is doing
a business of considerably over $600,000 per annum.
Careful study has been made of all equipment used 111
the burning of ml as a fuel, and several systems complete
are manufactured here, including the Lowe Teed Water
Heater and Purifier. 'These heaters have been in active
operation for a number of years, and are being used
in a larger number of manufacturing establishments
throughout not only the Pittsburgh district, but all over
the United States. It is used wherever steam engines
and boilers are used, and is used in precipitating impurities
in the water used in the boilers, which otherwise
would injure and weaken the boilers.
Another production of the company that has become
veiv popular is the portable imn receiving-tank for ml
wells. 'These tanks vary in capacity from 30 to 100
gallons, and the largest can readily be loaded mi an
ordinary dray, and is easily and quickly handled.
'The general offices of the company have been moved
to Shamn, La., in order that they mav be in the immediate
vicinity of the plant, but branch offices are conducted
at New Orleans, La., Beaumont and 1 (alias.
Texas, and in the Farmers' Lank Building, Pittsburgh.
The local office is in charge of Air. R. T. McCormick,
who for manv vears was connected with the Riter-Conley
Manufacturing (Company.
'The officers of the Petroleum Imn Works Company
are as follows: J. S. Cullinan, president; E. < T Wright,
vice-president; A. W. Krouse, secretary; C. S. Ritchie,
treasurer, and C. T McDowell, superintendent.
'TIIL PITTSBURGH FORGE & IRON CO.—In
the vicissitudes of Pittsburgh since the Civil War; in
the obscuring changes incidental to so many business readjustments;
in the rearrangement of trade conditions:
in the evolution and expansion of manufacturing; in
the commercial upheavals that have displaced numerous
old establishments, were tests of searching severity,
tests that demonstrated, here and there, instances of
capacity perpetuated. In the murk and smoke of the
imn and steel industry, long and continuous success
shines brighter than a g 1 deed in a naught}' world.
Founded in [865, incorporated in 1X07, the Pittsburgh
Forge & Imn Co. for upwards of forty vears has more
than maintained an honorable reputation. AA'hile similar
institutions were either reorganized, merged, absorbed
or effaced, it retained its independence unimpaired:
through the years the various tests applied to it
only served to set forth its amplified importance; it was
so strong, so well managed, so self-contained that, after
undergoing transitions that proved destructive to others,

1 70 T 11 E T () () U R G
it emerged with added greatness. Its work was well
sp.iken .if, always.
It is said that an institution is but the lengthened
shadow of a man. The man most responsible for the
success, repute and prosperity of the Pittsburgh Forge
& h'on Co. unquestionably is Calvin Wells, who since
[878 has been the president of the corporation. After
graduating from the Western University of Pennsylvania,
Calvin AA ells began his business career as a bookkeeper
for C. O Hussey. His work was performed so
acceptably that 111 1S52 the firm of Hussey & Wells was
organized. In [859 the title of the partnership was
changed to Hussey, Wells & Co. (For those days they
were rather important steel manufacturers.) Calvin
AA'ells was general manager of the business of Hussey,
Wells & Co. until [876,
when he sold his interest in
the firm to Dr. Hussey.' In
(865 he acquired a membership
in the firm of A. C.
French & Co., car spring
manufacturers. He was an
a c t i v e participant in the
affairs of this concern up to
1884, when he disposed of
his holdings in t h e c a r
spring establishment to Air.
French. Another manufacturing
enterprise which Calvin
Wells long has been interested
in is the Illinois
Zinc Company, noted for its
manufactures of sheet zinc,
spelter and sulphuric acid.
Of the Illinois Zinc Company
Calvin Wells has been
President and Treasurer fi ir
thirty-seven vears. Established
by John \A'. Forney
in 1857, '"The Press," one
of the most influential dai­
lies in Philadelphia, was purchased by Calvin Wells in
[878. 'The ownership of this great newspaper property
Air. Wells still retains. Despite the importance and value
of his other holdings, the affairs of the Pittsburgh Forge
& Iron Co. continue to receive the careful attention of
Calvin Wells. He still takes upon himself the tasks and
responsibilities of President and 'Treasurer. F. E. Richardson
is Secretary of the company, and between the two
are divided the arduous duties pertaining to the management.
'The offices of the company are on the corner of
Penn Avenue and 'Tenth Street, Pittsburgh; the works
of the Pittsburgh Forge & Imn Co. are located in Allegheny,
four miles away, mi the "Fort Wayne" railroad.
The output of the company comprises locomotive
and car axles, heavy forgings, arch bars, track bolts,
splice bars, bolts, rods, high-grade bar imn and staybolt
ir. hi.
The annual output of the Pittsburgh Forge ct Iron
Co. amounts to 50.000 gross tons of finished iron and
steel, hi addition to this vast quantity must be taken
into consideration the quality and nature of the work.
Articles like locomotive and car axles call for not only
material of the very highest grade, but the best of work­
manship as well. Railroads are the most exacting customers
of steel manufacturers. Nothing is more diffi­
cult to meet than the demands of modern railway traffic.
ddie fact that a large part of the work of the Pittsburgh
Forge & Iron Co. is the execution of railroad orders
indicates the reliability of
the company and the extent
of its resources.
To secure excellent results
requires a correspond­
ing equipment. The com­
pany's extensive plant is
well adapted to meet its
various requirements. The
output of the company is,
and has been for vears, ac­
knowledged to be of the
very best quality.
N. ^withstanding its great
total tonnage, but little of
the company's production is
marketed a b r o a d. The
reputation of the articles it
manufactures is so well established,
its products are
so highly thought of here
at home that the problem
which often confronts the
company is not to obtain
purchasers for its output,
but to supply the requisitions
made upon its producing capacity. So far all these
have been met with a high degree of success.
PITTSBURGH STEEL COMPANY—One of the
largest and most successful industrial concerns in the
Pittsburgh district is the Pittsburgh Steel Company.
established in 1901 for the manufacture of wire rods,
wire nails, barbed wire, plain and galvanized wire, electric
welded field and garden fencing, steel hoops and
bands, cotton ties, etc.
'The names of the officers of this company are AA'al-
Iace H. Rowe, President; John Bindley, Vice-President;
Charles E. Beeson, Secretary, and AA'm. C. Reitz. Treas-
urer- ' lle extent "of the concern's operation is partly
At the company's plant are employed about 1,000 men. indicated 1 by its employment of 1,800 men, and $6,000,-

T H E S T ( ) R A' () I T T U R G 171
ooo capital. The general offices are in the Frick Building,
Pittsburgh, while the mills are at Monessen, Pa.,
and Glassport, Pa.
'The Pittsburgh Steel Hoop Company was organized
in 1899 to manufacture steel hoops, bands, etc., and was
merged with the Pittsburgh Steel Company in [901, the
year when the construction of the large plant was begun
at Monessen to roll wire rods and manufacture plain
and galvanized wire, barbed wire, wire nails, fencing,
etc., the product amounting to about 600 tons per day,
while the Glassport plant produces about 150 tons per
dav of hoops and bands. Both mills are of modern
construction, and are conceded to be the best of their
kind in the world. The company is now erecting its
own open-hearth steel plant at Monessen, with a capacity
of 1,200 tons per dav.
The Monessen mills are in charge of Mr. George
Nash, General Superintendent, Mr. C. J. Morgan being-
Superintendent of the Glassport mills. The sales department
is in charge of Ah\ F. II. Forman, General
Sales Agent, and
Mr. E. Steytler,
Assistant General
Sales Agent a 11 .1
manager o f t h e
fence department.
'The auditing a n d
the traffic departments
are in charge
of Messrs. AV. k.
(liven and L. H.
Constans, respec­
tively.
This company plax
prides itself on the
quality of its products, and anv goods having the "Pittsburgh
Perfect" brand are always reliable. 'Their electricwelded
field, garden and other fencing is particularly
well established, the demand is constantly increasing and
the product is very popular with the trade.
AAr. H. Rowe, President of the Pittsburgh Steel
Company, is also President of the Seamless 'Tube Company
of America, of the Fifth Avenue Land Cmpany.
the Monessen Coal & Coke Co., the Pittsburgh Perfect
Fence Company, Ltd., and of the Standard Land &
Improvement Co. He is Vice-President of the Pittsburgh
Ice Company. Director of the Duquesne National
Bank, of the Iron City 'Trust Company, the C. H. Rowe
Company, the Duryea-Potter Company of New York,
the Idaho Consolidated Mining Company, the Pittsburgh
Arizona Gold & Copper Co., and 'Trustee of the
Newsboys' Home, and the Pittsburgh Sanatorium for
Consumptives.
John Bindley, Vice-President of the Pittsburgh Steel
Company, serves in the same capacity for the Guarantee
Title & Trust Co., is President of the Duquesne National
Lank, the N'eely Nut & Bolt Co., and the Albion Land
Company; is chairman of the board of directors ot the
Bindley Hardware Company, director of the Seamless
'Tube Company of America, of the Pittsburgh Ice Company,
the Southern Steel Company, and the Central Accident
& Insurance Co.. and is trustee of the Allegheny
Cemetery and of the Pittsburgh Sanatorium for ( 011-
sumptives.
Willis F. McCook, a prominent attorney at law and
capitalist, is a director in the Pittsburgh Steel Company.
the Equitable Life Insurance Company of New York,
the Duquesne National Bank, the Imn City 'Trust Company,
the Guarantee 'Title & 'Trust Co., the Workingman's
Savings Lank i\- 'Trust Co., the Seamless 'Tube
Company of America, the American Oil Development
Company, and the American Refractories Company.
Lmil Winter is a director of the Pittsburgh Steel
Company, the Guarantee 'Title & 'Trust Co.. the Pennsylvania
Light. Heat & Lower Co., the American Refractories
Company, the Exposition Society of AA'estern
Pennsylvania:
President of the
W o r k i 11 g man's
Savings Ban k &
T rust Co.. and
Vice-President o f
the Seamless Tube
Company of America.
Edward H.
Bindley is a director
of the Pittsburgh
Steel Company,
the Seamless
0UNDRY COMPANY
'Tube Company of
America, the Monessen Coal & Coke Co., Secretary and
'Treasurer of the Seamless 'Tube Company of America,
and the Pittsburgh Arizona Cold ix Copper Co.
Charles E. Beesmi is Secretary of the Pittsburgh
Steel Company, the Monessen Coal & Coke Co.. the
Pittsburgh Perfect Fence Company, Ltd., the Standard
Land & Improvement Co., and director of the Pittsburgh
(iage & Supply Co.
\A'. C. Reitz is 'Treasurer of the Pittsburgh Steel
Company, the Ahmessen Coal & Coke Co., the Standard
Land & Improvement Co.. and President of the Pitts­
burgh Rivet Company.
THE PITTSBURGH STEEL FOUNDRY COM­
PANY— hi the making of steel castings for mills of
all kinds, mining machinery, locomotive wheel centers
and frames, couplers and knuckles, and of special mixture
for electrical work, the Pittsburgh Steel Foundry
Company excels. In the plant of the company at Glassport
is an equipment unsurpassed. That the work at
the foundry might be facilitated, that the company might

17- T II E S T (> R V O F L I T T S B LJ R G II
be able to make, under circumstances, and with acces- with an authorized capitalization of $4,000,000, was
sories that assured in each case the best results, steel merged into this company.
castings for almost any purpose, in any size or weight This merger agreement provided for the consolida-'
desired, frnin 50 pounds to 50 tons, neither pains nor ti.m of 'The Steel-Tired Wheel Company with the Rail-
expense were spared. With all the light that a number way Steel-Spring Company, and provided also that the
of noted experts could throw on the subject, aided by capital stock of the Railway Steel-Spring Company,
all that cmild be suggested bv past experience, the plant which heretofore had been $20,000,000, divided into
was planned and erected. At the outset, down to the 100,000 shares each ol preferred and common stock of
smallest detail, planned to do in the most dependable the par value of $100 per share, be increased to $2j,-
iiiaiiiier difficult and exacting work, the plant has more 000,000, divided into 155,000 shares each of preferred
than justified the expectations of its builders. Accorded and common stock of the par value of $100 per share
now the prestige of the largest modern steel foundry, each, such additional preferred and common stock to
not only making a most satisfactory showing in respect have the same rights, preferences and limitations as the
to the ammmt of its output, but more especially in the original preferred and common stock of the Railway
making of castings of a strength and quality, of a char- Steel-Spring Company.
acter and nature that attests the latest and best develop- The plants of 'The Steel-Tired AA'heel Company,
ment that steel casting has attained. 'The officers of the which were acquired by the Railway Spring-Steel Corn-
company are: Steward Johnson. President: John AI. pany, and for which the additional $3,500,000 preferred,
Lockhart, Vice-President; August Trump, Secretary- and $3,500,000 common stock were issuable, are as fol-
Treasurer and in charge of sales, and G. A. Hassel. lows: Depew AA'orks, Depew, N. A".; Pullman AA'orks,
Superintendent. Pullman, Ilk; Hudson AA'orks, Hudson. N. A'.; Scranton
AA'orks, Scranton, Pa.; Chicago Works, Chicago, 111.;
RAILWAY STEEL-SPRING COMPANY —In Denver AA'orks, Denver. Colorado, and the manufactur-
"The Story of Pittsburgh," which is so replete with ing rights for fused steel-tired wheels of the Lehigh
its fascinating tales of imn and steel, its monstrous fur- Car, AA'heel and Axle AA'orks, Catasauqua, Pa., also
naces and the wonderful exhibitions of mechanical skill real estate and buildings at Cleveland, O., operated by
and mercantile progress, 'The Railway Steel-Spring other parties underlease.
Company naturally finds a conspicuous place. Incorpo- The products of these works are in use in all parts
rated February 2^, 1902, under the laws of the State of of the world, thev being the highest grade it is possible
New Jersey, success has crowned its efforts in a pro- to produce. 'The assets of the company are $35,514,nounced
manner. The nature of the business is primarily 398.96. AA'. H. Silverthorn is president; F. F. Fitzthat
of manufacturing railway springs and disposing of patrick, vice-president, and Frank Carnahan, treasurer.
the same, and the company has. in addition, other pow­
ers, as stated in the articles of incorporation. 'The com- 'THE REPUBLIC IRON & STEEL CO. Numerpany
owns in fee. free from incumbrance, the following mis are the progeny of New [ersey, but of all the corproperties:
A. French Spring Company, Pittsburgh, porations originating in that State few have the future
Pa.; Charles Scott Spring Company. Philadelphia, Pa.; promise or are at present so great as the Republic Imn
Pickering Spring Company. Philadelphia, Pa.; National & Steel Co. Of capital aggregated for the exploitation
Railway Spring Company. Oswego. N. A'.; Detroit Steel of the useful metal it is regarded as one of the greatest
& Spring Co.. Detroit, Michigan; also a steel mill with and most aggressive groups. In the iron and steel indusa
capacity of 40,000 tons, and the railway spring depart- try everywhere it is looked upon as a formidable comment
..f the Crucible Steel Company of America, Pitts- petitor. Measured by its assets and resources the com-
bui-gh. Pa. pany is a pyramid of millions. Its possessions are
Each of these works includes real estate, buildings, spread throughout the country. In the North and in
machinery tools, etc.. formerly owned by the companies the South the sources of its income are enduring and
above named, with the exception of the Crucible Steel enormous. Its properties are so situated that everything
Company of America, whose railway spring department required can be readily procured. It is enabled to manwas
alone acquired. Each of these works is equipped ufacture and market its products with every economic
for the manufacture of railway car and locomotive advantage. Its directorate is composed of some of the
springs, and the Detroit Steel & Spring Co. is equipped eminent financiers of the nation. Watching over the
in addition with a steel mill with a capacity of 40,000 affairs ..f the company, protecting its interests and buildtons
of bar steel as above stated. 'The property of the ing up its business are a number of the most expert and
Latmbe Steel Company, Latrobe, Pa., was acquired in practical steel men in the United States. The company
[9°S' has profited by the mistakes of others. 'To assist its
On June 7. 1002, The Steel-Tired AA'heel Company. progress and development have been assembled all that
a corporation organized under the laws of New Jersey, experience could suggest, all that practical knowledge

T II E S T (> R A' (> F
could call lor, all that money could buy. Nothing but
the latest and best now suffices for the Republic Imn &
Steel Co.
'The rolling mills and factories of the company have
been substantially improved. Large expenditures have
been made for reconstruction and renewals. 'The changes
for the better that have been made consist chiefly of
improved appliances for handling raw materials, the re­
arrangement of equipment to minimize the necessity for
rehandling products, displacement of old wooden build­
ings bv modern steel construction, additional power by
the installation of modern engines, boilers and other
equipment, Alills which were unfavorably situated with
respect to a cheap supply of raw materials and fuel, or
badly located as respecting the distribution of their finished
products to consuming points, have been dismantled
and their equipment utilized at other operating locations
where manufacturing conditions were more favorable.
Thus the cost of production is reduced and at
the same time an increased output is obtained. I be
opinion of the company, as expressed by the executive
committee, is that the policy of diversifying and extending
its manufacturing operations and of developing its
mineral holdings should be continued mi so generous a
scale as the surplus earnings, working capital necessities
or finances of the corporation permit. Up to June 30,
1907, the company has paid out for improvements and
additions as folk wvs :
Northern District:
Blast furnaces $2,499,393.49
Bessemer steel plant 3,147,549.83
Rolling mills 1.4ro.600.37
Coke plants 781.200.74
Northern mines 528,01(1.57
'Total Northern District. $8,107,750.80
Southern District :
Blast furnaces $1,(125.002.55
Coke ovens at blast furnaces 176,917.54
'Tenant houses at blast furnaces
58-077.25
Rolling mills 130,485.69
Alines and coke ovens 986,5(15.43
Limestone quarries 108,735.02
'Total Southern District. $3,085,784.36
(irand n ital 11.253,535-'D
'The ore reserves of the Republic Iron & Steel Co.
have been materially strengthened by the development
of territory heretofore unexplored and by additional
purchases of ore under term contracts at advantageous
prices. In the northern district the company's ore re­
serves. Bessemer and ni in- Bessemer, amount to 31,556,-
P | T T S B U k G H i/3
500 tons; the southern reserve. non-Bessemer, is esti­
mated to be 89,041,800 tons, making in both districts a
grand total of 120,598,300 tons. In the southern dis­
trict new mines are being developed in the Red Moun­
tain territory, and active test-pitting has been prosecuted
with the result of extending the life of the "brown ore"
operations. On the top of this development ol old properties
a most valuable addition—both in quantity and
quality—has been made to the company's mineral holdings
Smith, by a joint purchase with the Tennessee Coal,
Iron & Railroad Co., mi a long-time payment basis and
at a most favorable price of the property known as the
Potter Land. 'The ore in this property is of the highest
grade of southern red ore, and, running high in lime, is
of a self-fluxing character. 'This feature adds great
strength to the southern furnace operations for the reason
that previously the furnaces Smith have been at
some disadvantage mi account of the necessity ol working
a higher silicon mixture than will be required hereafter
when the new mines mi the Potter Land are placed
on the producing list, which is anticipated will occur mi
or before lanuarv 1, n;oS. 'The amount of ore acquired
thr. mgh the Potter interest is estimated at 40,000,000
tons. Alining operations last year were seriously interrupted
by the large amount of reconstruction work at the
mines, and also because of a scarcity of miners, ddie
company's ore production .luring the past three vears is
thus tabulated :
Year ending June 30, 1007 947,069 gross tons
Year ending June 50. [906 970.106
Year ending June 50. 1905 794.107
'The development of the company's coal properties
proceeds apace. The southern mines have been very
generally reconstructed, electrical haulage and other improved
devices having been installed. At the Atcheson
works at Cans. Pennsylvania, a coal-washing experiment
is being conducted with a view of determining
whether this coal can be made available for furnace
operations, ddiis coal, without washing, has been found
to be too high in sulphur for Bessemer use. but the
Atcheson output finds a ready market for other purposes.
'The extent of the company's coal reserves is
shown bv the following table:
Coking dial Steam Coal
Northern District... 13,(112,100 tons 12,500,000 tons
Southern District... 92,338,800 tons St,205,400 tons
'Total 105,950,900 tons 0,3,703,400 tons
Grand total [99,654,300 tons
Substantially all the coal 11. >\\ mined by the 0niipanv
is coked either for market or for blast furnace use. The
coking capacity of the company is figured as follows:

i?4 T II E S T o R Y 0 1
NORTHERN DISTRICT.
Number of Tons
Ovens Per Annum
Gans 138
Republic 400
538 322,800
SOUTHERN DISTRICT.
'Thomas 910
Warner 100
1,010 606,000
Grand total 1,548 928,800
The coke production last year amounted to 52I>~
56] tons.
So far as pig iron is concerned the company is entirely
self-contained as to its supply of steel-making irons,
and it is in a condition to market a substantial tonnage
of basic, foundry and mill iron. The maximum capacity
of the company's southern furnaces, 250,000 gross tons
per annum, will not be available much before the first
of next year, but recent augmentations now make the
furnaces in the northern district capable of producing
600,000 tons a vear, giving the company a total furnace
capacity of 900.000 gross tons per annum. Its output
of pig iron last year was 614,954 tons.
'The manufactured products of the company are
merchant bar imn and steel, light structural shapes,
standard spikes, bolts, nuts, drawn or polished shafting.
turnbuckles, standard section steel rails, sheet and tin
bar, skelps, slabs, billets and pig iron. The last yearly
total of its finished and semifinished products was 804,-
560 t. nis.
Listed as the company's active manufacturing properties
are:
Rolling Alills and Factories—Inland AA'orks, East
Chicago, hid.; Corn AA'orks. Massilon, Ohio; Brown-
Bonnell Works, Youngstown, ((bio; Mahoning Valley
Works, Youngstown, Ohio; Youngstown Steel AArorks,
Youngstown, Ohio; Birmingham Works, Birmingham,
Alabama; 'Toledo Works. 'Toledo, Ohio; Sylvan AA'orks,
Moline, 111.; Tudor AA'orks, Last St. Louis, 111.; Indiana
Works, Muncie, hid.; Alabama AA'orks, Gate City, Alabama;
Shafting AA'orks. Youngstown, Ohio.
Blast Furnaces—Haselton furnaces, Youngstown,
Ohio, 3 stacks; Hannah furnaces, Youngstown, Ohio, 1
stack; Hall furnaces, Sharon, Pa., 1 stack; Atlantic
furnaces. New Castle, Pa.. 1 stack: Pioneer furnaces.
'Thomas, Alabama, 3 stacks. 'Total, 9 stacks.
In addition to concerns owned outright and directly
operated, substantial interests are also held by the Republic
Imn cy Steel Co. in the following named corporations,
which are operated in connection with other properties
listed: Potter ((re Company, Mahoning Ore &
Steel Co., Union Ore Company, Antoine Ore Company,
S U R G H
Lake Erie Limestone Company, Union Dock Company,
Mahoning & Shenango Dock Co., Cambria Steamship
Company. French 'Transportation Company, Sharon
Connecting Railway & General Water Co.
'The company's expenditures for labor during the past
three years was $23,739,143.56. Last year the average
number of men employed was 13,895.
'The directors of the company are George A. Baird,
fohn A. Topping. Leonard C. Hanna, Archibald W.
Houston, Earle W. Oglebay, Edward J. Berwind, John
\\r. Gates, Samuel G. Cooper, Grant B. Schley, G. AVatson
French, J. B. Duke, Harry S. Black and T. AAr. Guth­
rie. 'The executive committee is composed of John A.
'Topping, Grant B. Schley, John W. Gates, Leonard C.
Hanna and Earle AA'. Oglebay. Of the higher officers
John A. Topping is President, Thomas J. Bray and
Severn P. Kerr are Vice-Presidents, and Harry L.
Row ml is Secretary and Treasurer. Simpson, Thatcher
& Bartlett are named as general counsel. 'The general
offices of the company are in the Frick Building Annex,
Pittsburgh.
'The Republic Iron & Steel Co. is credited with assets
to the value of $66,089,179.77; it has issued capital
stock to the amount of $47,607,900; it had on June 30,
1907, a bonded indebtedness of $9,188,000, other debts
and liabilities to the extent of $5,493,285.64, and a surplus
of $3,799,994.13.
Thus docs imn outweigh gold on the scales of commerce.
SCHOEN STEEL AA'HEEL COMPANY—The
Schoen Steel Wheel Company represents one of the very
important, new and distinctive industries of Pittsburgh.
The company is composed of Charles T. Schoen, president;
AT R. Jackson, vice-president and general manager;
'Thomas G. D. Bell, treasurer, and George T. Hildebrand,
secretary. 'The directors are: Charles T. Schoen,
\Ar. H. Schoen, George T. I hide-brand, AI. R. Jackson
and 'Thomas G. D. Bell.
The substitution of steel for cast iron in car wheels
has been under discussion for forty years, but the actual
achievement was left to the ingenuity and enterprise of
Charles T. Schoen, who, in developing the process, has
created another great industry for the city of Pittsburgh.
It is entirely new and bids fair to be as great as
the steel car industry, which was also the conception of
that veteran exploiter of new ways of doing things. As
a crowning effort he has spent several years and a large
proportion of his fortune in perfecting a method of making
a solid forged and rolled steel wheel, which is evidently
destined to supersede the cast iron wheels now in
general use under railroad and electric cars.
'To take a square slab of steel weighing eight hundred
pounds and forge and mil it into a perfectly finished
wheel and lay one down every three minutes is an accomplishment
in steel working that has never been

E s () R Y ( ) L I T s U R G l 17-
equalled in the history of metal manufacturers. Now
that the safety and economic value of these wheels has
been demonstrated, the orders for them have been so
great that the plant has been doubled in capacity. The
Schoen Steel Wheel Company expects to continue to
increase the capacity for producing the Schoen wheels
until at least 2.500 wheels per dav will be the output.
'The mileage of cast iron wheels under these 100,000
pound cars is probably not more than one-half the mileage
made under the vv len cars of 60,000 pound capacity,
formerly in general use. 'This fact alone, vv herecast
imn is used, doubles the cost of wheel mileage, and
added to this is the increased number of wrecks due to
broken flanges or broken wheels.
'The Schoen pressed and rolled steel wheel has a
tensile strength about five times that of cast iron. Therefore
the dangers incident to the cast-iron wheels are practically
eliminated. In the matter of wear this wheel will
outlast five cast iron wheels, and its cost is only about
double, thus showing a great economy in the cost of
wheel mileage aside from the all important considerations
of safety. 'This fact is recognized by railroad managers.
Mr. Schoen has
displayed the courage
of his convictions
by doing the
pioneer work incident
to the making
of this great improvement
in wheels
single-handed a n d
alone, risking a fortune
in its development.
He has followed
Up every detail with tenacity of purpose, encountering
many discouragements in the solution of the
various problems with which he was confronted. Alore
than twenty patents, which are the property of the company,
are the results of these developments. These
patents hold g 1 abroad as well as in this country.
As a further evidence of the commercial value of this
new enterprise, the Schoen Steel AA'heel Company, Ltd..
of Great Britain, was organized about six months ago,
and contracts were awarded fm- the building of a practical
duplication of the Pittsburgh plant. 'The parties
interested in the enterprise in England are thoroughly
competent to judge of the possibilities of such an enterprise,
thev being actively engaged in the steel industries
of Great Britain.
'To develop new industries someone must be in advance
of the time and must have the foresight to conceive
the possibilities of such an enterprise as well as the
courage and genius to prosecute the necessary research
to a successful conclusion. The development of the
forged and rolled steel wheel is a pronounced example
of these qualities by the inventor of this valuable 1111-
PLANT OF SCHOEN STEEL WHEEL COMPANY, McKEES ROCKS, I'.V.
provement to railroad equipment, and gives to Pitts­
burgh the supremacy in another steel industry.
'The company has mi its books a large number of
contracts which keep the plant running double turn continually.
Among the recent orders received is one from
the Pennsylvania Railroad Company for 70,000 wheels.
It is also being increasingly used by the New York Central
and llan-iman lines, Norfolk & AArestern, Philadelphia
Rapid 'Transit, Brooklyn Rapid 'Transit, New
York Citv railways, and many others. 'The company
has also just completed an order from the Japanese
Government Railway for 7,000 wheels.
Ah'. Schoen expended some $300,000 in experiment­
ing and developing process, and nearly three years of
assidumis labor before a satisfactory wheel was produced.
To-day the company has the finest and largest
hydraulic forging plant in the world.
It does not come to manv to accomplish more than
mie great achievement in the short span of life-time.
but Air. Schoen has in addition to creating this absolutely
new industry also created and exploited the steelcar
industry. lie was the first to build a plant to manufacture
steel cars,
11 r g a 11 i z e d the
Pressed Steel Car
Company, was its
first president, and
in eight vears from
absolutely nothing
the steel car business
at present
amounts to $100,-
000,000 annually.
In addition to this
Air. Schoen has been a prolific inventor, having taken
mit mie hundred and fifty patents.
There is every reason to believe that this latest enterprise
will revolutionize the present methods of makingcar
wheels.
Although Air. Charles T. Schoen has built up this
great industry in Pittsburgh, and has been a resident of
the citv for a number of years, he at present makes his
home in Moylan, Pa. He is married and has three children.
His present business address is at 101 Arcade
Building, Philadelphia, Pa.
SEAMLESS TUBE COMPANY OF A.AIERICA
—A company which has taken high rank among Pittsburgh's
large industrial establishments since its comparatively
recent organization is that which is widely known
as the Seamless "Tube Company of America. Its organizers
seem to have sought a title that would give the
company something more than a mere "local habitation
and a name." so they used the broad term "America,"
instead of the narrower one. "Pittsburgh." doubtless realizing
that if anyone should happen to be in doubt as to

S T () R A" O s U R G I-
the location of their great plants and the place where
the best seamless steel tubing in the world is manufac­
tured he would naturally guess Pittsburgh.
Ibis company was organized in 1904, and in castnig
about for a location for their plant their attention
was naturally drawn to the bustling town of Monessen,
"11 the Monongahela River, where some of its officers
and directors were already largely interested in the Pitts­
burgh Steel Company and other big enterprises. 'The
thriving young citv of Monessen is in itself a marvel of
industrial growth, since it is only a few years since the
site it now occupies was composed of cornfields and mar­
ket gardens. To-day it is a great manufacturing community
where manv millions are invested in mills, employing
manv thousands of skilled and unskilled workmen.
Not the least of these great establishments are
those controlled by the men at the bead of the Seamless
I ube Company of America.
As its name partly implies, this company is engaged
m the manufacture of high-grade seamless steel tubing
for high-class construction. It is capitalized at $1,000,-
000 and employs 550 men. mostly skilled mechanics. Its
general offices are at No. [900 Frick Building, Pittsburgh,
Pa., with branch offices in New A', irk, Chicago.
( leveland and San Francisco. Its product is sold in
every part of the United States and Canada, which fact
emphasizes the appropriateness of the name of the company.
Ibis company was organized by men prominently
identified with Pittsburgh and its industries, some of
them have business interests in other cities, althoueh always
residents of Pittsburgh. 'The officers of the com­
pany are: Wallace H. Rowe, president; Emil Winter,
vice-president, and Edward II. Bindley, secretary and
treasurer. 'These officials, with the addition of fohn
Bindley and Willis F. McCook, constitute the board of
directors. It is obvious to those familiar with the long
and successful business career of these gentlemen that
anv corporation or enterprise guided by their ripe individual
and collective judgment could scarcely do otherwise
than achieve a distinct triumph over all difficulties.
Such has been the case with all the various enterprises
with which thev are connected.
'I he capacity of the plant at Monessen of the Seamless
'Tube Company of America is 1.000 tons monthly.
It has the most modern machinery and labor-saving devices.
Its product is strictly high-grade seamless steel
tubing, meeting the demands for the greatest safety in
locomotive stationary boilers, automobile construction,
and for construction requiring especial strength ami durability.
'The mills are under the able supervision of Mr.
A. ('. AT use, a recognized expert and a man long identified
with the manufacture of seamless steel tubing.
Air. R. R. Harris is the general sales agent.
As t the features of this company's product which
have given it a national reputation, strength, safety and
durability are named, and admittedly exist to the high­
est degree possible. In fact this product is especially
famed for possessing the three qualities above named.
The company has installed special facilities for testing
the tubing produced, and every piece must meet the
necessary requirements before shipment.
Wallace IT Rowe. president of the Seamless 'Tube
Company of America, is also president of the Pittsburgh
Steel Company, the Fifth Avenue Land Company, the
Monessen Coal & Coke Co., the Standard Land & Im­
provement Co., vice-president of the Pittsburgh Ice
Company, director of the Duquesne National Bank, the
Iron Citv 'Trust Company, the C. II. Rowe Company,
the Duryea-Potter Company of New York Citv, trustee
of the Newsboys' Home, and of the Pittsburgh Sanatorium
for Consumptives.
Emil Winter, vice-president of the Seamless 'Tube
Company of America, is president of the Workingman's
Savings Bank & 'Trust Co., of Allegheny; director of the
Pittsburgh Steel Company, the Guarantee Title & Trust
Co., the Pennsylvania Light, Heat c\- Power Co., and of
the American Refractories Company.
John Bindley, director of the Seamless 'Tube Company
of America, is president of the Duquesne National
Bank, the Neely Nut & Bolt Co., the Albion Land Company,
Chairman of the Bindley Hardware Company,
vice-president of the Pittsburgh Steel Company, the
Guarantee 'Title & 'Trust Co.; director of the Pittsburgh
Ice Company, the Southern Steel Company, the Central
Accident Insurance Company; 'Trustee of the Allegheny
Cemetery, and the Pittsburgh Sanatorium for Consumptives.
AA'illis F. McCook, director of the Seamless Tube
Company of .America, attorney at law. is a director of
the Equitable Life Assurance Company, of the Pittsburgh
Steel Company, the Duquesne National Bank, the
Guarantee 'Title & Trust Co., the Iron City Trust Company,
the Workingman's Savings Bank & 'Trust Co.. the
American Oil Development Company, and the American
Refractories Company.
Edward IT Bindley, secretary and treasurer of the
Seamless 'Tube Company of America and the Pittsburgh-
Arizona Gold & Copper Co., is director of the Pittsburgh
Steel Company, the Monessen Coal & Coke Co., and the
Standard Land & Improvement Co.
WILLIAM P. SNYDER & CO.—In Pennsylvania
the name of Snyder is an .,1,1 and honored one. The
Snyders came to America from Germany in 172(1.
Settling in the northeastern part of what is now the State
of Pennsylvania, they helped not only to subdue the
wilderness, but to establish in the new'country the benefits
and blessings of civilization. Pioneers everywhere
are compelled to endure privations. Confronted with
difficulties, beset by hardships, the sturdy Snyders de­
veloped persistence and determination. 'Thev handed

S T () R A" ( ) S B U R (i II
down to those that came after the hardy virtues of thrift.
courage and resourcefulness. Descendants of the men
who were so active and influential in up-building Pennsylvania
continued the work of their forefathers.
Notably among those to whom the ability to rise was
transmitted was Simon Snyder, a tanner's apprentice.
Thrown mi his own resources, toiling away in a tan
yard at York, his lot for a while was a hard and labori­
ous one. But he "sedulously devoted his leisure hours to
self-improvement." He became not only skilled in his
trade, but a man of wide and exact information. In
1784, with the money he had saved, he settled in Sclin's
Grove and established himself as a storekeeper and mill
owner. Chosen in 1700 a member of the State Constitutional
(.'.invention, his wise conservatism and shrewd
common sense were noted and appreciated. In [808 he
received the highest office in the gift of the State. Simon
Snyder was the first man of German ancestry to be
elected Governor of Pennsylvania. 'Twice re-elected he
was further honored by having named after him Snyder
County.
In the imn and steel business William Penn Snyder
has won not only a fortune, but further distinction. And
he secured what he has in ways that cause him to be all
the more favorably regarded.
As an office boy in the employ of Schoenberger &
Co.. one of the pioneer iron manufacturing linns of
Pittsburgh. William Penn Snyder entered the business
in which he afterwards was to be so successful.
In addition to the virtues which lie inherited on his
father's side, frmn his mother's people who settled in
Williamsport, Pennsylvania, in 1800, AA'. P. Snyder received
some traits that might be called Scottish characteristics.
In his make-up with American independence and
progressiveness were blended the best that comes from
German and Scotch antecedents. 'The office boy in the
employ of the Schoenbergers soon became a valuableassistant.
He learned rapidly; he familiarized himself
with various details of the business; he proved his capability;
matters entrusted to his care were well looked
after; steadily he made himself more and more useful;
promotion after promotion and added responsibility
evoked executive ability, enabled him to display business
talent that could not fail to be appreciated; until 1880
he remained with the Schoenbergers. and all the while
he saved his money.
In the Schoenberger office was another young man.
r.ilin G. A. Leishman, who was also doing very well.
But after due consideration, Leishman and Snyder de­
cided thev would do better if they formed a partnership
and went into business for themselves. 'This decision
resulted in the formation of the linn of Leishman &
Snyder.
This highly successful partnership continued until
1888, when Snyder purchased Leishman's interest and
carried mi even more successfully than before the busi­
ness (which still flourishes) under the firm name of \\ .
P. Snyder & Co.. with offices in the Frick Building.
Air. Leishman. in 1881, became Vice-President ol
Carnegie Brothers & Co., Ltd., and later rose to be Presi­
dent of the Carnegie Steel Company. 'Then he left the
steel business for the diplomatic service, serving his
country first as Minister to Switzerland, and afterwards
as Ambassador to Turkey.
But Air. Snyder chose rather to be an active participant
in the wonderful development of the steel industry.
As a close friend and business associate of the late
I lenrv W. ( (liver, \\ . P. Snyder co-operated with ( (liver
in a number of very important and fortuitous undertakings,
((liver and his associate cleared the way tor the
present immensity of the production of Lake Superior
imn ore. In the production of coking coal, also, great
prominence is accorded to a company in which were
combined the interests of ((liver t\- Snyder. In the Fifth
Bituminous District of Pennsylvania, next to the IT C.
Frick ("oke Company, the largest coal output is accredited
to the < (liver & Snyder Steel Co. 'This great enterprise,
the annual production of which considerably exceeds
a million tons, is only mie of a number in which
Snyder has been a prime mover. In [894 he was made
Vice-President of the McClure (oke Company, which
position he held until the AlcClure Company was absorbed
by the IT ('. Trick (oke Company. AA'ith the
Shenango Furnace Company, and other industries of
size and conspicuous importance, W. P. Snyder has
extended his holdings and caused his prestige to increase.
In finance as well as in mining and manufacturing he
stands well am. mg the successful. As a director of the
Pittsburgh Trust Company and of the Union 'Trust
Company of Clairton, to a certain extent be participates
in the management of two strong and well known banking
institutions. Rut it is chiefly for his prominent
connection with the production and sale of ore, pig imn
and dke that AW P. Snyder is most noted.
Success by W. P. Snyder was never purchased by
the sacrifice of a good reputation. What he secured
was obtained by methods that redound to his credit.
His eminent standing as a business man is enhanced by
the high esteem in which he is held, personally, by all
who kn. iw him.
Air. Snyder, in [888, was married to Aliss Mary C.
Black. He has two children. Mary B. and AA'. P.
Snyder, Jr.
He is a member of the leading clubs of Pittsburgh,
and socially is very popular.
THE STERLING STEEL FOUNDRY COM­
PANY—Organized mi May

178 H E S ( ) R Y O F T S B U R G H
set a favorable location on the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie
Railroad at Braddock. the company built a new plant that
is complete in every respect, and most modern in equipment.
At the foundry and works are the best facilities
obtainable for the rapid and accurate production of steel
castings, locomotive castings, mils, pinions, gears, table
rollers, general rolling mill castings, cast steel shapes
for ship construction and hawse pipes, dredging and piledriving
machinery, machinery castings, stationary and
marine engine castings, ice machine castings, steel piles
for blast furnaces, and, in fact, castings of every kind
and character.
In the live years that it has been in the business, the
Sterling Steel Foundry Company has distinguished itself
chieflv by the excellence of its work. 'The strongest
recommendation of a manufacturing concern is always
the worth of its output. Making as it does castings of
different varieties for numerous uses, the work of this
company, put to severe tests, has proven to be fully up
to all the requirements of the trade. In this particular
instance "Sterling" steel like "Sterling" silver is of
established value.
Considering the diversity and quality of the output.
the company's tonnage attracts respectful attention. A
monthly capacity of 1,000 tons indicates the extent of
the company's activity. In the foundry and works are
employed, steadily, three hundred men.
Ihe Sterling Steel Foundry Company, duly incorporated,
is capitalized at $100,000. It is reported that
the stock of the company is very closely held. 'The officers
of the corporation are S. J. Wainwright, Jr., President;
Uriah 'Tinker. 'Treasurer, and IT E. Wainwright,
Jr., Secretary. On the Board of Directors in addition
to the above named are II. E. Wainwright and II. W.
Benn. 'The general offices of the company are in the
Frick Building, Pittsburgh.
'The relative importance of things is not invariably
demonstrated by size or position, hi the steel business
it has been thoroughly shown, notwithstanding the shifting
tendency towards mergers and great capitalization.
that some of the smaller concerns that have proper facilities
and equipment can operate their plants advantageously,
not only in respect to the quality of the output,
but also in the matter of obtaining profit mi the capital
actually invested. In any business the personal equation
must enter in one way or another into the reckoning, and
it does strongly so in this company.
Direction and supervision to a certain extent delineate
the amount of success extracted from an undertaking.
G 1 management goes far to upbuild, lack of
care encourages deterioration. A strong, thrifty establishment,
obviously well looked after, is the Sterling
Steel Foundry Company. 'The condition of the plant,
the reputation of its product, the standing of the com­
pany, all these pay high and sincere compliments to the
efficiency of the officers and directors.
SUPERIOR STEEL COMPANY—The members
of the Superior Steel Company of Pittsburgh are James
IT Hammond, president: Joseph E. Hedges, secretary
an.l treasurer, and Francis R. Schneider, superintendent.
'Thev are manufacturers of hot-rolled and cold-rolled
steel. 'The number of their employees is eight hundred.
Thev were established January 1, 1893, with a capital of
$500,000.
In the short period of fifteen years it is interesting
to note the rapid development that is possible in the
manufacture of high-grade steels and their uses. The
Superior Steel Company, of Pittsburgh, was incorporated
in 1892, with works and mail office located at
Carnegie. Pa., for the purpose of manufacturing one of
the nmst interesting and useful products found in the
steel trade.
'The product consists entirely of bright, cold-rolled,
strip steel, a commodity that requires more exact and
careful workmanship and years of experience than any
of the various lines of the steel trade. Accuracy of
gauge and brightness of surface are two of the essential
features in connection with this interesting work, for
the reason that the product is used exclusively in the
manufacture of high-grade specialties of every character
where the use of fine flies, skilled labor and the
best possible workmanship are required to form the various
articles into which this product is worked.
Hardware fixtures, stove-trimmings, automobile and
bicycle fittings, sewing machine and typewriter parts, and
various other novelties manufactured throughout the
country where deep draw ing, stamping and bending work
is required, constitute the principal uses to which this
class of material is put.
Ihe company produces 1.500 tons of high-class material
per month, its capacity in this line of business is
larger than any of the strip-steel manufacturers. It is
increasing its output to an extent which, when completed,
will greatly enlarge the above average.
Ihe members of the company are enterprising in
their methods and never lose an opportunity to adopt
new ideas, a fact due, perhaps, to all the members being
comparatively young men. but each having had experience
with other steel organizations.
As indicating .me of the possibilities of the coldmlled
strip steel by this company, it is interesting to
note that thev produce steel in one continuous coil of
-'.500 feet in length, the material being 4.% inches wide.
and .004 inches thick, and made from a standard-size
billet weighing 1 10 pounds.
James II. Hammond, president, is the son of William
J- Hammond, long connected with the iron business in
Pittsburgh. He was born March 15. [868, in Pittsburgh,
and received his early rolling-mill experience in the ..Id
Pennsylvania Imn & Steel C.,.. operated by AY. J. Hammond
& Sons. Sheet imn and steel composed the prin­
cipal product ..f the ..1.1 "Pennsylvania Forge," and the

T H E () R Y O F T S B U G I 179
knowledge of this industry has been of great assistance
to Mr. Hammond in the business he is now connected with.
Francis R. Schneider, superintendent of the Superior
Steel Company, is a thorough mill manager in all its
various branches. He was born November 29, [857, in
Allegheny, and his first employment was with the firm
of Carnegie. Kloman & Co. in 1871 as pull-up boy at
the'Twenty-ninth Street mill, lie had not been working
long before he chose the field of mechanics as his occupation,
and frmn 1X74-1X7., he learned the machinist's
and rolling-mill trade at Carnegie Brothers & Co.'s
'Thirty-third Street mill. During 1871, he took charge
of the roll-turning and roll-designing at the Superior
rail mill, operated by the late Andrew Kloman, and in
1882 he returned to the Thirty-third Street AA'orks of
Carnegie, Phipps e\: Co. as designer of mils and head
turner under the management of William IT Borntraeger,
remaining in that position until [892. From
1892 to ]8c/> he had entire charge of the roll-designing
and roll-turning of the famous Homestead Steel Works
of the Carnegie Steel Company under the management
of Mr. C. AI. Schwab during that period.
Several valuable patents have been granted to Air.
Schneider, and in [896 he connected himself with the
Superior Steel Company, and through mils, designed by
Air. Schneider for the hot-rolling of material, it has been
enabled to produce a greater range of sizes from a
standard-sized billet than is possible to obtain frmn any
other method of rolling.
Joseph F. Hedges, secretary and treasurer of the
Steel Company, was born in Hopedale, Ohio, and came
to Carnegie about ten vears ago; at present be is identified
with the Carnegie National Bank.
In chronicling the marvelous growth and development
of the industries of Pittsburgh district, adequate reference
should be made to this company's remarkable
progress. Organized in August, [892, this company has
rapidlv forged to the front until it now holds the commanding
position as the largest producer of bright, cold-
mlled strip steel in the country.
'The company has fourteen acres of ground occupied
bv buildings, and it owns in addition five acres more
which mav be utilized in the future. 'The present plant
consists of four hot-mills, one 10-inch, and mie 14-inch,
and one 20-inch, together with four heating furnaces, all
covering four and one-half acres, hi conjunction with
these are eight producers for the manufacture of gas.
'The cold-mills are 200 x 600 feet in size, the Healing
house 110x200 feet, and the pickling house 300 x
300 feet in size. 'They have a large machine simp, box
factory, lumber storage house, a boiler house having 19
boilers with a total capacity of 6.000 horse power.
'The plant is equipped with the latest methods of production.
'The total output of the cold-rolled plant is
18,000 tons per annum. 'The capacity for hot-rolled is
45,000 tons per year.
TAYLOR & DEAN—The firm 'Taylor & Dean was
founded by James R. 'Tavlor (now deceased) in 1842.
It was called James R. 'Tavlor & Co., and included in
the company P. C. Dean. Air. 'Tavlor retired in 1885,
Air. P. C. Dean continuing the business under the name
'Tavlor & Dean until his death in [897. 'The present
owner. Air. A. C. Dean, succeeded to the business and
is now the sole owner.
'This company has had much to do with the beautifying
of the dwellings and business houses of the city
and community in its line of designing, manufacturing
and placing handsome iron, brass and bronze ornamental
work. Many of the buildings in this citv are also
equipped with handsome, durable and convenient lire
escapes made bv this firm, while the beautiful entrances
and gates to private residences, as well as to public
grounds and buildings, are examples of their skill and
exclusiv eness of design and make. 'Then there are fireproof
porches for apartment houses, and tine imn fences
for large estates, all showing the same thorough manufacture
and delightful tracery of pattern for which the
firm is fam. his.
Besides the heavier iron workings thev make a specialty
as well of their wire manufacture of every description,
fly screens, wire cloth and like products being
in their line. In their huge establishments at 201-205
Market Street and 2418-2426 Penn Avenue thev employ
200 men. and are at all times able to meet the large
and growing demands of their trade.
Till'. TITUSVILLE FORGE COMPANY—In
iron and steel manufacturing in the Pittsburgh district,
under present conditions, to win out is not the
easiest of tasks. 'To achieve advantages, to gain in
strength, to grow—yea, to exist—requires something
more than a little capital and a location for a plant.
AA'ith practical knowledge, business experience and the
ability to grasp opportunities, to vivify and make active
the capital and plant, a continuously favorable outcome
may be expected frmn manufacturing operations. Success,
even greater than that which was predicted in 1897.
has attended the course of the "Titusville Forge Company.
'This now well known company was incorporated 011
January 1, [897. Its orginal capitalization was only
$30,000. 'The business was started at 'Titusville by J.
T. Dillmi. A shrewd, practical man, thoroughly conversant
with the forge business, having been for years
Superintendent and Director of the big Erie Forge Company,
of Erie. Pennsylvania, he saw clearly the ad­
vantages that "Titusville offered. Carefully, in a way
that provided for future growth, he laid the foundations
of the present business. A desirable location, with sufficient
space, was available on East Spring Street. Almost
frmn the time the foundry was established the company
did so well that in loot it was advisable to put in more

i So () R Y 0 s b r G
capital. Accordingly the capitalization was increased to
$100,000. The additional stock was quickly taken by
residents of 'Titusville. 'Thus enlarged the company did
even better than before. Year by year the earnings of
the institution went into the amplification and equipment
of the plant. To-day the property represents the sound
and advantageous investment of over $500,000. In ten
vears, under intelligent and judicious management, the
" Titusville Forge" has increased to more than ten times
its original value.
The 'Titusville Forge Company manufactures iron and
steel forgings. in weight from 10 pounds to 30 tons.
Included in its output are crank shafts, engine, marine
and crusher shafts, connecting rods, bending mils and
miscellaneous forgings, either smooth-forged, roughmachined
or finished complete. The company makes a
specialty ol single, double and triple-throw crank shafts.
Work of this kind is necessarily exacting and requires
not mil}- the best of material, but the most careful
and competent workmanship. In its forging the
company uses only the highest grade of wrought iron
and open-hearth steel. Possessing a plant especially
adapted to the work called for, having skilled workmen
and expert supervision, the "'Titusville Forge" is enabled
to undertake successfully the most difficult contracts. Its
forgings are accounted among the best made anywhere.
Its crank shafts are famous for their strength and durability.
Every item of its manufacture bears the stamp
of reliability. Through the excellence of its work, the
forge is favorably known all over the United States, and
new orders constantly come to the Titusville Company
from foreign countries. In the manufacturing districts
of Pennsylvania. New York, Rhode Island, ((bio, Illinois,
Indiana and Wisconsin are located the bulk of its
American customers. From abroad the largest orders so
far received have come from Canada and the Hawaiian
Islands. Wherever crank shafts and the like are in demand,
where the best work is sought for. there the
'Titusville Forge Company has a prospective customer.
'Through the merits of its forgings its trade is being
rapidly extended. The damage that might ensue from
a flaw in a crank shaft or an article of that description
makes buyers particular. Orders for forgings that
needs must be depended mi. go to the company that has
the reputation of producing the best. The handiwork
of the 'Titusville Forge Company has triumphantly withstood
the most severe tests.
(die of the founders of the industry, and since the
inception of the enterprise President of the company, is
I. T. Dillmi. Leaving the machinist's trade in "the
seventies." proving his worth and ability, rising from
the ranks to be a foreman and then promoted to the position
of superintendent, while with the Erie Forge Company,
he achieved merited distinction. Aside frmn bis
holdings in the Titusville Forge Company now he has
other large interests, but the work he has helped to bring
forward so successfully still receives at his hands very
careful attention.
B. F. Kraffert, the Vice-President of the Titusville
Forge Company, was formerly the 'Treasurer of the
Titusville Imn Company. He is also a Director of the
Second National Bank, and in 'Titusville, where he was
born and raised, he is looked upon as one of the city's
substantial citizens.
|. P. Dillon, the Secretary of the company, is the
son of President Dillon, and assists his father in the
management.
E. O. Emerson, Jr., the company's "Treasurer, has
been identified with the business since 1904. A Director
of the Commercial Bank, and the possessor of other
important properties, he is one of the leading men in
Titusville.
E. O. Emerson, Sr., mie of the Directors of the company,
is a capitalist well and favorably known in Pittsburgh.
In partnership with J. N. Pew be organized the
first company to supply Pittsburgh with natural gas for
domestic purposes. Air. Emerson was A ice-President of
the People's Natural Gas Company, and associated with
various large enterprises in this vicinity.
J. L. Emerson, another Director, is the son of E. O.
Emerson, Sr. He is also a member of the Pennsylvania
Legislature, a Director in the Second National Bank and
otherwise prominently identified with the affairs of the
district.
I). S. Colestock, now a Director of the Titusville
Forge Company, was formerly the Secretary of the
'Titusville Iron Company. One of the founders of the
Joy Radiator Company, which afterwards became an important
branch of the American Radiator Company, hehas
been for vears a man of importance in the imn and
steel industry.
In the personnel of its officers and directors, as well
as in the efficiency of its plant, are found excellent reasons
for the prosperity the "Titusville Forge Company
has attained.
THE UNION DRAWN STEEL COMPANY—
Justly entitled to the prestige it has attained as a large
manufacturer of cold-finished steel and imn for shafting
and various machinery uses is the Union Drawn
Steel Company. Advantageously located at Beaver
Falls, the mills of the company have a capacity of 5,000
tons per month, and at present give employment to about
600 men. 'The company takes especial pride in its output
of drawn, cold-mlled. turned and polished bright
steel for shafting, piston mils, pump rods and similar
appliances. It specializes in screw steel for automatic
and hand screw machines, and its "fiats, squares, hexagons
and shapes" are well and favorably known to the
trade. Builders of machinery, agricultural implement
makers, typewriter, automobile and bicycle concerns,
constructors of power plants, and, in fact, manufac-

T H E S < ) R A' O I T L I' H G 181
hirers in all lines that require bright, accurately finished
steel, are steady customers of the Union Drawn Steel
Company. Continual experimenting and trial have
placed the company in a position to furnish the best
analysis of steel for special work. Because of superior
facilities and its patented method of manufacturing, it
is claimed that for accuracy and finish the company's
product can not be surpassed in this country.
The Union Drawn Steel Company was established
in 1889 as a new concern, since when it has confined itself
"strictly to bright drawn steel and turned stock."
The company's plant and business represent the investment
of $1,250,000. F. N. Beegle, who has been with
the company ever since its organization, is the president
of the corporation, and Frederick Davidson, who has
been identified with Union Drawn Steel for the past ten
years, part of the time as vice-president of the company,
is secretary and treasurer. F. N. Beegle, Frederick
Davidson and E. E. Davidson constitute the directorate.
"The headquarters and works of the company are at
Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, but important branch offices
and warehouses, where large and complete stocks arccarried,
have been established in New York, Chicago,
Philadelphia and Cincinnati. In Boston and Atlanta the
company has sales offices.
As the result of investigations made by the Stevens
Institute of Technology, it is stated that shafting turned
from bars such as are used for the Union Drawn Steel
Company's "cold-die rolled steel" show a tensile strength
of 62,000 pounds, and an elastic limit of 44,000 pounds
per square inch, while the same bars, after being subjected
to the company's special process, showed a tensile
strength of 86,900 pounds, and an elastic limit of 71,000
pounds per square inch. It was demonstrated that by
the company's process the resistance to transverse stress
is increased almost 100 per cent., and to the torsional
strength is added from 50 to 60 per cent. By making
good in this way, and bv overlooking no opportunity to
improve its machinery and methods of production, the
Union Drawn Steel Company explains the secret of its
success.
UNION STEEL CASTING COMPANY—The
members of the Union Steel Casting Company are C. C.
Smith, president; S. II. Church, vice-president; G. AA".
Eisenbeis, treasurer; G. AA'. Smith, secretary; J. P. Allen.
sales agent, and the Hon. AAr. P. Potter. 'The company
was established in 1899, and has a capital of $1,500,000.
It meets all obligations promptly, credit rating is high,
and financial reputation very fine.
The company manufactures steel castings of every
description from a few ounces up to 70,000 pounds
each. Special attention is given to the higher grade of
machinery, castings for locomotives, engines, etc. It
employs 475 people at its plant located at Sixty-first
Street and the Allegheny Valley Railway. Its general
offices are at Sixty-first and Butler Streets, Pittsburgh.
I he trade is principally domestic.
Practically the entire output is machinery castings,
the majority of which go into locomotives. 'They make
locomotive frames bv a successful patented process.
C. C. Smith, the president, has been with the company
since its inception, lie planned anil built the plant
and reorganized the company. ( r. W. Smith, secretary,
was educated for shop superintendent and has great
ability in handling men. J. R. Allen is a successful and
courteous sales agent, and was formerly with the Ameri­
can Steel Casting Company. The members of the company
have faith in Pittsburgh as the best possible location
for steel industries.
UNITED ENGINEERING & FOUNDRY COM­
PANY—Owing to the changed conditions in the imn
and steel manufacturing industry, growing out of the
consolidation of these interests, it was deemed good business
policy to unite several manufacturers in the mil
and machinery line into one organization where duplication
of designs, patterns, chemical and metallurgical
investigation could be avoided, and at the same time increase
the efficiency of the united plants. 'Therefore the
United Engineering & Foundry Co. was formed July 1.
1901. It consists of the Lloyd-Booth, situated at Phelps
and Oak Streets, Youngstown, Ohio; the Frank-Kneeland,
at Fifty-fourth Street, Pitsburgh; the Lincoln, at
Sixty-first Street, Pittsburgh, and the McGill, at
Twenty-sixth Street, Pittsburgh. 'The steel foundry is
at Vandergrift, Pa., and the general office is on the
twentv-tbird floor of the Farmers' Bank Building, Pittsburgh.
'The members of the company are Isaac AA'. Frank,
president; C. IT Booth, vice-president; S. A. Small.
second vice-president; Edward Ixneelan.l, treasurer;
Charles E. Satler, secretary, and C. IT Childs, chairman
of the executive committee. The company's stock
is $2,000,000 preferred, and $2,500,000 common.
The company manufactures complete equipments of
machinery for steel works, brass and copper mills, including
blooming mills, universal mills, plate mills,
slabbing mills, sheet mills, tin mills, guide mills, structural
mills, skelp mills, muck liar mills, and continuous
mills. It employs nine hundred men in its plants.
Its products are sold in nearly every State in the
LTnion, besides it enjoys a trade with Mexico, Canada,
England, France, German}-. Belgium, Russia and Tapan.
Its business has its headquarters in Pittsburgh, and
developed with Pittsburgh supremacy in the manufacturing
of steel and its products. It has built, and is
building, the largest institutions in the world, such as
the mills at Braddock. Homestead, Duquesne, Clairton,
Bethlehem. Smith at Chicago, and all the equipment to
date for Gary. Indiana.
Its mils have made a reputation wherever used on

I 82 () R Y ( ) S B U R G H
account of their quality. 'The company has developed
the chemistry of this business as has no other company.
It designs and builds complete plants and the machinery
therefore. It has a staff of seventy engineers and
draughtsmen, and the interested head of every department
is skilled in his line.
Their foundries are well equipped with electric
travelling cranes of large capacity; their roll department
is equipped for the manufacture of all kinds and sizes
of mils; their machine shops are completed with the
most modern tools and of such size as to finish the heaviest
castings or forgings made; their engineering department
is prepared to design and insure the operation of
individual machines or complete plants.
Each plant has a modern pattern shop, equipped with
improved machinery for the class of work intended to
be done. Railroad sidings run through each plant, and
the Pittsburgh plants are on the river front, so they can
ship by water, if necessary.
UNITED IRON & STEEL CO.—Viewed from Alt.
Washington the city of Pittsburgh presents a remarkable
scene. As the visitor peers down through the smoke and
the mist he may recall the fact that George Washington
stood upon the same spot 152 years ago, and as he looked
over the valley beneath he suggested that the confluence
of the rivers would be a good place for a fort. AVhat
did Washington see on that occasion, and what does the
visitor see from that hill-top to-day? To say the least.
the two views prove a striking contrast with a visual difference
of over a century of vears.
As AArashington looked out over the landscape as
far as his vision would carry, he saw broad sweeps
of forests, valleys and hill-tops crested with timber.
Yonder he could see the silver band of the Allegheny
fringed with green, as it joined the murky ribbon of
the Monongahela to form the beautiful Ohio before it
disappears behind the hills to the AVest. And yonder
above the tree tops he could see the smoke from the hut
of a hunter or the wigwam of a savage as it winged its
way skyward through the pure air. lie listened, but no
sound broke upon his ear save the song of the wild bird.
the clip of the wild man's oar in the river below, or the
ech. 1 of a shot from some hunter's gun.
But if you go to that spot now, what will you see
and hear? You will see that the forests have nearly
all disappeared, and away yonder in the dim distance
are the mines of coal, the pools of oil, the pockets of
gas, the bars of iron, the rails of steel, the sheets of tin,
the plates of glass, the ropes of wire, and the blocks of
armor that are bringing the dollars of the world to the
doors of our homes and making the community fat with
the material things of life. A great city lies at your
feet, and from the throats of a thousand mills you can
hear the triumphant song of Pittsburgh's industrial
supremacy as outlined by a lamented Pittsburgh poet:
"I am monarch of all the forges,
I have solved the riddle of fire.
The amen of nature to the good of man
Cometh at my desire.
I search with the subtle soul of flame
'The heart of the hidden earth,
And frmn under my hammers the prophecies
Of the miracle years go forth.
I am swart with the soot of chimneys,
I drip with the sweat of toil,
I quell and quench the savage thirst
And I charm the curse from the soil.
I fling the brid ^es across the gulfs
'That separate us from the to be.
And I build the mads of the bannered hosts
Of crowned humanity."
An important factor in establishing the industrial
supremacy of the Pittsburgh district is the United Iron &
Steel Co., which is controlled by Pittsburgh capitalists
who have been identified with the Iron Citv's development
for many vears. The directors of this company
are: Alexis AAr. Thompson, W. H. Schoen, Joshua AV.
Rhodes, Wm. B. Rhodes and Edwin N. Ohl, all of
Pittsburgh, and Harry Rubens and L. E. Block, of Chi­
cago. Messrs. Ohl, Schoen and Thompson are president,
vice-president and treasurer respectively, whose
names with those of the other directors carry great
weight in the business community and give their company
substantial standing.
'The United Iron & Steel Co. took over the Cherry
Valley Iron Company on November 1, 1906, for the
purpose of carrying on the manufacture of pig iron and
the mining of iron ore. It employs 300 at its blast furnaces,
and about 800 at the iron-ore mines. Its capital
is $2,000,000. with $3,000,000 of bonds issued. The
principal offices of the company are in the Peoples' Bank
Building, Pittsburgh. Pa. One blast furnace, 17x80
feet, is located at AA'est Middlesex. Pa., the capacity of
the two furnaces being about 650 tons daily.
The imn-ore mines in which this company is interested
are located in St. Louis County, Minnesota,
which will produce during the present year from eight
hundred thousand to one million (800,000 to 1,000,000)
tons of iron ore.
ddie company also owns over seven hundred (700)
acres of coking coal located in the Connellsville district,
Fayette County, Pa., which is not yet developed, but
probably will be during the present year.
The charter of this company was granted under date
of November 2-j, 1906, and it succeeds to all of the business
of the Cherry Valley Imn Company, of which the
late Jos. G. Chamberlain was president and general manager,
and has continued in operation since that time under
the ownership of various companies, but was bought
by the Cherry Valley Imn Company Mav 1, 1900.

T II I S I ) R Y O F I I T T (i 183
The furnace at AVest Middlesex, Pa., was built by
the late Hon. E. A. Wheeler in 1872 and was purchased
from him and his associates by the Cherry Valley Iron
Company April 1, 1901.
Both of these furnaces have been entirely rebuilt and
complete new equipment installed within the last threeyears,
and they are now up-to-date modern blast furnaces.
The company's product, both ore and pig, is sold
in the open market.
THE UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORA­
TION—From the depths of the mine to the summit of
finance rises in rugged
grandeur the world's largest
industrial incorporation.
Across the commercial
horizon, Olympus-like,
it lifts its awe-inspiring proportions.
From the valley
to the uplands, frmn the
foot hills to the mountain
t o p a re upheaved vast
aggregations of capital and
productive energy. .Assets,
resources and opportunities
are piled up; company upon
company lends increasingbulk
and substance to the
mass; past achievements upraised
to higher efficiency
culminate in the Lhiited
States Steel Corporation.
AV i t h its f a r-f lung
strength and concentrated
power, the greatest financial
entity in the richest and
most resourceful nation on
earth is the creation of this
country's astounding increase
of business. It was
the direct 0 utc 0 me o f
changed conditions. It is
the archetype of a new order
of things. Called into existence by America's unprecedented
prosperity, constituted by the aggregation
of companies, the smallest of which is a corporation of
tremendous magnitude, it represents to the utmost twentieth-century
methods. All amazing amalgamation of
forces at the outset, securing control of immensely important
properties, exalted, dominant, it conducts with
facility and ease stupendous operations. A prodigious,
advantageous unification of a community of interests
this modern colossus bestrides the steel industry of the
T nited States.
The United States Steel Corporation was organized
WILLIAM E. COKI.V
under the laws of New Jersey on February 25, 1901.
Iii April of that year it began to do business on a scale
previously inconceivable. Its authorized capitalization
was $1,100,000,000. At the commencement, by a series
of world-astonishing transactions, were acquired:
(arnegie Steel Company, The Lorain Steel Company,
Illinois Steel Company, American Steel & Wire Co., Na­
tional 'Tube Companies, Shelby Steel Tube ( ompany,
American Bridge Company, American Sheet & I m
Plate Co.
A little later was perfected the corporation's title to:
Union Steel Company, Claireton Steel Company, 'The
Universal Portland Cement Company.
All of the above-named
enormous concerns with
their divers and vast possessions
the United States
Steel ('. irporatii m o w 11 s,
and, in additii >n t.. the holdings
of its subsidiaries, it
has immensely valuable assets
in the Lake Superior
irmi mines.
'That its operations and
plans in the future might be
carried through to greater
advantage, the corporation
brought into being the following:
United States Steel
Products Export Company,
Indiana Steel Company,
(larv Land ('ompany.
In November, 1907, the
Lmited States Steel Corporation
purchased a controlling
interest in the Tennessee
Coal & Iron Co.
In monetary prestige, in
the extent of its natural and
created advantages, in the
scope of its operations, in
the vastness of its capacity,
in the immensity of its output
the superlative corporation
is "United States Steel." In attempting to describe
its resources and facilities, ordinary comparisons
are pitifully out of place. Only by contrasting
its achievements, not with those of other companies,
but with the industries of countries, can any
adequate idea be obtained. Great Britain that in steel
production mice was the leading nation, now makes less
steel than the United States Steel Corporation. The
German Empire, with all its scientific advancement and
practical enterprise, does not produce, annually, anywhere
near an amount of steel equal to the output of
this one American concern. AA'ith England and Germany
outdone, the corporation has won in six years the

[84 O Y O
acknowledgment that it produces more than one-fourth
of the world's supply of steel. 'Take seriously into consideration
the various uses of steel in these days, how
essential it is to civilization, how the utilization of it has
developed and increased, how immense is the quantity
required, not by one nation, but by the whole inhabited
globe: then think how great is the constructive power
of a company that prepares more than a fourth part of
the steel annuallv needed by all humanity.
In the vastness and present accessibility of the iron
ore deposits of the Lake Superior region exist the primary
reason of America's steel supremacy. In northern
Michigan and in Minnesota are mountains and plains
of imn ore. Red and heavy underneath the soil of the
forest primeval lies the secret of cheap steel. In farreaching
pockets, in immense heaps, in whole ranges of
hills, practically on the surface, ready to be scooped up
and carried away, is the Superior iron ore. To those
accustomed to the mining methods that obtain elsewhere,
a Mesaba imn mine is one of the world's wonders.
'There are no deep shafts, no long tunnels, no rock blasting
and tedious hoisting, but just a great excavation open
to the light of day.
ddie Mesaba miner uses a steam shovel. AA'ith one
of these powerful, steam-operated excavators eight men
can load more ore in an hour than 500 delving miners
could bring up from the ordinary mine in a day. At
every swing of the steam shovel's arm five tons of ore
drop into a waiting car. The arm swings twice a minute.
'Ten strokes of the excavator, in five minutes, fill a 50ton
car. So soon as twenty cars are loaded, the engine
pulls them out of the mine, and the train speeds 011 its
way 80 miles through the woods to the shore of Lake
Superior. From the high trestle work of the ore dock
the cars quickly dump their contents into the ore bins beneath.
Back goes the train again for another 1,000 ton
load. In this manner is mined the iron ore of the United
States Steel Corporation.
In addition to its developed mines, the corporation
either owns in fee or holds under long-term leases on
the ranges named extensive acreages of land, much of
which contains immense quantities of ore vet unopened.
On the land also is a large amount of valuable timber.
The great ore tracts of the Northern Pacific Railway
Company are leased to the United States Steel Corporation.
Under this lease the royalty to be paid for the oreis
$1.65 per gross ton for ore containing 59 per cent, of
metallic iron delivered in the docks at the head of Lake-
Superior. If the ore grades higher or lower than 59
per cent., the royalty will be varied accordingly. The
contract provides that the ore shall be paid for on a basis
of $1.65 per ton for all shipments made in 1907; thereafter
the base price increases at the rate of three and
four-tenths cents per ton each succeeding year. The
minimum to be mined and shipped in 1907 is 750,000
tons. Afterwards the minimum increases bv 750,000
I- I T T S B U R G II
tons per year until it reaches 8,250,000 tons; the annual
minimum then to continue on that basis. 'The lease is
effective until the ore is exhausted, unless on January 1,
1915, the contract is terminated under the option re­
served to the lessee.
AA'ith the "Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Co., of
which it recently secured control, the Lmited States Steel
Corporation acquired 29 iron ore mines with an annual
capacity of over 3,000,000 tons of red and brown
hematite ores, located at or near Green Springs, Ish-
kooda, Smvthe. Redding, Readers, Legousta, Spark's
Gap, Champion, McMath, Martiban, Standiford, Giles
and Bessemer in Alabama and near Emerson in Georgia.
In all the 'Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Co. owned
about 40,000 acres of iron ore land, and 70,000 acres
of undeveloped mineral land, besides 304,000 acres of
coal land, and 29,000 acres of land chiefly valuable for
its timber. These southern iron ore deposits are sus­
ceptible of being worked very cheaply and advantageously.
From the mines of the corporation is excavated ap­
proximately one-fifth of the world's annual output of
imn ore. And the possession of enormous deposits of
cheaply obtained Superior ore is made doubly important
by the control of the world's most valuable coking coal
and coke production. From the Connellsville districts
is obtained the coal that makes the coke that gives the
most satisfactory results in steel manufacturing. 'The
corporation not only has the bulk', but the cream of
the Connellsville properties. Subsidiaries of the LTnited
States Steel Corporation own in the Connellsville and
lower Connellsville districts in Westmoreland and Favette
Counties, Pennsylvania :
Acreage of c ial 62,517 acres
Acreage of surface 20,059 "
Number of coking plants 65
Number of beehive ovens 18,822
In the Pocahontas district in McDowell County, AA^est
Virginia, the corporation's subsidiaries have leased upwards
of 50,000 acres of coal. In connection with
these properties are eight coking plants comprising 2,151
beehive ovens. Also at Benwood, AA'est Virginia, and
Shamn and Smith Sharon, Pennsylvania, are operated,
in all, 557 by-product coke ovens. Sundry tracts of
steam coal located at or near the furnaces and plants of
subsidiary companies in Pennsylvania, AA'est A'irginia,
Ohio, Indiana and in Williamson County. Illinois, aggregate
about 6,500 acres. In Washington. Allegheny,
Green, Somerset and Fayette Counties, Pennsylvania,
are various gas and steam coal lands having a total area
of 25.408 acres.
In 1006, besides the coal required to make the 15.-
295>°73 tr|ns of coke which it manufactured, the company
mined 1,012,444 tons of other coal.
Illustrative of the Lmited States Steel Corporation's

II () A' (» I" S U R G M [85
methods of coal mining is the statement that "the
Traveskyn coal mine, near Pittsburgh, which was built
entirely by the corporation, has probably no equal in the
world for safety, convenience and efficiency." "All the
hauling is done by four six-ton electric locomotives on
a double-track mad, without a grade anywhere of more
than 80 feet to the mile." 'The mine is lighted throughout
by electricity. Its walls near the pit's mouth arc-
whitewashed. A $12,000 ventilating apparatus blows
through the mine a constant stream of fresh air. An
independent telephone system connects the superintendent
with every part of the mine. The output of the mine is
2,000 tons a dav, Wvn tons per man. 'The 400 workmen
live in neat cottages scattered
through a grove of trees. A
few of the men make $[50
a month, but the average
wages are about half as much.
After making a tour of investigation
through the 'Trave­
skyn mine, Herbert N. Casson
said: "In the past dozen
vears I have seen manv mines
in this country and Great Britain,
but never one like this."
At the coking plants of the
corporation this historian ol
the steel industry saw "the
same good management and
free expenditure of capital."
In the past year for its
own use the corporation from
its various properties quarried
2,227,436 tons of lime­
stone.
'Through two of its subsidiaries,
the Carnegie Steel
Company and the American
Sheet and 'Tin Plate Company,
the corporation owns 111
Pennsylvania and AA'est A ir- i.vvu.s
ginia extensive natural gas
territory. Altogether the Carnegie Company has (either
owned or under lease ) 148,151 acres of gas land. T til-
ized in the exploitation of this property are 400 miles of
pipe line and four pumping stations. From the wells on
the American Sheet & 'Tin Plate Co.'s great acreage
through extensive pipeage is drawn the gas used at the
immense plants in the Vandergrift district.
By virtue of its manufacturing facilities of almost
inconceivable immensity and diversity, the corporation
can make anything in steel, from a tack to a sky-scraper,
from a bit of wire to a bridge across the Mississippi,
from a tin can to the shell-defying armor of a battleship.
'The capacity of the various plants is best attested by
their output.
hi the incessant strife for increased production, the
corporation upholds the standard of quality it has established
in every item of its manufacture. .Always its
efforts are most persistently directed towards making
better steel. Not only in mining and manufacturing, but
in shipping, the United States Steel Corporation excels.
It ranks sixth mi the list of the world's greatest merchant
ship owners. Its Lake steamers constitute the largest
and most efficient commercial fleet under the American
flag. In its Lake fleet are 72 steamers and 2 barges.
What can be done in a Lake "season" depends somewhat
mi the length and severity of the winter, but "l
long voyages the steamers average 1.; trips a year. I hefleet
earns, annuallv, more
than $10,000,000. 'The average
large steel ore boat carries
almost 7.000 tmis and
makes approximately 1 2 knots
an hour. Recently the corporation
built four steamers
(each of which cost $1,700,-
000) of the latest and most
improve.1 type for Lake service.
Of over 12,000 tons
burden, these four steamers
in a favorable season can
"carry down the Lakes" upwards
of 900,000 tmis of ore.
Tor quickness in receiving
and discharging cargo, vessels
of this class are unequalled.
It is of record that 10.500
tons of ore were placed mi
board a Lake steamer in 90
minutes. The American idea
of celerity is exemplified by a
vessel that takes on 500 tons
in five minutes and unloads a
like amount of ore in a quar­
ter . if an h. lur.
Great docks, unsurpassed
in their equipment for receiving,
handling and forwarding freight, chiefly ore.
are owned by the corporation at Two Harbors and
Duluth. Minnesota, Milwaukee, AAfisconsin. Chicago,
Illinois and at Ashtabula. Cleveland, Lorain, Fairport
and Conneaut, Ohio. On no other docks in the world
is the transfer of freight, chiefly ore, accomplished with
such tremendous expedition and so little expense. Wonderfully
ingenious arrangements, the utilization of great
bridge cranes, McMyler and Ilulett unloaders and other
contrivances so efficient and adaptable that they seem
almost uncanny, do practically all the work: the men
merely direct the machines. Within half a day after an
ore steamer arrives, its entire cargo is aboard trains that
are speeding on their way to Pittsburgh or wherever

[86 S T O R A" () I P I T T S B U R G H
mav be the ore's destination. At Conneaut, now in point
ol tonnage the greatest port on Lake Erie, a harbor
which owes its business almost entirely to first the Car­
negie Steel Company and afterwards the United States
Steel Corporation, four miles of 50-ton ore cars havebeen
loaded and hauled out in a dav.
Of important, profitably operated ore railroads the
United States Steel Company owns:
'The Duluth & Iron Range Railroad, the Duluth,
Missabe & Northern Railway, the Elgin, Joliet eK: Eastern
Railway, the Chicago, Lake Sin .re & Eastern Railway,
and the Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad.
Besides these it has a number of short lines and connections.
In all, taking in account main lines, branches,
spurs, sidings, second tracks and what is utilized under
trackage rights, the corporation operates over 2,500
miles of railroad. Included in its rolling stock are about
800 locomotives and approximately 36,000 cars. Because
of the unusually heavy freight traffic these socalled
ore railroads are most substantially built, progressively
managed and kept in excellent repair.
Producing in 1906 Portland cement to the amount
of 2,076,000 barrels, the three cement plants in the
Chicago district, formerly operated by the Illinois Steel
Company, were transferred to another subsidiary, the
Universal Portland Cement Company. 'The completion
of two new plants, mie at Buffingt.ni, In.liana, with an
annual capacity of 2,000,000 barrels, and another at
Universal, Pennsylvania, where 1,500,000 barrels yearly
will be made, with other improvements increases the corporation's
cement production to 6,000,000 barrels annually.
In other words, the United States Steel Corporation
is producing yearly three times the total amount
of Portland cement made by the entire country in 1896,
a marvelous increase indeed.
In Indiana, not far from Chicago, 011 the shore of
Lake Michigan, the United States Steel Corporation acquired
a large tract of land. 'The model citv that is
growing up there is called Gary, in honor of the chairman
of the corporation. At Gary are being erected by
the Illinois Steel Company eight blast furnaces, 56 openhearth
furnaces, blooming and rail mill, various finishing
mills, a central power plant, foundries, machine
shops and other appurtenances of what will be one of the
United States Steel Corporation's most important establishments.
'The harbor, docks and railroad terminals at
Carv- will be constructed so as to afford every possible
advantage and facility in receiving ore and transferring
freight.
'The site of the citv of Gary covers about 7.500 acres.
()n this tract, through the activity of the Gary Land
Company, a substantial city is being created with wondrous
rapidity. Everything in connection with Gary is
well planned. In everything done, there is excellent construction.
Comprehended in the contracts now beinoexecuted
are water works, gas works, a complete sewer-
age system, well paved streets, wide and enduring side­
walks and handsome and substantial buildings.
At Gary the United States Steel Corporation has al­
ready expended $18,589,000, and for the completion of
the corporation's plans are further funds reserved to the
extent of $30,461,000.
On January 1, 1907 (in the case of the coke men on
March 1, 1907), the United States Steel Corporation increased
the wages of 131,000 employees. This advance
applied practically to all who were paid day rates, and to
a considerable number of those who received monthly
salaries. 'The average increase was six and six-tenths
per cent. 'This raise to the men increases the corporation's
expenditures for labor approximately $6,000,000
a year. During the past two years the working force of
the corporation averaged as follows:
Employees of VI(.6 '9°5
Number Number
Manufacturing properties 147,048 130,614
Coal and coke properties 21,929 20,883
Imn ore mining properties 14,393 12,068
Transportation properties 16,638 T4o24
Miscellaneous properties 2-449 2,069
Total -202,457 180,158
Total annual salaries and 1906. * 1905.
wages $147,765,540 $128,052,955
It is the practice of the corporation to distribute annually
substantial bonuses to a large number of employees
who merit the same. At the conclusion of the present
year will be created a considerable pension fund.
'The export trade of the United States Steel Corporation
now amounts to upwards of 1,000,000 tons a
vear. Such of its products as are marketed abroad are
sold at prices substantially on a parity with domestic
prices. 'The extension and development of the corporation's
foreign sales are carefully looked after by the
United States Steel Products Export Company, a subsidiary
organized for that especial purpose. Every detail
pertaining to the sale and delivery of the corporation's
products to purchasers outside the United States is entrusted
to the "Export" company. 'The million tons
which the corporation annually exports is distributed in
one way or another all over the earth.
On June 30, 1907, the corporation had on hand unfilled
orders aggregating 7,603,878 tons. Partly due to
the increased capacity of various plants, but principally
caused by the financial stringency, this tonnage on November
1, 1907. had decreased to some 6,025,000 tons.
Orders then being booked averaged about 18,000 tons
a day.
A\ hen the corporation was organized, subsidiary
companies had outstanding notes and bills amounting to
$42,000,000. All of these, except $1,047,000, have
been paid. The latter amount represents deposits of employees
under a savings-account arrangement.

T 1 S T ( ) R Y 0 F S B U R G I 187
Since the formation of the corporation, in addition
to the payment of dividends and interest, there has been
provided from the earnings a reserve for the extinguish­
ment of capital of $79,570,000, and there has been
added to the assets from the same source $266,-
180,000.
"Cash in banks, $75,973,000." That significant item
in the quarterly statement of the United States Steel ('.uporatimi
mi October 1, 1907, explained, perhaps, more
convincingly than anything else could the excellent financial
condition of the corporation.
For 1906 the gross sales and earnings of the corporation
amounted to $696,756,926.01. Frmn other sources
it derived additional income to the extent of $5,368,-
942.93. When frmn this
prodigious total of $702,-
125,868.94 was deducted
the manufacturing and producing
cost, the operating
expenses (in which were included
charges for ordinary
maintenance and r e p airs
amounting to $29,000,000).
interest charges, taxes and
other incidental expenditures
for the year, there remained
net earnings to the
extent of $156,624,273.18.
The dividends that the
United States Steel Corporation
has declared, its earnings
month by month, from
the time of its organization.
to the ordinary person are
the best elucidation of the
facts concerning this stupendous
aggregation of productive
energy and potential
finance.
Despite its overshadow­
ing importance the United
States Steel Corporation is not mi unfriendly terms with
its competitors. It has never used its tremendous power
to crush out smaller rivals. Nm" has it ever utilized its
commanding position to elevate prices to the public detriment.
On the contrary, it has notably recognized the
fact that stability of prices is desired by both the producer
and the consumer. "Through improvements ami
better conditions it has reduced the cost of manufacturing
approximately ten per cent. By its policy of pub­
licity it has disarmed prejudice.
Administering affairs of the greatest magnitude ever
entrusted to private individuals in the success that they
have achieved, the men at the head of the United States
Steel Corporation have shown an astonished world howwell
thev have in hand entire control of the situation.
ELBERT II. CAKY
Directors (term expires [907): Edmund C. Con­
verse, Elbert II. Gary, Chairman; James Gayley, J. Pierpont
Morgan, 'Thomas Morrison, George W. Perkins,
llenr}- Phipps, Henry II. Rogers; (term expires [908:)
George F. Baker, William E. Corey, John F, Dryden,
('lenient A. Griscom, Marvin Ilughitt. Daniel G. Reid,
John I). Rockefeller, Jr., Nathaniel 'Thayer: (term expires
k>o(j:) William Edenborn, Henry C. Trick. William
IT Moore, Norman B. Ream. James IT Reed,
Charles Steele, Peter A. IT Widener, Robert Winsor.
Finance Committee: Elbert IT Gary, Chairman;
George F. Baker. William E. Corey, Henry C. Frick.
George W. Perkins, Henry Philips, Norman B. Ream,
Henry IT Rogers, Peter A. B. Widener.
(ieneral < (fficers : Elbert
IT (iarv, ('bairman : William
E. Corev. President ;
lames Gayley, First Vice-
President; William B. Dickson,
Sec.uid Vice-President;
Francis Lynde Stetson, ("ieneral
Counsel; Richard 'Trimble,
Secretary and 'Treasurer;
William J. Filbert,
(iomptroller : J. P. Morgan
& ("., Fiscal Agents.
Stock Transfer Department:
71 Broadway, New
York City; 51 Newark-
Street, Hoboken, New Jersey.
Registrars of St. ick : T1 ir
preferred stock, "The New
York 'Trust Company. New
York City. Tor common
stock. Guaranty 'Trust Company,
New York City.
The company's general
offices are located at No. 51
Newark St., I [oboken, N. T.
VULCAN CRUCIT.LT: STEEL COMPANY—The
Vulcan Crucible Steel Company manufactures tool steel
used for all kinds of machine-shop tools, such as lathe,
planer, taps, files, shear knives, drills, punches, chisels,
etc. The number of employees are 150; the general
office and works are situated at Aliquippa, Pa., with
branch offices and warehouses at 102 Purchase Street,
Boston, Mass., and at 45 Smith Clinton Street, Chicago,
111.
"The company is a corporation of which John Caldwell
is president: Samuel G. Stafford, vice-president;
AA'. A. Campbell, secretary and treasurer; W. A. Shaw
and George IT B. Martin are directors of the company.
'The company was established August 28, 1901, and
is capitalized at $500,000.

[88 S T O R Y O F I T s U R G H
I he Vulcan tool steel is made in the following grades:
A ulcan "Special" is especially recommended for the most
expensive tools, or wherever the requirements are exces­
sive, as for milling cutters, lathe and planer tools, dies
and punches. Vulcan "Extra" for the purposes requir­
ing steel of extra strength and toughness, such as lathe
tools, milling cutters, twist drills, taps, reamers, punches,
button sets, dies, shear blades, etc.
Vulcan "Superior" is a standard quality for general
tool purposes, such as chisels, cutters, chop tools, rock
drills, tor hard quarry work and manv other uses of
varii »us kinds.
A ulcan "Fort Pitt" is a steel made especially for all
ordinary classes of work, uniform and carefully manufactured.
Vulcan "Extra Drill" possesses a combination of
hardness and toughness made exclusively for miner's
drills, for both machine and hand work in octagon,
grooved and rounds.
Vulcan "High Speed" steel is a grade that is revolutionizing
machine-shop operations. It permits of running
machines at highest possible speed consistent with
economy. The machine's capacity is five times greater
than with the use of carbon steels. AA'ith this increase
in output and the tremendous saving in machinists' time,
any one can see what an economical proposition it is to
use high-speed steel. It is said that it has all the good
points of the other brands, but none of the bad ones. It
is absolutely uniform, insuring the same results from
every bar, and it has the greatest strength and cuttingpower.
In addition to these commendable features no
especial treatment is required to work it for the best
results. 'This is a peculiarity that in itself is of very high
merit.
Automobile steel is a high-grade cast steel, especially
manufactured for automobile springs, bit and jar steel
for oil, gas and artesian wells; smelter bar is a good
tough steel which will give the best results for this purpose,
and vulcan pick steel is tough, strong and easily
wielded.
Besides these special grades is a long list of miscellaneous
steels, such as steel, auger bit steel, cutlery, dieblock,
cotton spindle, etc.
The Vulcan Crucible Steel Company's success is attributed
to the exceptionally high grade of steel it manufactures,
the extreme care in the selection of raw materials,
and the employment of the most skilled workmen.
'The greatest possible care is taken in selecting for
each individual order the steel best adapted as to grade
and temper for the work intended. 'The company is
always able to satisfy the most severe requirements of
the company's vast trade.
Of the directors, Mr. John Caldwell, president, is
treasurer of the Westinghouse Air Brake Company; Air.
AW A. Shaw is president of the Bank of Pittsburgh,
N. A., and Air. Samuel G. Stafford, vice-president, was
formerly a member of the firm of Wuth & Stafford,
chemists.
'THE ZUG IRON & STEEL CO.—In 1845 the firm
of Graff, Lindsay & Co., of which Christopher Zug was
a partner, purchased the Lippincott Iron AA-Virks and
changed the name to the "Sable Iron AVorks." About
1854 the firm became Zug, Lindsay & Co. A year later
was acquired the Pittsburgh Iron A\T>rks from Lorenz
Stirling & Co., with which firm Jacob Painter was associated.
In 185(1 the business was reorganized, and both
plants were operated by Zug and Painter. At this time
Air. Zug admitted his son Charles H. as a partner, and
for twenty years the business was carried on by Zug &
Co. At the expiration of the partnership in 1905, under
the laws of Pennsylvania, with an authorized capitalization
of $1,000,000 was incorporated the Zug Iron &
Steel Co.
The officers of the company are Charles H. Zug,
President; Charles G. Zug, A'ice-President; Charles H.
Reid, Treasurer, and A. M. Brown, Secretary, all of
whom stand very high in both the business and the social
world.
'The principal products of the company are high-grade
forging bar iron for locomotive and machine shops, staybolt,
engine stud bolt and special chain iron and steel
and iron sheets, black and galvanized.
In producing iron for special work where steel and
common iron fail to satisfy, the Zug Iron & Steel Co.
has an unsurpassed reputation. The excellence of its
special iron is recognized throughout the country.
At the plant at 'Thirteenth and Etna Streets, Pittsburgh,
over 700 men are employed.
SHEET AND TIN PLATE
FROM THE THICKEST ARMOR PLATE DOWN TO TINFOIL IS A
WIDE RANGE
'The sheets and plates turned out of the mills of Pittsburgh
are put to manifold uses. Emm the thickest armorplate
for the world's greatest battleship to the tinfoil
around a cheap cigar is a wide range, within the scope
of which are innumerable variations. 'The extraordinary
growth of the tin-plate industry is probably the most
striking. In 1891 our importations of tin plate exceeded
1,056,000,000 pounds, and our production for the year
was reported at about one-fifth of that amount. Eifteen
years later our imports were slightly more than 120,000,-
000 pounds, while domestic production had increased to
more than a billion pounds. 'The official figures for 1907
are not at present available, but it is estimated that American
mills produced 1,560,000 tons of plates for tinning,
roofing sheets and black plates of an estimated value of
more than $48,000,000. 'The output of various forms
of rolled iron and steel other than tin plates averages
350,000 tmis a year. Pennsylvania produces 56 per cent.

S T () Y ( ) S u r g ii 189
of the total production, and of this amount 45 per cent.
is credited to the mills of the Pittsburgh district.
This department of the iron and steel industry is
rapidly encroaching upon the field formerly occupied exclusively
by wood. In the heavier forms the most im­
portant change has been in the manufacture of railroad
cars, the success of the various types of freight cars
leading to the construction of passenger coaches. In the
lighter and more artistic forms, however, much progress
is being made. Every modern counting mom is now
equipped with metal filing-cases, and every modern business
office now has its steel mil-top desk, which to the
average observer cannot be distinguished frmn the most
highly polished mahogany. Art metal ceilings, once a
novelty, are now common, and in dwelling houses the fire
hazard has been reduced by the substitution of steel for
the old wooden lathing. So rapidly are new uses being
found for the products of our sheet and plate mills, and
so numerous have been the recent substitutions of steel
and iron for wood and stone, that it would be a rash
prophet who would attempt to fix a limit to future developments
in this direction. 'The present demand seems
but the beginning of an illimitable future.
THE AMERICAN SHEET & TIN PLATE CO.—
Changed conditions show how thoroughly time disproves
fallacious arguments. Less than twenty years ago, confidently,
vehemently, with bitter reiteration, in the halls
of Congress, on the stump and in the columns of newspapers
opposed to a protective tariff the establishment
of an American tin-plate industry of any importance was
declared to be ridiculous, undesirable and impossible.
Yet to-day a full regiment added to the strength of the
entire standing army of the United States before the
Spanish-American AA-'ar only approximates the number
of employees in the pay of the American Sheet & 'Tin
Plate Co. AA'here formerly the tin-plate production of
the country was a negligible quantity, the output of one
company now amounts to more than 14.000,000 boxes
a year. The experience of past years demonstrates that
no country makes better tin plate than the LTnited States.
Also, the American consumer now gets the very best, a
home product, for about half what was paid for an
article of like quality when the tin plate used in America
was made in foreign countries.
So early as 1870 several men were of the opinion
that tin plate might be manufactured advantageously in
this country. Of these William C. Cronemeyer, of Mc­
Keesport, took the first step. He brought about the
organization of the United States Iron & Tin Plate
Manufacturing Co. In 1873 Cronemeyer and his associates
established a rolling and tin-plate mill in Demmler.
A little later another tin-plate plant was erected in Leechburg.
'The result was that these factories proved con­
clusively that tin plate of a quality equal to. if not better
than the Welsh importation, could be produced 111
America. But the insignificant duty then collected on
tm plate gave European manufacturers who paid low
wages an unfair advantage in the American market.
I hrough the efforts put forth bv tin-plate importers,
and due to the prejudice that existed during the freetrade
agitation, blighted was the prosperity of United
States tin plants.
The enactment of the "McKinley Law" in 1892 soon
caused a change for the better to occur. By the terms
oi the " McKinley Act" the duty mi terne plates
was practially doubled. Opportunities were equalized.
American tin-plate manufacturers thenceforth could, and
did, successfully meet all foreign competition.
After the "McKinley Act" went into effect, many
tin mills were built. Successful tin-plate factories were
located in various parts of the country. But the Pittsburgh
district with its special advantages secured the
greater number, as well as the largest and most thrifty
of these establishments. AA'hen the merits of American
tin plate were properly appreciated, the small dipping
plants with their few tinning stacks rapidly expanded.
'That they might make both the black plates and the finished
product, enlarged companies installed, in addition
to their tin mills, black-plate rolling-plants. 'The demand
for their output not only increased, but multiplied.
Ihe business growth and prosperity of the country was
reflected in the tin-plate industry. Yet, from a commercial
point of view, the situation was susceptible of considerable
impr. iv emeiit.
'Through the strategy of 1). G. Reid. A\". B. Leeds
and the Moore Brothers practically all of the tin-plate
companies in the country were united. In 1900 by this
master stroke was created the American Tin Plate Company.
Shortly afterwards in the organization of the
American Sheet Steel Company were merged all the large
black-sheet plants in the United States. For several
years the two corporations were separated. Each had
its own executives. In the Fall of 1003, however, were
made apparent the advantages that would accrue if the
two were brought together under one management. In
the formation of the American Sheet & 'Tin Plate Co. in
January, 1904, was effected this tremendous and desirable
ci msolidatii »n.
The various plants acquired by the American Sheet
& Tin Plate Co. in 1904 were as follows:
Rolling Mills and Steel AA'orks—Aetna Standard
AA'orks. Bridgeport. Ohio; American AA'orks, Ellwood,
Indiana; Anderson Works, Anderson, Indiana; Beaver
AA'orks, Lisbon, Ohio; Cambridge AA'orks, Cambridge,
Ohio; Canton AA'orks, Canton, Ohio; Chester AA'orks,
Chester, AA'est Virginia; Crescent AA'orks, Cleveland,
Ohio; Dennison Works, Dennison, Ohio; Dover AA'orks,
Canal Dover. Ohio; Dresden AA'orks. Dresden. Ohio;
Falcon AA'orks (two), Niles, Ohio; Guernsey AA'orks,
Guernsey. Ohio; Humbert AA'orks, South Connellsville,
Pennsylvania; Hyde Park AA'orks, Hv.le Park. Penn-

T H E O Y 0 F T S B U G 191
sylvania; Imndale AA'orks. Middletown, Indiana; La
Belle Works^ Wheeling, AA'est Virginia; Laughlin AA'orks,
Martins Ferry, Ohio; Leechburg AA'orks, Leechburg,
Pennsylvania; Monongahela Works, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
Midland AA'orks, Muncie, Indiana; Morewood
Works, Gas City, Indiana; National Works, Monessen.
Pennsylvania; New Castle Works, New Castle, Penn­
sylvania; New Philadelphia AA'orks, New Philadelphia,
Ohio; Pennsylvania AA'orks, New Kensington, Pennsylvania;
Piqua AA'orks, Piqua, Ohio; Pittsburgh AA'orks,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Saltsburg AA'orks, Saltsburg,
Pennsylvania; Scottdale Works (two), Scottdale, Pennsylvania;
Sharon Works (two), Sharon, Pennsylvania;
Shenango Works, New Castle, Pennsylvania; Star
AA'orks, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Struthers AA'orks.
Struthers, Ohio; United States Works ( Demmler ), Mc­
Keesport, Pennsylvania; Vandergrift AA'orks, Vandergrift,
Pennsylvania; Wellsville AA'orks, Wellsville, Ohio;
Woods AVorks, McKeesport, Pennsylvania.
Tin Plate and Terrie Plate Works—American AA'orks.
Ellwood, Indiana; Anderson AA'orks, Anderson, Indiana:
Beaver AVorks, Lisbon, Ohio; Chester AA'orks, Chester,
AVest Virginia'; Crescent AA'orks, Cleveland, Ohio; Falcon
AA'orks, Niles, Ohio; Humbert AA'orks, Smith Connellsville,
Pennsylvania; La Belle Works, Wheeling,
AVest Virginia; Laughlin AA'orks, Martins Ferry,
Ohio; Monongahela AA'orks, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
Morewood AA'orks, Gas City, Indiana; National
AA'orks, Monessen, Pennsylvania; New Castle AA'orks.
New Castle, Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Works, New-
Kensington, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh AA'orks, New-
Kensington, Pennsylvania; Sharon Works, Sharon,
Pennsylvania; Shenango AA'orks, New Castle, Pennsylvania;
Star AA'orks, Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania; United
States Works (Demmler), McKeesport, Pennsylvania.
ddie above named plants, changed and rearranged so
that they might be operated to greater economic advantage,
have been brought to a higher degree of efficiency
by the American Sheet & 'Tin Plate Co. AA'ith the modifications
and improvements made, the company now controls
and operates 36 plants in which are comprised 408
sheet and tin mills. Nineteen of the plants, 248 mills,
produce only bright and terne plates and tin mill spe­
cialties.
Of the tin-plate division of the company's production
some of the more important segregations are:
"MF Ternes." "U. S. Eagle Roofing 'Tin." "America
Old Style," "American Numethod," "American Charcoal
and Coke Bright 'Tins." "tin dairy stock," "stamping
and taggers' tin" and "continuous mil roofing."
Prominent among its sheet-steel products are:
"Apollo Best Bloom Galvanized Sheets" and "Charcoal
Hammered Bloom Galvanized Sheets"; included in the
black sheets which the company manufactures are:
"American Bessemer," "American Open-Hearth." "LI.
S. Electrical," "American Armature." "AA'. Dewees
Wood's (leaned Refined Smooth Finish," "Morton
Polished Steel." "W. Dewees Wood Company's Refined
Planished Imn," "Wellsville Polished," "corrugate.1 and
crimped sheets" and "formed steel roofing and siding."
'To sufficiently comprehend the quantity and variety
of the company's output is beyond mie unacquainted
with the present proportions of steel-sheet and tin-plate
manufacturing. A'et tested to the utmost is the company
that maintains a working force of over 26,000 men,
a corporation that has an authorized capitalization of
$52,000,000, an enterprise endowed with the strength
and activity of 36 great aggregations of industry. Because
its output can be utilized profitably in so many
ways, because the reputation as to quality of its product
has been so well kept up, the company, with all its im­
mense capacity, must exert itself to supply what the
market demands.
In every phase of its manufacturing and incidental
operations, frmn the excavation of the ore to the last
inspection of its finished product, the work of the company
is carried mi according to the strictest specifica­
tions of modern progress.
'Ihe officers of the company arc men who have been
identified prominently for vears with the sheet and tinplate
industry. A high position with this corporation
is no sinecure. Upon the occupants of the exalted places
is imposed not only very great responsibilities, but arduous
duties. Not only are the officers chosen for their
experience, discernment and good judgment, but they
are specially picked out because of their ability to do a
lot of work rapidly and well. Because of their proven
worth and not through financial favoritism they were
promoted to posts of authority. 'The present officers of
the American Sheet & 'Tin Plate Co. at Pittsburgh are:
C. W. Bray, President: E. AA'. Pargny. First A'ice-President;
S. A. Davis. Second Vice-President; C. W. Bennett.
Assistant to President; H. B. Wheeler, 'Treasurer,
and IT L. Austin, Auditor.
'The stock of the American Sheet ee Tin Plate Co. is
owned bv the United States Steel Corporation.
THE McCLURE COM PAN A'—One of the more
recently incorporated business concerns of Pittsburgh,
as well as one of the most enterprising and successful, is
that wh.ise name heads this paragraph. 'This company
was incorporated January 21. [903, under the laws of
the State of Pennsylvania, for the purpose of manufacturing
tin plates and dealing in tinners' and roofers' supplies.
Idle business had been conducted as a co-partnership
concern under a different title for some years primto
the incorporation of the new company. 'The officers
of the latter are: 'Tims. G. McClure, president; George
II. Flinn, vice-president, and J. J. O'Connor, secretary
and treasurer. The board of directors consists of these
officials with the addition of P. J. McNulty and J. AA".
Grier.

iq: s T O R A"
'The works of the McClure Company are located at
Washington, Washington Count}', Pennsylvania, where
so manv Pittsburgh plants have found desirable sites
since the discovery of natural gas in that section some
years ago, and which have transformed a quiet, rural
community into a busy industrial center. 'The company
employs 2j^ hands, manv of whom are skilled workmen,
and is incorporated with a capital of $600,000.
1 he product of the mills is sold exclusively in the United
States.
This company was originated in [892 bv 'Thus. G.
McClure, J, J. O'Connor and II. P.. Askin, who formed
a co-partnership under the title of McClure & Co. The
'Tin Plate AA'orks were purchased in 1900, and until a
year ago the office and warehouse were located at Nos.
21 1-215-215 Second Avenue. Pittsburgh. 'The constantly
increasing demand for the product of the mills
Thos. G. McClure, the president of the company, has
been engaged in the tin-plate business for the past thirtyfive
years, lie was a member of citv council for about
ten years, and was elected county treasurer for the term
of 1900 to 1902.
John J. O'Connor, the secretary and treasurer, has
been actively engaged in the tin plate and metal business
since 1877. 'The other members of the company
are well known in Pittsburgh.
THE PHILLIPS SHEET & TIN PLATE CO.—
In Clarksburg, AA'est Virginia, the largest industry is
that of the Phillips Sheet & 'Tin Plate Co.
Established in April, 1905, in less than three years
this well managed company has grown so rapidly, so
substantially that it has obtained national recognition.
P 1 T T S B U R G LI
'The enterprise was originally capitalized at $250,000, but
despite the brief time that has elapsed, the present value
and volume of the business are outlined in the statement
that the annual sales of the company now amount to
more than $2,200,000.
'The well-built works of the company are an ex­
emplification of the latest and best American ways and
means of manufacturing tin plate and kindred products.
'The plant at Clarksburg turns out, most advantageously,
not only the best quality of tin plate, but terne roofing.
enameling material, galvanizing stock and all grades of
uncoated plates.
In the past year the company produced over 600,000
boxes of tin plate, a quantity sufficient to make more
than 2,000,000,000 ordinary-sized cans. Of terne plate,
which is used almost entirely for roofing purposes, partly
in the manufacture of metal shingles, over 100,000
made it necessary to secure larger quarters, and about a boxes a year are made by the Phillips Sheet & Tin Plate
year ago the company moved to their present location, Co. Its output of uncoated black plates and sheets for
Nos. 14 and 16 Fourth Avenue, and 29 and 51 'Third metal ceilings, for enameling and for galvanizing pur­
Avenue, which has been tilled up with every requisite. poses amounts to more than 5,000 tons annually.
The McClure Com­
The general offices
pany manufactures all
of the Phillips Sheet &
grades of bright and
Tin Plate Co. are at the
roofing t i n-making a
works in Clarksburg, but
specialty of high-grade
mofing tin—and are the
^mW ^mW^^m
branches are maintained
i 11 Pittsburgh, N e w
sole American manufacturers
of r o o f i 11 g tin
made from genuine cold
blast charcoal pig iron.
'This product is sold under
the b r a 11 d "AIc- -::mu
hjwgTy cm
m ^
fciV^X m
.—»
:. ~~~>- '
x
•
^ : -
^jf^tm*-
5a«5M~i
--r^'^J
A". irk, St. Louis, San
Francisco and Portland,
Oreg. hi.
In the imn and steel
trade of the Pittsburgh
district but few men are
Clure's Genuine Charcoal
Imn Re-Dipped,"
PLANT OF I'llII.I.II'S SHEET & TIN PLATE CO., CLARKSBURG, VV. VA. more favorably known
than P.. AA'. Mudge, the
and has found favor with the architects and the trade in present President of the company. His individual hold­
general, due to a great extent to the fact that the makings are extensive and important. Moreover, he is the
ers show their confidence in its wearing qualities bv giv­ Pittsburgh representative of great iron and steel, and
ing a written guarantee of fifteen vears with every box coal and coke interests.
sold.
AA'. IT Baldridge, the company's A'ice-President, for
a number of years in Pittsburgh was of business prominence,
but more recently he has made his home in New
York, where he has large interests.
E. T. AA'eir, the Secretary and General Manager,
who in fact has active charge of the company's affairs,
is by birth and by choice a Pittsburgher. Not only for
what he contributed at the time of its organization to the
company's future success, but also through the diligence.
zeal and intelligence he has displayed in the management,
is the Phillips Sheet ev. 'Tin Plate Co. indebted to
E. T. AA'eir for some of its most potential prosperity.
D. AT AA'eir, the 'Treasurer, like his brother, the Secretary,
is a Pittsburgher who has given substantial evidence
of his especial ability to achieve successful results
in manufacturing.
The excellent showing made by the Phillips Sheet &

T 11 E S T

04 T II T S T ( ) R A' O I T T S U R G H
vators, and elevator construction called for more supplies
ol the little accessories of fabrication, and added im­
mensely to the demand for chains and wire cables.
Ihe leading position occupied by Pittsburgh in the
imn and steel industry was not long in attracting the
attention of consumers in all parts of the world, and as a
consequence large exports of bridge material, and the
bolts, nuts, rivets, etc., required in their construction are
now made frmn this district to Smith Africa and the
Orient, Japan having become a large customer of our
mills and factories since the close of the Russo-Japanese
war.
THL. GARLAND CORPORATION —'The Garland
Corporation was chartered late in 1906, and controls
the Garland Nut & Rivet Co., Safety-Armorite
Conduit Company, Woodhouse, Bopp & Co., and AA'est
Pittsburgh Re-altv Company. 'The officers are John AA'.
Garland, President; Henry L. Collins, Vice-President;
Robert Garland, 'Treasurer: Charles A. Glaser, Assis-
in 1890 for the manufacture of chain; the factory being
then located at Rankin Station. Pennsylvania, on the
Monongahela River, a few miles from the Pittsburgh
citv line. In 1900 the Standard Chain Company was
formed to take over the interests of a number of chain
manufactories, including the chain business of this com­
pany, excepting the pump chain department. The Garland
Chain Company thereafter purchased the rivet
department of the American Steel & Wire Company
(located at Cleveland) and formed the Garland Nut
& Rivet Co.. to manufacture nuts, rivets, bolts and pump
chain.
"The business soon grew to such an extent that it became
necessary to purchase adjoining real estate or secure
another location. Finding it impossible to purchase
additional ground at Rankin, the officers of the
Company made a thorough investigation of available
manufacturing sites with proper railroad connections in
western Pennsylvania, western New York, Ohio, Indiana,
and AA'est Virginia, and after devoting much time
PLANT OF THE GARLAND C0RP0 RATION, WEST PITTSBURGH, PA.
taut 'Treasurer; F. C. Hodkinson, Secretary; Charles
Garland, Assistant Secretary; and the Directors are
John \A'. Garland, Robert Garland, John B. Jackson, F.
C. Hodkinson. Jason R. Atwell, II. L. Collins, C. A.
Glaser, AA'. AI. Hall. Charles Garland, T. IT Bopp and
Geo. H. B. Martin. 'The capital stock of the corporation
is three million dollars. The main offices of
the corporation and of the subsidiary companies arcin
the Bailey-Farrell Building, Pittsburgh, while the factories
and works offices are at West Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
The Garland Corporation was formed for the purpose
of unifying or uniting the several different interests
controlled by the Garlands and their associates at AA^est
Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania, and in this manner to secure
the co-operatimi and assistance of all the interests
towards the betterment and development of the community
at AA'est Pittsburgh.
The < iarland Nut e\: Rivet Co. is the successor of
the Garland Chain Company, a co-partnership formed
to a complete consideration of the subject, the Garlands
decided to purchase a tract of abmit 700 acres located
at West Pittsburgh (then known as Moravia), in Law­
rence County, Pennsylvania, where they believed the
facilities I'm- economical manufacturing were unequalled
by any other location brought to their attention.
In the meantime, in 1897, the Garlands, with others,
had engaged in the business of manufacturing imn,
armored conduits for electric wires, at Rankin Station.
forming the Safety Conduit Company, the product being
known as "Loricated" conduit, prepared under a secret
process. The name of the company was changed in
1899 to the Safety-Armorite Conduit Company, upon
purchasing the control of the Armorite Interior Conduit
Company (another Pittsburgh corporation) then owned
by Alessrs. AA'. B. Rhodes and AA'. H. Latshaw. hi ad­
dition to the "Loricated" iron-armored conduit the
company also produces "Galvaduct" conduit, which is
manufactured under a special and exclusive patented
process. When it became apparent that the available

T II ( ) Y O U R G II ig5
land at Rankin was too limited for the necessary extensions
of the plant to keep pace with its orders, if was de­
cided to join with the other Garland interests and locate
at some point well adapted for manufacturing purposes.
In the Fall of 1901 the tract of land above mentioned
was purchased, and the AA'est Pittsburgh Realty Company
was formed to lay out and develop a model industrial
town, both for manufacturing and home purposes.
'The property reserved for manufacturing is ideally sit­
uated, being bounded mi one side by the railroad trunk
lines, and on the other by the Beaver River; the ground
is level and well above high-Hood stage, as was shown
by the record-breaking flood of the Spring of [907;
there is abundance of g 1 water for factory consumption,
and each plant has access to the Beaver River for
drainage and sewerage. As a shipping point AA'est Pittsburgh
is not excelled by any location in Western Pennsylvania.
'The section being developed for home sites is peculiarly
well suited for such purposes. It is separated from
the factories by the railroads, and while easy of access,
it is so removed that it is free from smoke, dirt and
noise. 'The streets are graded, paved, curbed and sewered;
the houses and streets are lighted by electricity; a
water works and reservoir are installed, providing purewater
for domestic consumption; and. in all, the town
is one possessing all the natural advantages for health
and comfort in the home life.
In 1905 the AA'est Pittsburgh Silk Manufacturing
Company was organized, and shortly thereafter a consolidation
was effected with Woodhouse, Bopp & Co.
(a New York corporation), which company had for
several vears operated a silk mill in New York City. A
mill was erected at AA'est Pittsburgh and was so successful
that the company decided to build a larger plant
at that point having a capacity of four hundred looms.
and to dismantle the New York factory, moving its
equipment to AA'est Pittsburgh, where the product was
being manufactured at less cost. 'This has now been
accomplished with very satisfactory results. 'The product
of the company consists of dress goods of the better
qualities, and is being marketed by the leading dry-g Is
establishments throughout the country.
A central power plant has been erected at AA'est Pittsburgh,
furnishing electric power to all of the factories
located at that point.
This industrial town has taken rapid strides within
the past few years, there being several manufacturing
plants at AA^est Pittsburgh outside of those owned or
controlled by The Garland Corporation.
THE GRATLAAr NUT COMPANY—The Graham
Nut Company is one of the largest and most thoroughly
equipped concerns of its kind in the world. It manufactures
hot-pressed, cold-punched, semifinished and casehardened
nuts; machine and carriage bolts: bolt ends:
gimlet point coach and cone point lag screws; washers;
foundation bolts, bridge and structural rods of all kinds;
rivets, turn buckles, etc. It employs 250 men. and its
works occupy a floor space of about 70,000 square feet.
'The offices and warehouses are at 1517-1519 AA'est Carson
Street, Pittsburgh; the works are mi Neville Island.
Its branch office in Chicago handles all its large and
growing western trade.
Ihe company enjoys an important foreign trade besides
its vast domestic business, principally with railroads,
car-builders, jobbers and consumers generally,
which trade has been secured and maintained through the
many years of the firm's existence by its policy of high
quality and fair dealing. It aims to produce the best
material possible.
The Graham Nut Company came into existence in
1S74, a partnership having been formed between A\illiam
Charles and Ceo. C. McMurty under the name
Charles & McMurty. In [88l this partnership was dissolved,
the business being continued bv Air. Charles under
the name of Wm. Charles & Co. 'The same year
Albert Graham entered its employ, and during the last
four years of William Charles' life was the active manager.
After the death of William (diaries in [893 his
brother John (diaries and Albert Graham formed partnership
with the name John Charles & Co. In 1895
Air. Graham became sole owner, and in 1902 the present
company was established by his taking into the firm his
two sons. Harry C. Graham and Charles J. Graham,
both of whom were then employees of the firm. The
company secured a charter in 1903 .and was incorporated
with a capital stock of $150,000 under its present name,
the Graham Nut ('ompany, with Albert Graham, president:
Harry C. Graham, vice-president and treasurer;
Charles J. Graham, secretary.
Owing to a large increase in business, an addition
to the plant was decided upon December 1, 1906, and
the capital stock was increased to $350,000. Charles
AA'. Gray and J. AI. Stetter became associated with the
company and were added to the board of directors, Mr.
Cray being elected assistant secretary, and Air. Stetter
general superintendent, ddie company since its organization
has been remarkable for its progressive and skilful
management. From the beginning of its organization it
has vigorously and continuously grown and has gradually
increased its lines until now it covers the bolt and nut
field thoroughly.
ddie plant was located in 1X74 mi Sixteenth Street.
In [888 it was moved to First Ward, Allegheny.
Twelve acres on Neville Island were bought in 1904,
and a portion of the present plant was built. A large
addition was constructed and put into operation in July,
1907, the present floor space occupied covering between
65,000 and 70.000 square feet. It thus shows its confidence
in Pittsburgh's pre-eminence as the greatest iron
and steel manufacturing center in generations to come.

196 T 0 R Y O s U R G H
NATIONAL BOLT & NUT CO.—A recent addition
to Pittsburgh's enterprising industrial concerns is
the National Bolt & Nut Co., which was established
March [8, 1903. It is composed of a number of well
known business men whose names gave the concern high
commercial and financial standing. It is a corporation
with $50,000 capital stock.
'The officers of the corporation are John W. Hubbard,
president; AA'. R. Kuhn, vice-president, and E. AA'.
Zinsmaster, secretary and treasurer. The board of directors
is composed of these officers with the addition
of AV. T. Easton and S. A. Rankin. 'The company enjoys
a prosperous and growing business in the manufacture
of nuts, bolts, washers, etc., at Sixty-second
Street and the Allegheny A^alley Railroad, Butler Street
Station, where it has excellent shipping facilities. 'The
output of the works is, of course, all of a standard
character, for which there is always a demand even in
times of comparative industrial depression, but which has
enormously increased during a period of industrial prosperity
such as has been so widely prevalent in recent
years.
'The officials and directors of this company are entirely
optimistic concerning present conditions, and are
confident that Pittsburgh's industrial supremacy will
continue. 'They have an extensive acquaintance among
business men, local and otherwise, and their business
methods have been stamped with approval. The members
of this company are excellent examples of that
lovaltv of local business men to the citv's best interests,
which is said to be particularly noticeable in Pittsburgh.
NICHOLSON ev. CO.—This company was established
as a partnership in 1899 for the manufacture of
chains and forgings. 'The members of the firm are
Thomas Nicholson. Jr., and David K. Nicholson. Their
plant, known as the Pittsburgh Chain Works, is located
on the Pennsylvania Railroad at Hawkins Station in
Rankin Borough, practically a part of Braddock, the
widely known industrial community. At this point the
company finds exceptional shipping facilities by both
water and rail, the latter being the extensive connections
offered by the P. R. R., the B. ex. O., and the P. &
L. E. lines. AA'hile its trade is largely domestic, the
company does some foreign business, principally with
Canada. The plant gives employment to 200 men.
mostly skilled mechanics.
AA'hen established in 1899, the firm of Nicholson &
Co. had two forges ready for the manufacture of chain.
'Thev now have extensive works for the manufacture of
chain besides a large forge plant for turning out both
chains and special forgings.
Among the products of this plant which have given
it a high reputation in the trade are tested chains of all
sizes made bv hand exclusively of the best grades refined
and charcoal bloom, forgings of all descriptions
for general use, and special forgings for chain appli­
ances. The trade has long since learned their value.
'The Messrs. Nicholson express unbounded faith in
the future of Pittsburgh.
PITTSBURGH SCREAV & BOLT CO.—The
Pittsburgh Screw & Bolt Co. was organized in 1897,
and in the decade of its existence has taken high rank
among the industrial enterprises of a city of world­
wide reputation for its varied productions in iron and
steel. As its name implies, this company is engaged in
the manufacture of bolts, nuts and screws, standard
products for which there must always be a demand even
in periods of temporary industrial depression. These
products being so universally used, a company engaged
in their manufacture can only accomplish anything out
of the ordinary by making its output consist of Ai material
and workmanship. This the Pittsburgh Screw &
Bolt Co. always does. It has $300,000 capital, and from
350 to 400 skilled workmen. Its works are at Twenty-
fifth Street and Liberty Avenue.
'The officers of the company are: John R. McGinley,
president; Thomas W. Smith, vice-president and treas­
urer, and William G. Costin, vice-president and general
manager.
John R. McGinley, president, was born at Cresson
Springs, Pa., on September 14, 1856. He received a
common-school education at New Alexandria, Pa. After
graduating at Duff's Commercial College in Pittsburgh
he wfas for four years secretary and business manager
of that institution. He then organized the Carbon
Bronze Company for the manufacture of special grades
of anti-friction metals, in which enterprise he was remarkably
successful. In 1884 he joined George AVestinghouse
in organizing the Philadelphia Natural Gas
Company and was its vice-president until 1900.
S. SEVERANCE MANUFACTURING COM­
PANY—The S. Severance Manufacturing Company
produces spikes and rivets; the spikes, of all sizes, are
used for railroads, and the rivets, one-half inch in
diameter and larger, for boilers, structural work and
ships.
'The company is capitalized at $500,000, and has its
places of business at Glassport, a suburb of Pittsburgh
in Allegheny County; the First National Bank Building,
Chicago, and 139 Greenwich Street. New York. It has
250 employees.
'The products of the company are mostly taken by
United States consumers, but they are also exported to
Cuba, Mexico, Smith America. Canada. Japan and other
countries.
For many years imn rivets were used exclusively.
L. Severance invented the first rivet-making machine in
the United States, and S. Severance introduced the steel
boiler rivet. At present the "S. S." rivet is specified in

T II E S T O R Y O F I" I T S i; u R d • 9;
preference to any iron rivet and is used by all manufacturers
of high-class boilers.
'The business was established by L. Severance in
1828 and carried on by him until his death in 1X54, when
his son, S. Severance, succeeded him. S. Severance continued
the business until his death in 1900, when the
business was carried on by his heirs as a co-partnership
under the management of his sons: S. Severance and
F. W. Severance, the name S. Severance being contin­
ued in his memory, as it has been since the corporation.
In 1902 the present corporation was formed, and its
business has grown enormously.
THE STANDARD CHAIN COArPANA'—'The
Standard Chain Company is an immense concern, employing
1,300 men and operating eight plants and a rolling
mill. It has nineteen agents scattered throughout the
United States in every State and territory. 'The export
trade has recently grown to such proportions that it has
been found necessary to build a plant in Canada for the
manufacture of chain to supply its large and growing
trade in that country. It also has agencies in Mexico.
Its works are located at Braddock, York, Carlisle in
Pennsylvania; St. Mary's and Columbus in Ohio, and
at Marion in Indiana. Its large rolling mill is in Columbus,
Ohio.
As the name, Standard Chain (ompany, implies, the
product of this firm is chain—high-grade chain for
steam shovels, cranes or anv work where life and limb
are to be protected; coil chain, agricultural chain, harness
chain, rafting chains and attachments, steel leading
chains, and wagon chains. 'These products are famous
for their utmost reliability and excellence—hence
their widespread use.
'The company was organized in K>oo by the consolidation
of the large chain interests in Braddock, Cleveland,
Columbus, York, Harrisburgh, Marion, St. Mary's
and Jeffersonville. It has a capital stock of $800,000,
and its net income for the year ending December, 190(1.
problem of forest preservation than anything else. I he
old stake-and-rider fence is now a curiosity, and vast
tracts of pasture lands mi two continents are now inclosed
by wire fencing, which, but for this invention and its
utilization, would be without recognized boundary lines.
'The feiicing-in of hundreds of thousands of railroad
right-of-way, affording protection lor the livestock oi
the farmer and probably averting thereby interminable
litigation and dispute, was made possible by the industry,
and therefore it may be said t have an ethical as well as
material side. 'Then the millions of miles of telegraph
and telephone wires were also made possible, and when
one comes to think of it this industry plays a most important
part in the commercial and social relations of
mankind. The economy in the use and production ol
wire nails has reached a stage where an expert mathematician
has calculated an actual loss if a workman
should take the time to stoop to pick a nail that he has
dropped.
Pittsburgh was the pioneer in this field, and it maintains
its supremacy. Of the total production of wire and
wire nails in the United States, 7^ per cent, is produced
in the plants of corporations and firms whose main offices
are located in Pittsburgh. 'These plants furnish employment
for more than 7.000 workmen, and four of the mills
in this citv in 1007 turned 1 nit 300,000 tons of wire, and
120,000 tons of nails. Large shipments are made from
domestic mills to Japan and South Africa.
Till'. C. C. ,\: E. R. TOWNSEND CO.—Dating
frmn near the first of the last century, vet entirely up
to date—old, but the present embodiment of every modern
improvement—possessing great historical interest.
but illustrating to best advantage the achievements of today—celebrated
because it was associated with so many
events of importance in the past, yet at least equally noted
for what it is doing now—the Townsend enterprise
evokes appreciation frmn various points of view.
It is a plant of long life and vigorous growth. A
was $94,990.
pioneer institution of the iron and steel industry of the
'The officers are: John C. Schmidt, president; Rob­ Pittsburgh district—mie of the oldest organizations West
ert Garland, vice-president; Arthur E. Crockett, general of the Alleghenies—an establishment long and justly
manager and secretary; William Robertson, treasurer. famous for the manufacture of wire, rivets and wire-
Its list of directors includes John C. Schmidt. Robert nails—is the important concern situated mi the west side
Garland. Charles A. Painter, Peter AA'ertz, N. B. Alarple. of Beaver River in the town of Fallston, and owned
A. E. Crockett, James Hay, F. M. Davis. G. IT. Schmidt. and operated by the C. C. & E. P. Townsend Co.
'The history of this company properly begins with
WIRE AND WIRE NAILS
AN INDUSTRY THAT HAS LARGELY HELPED TO SOLVE THE
PROBLEM OF FOREST PRESERVATION
Robert 'Townsend, who was born in AA'ashington Countv,
Pennsylvania, in 1790. AA'hen a young man he. as they
said in those days, "set out to seek his fortune" in Baltimore.
'There, while associated with Hugh Balderson,
The development of no department of the imn trade- he obtained his first experience in the wire business. In
has done more toward revolutionizing affairs on the [816 he came to Pittsburgh and went into business for
farm, in the city, and even on the battlefield, than the himself. His shop was located on Market Street, be­
production of wire and win nails. In the matter of wire tween First and Second. Soon after the shop was
fencing alone, the industry has done more to solve the opened. Robert Townsend and his cousin Rees C.

19$ ( ) Y O
'Townsend, with John D. Laird, entered into partner­
ship. 'The name of the firm thus formed was 'Townsend,
Laird & Co. After a few years Baird retired, and AVilliam
P. 'Townsend. Robert Townsend's eldest son, be­
came a member of the firm, the style of which was
changed to R. Townsend & Co. Rees C. 'Townsend
died in 1S51. and Robert "Townsend retired from the
firm in 1S64. the business being continued by William
P. Townsend under the designation of AA'. P. Townsend
& Co. At the close of the Civil War, Charles C. and
Edward P.. the two sons of William P. 'Townsend, were
bv their father admitted to partnership. In [894 William
P. 'Townsend withdrew from active participation
in the business, which was henceforth carried mi by his
sons. C. C. and E. P. 'Townsend. In [905 the business
was incorporated under the laws of Pennsylvania as the
C. C. and E. P. 'Townsend Co., with a capital of
$750,000.
For (14 years the offices and warehouses of the company
were located on Market Street, between First and
Second, but in 1880 for the sake of convenience they
w e r e 111 o v e d t< >
Fallston.
'Townsend's was
the first rivet and
wire mill established
mi the sunset side
of the Alleghenies.
AT .re than that, the
Ti iwnsends w e r e
among the first to
demonstrate to what
great ad v a 11 t age
wire could be used
in engineering construction. < >ne of the world's greatest
constructing engineers, John ('. Roebling, years before
he became identified with the manufacture of wire, gladly
availed of the co-operation of the Townsends in a number
of very important undertakings. 'The 'Townsends
manufactured the cables for the incline over the mountains,
a scheme used with success to facilitate rapid
transit before the Pennsylvania tunnels were pushed
through the Alleghenies. 'The cables for the old aqueduct
across the Allegheny River at Pittsburgh, and the
cables for the Sixth Street Bridge, which was recently
torn down, were fabricated for Roebling by the Townsends.
To the early telegraph companies also the Townsend
works supplied large quantities of wire, the first used being
a three-strand twisted wire.
'The 'Townsend factories at Fallston at present cover
a space of five acres. The plant is known to lie one of
the best equipped in the country. Over 200 skilled workmen
are employed. Townsend wire, rivets and wirenails
have a reputation second to none. The company's
principal market is, of course, in the United States, but
PLANT OF C C & E. P. TOWNSEND CO., FALLSTON, PA.
IT R G T
it exports a portion of its output to Canada, Great Brit­
ain, Mexico and Smith America.
The officers of the C. C. & E. P. Townsend Co. are:
Charles C. Townsend, President and Treasurer; Edward
P. 'Townsend, Vice-President and General Manager, and
Vincent S. Bradford, Secretary. On the Board of Di­
rectors of the company are: Charles C. Townsend,
Edward P. 'Townsend, Robert J. Townsend, John M.
Townsend, Vincent S. Bradford and H. AV. Wilde.
HORSESHOE NAILS
THE SUPERIORITY OF MACHINE-MADE NAILS OBLITERATES THE
"VILLAGE BLACKSMITH"
'The author of the "Village Blacksmith" probably
never dreamed that the occupation of the smithy under
the spreading chestnut tree was so soon to become a
mere recollection. Pittsburgh has done much to obliterate
the poetic figure from the landscape, but there is compensation
for the loss in the superior article of horse­
shoes and horseshoe nails turned out by machinery in
the fact, tries 1 if this
busy industrial cen­
ter, (due of the
curious things con­
nected with this
business is that the
development of the
trolley and the au-
t. mi. ibile, w h i c h
ushered in the socalled
horseless age,
has been accompanied
bv an absolute
increase in the number and value of horses and
mules, and therefore an increase in the footwear
of these quadrupeds. According to the Department
of Agriculture there were in the L'nited States on
January 1, [908, no less than 19,992,000 horses, and
3.009,000 mules, the largest totals ever reported by the
department. The estimated value of these animals was
more than two and a quarter billion dollars. These
figures are all that is necessary to account for the remarkable
increase in the business of producing animal footwear.
'The superiority of the machine-made shoes and
nails was soon recognized bv blacksmiths and owners of
horses, and Pittsburgh rapidly advanced to a leading
p. isitimi in supplying the demand. Shipments from
domestic mills furnish no inconsiderable tonnage in our
exports to foreign countries.
STANDARD HORSE NAIL COMPANY—-The
present members of the Standard Horse Nail Company
are C. M. Merrick, president; E. D. Merrick, vice-president;
Fred S. Merrick, secretary; E. II. Seiple. treasurer.
'The directors are C. M. Merrick, S. C. Merrick,

T II K S T _ O R Y O F I1 I T T S I', I" R G II 199
S. II. Seiple, C. M. Russell and E. E. Pierce, gentlemen methods to sell its goods. Straight forwardness has al-
all favorably known in the business world. ways been the dominant factor in the company's dealings.
The company manufactures hot-forged horse nails. It claims it has to meet competition which follows
its factory being located at New Brighton, Pa. It has such devices as giving away from one to three boxes
both foreign and domestic trade; the foreign business, with ten; issuing book of prizes, putting coupons in each
unlike most American manufacturers, is done on the box. and claiming 1.112 varieties, selling on consignabsolute
same price as it gets in the United States. 'The ment, etc., etc. It claims to'have the same price to the
company is capitalized at $720,000. dealer and customer at every point in the LJnited States
Ihe business was established in 1S72 as a private from ocean to ocean, and while it is slowly trying to
partnership under the name of the Standard Horse Nail do business in this honest way, it believes in time its
Company. The partners were C. M. Merrick, Job Why- policy will win, as it has been commended by both dealsail
and Samuel Farmer. After six months of experi- ers and by those who use its g Is for having a price
menting with the invention of Samuel and fob Tanner. for the goods and not following some competitors who
Samuel Farmer sold his interest to the remaining part- have a price to lit each case.
ners, who continued experimenting with machinery to The father of the Merricks came to this town in [836,
make horse nails. E. E. Pierce purchased Job Why sail's and was well acquainted with most of the older Pittsinterest
January 13, 1880, and Fred S. Merrick was ad- burghers, such as Yeager, Woodwell, Ricketson, Lang,
mitted as partner January 1, 1881. etc. Iron cars were made by Merrick & Co. in 1859.
The company was incorporated under the firm name The Standard Nail Company can be quoted as exin
[886 for fifty years with a capital of $c 10,000. This pressing the following opinions as regards the future of
was increased to $120,000 January 8, 1891, and to $720,- Pittsburgh :
000 January 12, 1893. "While we are as yet not in Greater Pittsburgh, the
Ihe business was started in a factory on the Fallston fact that our station on the P. F. W. & C. Railroad is
race, former]}' used by Miner & Merrick for making No. t,j and we are but 28 miles from Pittsburgh certubs,
which factory was destroyed by fire on the night tainly indicates a continuous stretch of Greater Pittsof
February 6, [886. 'The present plant near the Penn- burgh at least this far, if not some 15 miles farther, to
sylvania depot in New Brighton, Pa., was started in the State line. We do not believe that you have a con-
1886, and the other buildings, all one Story, were added cern covered by your citv that is more enthusiastic over
until thev now cover more area mi the ground floor than the future of Pittsburgh than our company. Everyprobably
any two companies devoted exclusively to mak- thing pertaining to the manufacture of iron and steel
ing horse nails in the United States. products is certainly to be found convenient to it. and
By their process horse nail blanks are made hot frmn therefore at practically first cost.
a coil of wire, automatically fed through a furnace "The industries of iron, steel, glass, coke, oil, gas, in
heated by natural gas, and rolled on all four sides. 'The addition to the wonderful mills, are commanding the atblanks
are tumbled in revolving barrels to remove the tention of the world, and we look for, if possible, greater
scale left on the blanks by the hot forging. 'These blanks additions to the manufacturing part of Pittsburgh than
arc then fed one by one automatically into finishing ma- has been seen in the past.
chines, completing the finished nail ready to drive. Thev "As for our own town of New Brighton we certainly
are packed in live-pound paper cartons, and five of these need a competitor for the Fort Wayne Railroad, and we
are put in a wooden box ready for market. are enthusiastic all thmugb this valley, not only for the
It will be noted that the old hand-made process of nine-foot stage of the river frmn Pittsburgh to Cairn,
making nail blanks by hot forging, and. subsequently, by but the canal from Lake Erie to Pittsburgh as well.
cold finishing and pointing, is used, and they claim to "If we lived in Pittsburgh we would certainly be
make the best nail in the world, barring none. They active boomers for the greatest city on earth, and being
have more tensile strength than any horse nail made, as in an adjoining county we do all we can in every way for
shown by the testing machine. 'Thev claim, therefore, its advancement. Our own countv of Beaver is gaining
the best process in use in the manufacture of horse nails, on account of it by lately having the American bridge,
the most uniform in every requirement, such as size, Jones & Laughlin, and other large industries, starting in
shape, finish, driving and holding qualities, together with our midst, in addition to others projected and sure to
the greatest average tensile strength, besides being rea- follow."
sonable in price. It is quite worth}- of commendable comment, at this
'The Standard Horse Nail Company makes nothing time when the general community is more or less agitated
but horse nails, and therefore has no other product to because of the statement that American-made goods are
put on the market. It has strict ideas regarding the sold so low in foreign countries, to find the Standard
marketing of the product and does not believe in resort- Horse Nail Company maintaining the same scale of
ing to anv kind of tricks, prices, and unbusiness-like prices at home as abroad.

200 11 E S () R Y 0 F S U R G H
SCRAP IRON
A CURIOUS BUSINESS WHOSE FLUCTUATIONS ARE FELT AT
HOME AND ABROAD
Pittsburgh has eight prominent firms and about a
score of dealers whose business is the purchase and sale
of scrap iron. It is estimated that they handle $20,000,-
000 worth of this material a year. Under the general
heading of scrap iron or old material there are three
classifications. "Railroad scrap" includes old rails, car
axles, etc. "Industrial scrap" consists of the pieces of
new material which result from cutting to sizes and
lengths, like the scraps made by a tailor from dress
goods. What is classed as "gathered-up scrap" is the
miscellaneous assortment of metals collected by junk
dealers. Curious fluctuations often occur in the scrap
iron trade. Sometimes conditions are favorable to an
export business, and Italy is one of the largest buyers
of old material shipped from the United States. At other
times a scarcity occurs in this country and we import
sera]) iron from England, France and Germany. The
various important uses made of scrap iron in the manufacture
of new material is an illustration of a principle
in nature that nothing shall be lost.
'The ever increasing and multitudinous wants of man
are so varied that he causes materials to change their
forms and be brought into play in devious ways; yet thev
always exist and perforin their functions in keeping with
the irresistible laws of the universe.
MAN SOLOMON—One of the largest scrap iron
and steel plants in the country is owned and operated
by Max Solomon, of Pittsburgh. To the Solomon scrap
yards at Carnegie come iron and steel and second-hand
machinery from all parts of the United States. For the
cutting-up of old iron into scrap. Max Solomon has
installed a mighty steam hammer, and seven monstrous
pairs of shears, appliances for scrapping unduplicated
anywhere. In addition to the unexcelled facilities of his
plant. Max Solomon has ample financial resources; he is
in a position to buy at all times in any quantity that may
be offered, not only old iron and steel, but used machinery
that for reasons sufficient is placed mi the market at
different times by various concerns.
Tn the business since 1877, Max Solomon is well
and favorably known. In his office in the Park Building
are consummated almost every dav business deals in
iron and steel that mount up annually into surprisingly
large figures. Years ago, but still remembered as a bigundertaking,
Max Solomon bought and cut up the large
rolling mill of Craft, Bennett & Co. Often since then.
in addition to his ordinary business, he has successfully
handled important and difficult contracts. The size of
his business is to a certain extent gauged by the fact
that in the yards and plant at Carnegie 125 men are constantly
employed in carrying mi the business.
STEEL BROKERS AND AGENTS
AN ACTIVE CLASS WHOSE ABILITIES ARE INDISPENSABLE TO
THE STEEL CITY
Pittsburgh's enormous tonnage of iron and steel in
various forms employs a small army of sales agents and
brokers in its distribution through the trade channels of
the world. Leading industries have their general managers
of sales and district managers, acting under direc­
tion of the general office. Many corporations have estab­
lished agencies in the capitals of Europe. There is yet
another class of agents termed brokers. 'They are the
middlemen between the producer and the consumer.
Brokers as a rule are specialists, and ore, pig iron, steel,
finished material, scrap and coke have their separate representatives.
A large consumer enters the market, brokers
in that specialty become bidders, and frequently a
slight difference in freight charges, in routing the material
from the shipping to the terminal point, decides
the award of the contract.
REED F. BLAIR & CO.—The firm of Reed F.
Blair & Co.. since its inception, has been identified closely,
as sales agents of the Marshall Foundry Company, of
which Air. Blair is a director, with the ingot mold and
imn casting industry, which has grown and expanded
within the past ten vears with the phenomenal increase
in the iron and steel business of Pittsburgh and vicinity,
and the growth of the city itself.
This firm also, as general sales agents for the United
States, represents the Black Lake Chrome & Asbestos
Co., and the Dominion Chrome Co. of Canada, in the
distribution of chrome ores for the lining of basic openhearth
steel furnaces. 'The companies represented control
and mine the richest fields of this valuable mineral
in the world, and the prospects for increasing trade are
most favorable.
'The history of any concern identified with iron and
steel must of necessity contemplate the subject of coke
in the production of which the Connellsville region of
Pennsylvania has become world famous. Reed F. Blair
lv Co. in addition to being general merchants along this
particular line represent directly the Brier Hill Coke
Company, one of the largest independent producers of
high-grade coke in the Connellsville district.
'The blast furnace, foundry and steel interests of
Pittsburgh have been large factors in the development
of limestone properties located within reasonable distance
of the city; the macadamizing of our highways, another
factor, and with both factors for the past ten vears Reed
F. Blair & Co. have been closely allied, supplying to
users, through their connections, perhaps a greater tonnage
than anv other individual company.
'I he firm represents, directly, blast furnaces making
all grades of pig iron as well as all of the better known
alloys used in steel manufacture. Thev also handle in

T H E S T O R Y O F S U R G H ?oi
large quantities slag or Puzzolan cement in addition to
Portland brands.
It has been the purpose of the company from its
start to make for itself only such connections as were
known to be thoroughly reliable and whose products
were deemed to be the best of their kind.
Reed F. Blair, the senior member of the firm of
Reed F. Blair & Co.. iron and steel brokers of Pittsburgh.
was born in Allegheny October 10, [868, his father being
a member of the firm of Boggs, Blair & Buhl, original
partners in the big Allegheny drv-g Is house.
At seventeen he was the private secretary of T. AT Carnegie,
then chairman of ("arnegie Brothers & Co., Ltd.
AA'hen nineteen years of age he held the responsible position
of assistant cashier of this company. Afterward
he was private secretary to William L. Abbott, chairman
of Carnegie, Phipps & Co., for five years. When
the Carnegie Steel Company was organized. Air. Blair
retired. Since then be has been engaged in the imn and
steel business as broker and dealer, and for some years
bis company has looked after the sale of nearly all the
ingot molds in the United States in addition to their
ores, coke, limestone and pig iron. Ill's address is Frick
Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
IRON CITY STEEL COMPANY—The Imn City
Steel Company, which does a merchandise business in
imn and steel products, has met with great success since
its organization in 1905. It is a corporation chartered
under the laws of the State of Pennsylvania, and its
members have been for years identified with the imn
and steel business of Pittsburgh and vicinity. 'The success
of the firm is the fruit of the ambition and devotion
to business exemplified by the component members
.if this company.
'The company is not a manufacturing concern, neither
is it engaged in the brokering or commission business.
It is a jobbing and dealing house in the purchase and
sale of rails, railroad equipment, billets, pig iron, spikes,
switches, locomotives, etc., which commodities are
bought outright. AA'ith its strict business ethics and
its aggressive system of conduct, this firm bids fair t> >
appropriate a large proportion of the trade in its linein
the eastern section of the country as it has heretofore
in its native State.
'The offices of the company are in Suite 615, Bessemer
Building. Pittsburgh, and its storage yards arcsituated
in Allegheny, Pa., and in Camden, N. J. Arrangements
are now under way for increasing the capital
stock and to open branch offices in New- York and
Philadelphia to care for its constantly increasing volume
< if business.
'The firm consists of It. B. Jewkes, president and
treasurer: I. AA". Jenks. vice-president and secretary, and
the following directors: Edward O'Neil, I. AA'. Jenks
and II. B. Tewkes, all well known business men.
THE LEES-WILLIAMS COMPANY—The Lees-
Williams Company was incorporated June 15, I9°7- H-
W. Williams is president, and George E. Lees, secretary
and treasurer. It deals in iron and steel, iron and steel
tubes, as made bv the Shelby Steel 'Tube Company, machines
and parts thereof, and specialties of manufacturers;
also Shelbv cold-drawn trolley poles for cars, and
Shelby car gongs of steel, a substitute for brass and
brmize at a lower price.
It is distributors for western Pennsylvania and northern
Ohio, being in the chain of distributors for the Shelby
Company, embracing New A'ork, Boston. Cleveland.
Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis. It represents the
following firms: Springfield Gas Engine Company,
Springfield, Ohio; Hisey-Wolf Machine Company, Cincinnati,
Ohio (portable electric drills and grinders) ; the
St. Lmu's Machine Tool Company, St. Louis, Missouri.
"Seamless steel tubes equal to those made by the
Shelby Steel Tube Company" was on a proposal sent
mit bv the Isthmian Canal Commission in 1906. They
are made bv machinery patented by the present officers
of the company, and are supplying requirements, previously
met laboriously, by machinery turning or boring
solid steel into tubular form, producing an endless number
of sizes, shapes and thicknesses for mechanical,
structural and miscellaneous uses: malleable, ductile .and
tough for automobiles, etc.
The company's offices are in the House Building.
EDMUND AA'. MUDGE & CO.—So far as pertains
to the management of great enterprises, business in these
days is reduced, so nearly as can be, to scientific exactness.
There is a concentration of effort; an adroit distribution
of responsibility; in the last analysis, however,
the amount of success obtained is largely determined bv
the ability, discretion and opportunities of those to whom
the sales of the products are intrusted. In the Pittsburgh
district, not only on account of the enormous extent
of the trade, but also because of the constant and
great competition, the men who furnish facilities for
marketing iron and steel and coke and coal are the ablest
lieutenants of the captains of industry.
Prominent and extensive are the business connections
of Edmund AA'. Mudge & Co. Representing in Pittsburgh
most successfully several very large industrial
corporations, Edmund XV. Mudge is widely and favorably
known not only through the importance of the companies
he represents, but also for bis own holdings and
achievements. Identified with the iron industries of
Pittsburgh and vicinity for the past twenty years, possessing
a thorough knowledge of every phase of the business,
associated with various notable undertakings, attaining
unquestioned success, Edmund W. Mudge, dominating
the affairs of the firm that bears his name, is one
of the men who are contributing substantially to the upbuilding
of the prosperity of this part of the country.

20: T 11 E () Y 0 F S B U G II
For some time A'ice-President of La Belle Imn
AA'orks of Steubenville, Ohio, in November, 1905, Mr.
Mudge resigned the position that he might take up his
work here to better advantage. lie is still heavily interested
in the La Belle Imn AA'orks and represents that
great iron and steel manufacturing concern in Pittsburgh.
He is also the Pittsburgh representative of the mighty
Lackawanna Steel Company of Buffalo. Edmund W.
Mudge & Co. are the exclusive agents for the Lincoln
Coal & Coke Co. of Scottdale, one of the largest independent
producers of genuine Connellsville coke; further
the firm has the sole sales agency for Pittsburgh of the
Pittsburgh Gas & Coke Co., of Glassport, which manufactures
Otto by-product coke for domestic use.
Besides having large interests in the development of
coking coal in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, and in different
sections of AA'est Virginia, Edmund W. Mudge
is the President of the Phillips Sheet & 'Tin Plate Co.
of Clarksburg, AA'est Virginia. Moreover, be is a director
and a large stockholder in the Pope 'Tin Plate-
Company of Steubenville, Ohio.
'The offices of Edmund XV. Mudge & Co. in the Frick
Building are in keeping with the importance of the business
transacted therein.
Not only by his ability to find a market for the output
of the corporations he represents, but for his good
judgment and farsightedness is Edmund AA'. Mudge
distinguished. J lis talent finds expression in something
more than the making of profitable contracts of temporary
duration. As a capitalist, he builds for the future.
Acting either for himself or others, he secures results
that are substantial—it is worth while to do things well.
fOSHUA RHODES 'There are few people-
throughout the entire Pittsburgh district who are m it
more or less familiar with the many financial and in-
dustrial achievements of Joshua Rhodes. He i s one of
the few surviving early pioneers who took an ii
part in the development of the commercial and
history of Pittsburgh.
Air. Rhodes began life in this city as a poor
nportant
financial
boy, and
his success has been all the more deserved am I notable
from the fact that it has been entirely due to his own
efforts and ability.
Mr. Rhodes was born in London, Engl and, mi
March 19, 1824. and was one of a family of six children.
In 1850 his father, Charles Rhodes, moved with his
family to the United States, settling at Albany, N. V.
Remaining there for about a year, the next move was
to Buffalo, and a year later, in 1832, they came to Pitts­
burgh.
In 1844. at the early age of 20, he decided to give
up his position with Benjamin Brown, grocer, and embarked
in the same line of business for himself. He
secured a small building at what is now the corner of
First Avenue and Smithfield Street, and for about a year
conducted this business successfully. The disastrous
conflagration which started on April 10, 1845, com­
pletely wiped (Hit bis place of business, however. He
had that determination to start in again and to succeed
at once, and was one of the first to rebuild his place of
business in the burned district.
For many years he was actively engaged in the iron
and steel business, and for a number of years was president
of the Pennsylvania 'Tube Company, prior to the
absorption of that concern by the National 'Tube Com­
pany.
Air. Rhodes, on account of his acknowledged conservatism,
was elected president of the Allegheny National
Bank, serving in this capacity for a number of
vears, after which he assumed the duties of vice-president
of the same institution. lie severed his connections
with this bank to assume the presidency of the
Colonial National Bank.
When the need of bridges across the Monongahela
and Allegheny Rivers at the point to connect Pittsburgh
with the Smith Side and the North Side respectively was
being agitated, Ah\ Rhodes became much interested, and
was one of the promoters of these public benefits. He
was instrumental in the organization of both the Point
Bridge Company and the Union Bridge Company, and
was elected president of both organizations.
Seeing also the urgent need of local street railway
facilities for the transportation of the rapidly increasing
population of the citv. Mr. Rhodes also became active
in this line, and the success and magnitude of the
street railway developments of the section is due largely
t his personal interests taken in these matters for a
number of years past. He was prominently identified
with the late Christopher L. Magee in many of the street
railway interests of the latter, and these connections
were responsible for the election of Mr. Rhodes to the
presidency of the Consolidated 'Traction Company upon
the death of Mr. Magee.

L O C O M O T I V E S A N D M A C H I N E R Y
Behind Pittsburgh's Roar and Rumble and Smoke and
Flame Is Pittsburgh - Made Machinery — Local Skill
Turns Out Nearly Two Hundred Locomotives Annually
T H E Pittsburgh district is the world's prize
locality in the production of manufactured
articles and as a market for such products.
Other localities make more locomotives, boilers,
machine-shop equipment, tools and some other specialties,
and in these instances cities and whole states
become famous for originating some one brand of manufacture.
Connecticut is the home of the lock industry,
Massachusetts is the nation's shoemaker, and other states
have some other manufacturing specialty as a source of
pride. But Pittsburgh manufactures practically everything
ever}- other state manufactures, and despite this
diversification of industrial effort succeeds in leading the
markets of the world in a number of manufacturingstaples.
Pittsburgh enterprise in manufacturing does not stop
at the above-recited accomplishments. Bv far the greatest
portion of raw material used by manufacturers
throughout the country for iron and steel products is
supplied by Pittsburgh. Besides, machinery, tools and
equipment made elsewhere are generally put into use
through motive power bearing the Pittsburgh trade-mark.
monopoly of supplying the world's demand for steam
locomotives.
Pittsburgh's fame as a machinery-producing center
is so vast that little beyond a general idea of its importance
can be given. Behind Pittsburgh's smoke and soot,
mar and rumble, and flash of flame is Pittsburgh-made
machinery. Go where you will among the Steel City's
great industries and you will find the trade-mark of this
cilv's machinery manufacturers. 'The enormous imn
and steel mills are operated bv machinery made in Pittsburgh
or its envimns. Pittsburgh-made machinery is
evident in every step taken into the industrial center's
expansive and up-to-date coal mines. Its oil and gas
fields give out their wealth-creating product through machinery
designed and finished at home.
A'ast as has been the demand for machinery at home,
Pittsburgh machinery manufacturers not only have supplied
this, but have reached out and implanted themselves
in other markets. To-day machinery made here
has a world-wide vogue. 'The product sells in every place
where industrial effort is a factor. Other localities may
produce liner work in the smaller industrial needs, but
Big railroads of the country come to Pittsburgh to in the bulkier and larger work Pittsburgh products have
buy their locomotives, one of the biggest of railroad loco- first call.
motive building plants being located on the lower North All this manufacturing demand has meant an enor-
Side. This plant turns out 150 locomotives a year. 'The mous impetus to industrial progress in Pittsburgh. Great
plant is an investment of millions of dollars and affords plants catering exclusively to furnishing machinery for
employment to hundreds of men. Through its product great industries everywhere dot the Pittsburgh district.
millions of people are annually guaranteed safe journeys These give employment to thousands of skilled mechanover
mountains and across plains, in fact, wherever trans- ics, the pick of the country, besides a veritable horde of
continental lines traverse in the LTnited States, or inter- common labor. Represented in these plants are millions
national railways wend their crooked way in foreign of dollars in money which helps make up the grand sum
lands. The Pittsburgh factory is one of the principal total of Pittsburgh prosperity. The daily shipments by
factories of the locomotive corporation which has a rail and water would give another city of Pittsburgh's size
203

204 11 E s () R Y O F
a tonnage of pleasing proportions. All in all there is
nothing more important in Pittsburgh than its machinery
manufactories, and it is an industry which is growing
every year into greater and greater dimensions.
LOCOMOTIVES
BUILDING OF LOCOMOTIVES NO SMALL PART OF THE STF.EL
CITY'S INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY
'Transcontinental railways are operated through steam
locomotives made in Pittsburgh, while the making of
these in Pittsburgh forms in itself an accurate history of
railroad building in the United States. Few communities
began building locomotives earlier than Pittsburgh.
The Steel City built the earlier and primitive type of
car hauler, and in the principal locomotive factory which
adorns the city to-day the highest class of steam locomotive
is turned out. Locomotive building is no small industry
in the industrial activity of Pittsburgh.
AM ERICAN LOG LAIOTIVE COMPANY—One
of the greatest American industries is represented by
the .American Locomotive Company, whose Pittsburgh
AA'mks are in Allegheny. 'The ten plants of the company
are located as follows: Schenectady Works,
Schenectady, N. Y.; Brooks AA'orks, Dunkirk, N. Y.;
Richmond AA'orks, Richmond, Va.; Rogers AA'orks,
Paterson, N. J.; Cooke AA'orks, Paters.m. N. J.; Rhode
Island AA'orks, Providence, R. T; Dickson AA'orks, Scranton,
Pa.; Manchester Works, Manchester, N. IT; Montreal
AA'orks, Montreal, Canada.
'The company employs a total of 22,000 men, not
including the general office force or heads of departments.
The plants are equipped to manufacture locomotives,
both steam and electric, for all classes of
service. In addition to the locomotive output, it manufactures
the Atlantic Steam Shovel, which is the only
successful cable hoist steam shovel mi the market to-.lav,
and is used mi manv of the largest engineering contracts
in this country and abroad; dredges of the hydraulic, dipper
and bucket type, for channel dredging, gold dredging
and all classes of dredging work; the rotary snowplow;
steam fire engines, and electric trailer and motor
trucks for street and interurban railway service.
The different plants have built in all 42.000 locomotives,
including engines for almost every mad mi this
continent and abroad.
In October, 1005, a subsidiary company, called the
American Locomotive Automobile Company, was incorporated,
and a special factory erected at Providence,
R. L, for the manufacture of the Berliet car, which was
already famous abroad.
ddiis garage, with its skilled corps of chauffeurs, is
up to date in every way. A garage, which is the largest
in the world, was also established in New York City at
1886 Broadway.
p | T T S B U R G H
'The American Locomotive Company was incorpo­
rated on fuly I, 1904, under the laws of New York
State.
'The company is capitalized at $50,000,000, of which
$25,000,000 is preferred, paying 7 per cent, cumulative
dividend, and $25,000,000 of which is common, paying
5 per cent, dividend per annum.
'The directors of the company are as follows: Wil­
liam M. Barnum, New York; Joseph Bryan, Richmond,
A'a.; Charles A. Coffin, New York; Pliny Fisk, New
York; fulius E. French. New York; Robert J. Gross,
New York; Waldo H. Marshall. New York; Charles
Miller, Franklin, Pa.; Sulvanua L. Schoonmaker, New
York; George R. Sheldon, New York; Frederick H.
Stevens, Buffalo, N. Y.
'The officers are: Waldo H. Marshall, president;
Robert L Gross, vice-president; Leigh Best, vice-president;
Hermann F. Ball, vice-president; David Van
Alstyne, vice-president; S. T. Calloway, secretary;
Charles B. Denny, treasurer, and Charles E. Patterson,
comptroller.
'The Pittsburgh AA'orks is the fifth largest plant of
the company. It was established in 1S65 as the Pittsburgh
Locomotive and Car AA'orks. The first president
was ATr. D. A. Stewart, and one of the stockholders
and prime 111. .vers was Andrew Carnegie. At present
Air. George Gurry is superintendent, and ATr. E. B.
Clark assistant superintendent.
ENGINES, MACHINERY, BOILERS
LOCAL INGENUITY AND SKILL PROMPTLY AND SUCCESSFULLY
HANDLE ALL DEMANDS OF TRADE
Do you want to build a railroad? Pittsburgh comprises
industries which can essay the job from any angle.
whether it be a steam railway permanently laid down or
a portable railway, or, according to the new idea, an electric
line equipped with steel cars. Do you want to erect
a factory? Then come to Pittsburgh, for the Steel City
will furnish the structural steel framework, put it up,
supply the machinery equipment to operate the factory,
and that to turn out the product; in fact, will equip as
well as build the factory without calling upon manufacturers
outside the Steel Citv. Have you an oil or gas
well or a coal mine to be equipped? Again it must lie
reiterated that Pittsburgh industry can deliver the goods
better, more expeditiously and more satisfactorily than
anv community upon the face of the globe.
Few Pittsburgh industries have grown so well and
in the face of such determined opposition as the manufacture
of engines, machinery, boilers and machine shop
equipment. Certain kinds of machine shop equipment,
like lathes, planers, etc., have been stanclbys in machine
shops for so many years that the making of them has
cmne to be a legacy handed down to generation after
generation of families, some members of which first made

T H E S T O R Y (") F S B U R G jo:
them. Boiler-making never was considered a Pittsburgh
industry; vet Pittsburgh manufacturers of boilers arc-
making greater inroads each year into the business of
their competitors.
A great advantage in favor of the home manufacturer,
besides Pittsburgh's natural facilities as a manufacturing
center, is an enormous home market for his
product. The Pittsburgh manufacturer, too, early appreciated
the need of supplying Pittsburgh industries with
articles built mi a much heavier order than is called for
elsewhere, with the result that in the heavier grade of
goods the Steel City manufacturers are rapidly monopolizing
the market.
Machinery-making in Pittsburgh represents a vast
range of objects. All the rolling-mill machinery used
here is made by Pittsburgh companies. Besides, big fans
tor mines, oil well and gas machinery is a Smoky Citv
product. Power equipment originates here. Pittsburgh
is one of the first cities to build engines for power purposes,
in the matter of the use of steam. Since then
local industry has spread and now includes manufacture
of everything in the way of power making, from
steam to electricity. Pittsburgh, for instance, has fewpeers
in the making of gas engines for power-creating
purposes.
Boiler-making is engaged in here mi a great scale.
Innumerable Pittsburgh plants are equipped with boilers
made here, and that industry is one which is constantly
expanding in the Pittsburgh district. 'Taken as a whole.
the making of engines, machinery, machine-shop equipment
and boilers, is one line of endeavor in which Pittsburgh
is rapidly looming int.. the front rank among
American manufacturers.
'THE CARROLL-PORTER BOILER & 'TANK
CO.—One of the prominent local firms which have
helped to make Pittsburgh famous is the Carroll-Porter
Boiler & d'ank Co., manufacturers of riveted steel pipes,
tanks and plate work generally. 'This firm has been in
existence since 1855. and is one of the oldest establishments
in the country. An institution of so great an
age must necessarily be worthy of entire trust, and the
reputation enjoyed by this firm is of the very highest.
Much of the equipment of mills and other manufacturingconcerns
in all parts of the country has come from its
shops, and its trade in Mexico, Smith America and
Australia is quite extensive.
'The manufacture of steel pipe is a specialty with the
firm. It is furnished for all purposes, including air lines,
gas lines, water lines and sewers. Some of the largest
pipe lines have been furnished by this company, mie line
being seven feet in diameter. It has also made large pipe
four feet in diameter for placer mining in the Yukon
gold-fields. Pipe lines for hydraulic mining are a spe­
cial feature of the company's products, these having
been placed in some of the most mountainous districts.
'The commodious offices of the company are located
in the Empire Building. Its manufacturing plant is in
Wellsville, Ohio, where it employs frmn two hundred to
three bun.lied men. The officers are: J. W. Porter,
president: J. E. Porter, secretary and treasurer. 'These
with AI. C. Porter compose the board .>! directors.
MACKINTOSH, HEMPHILL & CO. (the Fort
Pitt Foundry) — Erected almost mi the spot where were
cast the cannon that enabled Perry to win his victory mi
Lake Erie is monumental evidence ol success achieved
in iron and steel. Dating back to the first quarter of the
nineteenth century, the Fort Pitt Foundry as a business
institution typifies the growth and progress of Pittsburgh.
In its transitions frmn one phase of manufac­
turing to another, the foundry has kept in touch with, if
not in advance of, the needs of the times.
'Ihe inception of the Tort Pitt Foundry is credited
to Alexander McClurg. In [825, ere Pittsburgh had
scarcely ceased to be a "western settlement." near what
is now Twelfth and Etna Streets. McClurg established
a foundry and machine shop that for those .lavs were
neither small nor ill equipped.
At the outset McClurg. individually, owned the foundry,
lie took in partners and they formed the firm of
McClurg, Pratt i\: AA'a.le. which afterwards became Mc­
Clurg, AA'ade & ('. 1. Another transaction occurred, and
the plant was transferred to John Freeman. Following
Freeman came Freeman, Knapp & Totten; then successively
the business was carried mi by Knapp & Co..
Knapp, AA'ade & Co.. Knapp, Rudd & Co., Charles
Knapp and Charles Knapp's nephews; title passed to the
Fort Pitt Foundry Company, and in 1878 the property
was purchased by its present owners. Mackintosh, Hemphill
& Co.
'Ihe first output of the foundry consisted of stoves,
sugar kettles and such castings as were then in demand.
Then saw mills, engines, boilers and machinery attested
the constructive ability of the establishment. In this
foundry and machine-shop were made, later mi, the
locomotives used mi the old Portage Railroad. After
the fire of 1858, in which the entire works were destroyed,
the plant was reconstructed mi a smaller scale.
During the Civil War the foundry was devoted to the
making of cannon and cannon balls. In filling urgent
government orders, for a while the Fort Pitt Foundrv
delivered three guns and tmis of shot and shell daily.
From the "sixties" to to-day is scarcely more than
the span of a generation, vet in the interim what wonderful
changes have been wrought in the world. Most
marvelous has been the expansion of the iron and steel
industry. A successful business adjusts itself to existing
conditions and prepares fully for the future. To
the foresight, energy and engineering ability of fames
Hemphill, mie of the founders of Alackintosh-Heiiiphill
& Co.. is largely due the present high standing of the

?o6 S () R Y D F
gigantic establishment which has succeeded the foundry
and machine-shop of Alexander McClurg. Hemphill
anticipated what would be required by the trade. In
building engines, rolling mills, blast furnace machinery,
hydraulic presses, hydraulic riveters, hydraulic shears.
vertical shears and other monster appliances, the work
of the Fort Pitt Foundry is distinguished for size, pre­
cision and solidarity of construction. 'The output of
the Fort Pitt Foundry represents the biggest and most
improved equipment of modern steel plants. Almost
at its door there exists always a market for all it can
make. The steel-making concerns in the vicinity of
Pittsburgh have proved that the work of the Fort Pitt
Foundry is about the best there is.
Mackintosh, Hemphill & Co. is a corporation capitalized
at $1,000,000. 'The officers of the company are
Joseph Fawell, President; AA'. IT. McFadden, Vice-President;
Pennock Hart, Treasurer, and William AT Westerman,
Secretary. Associated with the above on the Board
of Directors are 1). E. Park. William AA'ade and George
W. Baum. 'The company regularly employs 600 men.
'The Fort Pitt Foundry was among the first to build
open-hearth furnaces and make their own castings. By
doing this thev were assured absolutely of the quality of
their steel. Determined always to obtain the best results,
it has never been the policy of the company to
spare expense or effort. Work of Mackintosh, Hemphill
& Co. for vears has been accepted as the standard
of excellence. Embodied in some of the biggest and
best blast furnaces and rolling mills in the Pittsburgh
district are the ideas of Hemphill and his associates and
assistants. Wrought into the mighty appliances of modern
steel-making is the genius of the man who made the
Fort Pitt Foundry famed for the massiveness, strength.
capacity and economical operation of the machinery
which it constructed.
()n August 7, 1907, James Hemphill passed away,
but the organization with which he was so prominently
identified endures and rigidly adheres to the rules he laid
down soon after Mackintosh, Hemphill & Co. acquired
the Fort Pitt Foundry.
Commercial history is sometimes said to be sordid
and uninteresting, but in the annals of the Pittsburgh
district there are few things more instructive than the
story of the rise, development and substantial enlargement
of the Fort Pitt Foundry.
MESTA MACHINE COMPANY—One of the largest
foundry and machine companies in the Pittsburgh
district was incorporated November 21, [898, and purchased
the plants and interests of the Robinson-Rea
Manufacturing Company, and the Leechburg Foundry
& Machine Co. Both these firms had conducted a well
established business in engines and rolling-mill machinery,
which the Mesta Machine Company has continued.
'The year following the consolidation, the old plants were
r T S B U R G H
dismantled and sold, and the present plant built at West
I lofnestead.
'The officers of the company are: George Mesta,
President; C. L Mesta, Vice-President; AV. D. Rowan,
Secretary, and J. O. Horning, 'Treasurer. The general
offices are at AVest Homestead, Pa. Pittsburgh city
office, Lewis Block. Branch offices: New York, Hudson
'Terminals; Chicago, Commercial National Bank
Building; Birmingham, Woodward Building. Foreign
representative for Japan, China and Korea is Mitsui &
Co., of New York.
Idle plant covers twenty acres and is situated near
the Monongahela River, below the Homestead Plant of
the Carnegie Steel Company, and has direct connection
with the Pennsylvania R. R., B. & O. R. R. and P. cY. L.
E. R. R. 'The plant level is fourteen feet above the highest
known water mark, which assures safety from floods,
an item of great importance in any manufacturing plant,
and especially a foundry. Additions are now beingmade,
which, upon completion, together with their pres­
ent plant, will give employment to about 2.500 men.
All the buildings are fire-proof, only steel, concrete
and brick being used in their construction. Work can
never be delayed on account of fire, a feature as important
to customers as it is to the company. The most
modern practice has been followed in the general plant
arrangement. To the engineer this means that power is
generated at one central power-house and electrically
transmitted to all parts of the works. In the general
operation of the foundry and machine business there is
a careful division of the departments,- chief among which
are pattern-shop, pattern storeroom, metal yard for
raw material, imn and steel foundries, and a complete
machine-shop equipped with modern machine tools and
manv special tools for all particular classes of work. In
connection with the machine-shop a large space is arranged
for the erection of large machinery and engines.
In order to facilitate the co-operation so necessary
between Sales. Engineering and Shop, the general offices
are located in a modern four-story fire-proof building in
close proximity to the works. The general office is maintained
n the second floor, while the third and fourth
floors are occupied by the engineering and drafting departments.
Ample space is provided in fire-proof vaults
for all books, engineering- records and drawings. Upon
the first floor is located a kitchen and private diningroom
for visitors and officers of the company; a large
dining-room, where luncheon is served each day to the
office force, foremen and assistant foremen of the works.
The peculiar feature of this office building is the library
in connection. Its tables are covered with technical and
scientific periodicals. 'This library being a branch of the
Homestead Carnegie Library, it is not restricted to a
few, but the privileges of its use are extended to every
man in the works.
In its domestic trade this company has built some of

T H E S T () R Y () F S B R G II 207
the largest engines and rolling mills in the United States, officers will be pleased to have those call who do not
among which are five horizontal cross-compound blow- have the time to visit the general office and works at
ing engines which furnish blast for two Ooo-tmi furnaces West Homestead. Kept on file at this office are general
of the Illinois Steel Company, Chicago, 111.; live vertical plans ami photographs of the various types of machinery
cross-compound engines which furnish blast for the two made. Catalogs and illustrative matter will be gladly
large furnaces of the Donora Plant of the Carnegie Steel
Company; twenty-four vertical long crosshead blowing
furnished by the company.
engines for the Tennessee Coal, Imn & Railroad Co., located
at Ensley, Ala.; one large cross-compound engine
OIL WELL SUPPLY COMPANY—It would be
impossible to find a more thoroughly representative
which drives the finishing end of the new rail mill of Pittsburgh industry than the ( til Well Supply Company,
the Bethlehem Steel Company, Smith Bethlehem, Pa.
(one of the bed plates of this engine weighed over 100
tmis and required a special four-truck car for shipment 1 ;
two twin tandem compound reversing engines for the
Bethlehem Steel Company; reversing engines for the
and there are few concerns that have lent so great an
impetus to the enriching and growth of the community
in which thev were planted.
No mie familiar with Pittsburgh and her natural
resources needs to be enlightened as to the vital part
PLANT OF THE MESTA MACHINE COMPANY, WEST HOMESTEAD, PA.
Illinois Steel Company. La Belle Imn Works, Youngstown
Sheet & Tube Co., Tennessee Coal, Imn & Railroad
Co.. and manv other large plants.
Of foreign trade among the various installations
made by this company are four large blowing engines
for the Lake Superior Power Company, Sault Ste. Marie,
Out., Canada; several rolling mills for Rhodes Curry &
Co., Amherst. Nova Scotia, Canada; a large engine and
complete sugar mill for the Colonial Sugar Company,
Cienfuegos, Cuba; a Corliss engine, two rolling mills,
shears and other machinery for the Imperial Steel
Works, f Japan.
Since its incorporation, the ATesta Machine Company
has maintained a city office in the Lewis Block, at the
corner of Sixth Avenue and Smithfield Street, where the
which oil and natural gas have played in Pittsburgh's
present prosperity, and no single industry has exerted
a more potent effect upon the oil and gas development
than has the Oil Well Supply Company. It is not to..
much to say that the business sagacity which prompted
Ah'. John Eaton to establish this business was an indi­
rect, but most important factor in the present great
development of Pittsburgh.
The history of the Oil Well Supply Company is
practically a history of the oil industry. It dates back
to a comparatively short time after the discovery of oil
in western Pennsylvania, and resulted from a visit to the
m'l regions by the President of the Oil Well Supply
Company, Air. John Eaton. 'The first well drilled ex­
pressly for petroleum was completed August 28, [859,

PLANTS ol- THE OIL WELI, SUPPLY COMPANY
WORKS AT OSWEGO, X. V. IMPERIAL WORKS. Oil. CITY, PA. Works AT PITTSBURGH. PA.

T LI S T O R Y O F P I s I', { G 209
and caused a great sensation. Mr. Eaton visited the oil
country in 1861 and was impressed with the great future,
then evident, for the oil business. The discovery of oil
had attracted many investors and adventurers to the oil
regions, and new wells were drilled as fast as the crude
machinery of those days could accomplish the work.
Many more would have been drilled had supplies been
obtainable, but at that time this was an impossibility.
In 1S67 Air. Eaton
established a business
for the sale of oil well
supplies on his own
a ceo u 11 t, and two
vears later he organized
the firm of Eaton
& Cole, which was
afterwards merged into
a corporation, under
the laws of Connecticut,
k 11 o w 11 as
'The Eaton, die &
B u r n h a m ('.O., the
principal office of the
company b e i 11 g i n
New York City. In
[876 the Oil Well
S u p ]> 1 y Company,
Ltd., was formed by
the union of several
firms in a similar line
of business, including
the supply department
of The Eaton, Cole &
Burnham Co. In 1891
the present corporation,
organized under
the laws of Pennsyl­
vania, succeeded the
limited copartnership.
In 1859 the entire
production of petroleum
amounted to only
8,500 barrels. In
1905 the production
exceeded 120,000,000
barrels. Nearly 250.-
000 wells have been
drilled, and eve r y
well has been equipped, wholly or in part, with the
products of the Oil Well Supply Company, which
company stands to-day at the head of the supply
business of the world. From a nominal capital it
has grown until it now has a capital of $1,500,000, and
a surplus of over $5,000,000. Its manufacturing plants
are very extensive, the one at Oil City, Pa., covering 2^
acres, mi which are over thirty separate buildings. The
JOHN EATON
company manufactures within itself nearly every article-
require.1 for drilling and operating oil, gas and water
wells for refineries, and pipe lines, and steam, gas and
water goods generally.
'Ihe head office of the company is at Pittsburgh. Pa.
Its officers are: President. John Eaton; Vice-President,
Lent.hi ("bickering: 'Treasurer. Louis lb-own. and Sec­
retary, Louis C. Sands. Directors: John Eaton, Kenton
('bickering, Louis
Brown, Louis C.
Sands and U. G. Hubley.
When the Oil Well
Supply Company was
founded the oil business
was in its in­
fancy. P r i m i t i v e
i d e a s prevailed and
tools and methods of
the crudest sort were
in general use. The
first oil well was
"kicked" d 0 w 11 b y
means of a spring
pole. 'The operation
r e q u i r e d several
months to r e a c h a
depth of 69 feet. By
the improved, power­
ful machinery nowused
for the same
work it is n< >t unci minion
to drill 100 feet
in a single day. The
tools used at the present
time are very different
from those employed
to drill the first
wells. ()n the Drake
and other early wells
the tools weighed less
than 100 pounds. 'Today
a string of tools
weighs frmn 5,000 to
4,000 pounds. The
engines and boilers
formerly used seldom
exceeded 10 horsepower,
Now 25 horse-power, and frequently larger sizes.
are used. Gas engines are also coming more and more
into use for drilling wells. Formerly oil was carted in
barrels from the wells to the nearest stream or railway
station, whence it would be transported in barges or cars
to all parts of the country. 'To-.lav oil is distributed
through pipe lines frmn the wells to pumping stations
and refineries all over the country.

10 T II E S T (> R V |
F I' I T T S B U R G II
'The first iron pipe made for tubing wells was manuroSEPH
REID (LAS ENGINE COMPANY—
factured at 'Taunton, Mass., on an order given by Air. "The large plant and general offices of the Joseph Reid
loin, Eaton It was 2-inch, butt-welded pipe and was Gas Engine Company, winch is one of the leading con-
sold to the producers at $1.25 per foot. To-day lap- cents in the United States in the manufacture of gas
welded iron tubing, tested at 2,500 pounds to the square engines for use in drilling and pumping Oil and gas
inch, sells for 14 cents per foot. wells, are located at Oil City, Pa., in the heart of the oil
John Eaton, the founder and President of the Oil belt of western Pennsylvania. I his location gives the
Well Supply Company, is the son of Hiram W. and company the best and most economical facilities for ship-
Annie ( .Alott ) Eaton, and was born August 20, 1N40. at ping its product to the home field, and at the same time
Esopus, Ulster Countv. New York. His father was a any convenience which would be afforded were the plant
native of Connecticut, but moved to Brooklyn, N. Y., in located in any other portion of the great Pittsburgh
1842, where he died in [899 at the advanced age of iron and steel belt.
ninety-one vears. 'The Eaton family came from Eng- 'The engine which is the chief production of the
land—one brother on the Mayflower, the other arriving company is the invention of Joseph Reid, of Oil City,
in 1O27. 'Their descendants were prominent in New and who first started in its manufacture in 1894, the
England's early history and took part in the French first one being placed on the market in December of
and Indian and Revolutionary wars. The Alott family, that year. 'The engine became popular at once, and on
to which Mr. Eaton's mother belonged, was of French account of its compactness and at the same time its
origin, and thev also were prominent in the war for capability of generating great power, a large number of
American independence. them were sold and used in the oil country during the
At the age of twenty Air. Eaton entered the employ next few years. Mr. Reid had in the meantime applied
of the firm of Joseph Nason & Co., of New York City, for letters patent covering his invention, and these were
manufacturers of brass and iron, steam, gas and water granted him in June. [898.
goods, and within one year he was promoted to the It was then decided to expand the business and enter
management of the business. Soon afterwards he vis- greater fields, and Mr. Reid incorporated his business
ited 'Titusville. Pa., and other sections of the oil regions. in February of the following year under the style of
when he conceived the idea of establishing a business the Joseph Reid (las Engine Company, which name the
which the discovery of petroleum had made a necessity. firm continues to use to-day. Mr. Reid was elected head
Since the year 1807 the history of the oil business and of the company, and has held this position, together with
the personal history of John Eaton have been so closely that of general manager, continuously. To this position
intertwined that the growth of one clearly reflects the much of the success of the company is due. Air. Reid's
success of the other. Since the establishment of the intelligent and painstaking management as displayed at all
business Air. Eaton has been president and manager of times has been largely instrumental in promoting the
the company. company's advancement.
Mr. Eaton is a man ol genial disposition and attrac- Later in [899 the company introduced a new model,
tive personality. While absent on a trip around the this being a reversible gas engine. It is worthy of menworld
in 1904 he was elected I'resident of the Pittsburgh tion that the first one placed in use was on the property
Chamber of Commerce. He is a member of the Du- of Air. Reid himself, and was used in drilling one of his
quesne, Union, Civic and Country Clubs of Pittsburgh, own wells. 'This well was drilled to a depth of 908 feet
and the Engineers' Club of New York City. lie is also in about ten days, and with gas selling at the rate of
a thirty-second-degree Mason. Air. Eaton is very highly twenty-live cents per thousand feet, the fuel cost of drillesteemed
in social and industrial circles. ing was less than one cent per foot of hole drilled. Since
In 1863 he married Margaret H. Collins, of Brook- that time many much better records have been made.
lyn, N. Y. 'They have two daughters, Mabel, wife of While the manufacture of gas engines forms the
Rev. Frederick Ward Denys, Rector of St. Mary's principal part of the business of the company, it is not
Episcopal Church of Baltimore, Aid., and Lulu, wife of all of it. as wherever fuel oil is used the Reid oil burner
Louis Brown, of Pittsburgh, 'Treasurer of the Oil Well is known, and many thousands of them have been made
Supply Company. and distributed since the first was designed and patented.
'The ( )il Well Supply Company does not confine its This burner was also the invention of Joseph Reid, and
business to this country, but has a very extensive trade the Reid Oil Well Pumping Power is intended as a fitting
in all parts of the world. Besides its large manufactur- mate for the Reid Gas Engine.
ing plant at Oil City it has plants at Pittsburgh and 'The engines have now been in use in all parts of the
Bradford. Pa.. Osweg... N. Y., Parkersburg, A\". Va., country long enough to demonstrate their practical worth
Poplar Bluff, AI..., Memphis, Tenn., and Van Wert, and economical value. As good time has been made with
( tin... and stores and branches in the various gas and oil them as with steam engines of far greater power, and at
fields in the different States and territories. a greatly reduced cost.

T H O R AT O s r r c 11
TRANTER MANUFACTURING COMPANY—
The Tranter Manufacturing Company's business was
founded in [836 by J. B. Sherriff, who had a brass foun­
dry in Market Street. J. B. Sherriff, Sons & Co. that
year began making pumps and miscellaneous metal
goods for the mill and river boat trade. Henry 'Tranter,
who started as a grocery clerk, became president in
1900. He is also treasurer. William H. Tranter, vicepresident,
was Allegheny countv boiler-inspector four
years. John F. Robertson, secretary, and George IT
Culley, superintendent, are also mainstays of the business,
which grew five-fold frmn 1905 to 1907. These
four men and W. II. 'Tranter,
Jr., are the directors.
'The company is capitalized
at $25,000 and has $25,000
surplus. Its bus_v plant is
at 105 Water Street, Pittsburgh,
extending through
to 104 First .Avenue.
This company's products
are recognized for high efficiency
and durability, the
Defiance jet pump, Coil's
patent ejector, Sherriff's patent
pump and the Robertson
blow-off valve having
been adopted as standard by
manv large manufacturers.
'The company, pioneer dealer
in gas engines in Pittsburgh.
has added gasoline marine
engines and motor boats. It
deals also in steam engines.
bmlers, steam and power
pumps, dynamos and motors,
s h a f t i 11 g s, hangings and
other transmission goods,
and does much machinery
repairing. The Tranter
Manufacturing Comp a n y
has always been the exclusive
Pittsburgh agent for
the well known firm of Fairbanks, Morse & Co., and the
equally well known firm of Struthers-Wells (ompany.
THE WESTINGHOUSE INTERESTS—When
writing a story about the citv of Pittsburgh, its growth,
its progress, and its development, a brief history of the
Westinghouse interests from the time the first company
of that industrial group was established up to the present
dav is absolutely essential.
The Westinghouse interests comprise now about
thirty industrial corporations. They employ about 50,-
000 operatives. Their total capitalization approximates
$200,000,000. Their annual output aggregates the sum
GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE
of about $150,000,000. Thev operate twenty factories in
six different countries, and they have nineteen general
offices and two hundred and seven district offices. They
have special agencies in eighty-nine cities located in
twenty different countries. 'The product of these fac­
tories is used in every country of the world. It is safe
to say that the name "Westinghouse," so indissolubly
linked with the development of the city of Pittsburgh,
has been the largest factor in establishing throughout the
world the fact that this is the greatest industrial center
of the universe.
A little over thirty years ago Mr. George Westinghouse,
the head of all these
corporations, laid the foundation
for these vast interests
by o r g a n 1 z i 11 g The
Westinghouse Air B r a k e
Company. A small factory
with fifty employees, located
at the corner of 'Twentyfifth
and Liberty Streets.
Pittsburgh, was the beginning.
'To-.lav the more im­
portant companies of the entire
Westinghouse interests
a r e the t. ill. iwing: The
Westinghouse Air Brake
(' < 1 m 11 a n v. Westingh. mse
Machine Company, Westinghouse
Electric & Manufacturing
Co., Union Switch
& Signal Co., Nernst Lamp
Company, Pittsburgh Meter
('. nnpany, R. I). N u t t a 1
Company, S a w y e r-AI a 11
Electric Company, American
Brake Company, Westinghouse
Foundry Company,
Westinghouse T r a c t i o n
Brake ('.niipanv-, Westinghouse
Auto m a t i c Air &
Steam Coupler Co., Perkins
Electric Switch Manufacturing
Company, Bryant Electric Company. Cooper-
I lewitt Electric Company. While these companies are all
located in this country, there are a number of others situated
abroad, the more prominent of which are the
Canadian Westinghouse Company, British Westinghouse
Electric & Manufacturing Co., Westinghouse Brake Com­
pany, Ltd.. French Westinghouse Company, Russian
Westinghouse Company, and German Westinghouse
Company.
The Westinghouse Air Brake Company, which is the
parent organization, was organized in 1869 for the pur­
pose of manufacturing the Westinghouse air brake, an
invention of George A\restinghouse. which he had only

I 2 II E S O R Y O F S L U R G H
recently before succeeded in bringing into commercial
use. 'The wonderful characteristics of this appliance
soon made it popular, and the railroads quickly decided
upon its adoption. 'The result was that the small
factory in Pittsburgh expanded to its utmost ca­
pacity. Business, however, continued to grow, and
a new location for a factory was secured in Alle­
gheny City, where the Westinghouse air brake was
manufactured for the American market, until these
works also became too small to supply the demand for
its product, and a large tract of land was secured at
Wilmerding in the 'Turtle Creek Valley, fourteen miles
east of the citv of Pittsburgh, where extensive shops
the time it was first applied to railroad cars, there has
never been anything brought out to either replace or
sttpersede it. The AVestinghouse Air Brake Company at
Wilmerding employs now about 4,000 men, many of
whom have been engaged with the firm more than
twenty-five vears. While the shops at these works sup­
ply the market for all the countries in North and South
America, except Canada, a number of foreign companies
have been established to take care of the trade in their
respective countries.
Although the Westinghouse Air Brake Company is
the oldest organization among the Westinghouse interests,
it is not the largest. 'This distinction belongs to the
WORKS OI-' THE WESTINGHOUSE AIR DRAKE COMI'ANV AT WILMERDING, PA.
had been established in the meantime. Since then the
company has grown until it has to-day a capacity of
turning out 1.000 sets of brakes a dav. The AArestinghouse
air brake has now been adopted by every railroad
of anv consequence in every civilized country throughout
the world. In the development of the railroad business,
as it exists to-.lav, the Westinghouse air brake has
been mie of the most important factors, and it is merely
stating a fact that without the air brake the transportation
facilities afforded by the railroads to-day would
have been impossible. 'The AArestinghoiise air brake is
generally considered one of the most wonderful inventions
that has ever been conceived, and is unique in the
fact that it has never been successfully imitated. From
Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co., whose
growth and development is considered one of the marvels
of the industrial history of America. 'This company
was formed in 1886 from a department of the Union
Switch & Signal Co., and was then located in Garrison
Alley in the city of Pittsburgh. To-day the company's
main factory is situated at East Pittsburgh, ddie entire
lot of buildings have a floor space of fortv-three acres,
and the shops employ over 12,000 operatives. The annual
output is valued at about $60,000,000. Besides this
there is connected with these factories a foundry in
Allegheny City, a factory in Cleveland, Ohio, and a factory
in Newark. N. J.
It is safe to say that the development of the AA'est-

T H E S T O R Y O F S B U R G M 213
inghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co. has been one of York, New Haven & Hartford R. R. Co. is operating
the most important factors in the progress and growth this system mi a part of their main line between New
of the electrical industry in this country. 'The Westing- A'.irk Citv and Boston.
hmise Electric Company has been the pioneer in the de- 'The business outlook for this company has never
velopment of the alternating current single-phase system been brighter than at the present time. New uses for
of electrical distribution, which system gave the first electricity are found daily, and the possibilities for elec-
great impetus to the popularity of electric incandescent
lighting. It was the Westinghouse Electric Company
which, through the development of the alternating current
system, made long-distance power transmission a
commerical possibility, and it was this company which
trical distribution arc lie-coming constantly more and
more recognized.
Ihe Westinghouse Machine Company, another of
the larger concerns of the Westinghouse' interests, has
been in the business of manufacturing steam engines for
installed the first long-distance power transmission plant about thirty years, until to-.lav it is the leading nianuat
Niagara Falls. It was the Westinghouse Electric facturer of steam-power appliances in the world. Its
t ompany which, through its work in the electric rail- business has increased to enormous proportions, and its
wav department, has brought it about that this country products are in operation in most of the countries
in the development of electric railroading leads the throughout the world. To-day, however, the company
-
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#«r W'--'Y^'V1
Pr*. A. r*'-^••'''*••
WORKS OF THE WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING CO., AT EAST PITTSBURGH, PA.
world. Even to-day all the foremost electrical engineers
and railmad experts are looking to the Westinghouse
Company for a solution of the problem that will eventually
displace steam by electricity on all the large trunk
lines. It is expected that this will be accomplished by
the Westinghouse alternating current single-phase electric
railway system. 'This system was invented by Benjamin
Lamme, Chief Engineer of the company, and
fmm the day that he made his announcement to the
engineering world it has amused the greatest interest.
During the last few years the company has introduced
this system on a number of railroads throughout the
country as well as abroad, and from the success that has
accompanied the different installations it is now generally
expected that every hope of the single-phase electric
railway system will be realized. No stronger proof
for this system can be desired than the fact that the New-
does not confine itself to the manufacture of steam engines
alone, but it also makes the well-known Roney
Mechanical Stoker, an appliance which is very extensively
used in boiler plants. Some ten vears ago the company
entered the gas-engine field and began the construction
of the Westinghouse Gas Engine. Until that
time very few gas engines were made larger than too
horse-power, and the Westinghouse Machine Company
became the pioneer in this branch of gas-engine construction.
So successful has it been that the demand
for its product is constantly growing, and the company
manufactures to-day gas engines as large as 4,000 horse­
power. 'I he Westinghouse Machine ('ompany is also the
pioneer in the steam turbine business, it having brought
out in [899 the Westinghouse-Parsons steam turbine.
'The manv advantages of this type of modern steam
engine over others of a similar kind have been so pro-
*

214 s () R Y () F S B U G
nounced that the Westinghouse-Parsons turbine is leav­
ing all of its competitors far behind. There are to-day
about doo Westinghouse-Parsons steam turbine units in
operation with a total horse-power capacity of 1,500,000.
'The demand for this kind of engine is so great that
the simps are constantly crowded with work. 1 lie \A est-
inghouse Machine Company's main factory is located at
East Pittsburgh, La., while it has a foundry at Trafford
City. Pa., and another factory at Attica, N. Y. The
company employs about 4,000 men.
'The Union Switch & Signal Co., the fourth in the
gmup of larger Westinghouse corporations, is probably
the oldest company in this country engaged in the manufacture
of railway signals and safety appliances, and its
product has become so popular that there is scarcely a
railroad in this country which is not equipped with
Union Switch & Signal Co. apparatus. A wonderful
impetus has been given to this business within the last
few years owing to the fact that the railroads have come
to a more thorough realization of the fact that it is to
their greatest advantage to provide their lines with the
latest and most modern signalling and safety devices
Walter Nernst, a German professor. It differs con­
siderably from the modern arc lamp, and also frmn the
incandescent lamp. Its great characteristics are its won­
derful brilliancy and extraordinary economy of electric
current consumption. It has already been introduced
in manv places throughout the country.
Other Westinghouse factories in this country are lo­
cated in Newark. Cleveland. St. Louis and New York
City, besides the Canadian factory situated at Hamilton,
Ont, where the Canadian trade is taken care of.
PORTABLE RAILWAYS
PLANT OF ARTHUR KOPPEL COMPANY, KOPPEL, PA.
for the purpose of guarding their property as well as
saving lives. Signal engineering has become one of the
most important branches in railroad construction, and
the future business of the Union Switch & Signal Co.
looks very promising. 'The company was organized in
[88i and occupied a small factory mi Garrison Alley in
the citv of Pittsburgh. AA'hen the Electric Company was
organized, however, in [886, the Switch Company went
into new quarters and built a factory at Swissvale, Pa.,
where it is now located. 'The factory, however, has been
considerably enlarged since that time, and to-.lav the
company employs about 5,000 men.
'These four companies are the most important of the
Westinghouse group located in the Pittsburgh district,
although there should also be mentioned the Pittsburgh
Meter Company, which manufactures gas and water
meters, its factory being located at F.ast Pittsburgh, the
R. D. Nuttal Company, located mi Garrison Alley, Pittsburgh,
which manufactures gears and trolleys, and the
Nernst Lamp Company, which was formed some few
vears ago for the purpose of manufacturing and introducing
the Nernst lamp. This lamp was invented by
A BUSINESS THAT HAS GROWN TO ONE OF GREAT PROSPERITY
WITH UNLIMITED OPPORTUNITIES
Portable railways have come to be put to so many
uses that it is wondered how people ever got along
without them. One Pittsburgh company manufactures
these removable common carriers for railroad contractors,
brick plants, quarries, boiler rooms, sugar and tobacco
plantations, and even stables. 'The business has
grown to one of great prosperity with unlimited oppor-
trinities, as the portable railway has come to be an
absolute necessity where there is heavy hauling to be
done and a constant shifting of base of operations.
ARTHUR KOPPEL COMPANY—The Arthur
Koppel Company is the largest manufacturer of industrial
and portable railways in the world, and its products
are used in every country on the globe. The plant is
located at Koppel, Pa., thirty-five miles from Pittsburgh.
This company was established in [876 for the manufacture
of industrial and portable railway materials.
consisting of all kinds of portable material, such as
rails, switches, frogs, crossings, turntables, tracks, wheels
and axles, steel and wooden flat and dump cars, charging
cars, simp and yard cars, and in fact cars of all kinds,
description and design. Including all plants the company
employs frmn 5.500 to 4,000 men, and is capitalized at
11.000,000 marks, the stock being handled in Berlin.
It is a foreign corporation, with its principal office in
Berlin, Germany, and is duly authorized to do business
in America. Its officers are Arthur Reiche, general man­
ager; Karl Hansen, chief engineer; Carl Franck, pur-

chasing agent and assistant general manager; II. A. Ellis,
superintendent of works, all of whom have a power of
attorney. Paul Schreiber is manager of the sales department.
'The company occupies the entire sixteenth
floor of the Machesney Building, Fourth Avenue, Pitts­
burgh, with offices at 66 Broad Street, New York; the
Monadnock Block, Chicago; Oliver Street, Boston: in
the "Chronicle" Building, San Francisco; San Juan,
Puerto Rico, and Havana, Cuba.
These branches were established to sell the products
ot the newly erected plant at Koppel, Pa. The plant
also turns out material for export, especially for Porto
Rico, Cuba and Mexico. All other foreign trade is
handled through the Berlin office.
Koppel is an ideal industrial town. About two vears
ago. when the company decided to build an American
plant for the manufacture of portable and industrial railmads,
the problem of a location loomed up as the most
serious obstacle to be overcome.
The Arthur Koppel Company has eight plants in Europe.
It has had
a good deal of
experience in the
selection of loca­
tions, and it knew
exactly vv h a t it
wanted. A schedule
of all things
necessary to a n
ideal site was
made up, and experts
were s e n t
out to find the
spot that c a m e
n e a rest to the
standard of ex­
cellence determined upon. Finally a plot of ground on
the Beaver River, thirty-five miles frmn Pittsburgh, was
offered. It was found to contain more advantages and
fewer disadvantages than anv other available site to be
found. As a result over (>oo acres were purchased, an
extensive manufacturing plant was erected, and the town
of Koppel was founded.
STEEL CARS
MARVELOUS GROWTH AND STRENGTH OF AN INDUSTRY NOT
TEN YEARS OLD
Steel cars are turned out in Pittsburgh at the rate
of 75,000 a vear and shipped to all parts of the world.
and the making of them affords employment to 15,000
to 18,000 people in the Pittsburgh district. The money
investment in these plants runs into several million dollars,
and the product is one of the big features of Pittsburgh's
enormous tonnage. All this activity is part of
an industry not yet ten years old. 'The genius of Schoen
() R Y O F U R G II 2 I .
BUTLER, PA., PLANT OF I III
first blazed the way to have the steel car succeed the
wooden freight car of trade, and now every railroad in
the world is replacing the old freight standby with the
new, while steel construction in passenger coaches is be­
coming a fixture, the first important experiment in that
direction being those coaches in use in the New A.irk
subway.
THE STANDARD STEEL CAR COMPANY—
'The extended use of steel in car construction is ol comparatively
recent introduction in the United States, but
in the past few vears freight cars of steel, that more and
more nearly approach the ideal, have been developed.
Attested as the latest and best evolution of the idea is
the car built of structural steel bv the Standard Steel Car
Company. In the cars manufactured by this company
is the maximum of present attainment in the way of
excellent wearing qualities, large capacity and great
strength combined with comparatively light weight in a
form of construction that permits the quick repairment,
in a 1 111 o s t any
railroad shop, of
damages acciden-
t a 1 1 v incurred.
Structural steel
cars are similar
in general design
to those built up
from pressed
shapes, originally
placed mi the
market. In con­
stant use. always
giving excellent
service, mi nearly
\R COMPANY
every important
railmad in the United States, structural steel freight cars
are unquestionably demonstrating their superior advantages.
( Irganized mi January 1, 1902, capitalized at $5,000,-
000, so far, with the exception that it makes motor trucks
for electric cars, the Standard Steel Car Company has
concentrated its efforts in the manufacture of steel and
composite freight cars. Its great success is indicated by
the prominent position the company holds in the carbuilding
industry.
The general offices of the Standard Steel Car Com­
pany are in the Frick Building, Pittsburgh. 'The officers
of the corporation are: J. AI. Hansen, President: J. B.
Brady. Vice-President; T. IT Gillespie, 'Treasurer, and
Max Bierman. Secretary.
The company owns and operates three huge carbuilding
establishments and a large forge plant. 'Thecal'
factories are located in Butler. Pennsylvania, Hammond.
Indiana, and Newcastle. Pennsylvania. 'The forge
plant is situated in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania. At the

2 l6 S T 0 R Y O F P I T T S B U R G H
various plants of the company are at present employed
over i 1,000 men. 'The company usually has upwards
of 9,000 employees on its pay-rolls. The output of the
company is 175 freight cars a day.
Half a mile long, the company's great car-building
establishment at Butler, the largest plant of its kind in
the world, is arranged carefully and equipped fully in
every way for expeditious and efficient car construction.
From the time the material is delivered in train-load lots
at the factory, until the car is painted and turned over
to the purchaser, each operation required in building is
carried on with every aid that experience and engineering
ability could suggest or mechanical ingenuity apply.
'Though smaller in size and output than the Butler plant,
the factories at Newcastle and Hammond possess excellent
facilities.
Not only for its extensive daily additions to the car
capacity of the country, but for its great factories and
army of employees is the Standard Steel Car Company
noted. From the Panama Canal to Montreal it is famed
for the satisfactory service constantly performed by the
freight cars it has constructed.
STEAM PUMPING MACHINERY
AN ERA OF UNPRECEDENTED PROSPERITY BROUGHT ABOUT BY
THE NEED OF FILTRATION
Steam pump manufacture is one of the oldest and
more firmly founded lines of industrial effort in Pittsburgh,
the Steel City being famous for years for what
it has done in the way of making pumps of great power.
'The business just now is enjoying a prosperous era,
since the need of supplying pure water to the residents
of larger cities has made filtration an issue everywhere.
The greater per cent, of filtration schemes involve some
phase of pumping, while the erection of sky-scraper
office buildings, great mills, factories and power plants
has opened up a field for the pump manufacturer that is
unlimited.
THE EPPING-CARPENTER COMPANY—Conveniently
situated on Forty-first Street, between the
tracks of the Allegheny Valley and Pittsburgh Junction
Railroads, is the big and busy factory of the Epping-
Carpenter Company. Established in 1869, this concern
takes rank among the most important manufacturers of
pumping machinery and condensers in the country. Having
for its principal customers the great steel plants and
blast furnaces, the Epping-Carpenter Company makes
single, duplex, compound, triple expansion and crosscompound
pumping machinery in sizes and of descriptions
suitable for almost any use or purpose.
Epping-Carpenter pumping machinery has a wellestablished
reputation. It is in use all over the LTnited
States, and its excellence is recognized in Canada, Mexico
and South America. 'The better to supply its trade
the company maintains branch offices in New York,
Chicago and other leading cities.
The works of the company give employment to 500
men. 'The business is capitalized at $500,000. Among
the stockholders of the Epping-Carpenter Company are
some of the best known capitalists of Pittsburgh. The
officers of the company are L. Vilsack, President; A. A.
Frauenheim, Arice-President and 'Treasurer, and AA^. N.
Epping, Secretary.
Though it has to its credit nearly forty vears of
honorable history, the company is attracting much attention
by the improvements it has made in the past few
vears. Not only has it greatly enlarged its plant, but it
has added to its output pumping engines of the largest
size and power for water works and similar industries.
THE AA'ILSON-SNYDER MANUFACTURING
COMPANY—Speaking of pumps, no gushing forth of
phrases, no flow of eloquence, no ebullition of words
need be attempted; even competitors admit that for proficiency
in pump construction the AA'ilson-Snyder Manufacturing
Company of Pittsburgh is unsurpassed.
For over thirty vears this well-known company has
been engaged in the construction of pumping machinery.
It has built pumps of great size, pumps for various purposes,
pumps designed to give long and excellent service
though subjected to usage and strain much more severe
than a piece of pumping machinery is ordinarily called
upon to sustain. And the best commendation of the
work that the company has done is expressed in the fact
that of the thousands of pumps the company has constructed
in the past thirty years, over 95 per cent, are
yet in active, constant use. The first pump built by the
company was installed in the Bauerlein brewery at Bennett.
Pennsylvania, nearly thirty years ago; that pump
has been used steadily ever since; it is running smoothly.
in good order, doing all that is required of it to-day. At
the Jmies & Laughlin plant, and in the works of the
Carnegie Steel Company are other Wilson-Snyder pumps
that have successfully withstood the work and wear and
tear of more than a quarter of a century; so satisfactory
did these pumps prove to be that the AVilson-Snyder
Company has since supplied pumps to nearly every large
manufacturer of steel in the country.
The Wilson-Snyder pumps are expensive, or at least
they are apt to be considered so, if only the first cost
is taken into consideration. But in the long run the best
inevitably is the cheapest. Built to order, especially
adapted to the service they are required to perform.
designed by alert and careful experts, constructed of the
very best material in a factory where unquestioned excellence
is demanded in every piece of work, AA'ilson-
Snyder pumps naturally cost more, but the purchaser is
triply compensated by their reliability, their economy of
operation and their durability.
Among the pumping appliances manufactured by the

T H E S T O R Y O F T T S 15 U R fi 2 I
Wilson-Snyder Company are: high-duty pumping engines,
cross-compound pumping engines, vacuum pumps,
air pumps and jet condensers, hydraulic power pumps,
duplex power pumps, direct acting pumps, steam sep­
arators, automatic steam regulating valves and pump
supplies. In short, the company makes the best of everything
that pumping calls for; even to machinery that
pumps thick semiliquids, such as molasses and tar; appliances
to pump dirty and gritty liquids; pumps of any
required design, size or capacity, and every one warranted.
'The Wilson-Snyder Manufacturing Company, capitalized
at $100,000, was incorporated in 1884. So
greatly has the business grown, the original capitalization
is but a drop in the bucket compared with the present
resources of the company. Save in one instance
where death intervened, stock in the company has never
passed from the hands of those who secured it at the
time of the company's incorporation.
'The company occupies a large and substantial brick
structure on the corner of Ross and AVater Streets, Pittsburgh,
and employs in its shops about 120 men.
'The officers of the company are: August Snyder,
President; R. J. Wilson, Secretary, and J. R. McCune,
'Treasurer.
VENTILATING MACHINERY
AN INDUSTRY FOUNDED UPON THE NECESSITY OF GUARDING
THE LIVES OF MEN
Lew schemes of manufacture involve the human element
as strongly as those engaged in the manufacture
of fans or ventilating systems for mines. This industry
is built entirely upon the necessity of guarding the lives
of men who earn their wages by burrowing into the
bowWS of the earth. Pittsburgh's great prominence as
a coal center naturally gives strength to the home companies
engaged in the manufacture of safety devices for
mines. These companies, besides doing a very profitable
business, are more and more perfecting the ventilating
of mines and lessening the number of great mine casualties
in these underground workshops.
THE CLIFFORD-CAPELL FAN COMPANY—
What Plimsoll did for the sailors of England, AA'illiam
Clifford has helped to do for the coal miners of the
United States. Partly at least through Clifford's efforts.
working conditions in many American coal mines are
infinitely better than they formerly were.
'Twenty-five years ago crude methods, attended by
numerous fatalities, obtained limited outputs from the
mines of western Pennsylvania. Little was done to obviate
the risks of mining. Aline ventilation was usually
dependent upon unaided natural forces. Appalling were
the disasters that took place in Fayette County mines,
and at Youngstown in 1884.
After these awful occurrences, AA'illiam Clifford renewed
his efforts to have installed safety devices that
would prevent or mitigate mine explosions. Tor ten
years he persistently pointed out the obvious necessity
for such action. Incidentally at this time was taken into
consideration the subject of fans for mine ventilation.
Experience had proven the absolute need of these methods
of ventilation in order that human lives might be
guarded and saved to the greatest possible degree.
Having ascertained by numerous severe and practical
tests in mines what fans built bv him would do,
Clifford made it a practice in each contract entered into
to guarantee the specific and definite performance of a
certain duty. 'Though, of fans made under the same
patents in England, failures were scored by the dozen,
not one unsuccessful or unsatisfactory installation can
be pointed out in the United States. 'The unvarying
regularity with which Clifford's fans have performed
all and more than was promised for them accounts for
a continually increasing business.
One acknowledged danger to miners in northern
countries had to be obviated in the construction of ventilators.
'The freezing up of the inlets in winter required
that the ventilating current should be so changed in
direction that the air warmed by passing around the underground
workings would thaw out the ice at the surface
openings. By a steel-door arrangement the Cliffordbuilt
fans can change the direction of the air current in
50 seconds. 'Thus even in the coldest weather both
entrances to a mine may be kept free from ice. 'The
reversing of mine-ventilating currents, brought into
utilization only in the United States, has been instrumental
in saving hundreds of lives.
In February, 1905, by fire were destroyed the Clifford
shops at Jeannette. 'The plant was rebuilt of structural
steel and buff brick. The new equipment comprises special
machinery and arrangements which facilitate in
every way the manufacturing operations of the company
and enable it to meet with success the continually growing
demand for its wares.
In January, 1904. the Clifford-Capell Fan Company
was incorporated. Besides building centrifugal fans for
all purposes, the company manufactures high-duty pumping
engines of large size, and centrifugal reciprocating
pumps. Additions now being made to the plant will
enable the company also to make mine motors and mine
locomotives.
In the coal mines of Nova Scotia and northwestern
Canada, and in Chile under the shadows of the Andes,
may be seen in successful operation Clifford-Capell fans
made of Pittsburgh steel. Through the length of the
American continent the fans made in Jeannette are famed
for the excellent service they perform.
'The officers of the Clifford-Capell Fan Company are:
William Clifford. President; AA'alter R. Mackaye, Vice-
President, and John AA'. Keltz, Secretary and Treasurer.

218 T O R A' O s B U G II
VALVES AND ENGINE SPECIALTIES
THE INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES OF THE PITTSBURGH DISTRICT
MAKE IT THE GREATEST MARKET
An industry doing an annual business of from
$5,000,000 to $6,500,000 in the Pittsburgh district is the
valve and engineers' specialties line. And in this Pittsburgh
is credited with a distinctive success, for. whileit
is said that only about 20 per cent, of such specialties
used in this territory are a Pittsburgh product, all of
the heavier work of this kind is almost entirely a Pittsburgh
product. Valves and specialties needed for big
mill and factory work anywhere are generally bought
here. Besides, the industrial activities of the Pittsburgh
district make it the greatest market in this line in the
world. Sales of steam specialties run higher in New
York Citv, but the metropolis is not to be considered
with Pittsburgh in the matter of home consumption.
Pittsburgh's energetic manufacturers in this industry are
zealously pushing the home product and leaving nothingundone
in the way of improving it. with a view of at
least monopolizing their own market.
LIBERTY MANUFACTURING COMPANY-
Prominent among the newer business concerns of Pittsburgh
is one which makes the name of the Imn City 11.it
only well known abroad, but a synonym for hustling
manufacturing enterprise and for the sterling quality of
its infinite variety of products. 'The company referred
to is the already well known Libert}- Manufacturing
Company, whose general office and factor}' are located
at Dallas Avenue and Susquehanna Street in the Homew
1 district.
'This company was organized as recently as 1901, but
its business has already outgrown the limitations of the
Homew 1 plant, a record of success attributed to wisebusiness
policy, fair treatment of all customers, co-operation
of employers and employees, and the high quality
of the manufactured product. This company not only
takes commendable pride in its own production, but rejoices
in the high standing of Pittsburgh's manufacturing
interests and their output in general.
The Liberty Manufacturing Company is managed
and controlled by thoroughly capable men in all departments,
while its employees are skilled workmen, each in
his particular line of work. A\". S. Elliott is president
and treasurer; P. J. Darlington, vice-president and general
manager, and A. K. Riley secretary of the company
which does an extensive business in the manufacture of
steam specialties generally. It employs about 100 men,
and has $150,000 invested in the enterprise.
A partial list of the goods manufactured by this
company and which give it pronounced distinction includes
valves, twin strainers for suction lines and condensers,
oil filters, sepaiators, fittings, tube cleansers,
feed-water regulators and special pneumatic tools. Its
goods are pronounced of the very highest grade and are
well known to power users the world over. For a comparatively
new concern to command a world-wide market
for its product in a few years is an exemplification
of business pluck and energy characteristic of the environment
in which the officials of this company were
trained. It is what they set out to do. and their success
is taken as a matter of course. A member of the
company said;
"'This concern started in business in a very small
way and has grown to its present proportions within a
very few years with an extremely favorable outlook
for the future. In fact its present manufacturing facilities
are taxed to their fullest capacity, and. owing to the
difficultv in securing ground for future extension in its
present location, it is now considering the construction
of a larger factory outside of the citv where there is
plenty of mom for expansion. It is expected within the
next twelve months that its new factory, which will be
several times the capacity of the present mie. will be in
operati. m."
Besides the office and factory in Homewood this
company has branch offices in Boston. New York, Philadelphia,
Chicago and San Francisco.
THE PITTSBURGH VALVE, FOUNDRY &
CONSTRUCTION CO.—A strong concern, firmly
established and possessed of a most excellent reputation,
a corporation that ranks as one of the largest and best
in its line of business, is the Pittsburgh Valve, Foundry
& Construction Co.
In successfully fulfilling the exacting demands of
industries in the Pittsburgh district, the company is making
thousands of outlets for its trade. As a designer
and builder of valves, fittings and appliances for the installation
of steam, gas. water, air and hydraulic piping.
and as a dealer in pipe, pipe fittings and supplies, the
Pittsburgh A'alve. Foundry & ("(instruction Co. does an
enormous business.
Its manufacturing facilities give it a variety of advantages.
But no small portion of the success the company
has achieved is due to its recognition, at the outset,
of the fact that strength, endurance and accessibility constituted
the kernel of the valve problem. 'To obtain for
its valves the desired qualifications, the company subjected
its products to destructive hydrostatic tests. Enlightened
by what was ascertained frmn these exhaustive
experiments, it created a great variety of patterns, all of
which were repeatedly and thoroughly tested. Primarily
these painstaking efforts were not made to secure valves
that would sell easily and readily. 'The object in viewwas
to determine absolutely what was best and most
advantageous in valve construction. At length was
fixed upon a series of models that would endure service
and pressure much more severe than ever could be required
in actual use. Each and every valve manufac-

T S ( ) R Y O F S P. ? G 2 I Q
tured by the company has possibilities far beyond anv
demand that properly mav be made upon it. The factor
of safety is always maintained.
Between valves that are lasting and dependable, and
valves made to sell at bargain counter prices, experienced
users will invariably choose the best. Thev know that
they save money and avoid loss by doing so. A chain
can be no stronger than its weakest link, and one defec­
tive valve mav disastrously impair the efficiency of an
entire system of pipage. This is so evident, and the
superior merit oi valves bearing the trade-mark- of the
P. Ar. F. C. Company is so well demonstrated that the
company is constantly confronted with a steady and
increasing demand for its output.
In practically all the mills and furnaces of the principal
steel plants of the United States, in many street
railway power houses, in numerous office buildings, in
fact almost everywhere throughout the country the company's
valves and specialties are used and appreciated.
Abroad, in Cuba and Mexico
especially, the company
has an extensive trade.
Valve pro m i s e s and
valve performances do not
always agree, but back of
the guarantee of the Pittsburgh
A'alve. Foundry &
('.instruction Co. is m it i inly
the assurance of financial
responsibility, but also the
highest type of business integrity.
And it mav be said
that the work of the company
never has been discredited.
At the time of its or­
OF CHARLE
ganization on November I.
1900, the Pittsburgh A'alve, Foundry & Construction Co.,
now capitalized at $1,150,000, took over the plants and
business of the following well known concerns:
Atwood & McCaffrey, 108 to 118 'Third Avenue:
Shook-Anderson Manufacturing Company, First Avenue
ami Ferry Street; Pittsburgh A'alve & Machine Co., Ltd.,
Smallman Street, near Twenty-second Street; pipefitting
department of Wilson-Snyder Manufacturing
Company, Ross and Water Streets; A. Speer & Sons'
Foundry, Fifth Street and Duquesne Way.
'The consolidation of the five plants secured I'm- the
company not only the best of facilities, but a tine working
organization. Its plants are equipped in the most
approved manner, and its construction work is supervised
by men who have not only the requisite experience and
skill, but who can be trusted implicitly t see that nothing
defective either in material or workmanship enters into
the company's products. In the several enterprises of
the company about (kid men are employed.
'The officers of the company are: Joseph T. Speer,
President; Henry AI. Atwood, Chairman of the Execu­
tive Board; Charles A. Andrews, Vice-President and
'Treasurer; Samuel G. Patterson, Secretary and Auditor;
Charles R. Rhodes, General Manager, and James D.
Robertson, Sales Agent.
Officered and directed by capable, practical men,
whose school of experience has been the severe require­
ments of mill equipment in the Pittsburgh district, the
company, because of its especially competent management,
is assured a length} continuance ol its present
prestige and pn isperity.
MACHINE TOOL AGENTS
INCREASED APPLICATION OF IMPROVED MACHINERY HAS
BROUGHT ABOUT GOOD TRADE CONDITIONS
I en vears' time has brought a growth in the machine-
tool industry the like of which few industries anywhere
can boast of. Pittsburgh
has been the center of the
most encouraging symptoms,
and agents for machine
tools in this territory
are enjoying the best volume
f business thev have
kn< >vv 11. A 11 u m b e r of
things and conditions are
contributing to the new era
in the tool trade, .me big
feature being the greatly increased
application of improved
machinery in coal
mining, naturally bringing
G. S.VI II i I (i im PAN 1
abmit a greater demand for
machine tools. AA'ith the
passing away of the recent
depression the sale of machine tools will much increase.
THE CHARLES G. SMITH COMPANY—This
company deals in high-grade machinery for machine
simps, manufacturing institutions, etc. It occupies a
position in the trade seldom achieved by an establishment
that can lav claim t no great age, vet seven years
have been sufficient to erect mi a bed-rock foundation
the structure of a volume of business at mice immense.
vet exclusive in its kind of patmns.
In founding the business. Air. Chas. G. Smith formulated
well-defined lines of policy which have been
rigidly adhered t>>: namely, t offer nothing except the
very best machines obtainable; second, t sell to only
the best trade; third, to sell only such machines as best
suited the requirements. 'This policy retarded development
at first, until its influence forced recognition bv its
practical results. 'Then with rapid strides it has placed
the firm in such prominence as to now make it mie of

T 11 E S ( ) R Y () S U R G II
the leading houses in its line in the country with a na­
tional influence and acquaintance. 'The firm has been
instrumental in introducing many new methods of manu­
facture to the trade, and by virtue of considerable pioneering
work have improved methods and costs, thereby
materially h e 1 p i n g t h e
growth of manv of our
large manufacturing, institutions
and assisting in
manv affairs of public in­
terest. Its offices are in the
Lark Building.
Charles G. Smith was
born September to. [868, in
Pittsburgh. As a boy he
attended the grammar and
high schools of this city.
In [884 he took a position
as office boy at Mackintosh,
Hemphill ev Co. At the beginning
of 1887 he was en­
gaged by the A. Baird Ala-
.'.• 1 u i-. 01- 1 11AK1.1-.
clnner}' ( ompany as stenographer,
having studied shorthand in the evenings. With
this firm he advanced through every position to the to]),
resigning his position December 51. [899. lie established
the business of the ('has. (',. Smith Company in
1900 without a dollar to invest, intending to sell machine
tools. AA'ith much difficulty he managed to pay seven
dollars per month for desk room during the first year.
He secured an agency for emery wheels, and found that
to make it successful it would be necessary to follow new-
lines from the other salesmen, and appreciating the fact
that there were then very few in the country familiar
with the practical requirements
of emery wheels, he
"put mi overalls" and for
three years studied practical
grinding. The knowledge
thus obtained has given the
company a prestige that
caused the business to in­
crease in multiples. He is
married and belongs to the
several social and business
clubs of the city.
Albert AA'. Smith was
born September 15, 1870. in
Pittsburgh. In 1886 he took
a position with Dithridge
yvinn COMPANY
& Co., manufacturers of
glassware, resigning December
51, 1901, to identify himself with the Charles
G. Smith Company, of which company he is at present
a member. Tie is married, and with Charles G. Smith
is a member of the First English Lutheran Church of
Pittsburgh. He is also a member of a number of fraternal
and social organizations.

C O A L , O I L , A N D G A S T R I U M P H A N T
Goal and Coke First Among Pittsburgh's Tonnage 14,000
Square Miles of Coal Underlie Her District—Gas and Oil
Vital Forces in the Unparalleled Growth of the Steel City
( ).AL and gas form the Gibraltar upon which
Pittsburgh has built its greatness at home
and spread its fame to every part of the
C
world. Pittsburgh is first among the world's
cities in tonnage, and coal and coke are first among the
things which make the city's tonnage the greatest in the
world.
The bituminous coal output of the Pittsburgh district
for the vear 1907, estimated, is 50,000,000 tons, or 25
per cent, of the probable coal production of the United
States. 'The area in the Pittsburgh district underlaid
with coal is 14.000 square miles, or 2,000 square miles
greater than the entire coal-yielding territory of Great
Britain, heretofore and still considered one of the greatest
coal-producing centers in the world.
Coal and its kindred product, coke, both aided by gas,
have not only stripped the Pittsburgh field of the possibility
of competition from the outside, but have given
the steel citv a leverage upon which it has outdistanced
in the race for the world's business all cities claiming
to be industrial centers. Cleveland and Buffalo, both
lake ports of great proportions and having all-water
access to the ore fields of Michigan and Minnesota, have
been unable to overcome Pittsburgh's advantages of coal
and gas. Pittsburgh thereby is able to haul the ore it
uses bv water, right past Cleveland's door, and then by
rail acmss miles upon miles of land, and outstrip its
lake competitors. Chicago, with the same all-water
communication with the ..re fields, and coal in plenty
in three nearby states and in its own state, has not been
able even to disarrange the crown of industrial suprem­
acy securely poised upon Pittsburgh's head.
Pittsburgh's great growth as a coal-producing center
began with a yield of 11.504.000 bushels, valued at the
ridiculously small sum of $565,200, in 1857. Coal was
mined here as early as 1800, but enterprise neglected
to see its value until 1817, while in 1 Si 8 the foundation
of the enormous river shipments of the present dav was
laid when a few industrious Pittsburghers began shipping
coal down the Ohio Liver to Cincinnati, Louisville,
St. Lmiis and New Orleans. One model barge carries
as much now as was shipped in a year at that time, and
it is an ordinary thing in times of a rise in the rivers
to send 2,000,000 bushels of coal South in one dav. In
1870 more bituminous than anthracite coal was produced
in Pennsylvania for the first time. 'The vast AA'estmoreland
regions were opened in 1855. and that year inaugurated
the first rail shipments East, these via the Pennsylvania
Railroad.
In ten years production of coal in the Pittsburgh
district grew frmn 1 8,000,000 tons (in 1897) to 50,000,-
000 tons (in 1907), an average increase in output of
over 5.000,000 tmis a year.
Coke was first introduced to Pittsburgh as a definite
proposition in 1815 by John Beal, an imn founder from
England, who came here and advertised in a local paper
that he could improve upon the habit then in force of
melting iron ore with charcoal. He volunteered to
"convert stone coal int.. 'oak.' ' Beal soon became Beal
& Company, with a rather extensive asset in the form
of a foundry mi the Monongahela Liver bank, and thus
one of the earliest of Pittsburgh's get-rich-quick personalities
made his bow. Beal's idea furnished the groundwork
for that portion of the Frick fortune that was
made in coke, and the 'Thaw and Rainey wealth drawn
frmn producing coking coal in the famous Connellsville
region in Fayette County. J. A'. "Thompson, with coking-
coal possessions in Greene and southeastern Washington

(...unties, expects to duplicate the success of the other
three. Pittsburgh coal is especially adapted to coking
purposes. Pittsburgh vein coal is an especially thick and
famous coal, besides having the overwhelming advantage
of being located convenient to Pittsburgh's great industries.
'The thick-vein seam reduces the cost of handling
in the process of converting into coke.
TUT". BLAINE COAL COMPANY—Probably no
individual coal company in Pittsburgh enjoys a larger
local trade than the Blaine Coal Company, and no Pittsburgh
concern has greater prestige in the AA'est and
Northwest where its product is in exceptional demand
as the best gas coal in the market.
Its properties consist of thousands of acres of the
best coal land in the wealth}' mineral section of the country
along the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad. 'The
company enjoys the distinction of being the largest single
oal operation on this railroad, having both rail and
river tipples, and is
one of the few remaining
large coal operations
in the "second
pool." Its product
is the very highest
grade of Pittsburgh
gas coal, the
products of but fewother
mines b e i n g
equal to it in quality.
and none superior for
steam, gas or domestic
purpi ises. By analysis
it is shown to be
extremely high in the
carbons, and its extreme
hardness makes
its shipping qualities for long distances apparent. The
entire absence of many of the impurities so common to
other coals accounts for its high standing in the markets.
The output of the Blaine Coal Company is very
heavy, and this great capacity is due largely to its excellent
equipment, every part of which is of the most
approved and up-to-date pattern. Its plants are strictly
electric, the power furnished bv its own generators,
engines and boilers. 'The coal is mined by electric cutting
machines, and the best air for the mines is furnished
by huge fans, absolutely no gas being present in the
mines makes it both safe and attractive to miners. The
danger incident to this underground work has thus been
reduced to a minimum, converting the mines into wellventilated
tunnels and promoting the welfare of the
miner in the way of personal protection. 'This equipment
represents an outlay of an immense am.unit of
money, but the greater facility in mining and shipping
() R Y S B C R Cx II
it affords, as well as the trust engendered in its em­
ployees, compensate fully for the expenditure.
'The Blaine Coal Company property is composed of
what was formerly the coal land purchased by Hon.
James G. Blaine more than a quarter of a century ago,
and held by him up until the time of his death. His
estate disposed of this property to H. A\^. Oliver, and he
with his associates formed the Blaine Coal Company,
the development of which has been continuous and re­
markably successful.
A scrutiny of the list of officers and directors of the
corporation is sufficient to guarantee the efficiency of
its management, all of them being men of ripe experience
and established reputation for business ability and
integrity. In its alliance with the Pittsburgh & Westmoreland
Coal Co.. in both interests and management,
the success of each company is identical and assured.
'The officers are: I'resident, IT A. Kuhn; A'ice-Presi-
dent, IT O. Evans; Secretary. T. J. Crump; Treasurer,
John Jenkins. The
general offices of the
company are located
in a finely equipped
suite of rooms in the
Fulton Building.
'THE A. R. BUDD
COAL COMPANY
—Smne vears ago,
when natural gas was
first utilized in the
Pittsburgh district as
a fuel for manufacturing
and domestic
COKE OVENS
p u r p o s e s, m a n v
prophets of evil made
dire predictions foretelling
the early and utter extinction of the local coal
trade.
AA'ith the disappearance of the continually diminishing
supply of natural gas, the increased consumption of
coal should be large. Producer gas, though manufactured
from coal, will aid to supply the needs. It will
make a further inroad upon the supply of coal. 'The
coal industry and its probable future is a very interestingsubject
in all its phases. 'The geologist and engineer who
locates the coal, the initial steps in opening up the mine,
the making arrangements in tipple and mine, the carrier,
the railroad, the markets, production and consumption,
the different uses to which it is placed result to the benefit
of industry, and the comfort given to the world and its
people—all make a deep and valuable subject for considerate
ni.
Ihe A. R. Budd Coal Company, Inc.. is one of the
best known independent coal companies of Pittsburgh,
and has an abiding faith in the coal supply. It was or-

t h e s ( ) R Y () F s V \< c,
ganized in 1901 bv the late P. L. Budd, who came to and his geniality and democratic ways have won the
Pittsburgh frmn Cincinnati about eight vears ago ami esteem and good will ol his business associates and social
was president of the company at the time of his death. acquaintances.
'The present officers are C. AI. Budd. president, and A. J. T. AT Stoneroad is one of the younger men in the
R. Budd, secretary and treasurer, the former having his coal business, whose progressiveness and acumen has
headquarters at Cincinnati, and the latter in the ("ones- had much to do with the success of the company. Grad-
toga Building, Pittsburgh. uating frmn the University of Wooster, he engaged for
a time in newspaper work mi the Pacific Coast, where
THE CARNEGIE COAL COMPANY—The Car- also he was interested in a banking concern. Coming
negie Coal Company was incorporated in April, [900, East he at once saw the business open to an independent
immediately following the formation of the Pittsburgh mining company, with the result stated above.
Coal ('ompany, it being the first independent in the field. Jesse IT Sanford is well known as one ol the most
The company began operations with one mine—now able coal operators in the country, having devoted his
it has three, located
respectively at ( ar­
negie. Oakdale a n d
Primrose mi the I'.
C. C. ev St. L. R. R.
Its capacity has in­
creased from 1,000
to 5,000 tons per
day. A capital stock
of $500,000. with a
s u r plus of $255,y7,y.2H,
and pn ifits
of $70,051.22 attest
the remarkable success
ot the firm—a
success due not only
to the excellence of
its product, which is
considered the best
gas coal in the Pittsburgh
district, but
also to the progressive
vet conservative
management, vv h o
have direct personal
supervision of operation.
'These officers,
who are also
the stock h olders,
are : President, R. P.
MIXES AXIi TIITLES OF 1'IIE CARNEGIE Co.VI. COMPANY
entire life to the industry.
His father,
N. F. Sanford, is a
veteran c. lal 1 iperati ir
and is now head of
the Pittsburgh Vein
Coal C . 1111 p a 11 v.
These twi 1 men have
owned and operated
numerous coal pn >perties
in this section
at vari. >us times. Air.
J. IT Sanford has
been especially successful,
his resourcefulness
and business
alertness fitting him
tor the position of
manager w h i c h he
holds so successfully
in the ci irp( .rati. in.
THE GREAT
LA KES COAL
COMPANY — Because
of the importance
and extent of
its holdings and operations,
the Great
Lakes Coal Cum­
Burgan; Vice-President, George AI. Hosack; Secretary pany must be included among the largest and most sucand
'Treasurer, J. T. AI. Stoneroad; General Manager, cessful mining corporations of Pittsburgh.
J. IT Sanford. 'The incorporators of the company were about the
R. P. Burgan was born in Cornwall, England, and first capitalists to appreciate what could be accomplished
learned the trade f millwright. Coming to America through the development of a hitherto almost untouched
in 18(14 to the Lake Superior country, he invested in
copper mines, which investment has lately proved financially
successful. He has at different times been engaged
in the contracting and building business, in lumber
and planing interests, and was for years the head of a
coal field.
Incorporated mi March 51. 1002, under the laws of
Pennsylvania, with a capital of $5,000,000. the company
was in a position to proceed advantageously from the
very beginning. ( >ver 25.000 acres of the most valuable-
private banking house at Carnegie, known familiarly cord land in Armstrong and Butler Counties were ac-
throughout the Chartiers Valley as "Burgan's Bank." quired, and mining operations commenced on an extenlhs
remarkable business sagacity has led to his success, she scale. In the Sugar Creek Valley, near Lavlor, in

24 S T ( ) R Y 0 F S U R G H
Armstrong Countv. the company is operating the Kaylor,
the Barnhart and the Snow Hill mines; besides these it
has its Pine Run properties numbers 1. 2 and 3. At pres­
ent the daily production amounts to about 5.500 tmis,
but work now in hand will increase the output eventually
to upwards of 5,000 tons a day.
ddie two veins worked are the "lower Freeport" and
the "lower Kittanning;" Of its kind the coal is of excellent
quality. Indeed, as the result of comparative
locomotive tests made in November, 1904, under the
supervision of AA". G. Wallace, Superintendent of Mo­
tive Power of the Duluth. Missabe & Northwestern Railway
Co., the Great Lakes Coal Company's "Kaylor
coal" was declared to be superior to either "Panhandle"
or "Youghiogheny" coal.
'The work at the mines is carried on under very
favorable circumstances. About 1.500 men are employed.
At the mines up-to-date machinery and the most
approved appliances for excavating and handling coal
economically are installed. 'To facilitate the marketing
of the coal mined by the company was built the Allegheny
Aralley Railroad. 'The first division of this line,
twenty miles in length, from Kaylor to Queen Junction,
was constructed in 1903. Later the railroad was
extended so far as Newcastle to tap the rich limestone
deposits of the "Hilltop district." Including the main
line, spurs and sidings, the Allegheny Valley Railroad
has about 120 miles of track.
At Queen Junction most of the coal traffic of the
Allegheny Valley Line is transferred to the Bessemer
and Lake Erie Railroad. In the summer season especially
the bulk of the Great Lakes Coal Company's output
is shipped to Conneaut Harbor. From thence it is
distributed throughout the region of the Great Lakes.
'The Michigan copper district, notably, is a large purchaser.
'The officers of the company are Emmet Queen, President;
'Thomas Liggett, Vice-President and General Manager;
A. H. Lames, Secretary and 'Treasurer, and I. E.
Collin, Auditor. On the directorate are: 'Thomas Morrison,
A. R. Peacck, James S. Mitchell, Emmet Queen,
'Thmnas Liggett and E. H. Lames.
Strongly financed, well managed, possessing as it
does the cream of the coal properties in Armstrong and
Butler Counties, the company has before it an unusually
prosperous future.
HOSTETTER-CONNELLSVILLE COKE COM­
PANY—No one industry in the Pittsburgh district is
more typical of the foresightedness of Pittsburghers than
the developing of coking coal, and no company more
quickly saw the possibilities in this field nor has done
more toward bringing it up to the highest point of perfection
than the Hostetter-Connellsville Coke Company.
This company's name is synonymous with coke activities
in the famous Connellsville region in Westmore­
land Cmmty, Pennsylvania. The Hostetter-Connellsville
product is famous and is being used the world over,
while the manner in which the company houses its em­
ployees and its mine and oven operation generally put
it in the front rank of utilitarian industries.
'The Hostetter-Connellsville Company was incorpo­
rated in July, 1887, and is a manufacturer of 42-hour
furnace, and 72-hour foundry coke. 'The quality is
recognized as the highest in the United States. Over
1,000 men are employed at the company's mines and
ovens, which are situated at or near the towns of Whitney
and Hostetter mi the Unity branch of the South AVest
Pennsylvania Railroad, Westmoreland County. Citv
offices are maintained in Pittsburgh, while operating
offices are located at Greensburg.
Affairs of this company were very much in the public
eve early in November, 1907, when one-half of the
stock of the company was disposed of to the H. C. Frick
Coal & Coke Co. 'The latter company thereby engineered
a clever deal, for the Hostetter-Connellsville Company
bad been mie of the older and larger company's principal
rivals in the coke field for years. The stock secured
was that belonging to George I. Whitney, one of the
most astute authorities on coke in the country, and a man
to whom that industry owed much of its great develop­
ment. 'The purchase price in the transaction by which
the Frick Company secured control of its principal competitor
was 11.it given out at the time it was closed. However,
it is said Air. Whitney was once offered $2,000,000
for bis holdings and turned the offer down.
'The transfer of this property was the biggest single
coke transaction made in years. The deal is said to have
been made mi the basis of 20 per cent, in cash, and the
remainder in notes. Frick officials immediately assumed
charge of the company's operations.
The Hostetter-Connellsville mines are located in what
is known as the "old Connellsville basin," as distinguished
frmn the newer districts of the same region
which have been more recently developed. Coke produced
trmn the coal mined in the "old basin" has a hard
and cellular structure, giving it a greater burden-bearing
strength in the furnace. 'The increased yield of iron
fmni its use. and its higher quality on account of freedom
frmn sulphur and other impurities have given this product
a distinctive value. 'The superiority in this respect is
so fully recognized by the trade, and the demand from
users who have demonstrated the most economical practice
has increased to such a degree that Connellsville
"old basin coking coal commands a high premium over
all other similar products in the world.
'The proof of the great demand for Connellsville
"old basin" coking coal is furnished bv the enhancement
of the market value acreage held there. Prices of
this property have undergone a tremendous change in the
past fifteen or twenty years. In 1890, for instance, coal
lands in the (.1.1 Connellsville district sold for $500 an

T H E S T O R A' 0 F s U R 22.1
acre. At the present time a tract of 500 acres or more
culd be readily marketed at $5,000 an acre.
What makes this enhancement in values more remarkable
is the fact that it has been accomplished in the face
of extraordinary developings in other coking coal fields,
notably in AA'est Virginia. The Hostetter-Connellsville
Company has more than held its own in competition
with good coke from newer fields, located in some instances
at points nearer consumption. Distant consumers
cheerfully pay larger freight rates because of the more
economical and satisfactory results from using the
Hostetter-Connellsville product.
Order books of the company easily prove the great
volume of business it has done and the distant locations
to which it ships. 'The output of the ovens—those blazing
beacons set close together, and which tell the stranger
he is Hearing Pittsburgh—is about 1,700 tons a day.
product is shipped
to all parts of the
The
United States,
Canada and Mexico.
Prog ress in
Pittsburgh industries
has been a
romance throughout,
and nowhere
more so than in
the coke industry.
T h e Hostetter-
C o n 11 e I 1 s ville
Company derives
its name from the
first owner of the
p r o pert y. Dr.
David Hostetter.
Even in the early
days when he applied
his business
C. 1K
sagacity he recognized that there was a great future
for the coke industry. His rare business foresight led
him to accumulate large contiguous holdings. 'These
he afterward disposed of. but it is a matter of history
that he did not let this valuable land leave bis hands
without realizing- that he was making a sacrifice. Tt may
be that he deeply regretted it afterward; at least it is
known that he believed at the time he was acting contrary
to the dictates of his own business instincts.
Dr. Hostetter sold his holdings in 1886 to George I.
Whitney, president of the company and principal stockholder
at the time the property was bought in bv the II.
C. Frick Coal & Coke Co. In making the deal with Air.
Whitney, Dr. Hostetter regretfully remarked:
"If I were twenty years younger nothing could induce
me to part with this property, for the dav will come
when Connellsville coke lands will prove more profitable
to the owner and more valuable in sustaining the indus­
tries of westeren Pennsylvania than a gold mine."
Yet Air. Whitney himself disposes of the property
two decades later. However, it can be assumed that he
did so at a price amply displaying his own judgment
of what the property was worth.
For, like Dr. Hostetter, Air. Whitney had a high
..pinion of Connellsville coking coal lands, and with his
associates immediately proceeded to develop the property.
'This development for a time was attended by some discouragements,
inasmuch as it was accompanied by the
financial and industrial depression of [893-97, a period
which tested the courage and resources of the strongest
and most optimistic.
'The Hostetter-Connellsville ('oke Company is
scarcely less famous for its product than it is for its
treatment of employees. In tins respect the company
has a national reputation.
'The town
of Whitney, established
by the
company in connection
with its
industry, i s b y
V,'' '*>. •i!'L'"r
common consent
acknowledged to
be the model mining
town of the
United States.
()perat< >rs fro m
other States, and
even foreign manufacturers
w h o
h a v e visited the
town, marvel over
its appearance of
comfort and neatness.
Invariably
thev declare the
town is in striking contrast to the usual environment and
general appearing of a mining or coking town. The
economic advantage of modern conveniences, however.
is manifested in the character of the workmen attracted
to Whitney. Like its product, the management and
practice, with the resultant efficiency, constitute the highest
standard in the trade.
SCENE, CONNELLSVILLE DISTRICT
'Ihe officers of the company at the time of the last
transfer of the property were: President, George I.
Whitney; 'Treasurer. A. C. Knox; Vice-President, II. II.
Robinson; General Manager, James Marshall.
Consolidated with the Frick Company, the Hostetter
Company strengthens that larger company in no small
degree. 'The combined companies will exercise a domination
of the coke field that is hardly to be questioned.
Air. Frick is among the first men who saw the value of
Connellsville coke, and has since been one of the most

2 20 S T 0 R Y 0 F T S L" R G I
persistent operators there. I lis latest acquisition gives
him an impregnable position in coke circles, a position
he had made almost impregnable heretofore.
Important as these two companies, separated, have
been in the past, now that thev are united a still greater
future awaits them. 'The LTnited States Steel Corporation,
a continual user of coke in enormous quantities, will
be the consolidated company's star customer. The busi­
ness done with that company alone is sustaining. The
consolidation means a continuation of the wise policy
adopted by both companies, that of developing their
property to the highest point of efficiency and getting all
ut of the product that it is possible to get. Extensions
will surc-lv come, as both companies had not ceased to
acquire new coking coal lands whenever possible. All
in all the outlook for the
future of the merged companies
seems particularly
bright.
ENOCH A. HUM­
PHRIES—Enoch A. Humphries,
of Scottdale, Pennsylvania,
was born at Bilston,
Staffordshire. England,
April 21, 1852. I le is the
son of R. R. Humphries
and Ann Humphries. His
mother, who is still living,
is a d e s c e 11 d a 111 of Sir
'Thomas Gray, who gave to
London the best hospital
that city ever had as evinced
by the reports of that institution,
the Sir 'Thomas
Gray's Hospital.
In [868 the family emigrated
to America, arriving
in Pittsburgh in September
of that vear. 'The subject of
this sketch then started in the mining business. With
a shmt recess at music-teaching until 1874 he has been
in that business ever since, lie removed to Scottdale at
that time, and had charge as superintendent of smne of
the largest of the H. C. Frick Coke Company's mines,
at the same time being an independent operator in the
early development of the Connellsville oke industry.
He has been actively engaged in the coke business for
manv vears, both in Connellsville and West Virginia,
and at the present time is opening up a new oke plant
near Bradensville. La. He is president of the Chiefton
Coal Co. of AA'est Virginia, owner of the E. A. Humphries
Coke Company of Vana Alills, Pa., and president
of the E. A. Humphries Coal & Coke Co. near Bradenville,
Pa.
lie is a member of the various Masonic bodies
lodge, chapter and commander}-. For twenty-five years
lie has been actively connected with the Methodist Epis­
copal Sunday School of Scottdale, and organist of the
church.
'TUT". HUSTEAD-SEMANS COAL & COKE CO.
'The Hustead-Semans Coal & Coke Co. was organized
fuly 23, 1905. Although comparatively a young concern,
vet in the brief period of its existence it has built
up a splendid reputation and trade. It has the benefit of
an extensive business in all parts of the United States,
and a large export trade in Canada and Alexio. This
company is a huge coke-manufacturing concern, owning
over nine hundred acres of coal land, almost three hundred
of which is improved. It has a capital of $500,000,
and its employees number
two hundred. 'The mines
and works are in East Afills-
boro, Fayette County, Pa..
its shipping facilities are of
the best, having both rail­
road (via the Monongahela
Railmad, the P. R. R. and
the P. ev L. E. R. R. ) and
river connections.
Its product is a highgrade
foundry and furnace
coke, well and favorably
known by consumers and
producers. The members of
the company, having been
identified with the imn. coal
and coke business for over
thirty vears, became satislied
as to the future of the
coke industry and concluded
to invest a large capital in
the business, which resulted
in the formation of the
Hustead-Semans Coal &
( oke Co. Its main office is at Uniontown, Pa., and the
officers are as follows: J. A I. Hustead. president; A.
AI. Hustead, vice-president; J. E. Hustead, secretary;
I. \\. Semans. treasurer.
( aptain J. AT Hustead, the president of the company,
spent a number of years of his early life with the
veteran iron master F. II. Oliphant. in whose employ
he was at the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion.
He gave up his position and joined the Union army, in
which be served until he was mustered out in 1865 after
an honorable and meritorious service. He then engaged
111 the wool and cattle business, which he followed until
1873, when he became identified with the Dunbar Iron
( ompany as manager of their store. He continued in
the mercantile business in Dunbar until 1002. the last
ten years of that time under the name of Hustead &

T H E S T O R Y O F I" R G I
Semans. He was also the head of the general department
store of Hustead, Semans & Co., in Uniontown,
Pa., from 1886 to 1902. In the meantime he made a
number of judicious investments in coal lands that netted
him handsome results, which, together with his present
holdings, classes him as one of the wealthy citizens of his
town.
I. AA'. Semans, the treasurer of the company and
equal owner with Mr. LIustead, has been associated with
the latter for the past thirty-two years in various successful
enterprises. Of late years, however, he has identified
himself more particularly with the purchase and
sale of coal lands in this and adjoining counties.
A. M. Hustead, the vice-president and general manager,
and J. E. Hustead, the secretary of the company,
are both sons of Capt. J. AT Hustead, and are identified
with the operation of the plant. 'Thev are both young
men of undoubted ability and will be heard from in the
industrial world at no very distant date.
THE IRON CITY COAL & COKE CO.—was
established in 1902; it is producer and shipper of coal
and coke, with mines as follows: Youghiogheny, Panhandle.
Pittsburgh No. 8, Ohio, Bessemer and Lake
Erie, Cambridge, Hocking, AVest Am-ginia, Pocahontas,
Cambria smokeless smithing, Connellsville furnace, foundry
and crushed coke.
'Their general offices are in the AA'abash Building,
Pittsburgh. The members of the company are G. C.
Bradshaw, president; G. W. Wilson, vice-president: AT
S. Moore, treasurer; F. A. Winaris and S. A. Carson,
sales agents of the coke department.
The company owns and operates a oke plant in the
Connellsville coke region, and ships furnace, foundry
and crushed coke. Also handles exclusively the coal outputs
of the Pittsburgh & Southwestern Coal Co., the
Penobscot Coal Company, Hallston Coal & Coke Co.,
besides having outputs in Ohio and AA'est Virginia.
JAMISON COAL ev COKE CO.—Few industrial
enterprises have witnessed in comparatively recent years
such remarkable development as the coal and coke business
of the Connellsville Coke Region. Greensburg, Pa..
is the gateway to this region, the territory of which is
underlaid with the famous vein of Connellsville cokingcoal.
"This field of coal extends from a point near Latrobe,
AVestmoreland County, in a southwesterly direction
across AA'estmoreland and Fayette Counties, a distance
of about forty miles, to a point near the AA'est Virginia
line. It contains about 88,000 acres, of which 59,000
acres are vet unmined. It is about half a mile wide at
the narrowest point, and three miles in width at the
widest. This does not include the lower Connellsville
region, in which development was started in 1899. The
boundaries of this field are somewhat indefinite, but mav
Tie said to be the Monongahela River mi the AA'est and
South; the National Road mi the North, and the Eastern
outcrop. While the growth of the Connellsville coke
region has been plain in comparatively recent years, the
history of the first attempts at coke-making in the district
and their results is somewhat obscure, but a study
of the meager sources of information at hand show that
the history of the development of this region is also a
history of the oke industry in the United States. It is
said in French's History of the Manufacture of Imn in
the United States that oke was made in this country
prior to the Revolution for the manufacture of pig iron,
but there is nothing to bear out this statement.
Greensburg is the home of the principal officers of
such well known concerns as the Jamison Coal & Coke
Co. and others. 'The great growth of the business is
aptly illustrated bv this company in the fact that its
estimated annual output of coke is now over 100,OOO
tons more than the total output of AA'estmoreland County
according to the census of 1880, and nearly two-thirds
as much as the total in Fayette County for the same
year. The company's oal production is 2,500,000 tons
annually.
'The Jamison Company was established in 1892 for
the mining of bituminous oal and the manufacture of
coke. Its capital stock is $5,750,000, and it employs 2.500
men at its mines and ovens at Luxor, Hannestown,
Forbes Road and Winthrop, AA'estmoreland County. Its
main office is in the Frick Building Annex, Pittsburgh,
while the office of the operating department is in the
Barclay Building, Greensburg.
Both oal and oke as produced by the company
have a high reputation in the market. 'The coal is especially
valuable as a steam coal for railroad locomotives,
while the "Jamison" coke is a strikingly high-grade fuel
for smelting ore and for all metallurgical purposes.
'The officers of the company are: John AI. Jamison,
president; W. AA'. Jamison, vice-president; 'Thomas S.
Jamison, general superintendent; Chas. AT Jamison, secretary;
AI. AA'. Head, treasurer, and AA'. A. Johnston,
general sales agent.
KEYSTONE COAL ex COKE CO.—In the industrial
history of AA'estmoreland County no concern holds
a pmuder or more prominent place than the Keystone
Coal & Coke Co. The minor concerns which go in to
make up this big concern were pioneers in the development
of the great Greensburg basin, and very active in
the development of the Irwin and Yough River fields.
AA'ith the steady and healthy increase in the development
and production of this region came the necessity for
consolidation of smaller companies in order that the expense
of operation could be minimized and better transportation
facilities afforded.
So, in March, 1902, the Keystone Coal & Coke Co.
was incorporated. Eight companies were included in

'28 I O R Y O F T S B U R G II
the merger. In the Greensburg basin these were the
Greensburg Coal Company, the Carbon Coal Company,
the Salem Coal Company and the Hempfield Coal Com­
pany. In the Irwin field the merger included the Claridge
Gas Coal Company, the An ma Gas Coal Company, the
Madison Gas Coal Company, and the Sewickley Gas Coal
Company.
Ibis is one of the largest consolidations of mining
interests that ever took place in Pennsylvania. The
merged companies represented 9,000 acres of Pittsburgh
vein of coal, and 5,000 acres of still undeveloped Freeport
coal.
While the Keystone Company does not make a specialty
of coke-making, it has
two big oke plants in operation.
'These are at Salem
and Carbon. 'The Carbon
plant is equipped with a
crusher, and its product is
used both for domestic purposes
and for the smaller
manufacturers. 'The Salem
plant, with a big battery of
ovens, sells its coke in the
general market.
Since the organization
of the Kevstone Company.
tour new mines have been
opened, the Keystone Shaft,
the Hunker Aline and the
Hempfield Nos. 2 and 5
mines. 'The company now
has fifteen mines in steady
operation and employs 5,000
men.
In the oal business, production
sounds the keynote
of prosperity. 'The report of
Chief Roderick, of the 1 >epartment
of Alines, just completed,
shows that the output
of the Keystone Coal &
Coke Co. (luring the year
1906 was 5,751.590 tmis. It is estimated that the production
in 1007 will have been in excess of 4,000,000
tmis. 'This is a big increase over the previous year, and
is the high-water mark of production in the Greensburg
regions. 'This mammoth production is the result of a
year of unprecedented prosperity, .luring which all miners
were busy, and when a scarcity of labor was felt in a
number of instances. Labor scarcity is a red-fire sign
of prosperity in these busy industrial times.
The most modern mining methods have been intro­
duced by the Kevstmie ("oal & Coke Co. At Keystone
and Salem mining machines are used in considerablenumber.
In the transportation of coal underground the
HON. GEORGE F. IH'FI
ompanv has kept pace with the most modern develop­
ments. Electric and compressed air motors are used
in several of the mines, while in others the rope-haulage
system is used. The mule, the pioneer haulage system in
coal mining, has about outlived his usefulness, except
where a short haul is necessary to reach the trunk lines
. .f motor trains.
The company also uses all three methods of taking
mit their oal—shaft, slope and drift.
More than thirty years ago the first coal development
in the Greensburg basin was started by Hon. Geo. F. Huff
and Genera] Richard Coulter, operating under the firm
name of Coulter & Huff. The old drift opening, just
south of Greensburg, is the
o r i g i n a 1 Coulter & Huff
m i n e. Messrs. Huff &
Coulter have been continu­
ally in the coal business since
that time and have figured in
ever}- important deal in the
development of the region.
When the big Keystone Coal
& Coke Co. was formed they
were large factors in the
merger.
The directors of the Kevstmie
Coal & Coke Co. are
as follows: Hon. George
F. Huff, Robert K. Cassatt,
Col. L. B. Huff, E. AT
Gross, Richard C 0 u 11 e r,
Alexander Coulter and Robert
Pitcairn, Jr. Hon. George
F. Huff is president of the
company; Richard Coulter,
Jr., secretary, and Col. L. B.
Huff, treasurer and general
manager.
During the past five years
the Kevstone Coal & Coke
Co. has enjoyed unprecedented
prosperit v. No
strikes nor labor troubles
have at any time interfered with the steady operation of
its mines. Its 5.000 employees are peaceful, happy and
prosper, ms. 'The men are good for the mines, and the
mines are good for the men.
The Greensburg and Irwin coal averages from six to
eight feet in thickness, with slate at both the top and
bottom. In smne places it reaches the extreme thickness
..I it feet. 'This makes it possible to "bear in" at the
bottmn and shoot the coal down. Under these conditions
it is possible for the miners to get out a greater
tonnage than at any other point in the bituminous district.
'The mines in the Greensburg basin are free from

gases of all kinds, and no explosions of anv kind have-
ever occurred in anv of the mines of the Keystone Com­
pany. 'This feature alone makes the region especially
desirable for miners.
Following its policy of being most careful in the
selection of men to work the mines, the Kevstone C >al
& Coke Co. has made some innovations in the care of its
employees. Its houses are good, comfortable dwellings,
and the superintendents insist that the houses be kept in
good condition, ddiis is responsible for manv of the
mining villages being models of neatness and thrift.
Ihe practice of the company in caring for all employees
who are injured, or who are unfortunate mi ac­
count of sickness, is well known to the population of the
entire vicinity, and mi this account there is seldom difficult}'
experienced in securing a sufficient number of men
to fully operate the mines.
'The company owns a large number of individual cars
as well as much railroad trackage throughout the entire
region.
LEWIS-FINDLEY COAL COMPANY—Coal was
the first mineral utilized in Pittsburgh's earliest industrial
endeavor and will abide for generations vet to come,
notwithstanding the prophets of evil. 'The triumphant
song of Pittsburgh's trade supremacy ould not well be
heard without Old King Coal's voice in the grand chorus.
For such a grimy subject even poets and orators havesounded
the praises of coal as a predominant influence in
local achievement. One of these said recently;
"A^iewed from Coal Hill, where Washington stood
over 150 years ago, a great citv lies at your feet. In it
there originates more tonnage annuallv than in any other
citv on the globe. It is a veritable hive of industry, the
workshop of the continent, the tool chest of the nation.
the dynamo of much of the power that moves the material
forces of the world. Yonder are the great business
blocks scraping the clouds, and the temple of justice, a
fitting monument alike to the great mind that conceived
it and to the cause for which it was constructed. And
yonder is the magnificent library, the gift of a man who
as a boy walked the streets of Pittsburgh barefooted.
In the distance are the factories with their 'smokestacks
piercing the clouds and blackening the very heavens with
their breath.' And away yonder in the valley I can see
the furnaces that look with an eve of fire toward heaven
bv dav and point with a pencil of light to the zenith by
night; and the shops where the rattle of machinery and
the thud of the triphammer chant their anthem of labor
dav in and dav out."
A striking instance of success in the coal trade is that
exemplified bv the Lew is-Findlev Coal Company, composed
of AA". A. Lewis, president; L. AA". Dalzell. secretary;
IT AA'. Lewis, treasurer, and G. B. Findley, vicepresident
and general manager. While the company is of
recent organization, having been formed in March. 1904,
o R A" () S I k (; n 229
it has been aggressive and progressive, but prudently
conservative in claiming a share of Pittsburgh's great
oal industry. It operates its own mines independently,
employing for this purpose some 350 men, and capital to
the amount of $500,000.
'This company has been producing 400,000 tmis ol
coal annually from its mines mi the P. C. C. & St. L.
railway, but by the opening of No. 2 mine recently, the
product was increased 1.500 tmis daily. It is widely
recognized as a line fuel coal.
'The offices of the company are at Nos. 1505 to 1508
in the new Machesney Building mi Fourth Avenue.
MONONGAHELA RIVER CONSOLIDATED
COAL & COKE CO.—'The Monongahela River Consolidated
Coal & ("oke Co., the queen of inland waterways
shipment frmn Brownsville to the Gulf of Mexico,
has been a factor in building up the city's great growth
and in spreading its fame that is second only to the iron
and steel business. Even its great capital of $50,000.-
000 does not adequately give an idea of what this immense
river oal combine amounted to in the past, is doing
at present, or plans for the future. It is more than
a coal ompany. as it builds its own steamboats and
barges, maintains a sawmill to convert its own lumber.
operates docks and landings, loads ocean-going vessels
from its own river craft, and is a common carrier mi the
rivers of freight other than that originated bv itself.
Add to this the fact that the company has had past
and present the services of men whose names on a coal
company roster are equivalent to the sign sterling on
silver, and the whole would seem a group of achievements
satisfying to any industrial enterprise. Not so
with Ah UK m c..al. Each year the company is invading
more and more fields reached only bv rail shipments of
ci >al.
Originally a combination of coal companies doing
a purely river shipping business, the Monongahela River
Consolidated Coal & ("oke Co. now operates about half
a hundred mines, one-half of which are equipped with
tipples to load coal int.. both river barges and railroad
cars. It is no unusual sight to see trains and barges being
loaded at mie of the company's mines along the
Monongahela River at the same time. The fame of
Pittsburgh vein bituminous coal combined with the enterprise
of the river coal combine has captured for Pittsburgh
the river markets smith of this citv to the gulf.
'Through its rail shipments, much of it in the company's
own private cars, oal is sent to the Great Lakes and
thence into Canada, the AA^est and Northwest.
All of which is a development of less than nine vears,
the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co.
being organized June 9, 1899. The capital stock was
$50,000,000. one-third preferred and two-third common
stock, and $10,000,000 in bonds, reduced each year thereafter,
were created.

2 3° S ( ) R Y O s U R G H
To Col. J. B. Finley, a banker at Monongahela City,
and a man familiar with river conditions, is credited the
suggestion of combining a number of the smaller river
coal companies then operating into one company. How­
ever, it was a time of consolidation, a thing, too, which
seemed especially urgent among river interests, to facilitate
shipments, handling as a unified force the great
amount of equipment necessary in these shipments, and
because the coal operators divided were dealing with an
organization of their employees at a disadvantage.
The first president was Col. Finley, succeeded by
Francis L. Bobbins, who in turn was succeeded recently,
Jan. [6, 1908, by George W. Theiss. 'The older officers
and directors at the outset were: Secretary, George AA'.
Theiss; 'Treasurer, George
I. Whitney. Directors:
Messrs. F i 11 1 e y, 'Theiss,
Whitney, IT C. Low lies. S.
S. Br.iwn, I high ATiren,
August J 11 t t e, J. .bn A.
\\o,„l and R. IT Boggs.
Messrs. Finley and Theiss
are the only original members
now mi the board of
the company, additions latterly
made to the directorate
including A. AA". Mellon,
John A. Bell, David 1',.
Oliver, I). Leet Wilson and
J. I). Lv. .11. and Alexander
I lempster and Frank Semple,
named in 1008, to succeed
Francis L. Robbins
and George I. Whitney.
Francis L. Robbins, recently
relieved of the presidency,
is one of the most
widely known coal operati>rs
in the c>untry. I le
was veritably born among
coal, his father being a pioneer
in this vein district
who early secured valuable oal holdings in Washington
County, centering chiefly at Midway, near McDonald, mi
the Panhandle Railroad. Air. Robbins went to the tipple
and learned the oal business before he took up a course
at Cornell University. Eventually taking charge of his
father's large possessions he soon became mie of the
most influential factors in Pittsburgh oal circles. Air.
Robbins early recognized the value to the operators of
cordial relations with unions of employees. He was instrumental
in establishing the Interstate agreement
through which operators in the competitive districts of
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois met with representatives
of the miners every other year and decided
upon wage scales. As president of the Monongahela
FRANCIS I.. ROBBIN
River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co. he bent his energies
toward extending its field, in which undertaking annual
reports show him to have been very successful.
Calm and always in complete control of himself,
George AA". 'Theiss, who goes frmn vice-president to presi­
dent of the river oal company, is the ideal type of the
systematic and successful business man. His connection
with the river coal business extends over a period
..I" vears. he having entered it in 1885 after a varied and
valuable experience in mercantile enterprises. Associat­
ing himself with the well known river oal firm conducted
bv Charles lutte and his smis, Mr. Theiss soon became
financial man and manager for the business, ddie Juttes,
at the time the Monongahela Company was formed, handled
a fifth of the river coal
shipping to Obi., and Mississippi
River points, and
when the more important
companies were consolidated,
Air. 'Theiss became the
trusted adviser of President
Finley. He became secretary
and general manager
and was elevated to the directorate
of the company in
1 .;oo. In 1905 he was madevice-president.
Mr. 'Theiss
has always been a power in
the river oal company, and
has a grasp of its enormous
and intricate detail pos­
sessed by no other man.
'The letters "R. C,"
painted mi all steamboats,
barges and other craft or
equipment of the Monongahela
River Consolidated
Coal & Coke Co., are familiar
in every navigable
s t r e a 111 connecting with
Pittsburgh. The company
operates over eighty steamboats
and 3,500 barges in the river trade. 'The steamboats
are of ever}- size, including the massive Sprague,
the greatest of steamers plying the Ohio. A favoriteview
of this boat shows her taking a tow of 56 oalboats
(large barges), containing [,400,000 bushels of coal.
down the Mississippi River. 'The company has fourteen
docks distributed in various places to handle its enormous
shipments, while at all points of anchorage pumping,
caulking and other equipment necessary to keep the craft
in first-class order is maintained.
Extensive marine ways arc owned at Elizabeth, Pa.,
for building and repairing boats; marine shops at Browns,
a river point within Pittsburgh, and a thoroughly-fitted-
out sawmill at Monongahela Citv, Pa. Harbors, sales

T II E S T () R A' O F P I T T S B U R G H 231
depots, etc.. are held at Cincinnati, Cairo, Helena. Louis- themselves oi an opportunity to dispose ol the s
ville, Luddington. Memphis, Greenville, Vicksburg, the Corona Company at an increase over its cost.
Batmi Rouge. Natchez. Donnellsville, New Orleans and Monon coal success is due in no little manner to
St. Louis, and depots in the principal cities are equipped the efficiency oi its operating department and the enterwith
elevators. prise of the sales department. From W. W. Keefer,
An illustration of the company's enterprise is the general manager of mines, down to the superintendent
installation of a plant perfectly equipped mechanically of the smallest mine, the best men in their respective
for transferring coal frmn river barges to the bunkers lines are in the employ of the company. Air. Keefer is
oi ocean greyhounds at New Orleans. one ..1 the best known coal men in the Pittsburgh dis-
The famous Pittsburgh coal, taken from mines near trict. B. S. I latnmill. general sales agent, has had wide
the Monongahela River and valued for its gas and steam- experience in the shipping of coal by rail. Big sales
making properties, is the company's product. This is a agencies at Cleveland and Buffalo are conducted by men
bituminous coal and desirable through the high percent- entirely familiar with their duties.
age of carbon and low percentage of ash, sulphur, phos- With the determination to invade the rail shipment
phorus and other undesirable elements. It is used by held much original work tell to the lot ol the sales degas-generating
plants in all large cities. partment. New fields had to be conquered. To this
An idea of the Monon Company's oal posses- unilcrtakingacoriis.it hustling men bended every energy,
si.his mav be gained by the statement that it owns until the praises of "Monon coal" and "river oal" are
most of the oal land mi either side of the Monongahela being sung in innumerable markets the founders of the
River above Pittsburgh. Though an enormous amount concern never dreamed oi invading.
..I this coal has been mined, the company now owns Ihe Monongahela River Consolidated Coal & Coke
as much unmined oal as when it first began business, Co. is a common carrier of various kinds of freight to
this fact due to a wise business policy that causes the points mi the lower rivers. Steel products and manucompany
to buy a new acre of oal every time an acre factured articles are conveyed by the company and banit
already owns is worked out. .lied through its compactly organized and perfect-work-
Probably the richest vein of oal in this district, and ing freight department.
what is expected to be the oal of the future, is con- Ihe company's financial statement for [906 showed
trolled by this company and remains practically tin- a marked improvement over the previous year. The
touched. 'This is the Freeport vein found at a depth of inn.led debt was reported decrease.1 by S.^st ,2

James B. Oliver and George T. Oliver. In April, 1897,
the name of the corporation was changed to the Oliver
& Snyder Steel Co.
'The Bessemer steel plant and the Edith furnace were
by the Oliver & Snyder Steel Co. sold to the American
Steel & Wire Co. in [899. In the same year the company
also disposed of to the National Steel Company the
Rowena furnace at New Castle. Pennsylvania. The
properties named are now included in the holdings of
the United States Steel Corporation.
Tor two years longer the company retained its interests
in the ore properties of the Oliver Iron Alining
Company in the Lake Superior region. As well it held
a valuable block of stock in the Pittsburgh Steamship
Company, which controlled the Great Lake fleet of ore
carriers. But in 1901 these substantial investments were
likewise acquired by the United States Steel Corporation.
'Thereafter restricting its efforts to mining coal and
manufacturing coke, the Oliver ev Snyder Steel Co. has
become in its chosen field noted, not only for producing
a superior quality of oke, but for the excellent manner
in which all of its affairs are managed.
'The company's coal mines and coke works are located
in the southwestern portion of the Connellsville
basin, at Oliver. Redstone Junction and 'Thaw Station,
all near Uniontown in Fayette County, Pennsylvania.
Indicative of the extent of its operations is the fact that
the Oliver & Snyder Steel Co. gives constant employment
to 1,100 men. 'The capitalization of the company
is $1,600,000.
'The general offices of the corporation are at South
'Tenth and Muriel Streets, Pittsburgh. The officers of
the Oliver & Snyder Steel Co. are: George T. Oliver,
Chairman; Henry Oliver. President; John Jenkins, Secretary,
and T. J. Crump. 'Treasurer. George T. Oliver,
Henry R. Rea, Henry Oliver, John C. Oliver and T. I.
Crump are the directors of the company.
In the Connellsville district the depletion incidental
to mining operations is more than made up bv the rise
in value in oal lands. "The steady and ever increasingdemand
for oke of superior quality causes a constant
appreciation of oal properties. 'Thus, notwithstanding
its large coal output, even though the mined acreage be
considerable, there is as yet no real diminution of the
value of the company's fixed property.
"TUT". ORIENT COKE COMPANY—While the
Orient Coke Company is a comparatively new corporation,
having existed only since 1902, it is one of the pioneers
in the lower Connellsville field. Its plant at Orient,
Fayette County, is modern in every respect, in equipment
ami in methods of operation. 'The four batteries
ol boilers of 500 horse-power each, immense hoisting
engines. Westinghouse electric generators, ventilating
fan. air compressors, compressed air locomotives, elec­
() Y O F I T T S lr R G H
tric larries, coke-drawing machines, and pumps hoisting
hundreds of gallons of water per minute a perpendicular
lift of 600 feet, are but part of the equipment handled
by workers whose one object is to feed the 500 ovens
which produce daily 1,200 tons of the finest quality coke.
"The founders of the Orient Coke Company are men
who had previously been successful in other lines of
endeavor, and who engaged in the manufacture of coke
mi a sound business basis. The men who guide the
affairs of the company to-day in an official capacity are
those who originally promoted and founded the organization,
ddie names of all are familiar in Pittsburgh and
vicinity.
Mr. Julian Kennedy, famous in several countries as
an engineer and inventor, is president of the company.
Air. Robert Bently, president of the Ohio Iron & Steel
Co., of Youngstown, O., and a director in numerous
industrial and financial organizations, is vice-president.
Air. Ried Kennedy, of Homestead, Pa., financier, real
estate dealer, coal operator and president of the Monongahela
Trust Company, is secretary and treasurer.
THE PITTSBURGH-BUFFALO COMPANY—
Of epoch-making importance has been the tremendous
growth of the coal trade in the Pittsburgh district during
the past thirty years. "To a large extent the prosperity
of this part of the country is based on coal production.
Accessible coal deposits made possible the extraordinary
development of the iron anil steel industry. The advantageous
exploitation of adjacent coal fields caused
to be established in Pittsburgh and vicinity manufacturing
enterprises that have become the greatest in the
world.
'To the men who so successfully have brought about
the wonderful increase of the district's coal output is
due full credit for having helped mightily in lifting Pittsburgh
from average mediocrity to industrial pre-eminence.
In making acknowledgment of the services of
those who have contributed materially in this respect,
no tribute of praise would be quite just or complete that
did not contain suitable recognition of what has been
done by James Jones and his sons.
Success has been defined as the juxtaposition of opportunity
and the right man. In the light of what has
happened, it can not be asserted that opportunities were
lacking in the Pittsburgh oal fields. Nor, considering
what they have achieved, can it be urged that the loneses
did not have the judgment, the initiative, the courage and
the ability to take fair advantage of opportunities presented.
In 1858 a sailing vessel brought to America a shrewd
and energetic young Welshman named James lones.
What he had heard of the oal fields attracted him to
Pittsburgh. Lie came here with the determination to
succeed. But when he arrived, it is hardly probable that,
even in his most ambitious moments, he ever dreamed

11 E S T () R A" () F S T U (, II
that he would occupy in the coal trade a position so high
as the one to which he eventually attained. 'Three years
after his arrival he was married to Miss Anna hill. In
that year occurred the breaking out of the Civil War.
Though newly married, and comparatively a recent
comer to "the States," Jones promptly volunteered to
fight for his adopted country. In the Union army with
some distinction he served through the war; when mustered
out he bore, in addition to an excellent reputation
as a soldier, the scars of honorable service. In [866
his first smi was born. In this narration family matters
are noted, not only because the Joneses in many respects
are a most notable family, but it was through their united
activity, because of the effective co-operation of father
and sons that such great results have been accomplished
and are so plainly evident to-day.
Jones' first experience as a coal operator began in
1878, when he leased frmn Judge Mellon the Osceola
mine. AA'ith the assistance of his son John, who, though
milv a boy in years, in ability was equal to a man, he
operated the Osceola property successfully for two years.
PITTSBURGH-BUFFALO COMPANY, CANNONSBURG
Iii 1880, in partnership with AA". L. Sou. of Erie, Tones
leased the Grant mines at Carnegie. On disposing of
his interest in the Grant mines to his partner two years
later, Jones was able to buy a mine near Monongahela
City, which he named the Ivill, in honor of his wife.
His purchase proved to be a most judicious investment.
Increasing success procured additional opportunities. In
1889 Jones bought a half interest in the Catsburg mine
at Monongahela City and proceeded to organize the Catsburg
Coal Company, Ltd. ; this procedure resulted so
advantageously that within a year a half interest in the
Rostraver mine near Lock No. 4 had been secured by
Jones, and the organization of the Rostraver Coal Company
was a fact accomplished. In 1896 the varied interests
of James Jones and his five sons were increased
by the purchase of the river business of T. M. Jenkins
& Co., and consolidated by the formation of the firm of
James Jones c\: Sons. The importance of the firm in
the trade was soon enhanced by the fact that it secured
contracts with some of the largest users of bituminous
coal in the country, such as the Carnegie Steel Company,
the Shoenberger AA'orks, the (diver Imn & Steel Co.,
and others.
'The great strike in 1897 greatly affected coal pro­
duction, but it did not prevent James Jones & Sons from
filling ever}- mie of their contracts. During the strikeno
customer of theirs was out of coal for a single day.
Not only did the Joneses amply provide for all of their
regular customers (and many new ones) in this emergency,
but thev also supplied oal in great quantities to
the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway, and
the Pittsburgh e\: Lake Erie Railroad. 'The scrupulous
keeping of all their agreements in a period of stress
and stringency further strengthened and built up the
credit and prestige of the Joneses. 'The fact that their
foresight and ability enabled them to deliver coal when
others could not, was neither forgotten nor overlooked.
Business grew; not only were the Joneses recognized
among the largest shippers of coal by river in the Pittsburgh
district, but with their mines, steamers, flats, coal
depots and retail yards, James Jones & Sons steadily
extended their trade.
from 1878 up to October 1, [899, when the entire
Jones oal properties were sold to the Monongahela
River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co., the following yearly
records show not only the remarkable growth of a wellmanaged
business, but also the amount of coal produced
and sold by the "Jones' interests":
'i ear Tons
18/8 IO.OOO
[879
25,000
I 880
60,000
1 881 40,000
1882 45,000
1885 48,000
1884 50,000
1885 52.000
1886 58,000
1887 60,000
1888 62,000
Year Tc
1889 250,000
1890 520,000
1891 540,000
1892 560,000
1895 400,000
1894 3 70,000
1895 420,000
1896 660,000
1897 880,000
1898 1,360,000
1899 1,200,000
When, in [899, was formed the Monongahela Coal
& Coke Co., the organizers of that great corporation

234 T II K S T O R Y 0 1
were impressed with the desirability of acquiring all
the "Jmies' interests." Negotiations were begun—eventually
a bargain was closed by the acceptance of an
..Her which was decidedly advantageous to James Jones
& Soils.
The firm of James Jones & Sons in February, 1900,
was superseded by the Pittsburgh & Buffalo Co., of which
corporation the officers, directors and principal stockholders
were James Jmies and his live sons. Soon afterward
the company acquired and began to develop the
Hazel mine at Cannonsburg. 'The Hazel was a new mine
then, but now it is said to be the largest single bituminous
coal mine in the country. Also secured bv the Pittsburgh
ev Buffalo Co. were the rich opportunities existing
in the great deposits of coal and fire clay at, where
since has grown up, the town of Johnetta.
The Manufacturers' & Consumers' Coal Co., incorporated
in [90] for the purpose of purchasing the Morris
& Bailey C.o.'s property at Peters Creek, on the Monongahela
division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, nowknown
as the Rachel mines, was likewise for a whileassociated
with the opening up of properties since designated
as the Bertha mine at Bruce Station, and the
Blanche mine at Anderson Station, both mi the AA'heeling
division ..f the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad.
I hrough the two companies the Jmies interests owned
and operated seven large mines, the output of which, by
years, was as f< illi iws :
1900 15,000
1901 31 5,000
1002 805,000
1905 1,500,000
On January i, 11)04, the Pittsburgh & Buffalo Co.,
the Manufacturers' & Consumers' Coal Co. and Other
interests were merged into a new corporation called the
Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company. Capitalized at $6,000,000
(common stock, $5,000,000; preferred, $1,000,000), the
Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company had on April 1, 1004. total
assets to the value of $7,928,248.65.
Of the constantly diminishing acreage of the Pittsburgh
field, the companies controlled by lames Jones
and his sons own over 30,000 acres of unmined oal in
the best sections of Allegheny, Greene, Washington and
Armstrong Counties. What might be called the Jones
mines, already opened and now being developed, are capable
of a production of 4,000,000 tons of coal annuallv.
()t the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company's operated properties
the most important mines are the Hazel, the Bertha,
(he Blanche, the Johnetta and the Rachel mines.
In print the Hazel mine has been called the "model
coal mine of the country." How well and truly such a
description applies mav be determined by the visitor who
is permitted to inspect its improved equipment and upto-date
methods. Most complete and thoroughly approved
facilities make possible an output of 3,000 tons
p | T T S I'. C lv G II
dailv. In the arrangement of the mine workings, and in
the installation of the various appliances, full advantage
was taken of the best experience obtained elsewhere.
Nothing was left undone that would tend to make the
mine especially safe and susceptible of economical operation.
More than adequate provision is made for proper
ventilation. 'Two fans, one of which is kept in reserve
for emergencies, each capable of creating a volume of
1 ^0,000 feet of air per minute, are adjuncts of a ventilating
system which has been highly endorsed by experts.
'The entrance to the mine is by a slope having a grade
of 33 1-5 per cent. At the foot of this slope the electric
haulage plant receives and empties automatically the
loaded mine cars. Here also is situated a side track
capable of holding 500 two-ton mine cars, which makes
possible at any time the loading of thirty twenty-ton railroad
cars without calling for the assistance of a single
miner or placing a mule in service. Twenty-two electric
mining machines are employed in cutting out the coal.
and four [5-ton locomotives are utilized in bringing the
output to the surface. 'The tracks in the main entries
are laid with do and 40-pound tee rails. 'To operate the
power plant are installed six 150 H. P. boilers, and two
265 IT P. high-speed engines which drive two 150 K. W.
generators. 'Thus electric power is supplied to run the
mining machines, the great pumps and the mine motors.
The excellent car equipment of the mine was manufactured
at the company's machine shops at Johnetta.
The outside equipment of the mine consists of a steel
tipple. 112 by 50 feet, having two Phillip's automatic
dumps which handle the coal in a way that permits it to
be perfectly screened. All the particles of nut and slack
are effectually removed.
'Though operated mi a less extensive scale, the other
mines of the company are distinguished bv the same careful
provisions for the safety of the miners; first class in
every respect is their equipment, and approved in every
way are the methods employed.
Ihe Blanche mine is located in the second pool Finleyville
gas coal region, and oal frmn this mine is declared
to be unequalled for gas and steam purposes.
Analysis of this coal shows:
AI. listure y.oi
Volatile matter 1404
Fixed carbon 60.00
Ash 4.25
Sulphur 0.70
100.00
"The Bertha mine at Bruce Station, only ten miles
frmn Pittsburgh, is what is known as a "drift." Opened
up and worked along lines that receive the greatest approval,
this mine is an example of what can be done in
the way of increasing output, simplifying operations and
minimizing cost. Coal frmn the Bertha mine being

H E S T O R A' 0 F S B G '35
notably free frmn sulphur is a preferred fuel for steel Buffalo Company contains 15,000 acres ol coal, overproduction,
laid by 900 acres of surface at points most available for
The producing capacity of the Rachel mine is 1,000 development. 'This surface furnishes fine locations for
tons daily. It is a drift mine and is equipped so as to mining towns, and is accessible to the Pittsburgh and
James Jones
John H. Jones
Thomas P. Jones
llnrry P. Jones
David 0. Jones
I-:. Frank Mill, r
EXECUTIVE OEFICERS OF THE PITTSBURGH-BUFFALO COMPANY
be operated very advantageously. Its product is a high- Lake Erie Railroad; it mav also be reached by the Mograde
oal which the company ships almost exclusively nongahela division of the Pennsylvania Railroad; the
to northern and eastern points. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad has a projected line through
'The 'Ten Aide ("..al Field owned by the Pittsburgh- a portion of this field. The Washington & Greene Bail-

236 T H E S T O R Y O F
mad. which is controlled by the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Com­
pany, will extend from the Monongahela River to Ten
Aide, and its tracks will onnect with all the railroads
noted above. In addition to railroad facilities, the com­
pany will have the benefits of cheap water transportation.
as the track fmnts mi the Monongahela Liver, and the
coal production of at least 5,000 acres may be boated to
market, if desired.
According to best estimates the Pittsburgh-Buffalo
Company's "'Ten Mile tract" contains in excess of 100,-
000,000 tmis of oal. Plans of the company now under
way embrace the opening of eight new mines, each
of which will have a capacity of 500,000 tmis per annum.
In all of these mines the equipment is to be the very best
obtainable. Much of the accessories and the machinery
will be made bv the company in its own shops at
Johnetta.
'This being a thick vein oal. from six to eight feet,
it will m.t be difficult to produce the estimated ammmt
of tonnage, and the quality of the product is of such
acknowledged excellence that the coal will almost market
itself. Figuring mi a production of 4,000,000 tons
per annum, there is more than enough oal in the tract
to last twenty-five years.
The availability I'm- coking purposes of the oal produced
in Washington and Greene Counties being recognize.1
to turn I., advantage at least a part of the output
of the 16.000 acres, which it holds in the two counties
named, the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company has plans made
for the erection mi its property of the largest coking
plant in the world. Of the oal in question, the average
analysis is as fi >11< iws :
Volatile matter 5^.oo
Fixed carbon 61.00
Ash 6.00
Sulphur 0.96
Phosphi irus 0.04
100.00
Development work mi the Francis mine at Burgettstown
was begun mi September 1, 1905. In a hundred
.lays the daily production of the mine amounted to 250
tmis. 'The Francis mine is laid out in the three-entry
system. In it are employed 20 mining machines operated
by compressed air. 'The present output exceeds
1,000 tons a dav. 'The coal is delivered bv a chain haul,
capable of bringing in a minute six tmis to the to]) of the
tipple. 'The Johnetta Coal Company, which has several
thousand acres of oal land (and is owned by John IT
Jones and his brothers), operates the Francis mine.
At Johnetta, a town that was named after the little
daughter ..f John IT Jones, the president of the Pittsburgh-Buffalo
Company, is mined both oal and lire
clay.
A rich vein of coal, underneath which lies one of
the finest deposits of fire clay in the country, constitutes
S I! U R G H
the chief natural wealth of Johnetta. From the lower
Kittanning vein the company obtains two products. Un­
der the coal is a bed of Tire clay that experts assert to
be unsurpassed as material frmn which to manufacture
brick and sewer pipe. After the oal is taken out there
is left a layer of clay frmn 16 to iS feet thick.
Of the shaft fmm which the two products are ob­
tained, that part extending above the surface consists of
a head frame and tipple, with a structure leading across
the oal sidings and extending to the works where the
clav is ground. The two cage-ways of the shaft are con­
structed of heavy oak timber and closely lined with
southern pine. 'The cages are approved steel construction,
and have a steel safety-attachment controlled by a
"slack bridle" that beomes instantly effective if the main
hoist chain or shackles should give way. 'These cages
have a capacity of 200 cars hourly.
'The main shaft is about 100 feet deep. To this
distance the cage descends. 'Then the cars of coal or
clay, which previously have been shunted to the lower
entrance to the shaft, are placed singly in the cage. Elevated
to the top the cars are mechanically forwarded
and dumped. Double tracks or sidings permit the coal
to be emptied on either side. Screened thoroughly and
weighed, the coal falls into a waiting freight car. By a
system of conveyors the slack is carried to the opposite
end of the tipple and placed in storage bins, frmn whence
later, by a [0-ton electric lorry, it is transported either to
the oke ovens, the boiler bouse or the brick and sewer
pipe plant, as may be required.
'The mining machines, of the chain pattern, are
moved from place t place in the mine mi self-propellingtrucks
that are operated by electricity. The machine,
moving from one section to another, cuts in such "rooms"
as are in proper shape; then follow the loaders who shoot
down the coal and load it on mine cars to be taken to
the shaft. 'The rules of the mine require a thorough
cleaning up of all slate and debris, and there is left a
space of 10 or 12 feet between the gob and the face of
the coal. 'The coal and the debris being removed, the
wav is open for the excavation of the clav.
Large and unusually well equipped is the sewer pipe,
brick and block plant of the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company.
In this great manufacturing establishment, with
its bulky output, especial success has been attained in
the installation ..1 conveyors and labor-saving devices.
'The mechanism of the sewer pipe department consists
of two 9-foot revolving dry pans for pulverizing
the clav. two 9-foot wet pans for mixing, and a complete
svstc-m ol elevators, conveyors and screens. The
sewer pipe press, an independent unit, the final machine
through which the clay is passed, may be described as
a high-pressure cylinder with an approximate dimension
of 40 niches, connected direct by heavy steam column
separators with a 20-inch clay compressing cylinder.
I his press is capable of turning out a mile of sewer pipe

FI E () Y I T i! r r G n 237
daily. Power for operating the plant is supplied by a
400 H. P. engine of the girder bed type having a 24 by
48-inch cylinder, and a 22-foot belt-wheel making (14
rev. ilutions a minute.
From the crusher the clav is taken by conveyors to
the screens, through which it must pass. All particles
not sufficiently fine are returned to the dry pans to be
reground. Mixed with water and manipulated until it
assumes a stiff and putty-like form, the properly tempered
clav is conveyed to the upper floor, where an automatic
press feeder, looked after by but one employee,
puts it into the press. Pressed and cut off automatically,
the green pipe is trucked up to the drying floor 'Thereit
is kept for two or three days before being taken to
the kiln.
The entire kiln capacity of the Johnetta plant comprises
15 2S-fo.1t kilns, 2 56-foot kilns, all of which arccircular,
and mie large dovvn-draught square kiln, in the
aggregate capable of burning at once 650,000 bricks. In
the 500 or more railroad cars belonging to the Pitts­
burgh-Buffalo Company.
Besides its mining and manufacturing operations, its
wholesale dealings in coal and clav products, the Pitts­
burgh-Buffalo Company maintains two large retail coal
yards in Pittsburgh. One is located at Twenty-ninth
and Liberty Streets, the other is mi the Xorthside, erstwhile
Allegheny, at Grant and Smith Avenues.
'The general offices of the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company
are in the Frick Building, Pittsburgh. Ihe corporation
also maintains offices in Buffalo. Cleveland and
Chicago.
Of the directors. James Jmies is Chairman, the other
members are: John IT Jmies, T. P. Jmies. I). (\. Jones,
II. P. Jones and E. F. Miller. 'The principal officers of
the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company are: John IT Jones.
President; Thomas P. Jones, Vice-President; David (i.
Jmies, Secretary and 'Treasurer, and E. T. Miller, Purchasing
Agent and assistant to the president.
PLANT OF UNITED STATICS SEWER PIPE CO. (PITTSBURGH-BUFFALO CO.)
use at the Johnetta plant is one of the largest brickmaking
machines in the world. Its capacity is 100,000
bricks every 12 hours. In addition to sewer pipe of all
shapes, drain tile and vitrified bricks, the Pittsburgh-
Buffalo Company makes impermeable vitrified buildingblocks,
corner blocks, gutter tile, horse troughs, and slop
and closet bowls.
At Johnetta were made the bricks and hollow blocks
from which were constructed the excellent power and
other buildings erected by the company at the various
mines.
An important adjunct of the company's operations
frmn an economic point ol view are the great machine and
car shops of the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company at Johnetta.
Equipped extensively with steel and wood-working
machinery, these shops are prepared to make, with the
exception of the wheels, not only mine cars, but practically
the bulk of the appliances used in the equipment
of the mines. Here also are repaired, when necessary,
AA'hen James Jmies & S

218 S ( ) R Y 0 F LT R G II
at an early age to accept serious responsibilities, John
IT Jones has shown in large affairs the greatest ability
and discretion. Beginning to work around mines at the
age oi in, when only 15 vears old he was performing
acceptably the duties of shipping clerk and I kkeeper.
At 20 he was entrusted with the financial end of his
father's business, and worthily did he share in the management
of the mines. Not only did he succeed in doing
his full part in the undertakings in which, with his father
and brothers, he was associated, but likewise acquired
and built up business interests of his own. At the time
ot the sale of the Jones' interests to the Monongahela
Liver Consolidated Coal & Coke Co., the Tmeses subscribed
for $1,000,000 worth of bonds and stock in that
ompany. In acknowledgment of this large investment,
as well as in recognition of his marked qualifications for
such a position, John IT Jones was elected a director
ol the "Liver ("oal" Company. For ten months he continued
in the directorate and then resigned that he might
be more free to look after other affairs in which he was
actively interested. When the Pittsburgh & Buffalo Co.
was incorporated he was made president. After the
merger there was no thought among the stockholders
that anyone else should be the head of the new company.
Besides being president of the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company,
with all the honors and responsibilities that the
position implies, John IT Jones is the vice-president and
director ..l" the Federal National Lank of Pittsburgh,
and a director of the Allemannia and National Union Insurance
Companies. He is also the vice-president of
the Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association of this
city; a member of the Board of 'Trade and the Chamber
of Commerce of Pittsburgh, and the hoard of 'Trade of
Cincinnati. 'The clubs to which he belongs are: the
Union, Duquesne and Country Clubs of Pittsburgh, and
the Alissouri Athletic Club of St. Louis. Happily married
t.» Aliss Sarah Walker Miller mi December 2^,, [889,
now he is the father of live children: Bertha, fohnetta,
Marshall Aid)., Rachel and Edna.
"Thomas P. Jmies, the Vice-President and General
Sales Agent ..f the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company, began
as a messenger boy; at 15 be was working underground.
driving mules and operating a haulage plant; when he
was \7 he had charge of the tipple of the hill mine,
where he supervised the dumping, loading and weighing
f oal, and was held responsible for its marketable condition.
'Ten years later be was Secretary-Treasurer of
the Excelsior ( oal Company, engaged in business in Cincinnati.
When the "Liver Cord" Company took over the
Jmies' interests, 'Thomas P. Jones for a year afterward
was prominently identified in the affairs of "Liver Coal."
On withdrawing he became Vice-President of the Pittsburgh
& Buffalo Co. and retained that office when
the succeeding company was organized.
In August. 1NK7. he married Aliss Annabel Baldwin.
The names of his live children are James. Samuel, Hazel
A.. 'Thmnas P. and Annabel. 'Thomas P. Jones belongs
to the Union Club of Pittsburgh, and to the Buffalo,
Ellicott and Lark- Clubs of Buffalo; he is a member of
the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce; in various secret
orders he is a man of prominence, masonically being ad­
vanced to the thirty-second degree, and a Knight
Templar; besides, he is affiliated with the Elks, the
Knights of Pythias, the I. ( >. R. AT, the Jr. 0. U. A. AT,
and the Kokoals.
David (T Jmies graduated from the Monongahela
City High School at the age of 17; for two years afterwards
he was employed in his father's office, making-
mit pay-rolls and attending to the shipment of coal.
When 10 years old he was made superintendent of the
Rostraver mine; then, the business of James Jones &
Sons having greatly increased, he was sent to assist his
brother John IT, who had charge of the Pittsburgh
office. Lor a while associated with "Liver Coal," he
left that corporation to take charge of the Hazel mine
tor the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company. Following the
merger he was made Secretary and 'Treasurer of the
Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company, lie is also Treasurer of
the Lake Erie & ( )hi

T II E S T < R A' ( ) I G I 239
enterprise, Harry P. Jmies is also a stockholder in the
Federal National Bank of Pittsburgh, and of the Goodman
Manufacturing- Company, of Chicago. 'Though always
a busy man, with not much time to devote to politics,
at mie time he was a delegate to the Republican
State Convention, and he has served in the Select Council
..f Cannonsburg and Monongahela Citv.
Airs. Harry P. Jmies was formerly Miss Ida May
McChesney, of Monongahela Citv; the children of the
II. P. Jmies family are David George, Blanche Lemia,
James Harry P. and Wilbur AT
Advanced in Sottish Rite Masonry, a Shriner, an
Elk and holding memberships in the Union Club of Pittsburgh,
the Coal Men's Club of Cleveland, the Business
Alen's Club of Cincinnati, and the Pendennis Club of
Louisville, II. P. Jmies enjoys deserved popularity in
secret societies and social associations. lie also belongs
to the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce.
At the age of 18, E. F. Miller finished his career at
Duff's College. 'Then being associated in work and in
the study of mining with members of the firm of lames
Jones ev. Sons, the young man made such good progress
that by the time he was 20 he was able to fill satisfactorily
the office of Vice-President of the Big Hill Coal Company,
Later made a director of the Pittsburgh-Buffalo
Coal Company, he was entrusted with further responsibility
in the important post of assistant to the
president.
In one way the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company may be
looked upon as an object lesson, an incentive to resolute
and unwearied endeavor by ambitious young men. Not
everyone can be so fortunate as to accomplish so much
as was achieved by the men who built up the great enterprise.
Vew mav hope to have their efforts, however
persevering, so richly rewarded. But it is true, "what
man has done that man can do." AA'hen James Jones
began working his lease on the Osceola mine, who would
have predicted then that he and his sons would one day
be regarded as the greatest independent oal producers
in the Pittsburgh district. AA'hen young John Jones and
his brothers were engaged in their grimy tasks, little the
neighbors thought that those boys would be eventually
the directors of a series of enterprises in which JoOO
men are employed. 'The lads who toiled so hard a few
years ago, to-day are masters of a business in which
millions are soundly invested. AA'as it all luck? Well,
hardly! Pluck, energy and intelligence were far more
in evidence.
The success they have achieved in the past is the firm
foundation for greater things in the future. 'The Pittsburgh-Buffalo
Company, under such excellent management,
is far from being in the zenith of its prosperity.
Guided by the genius of the Joneses it will go on extending
its trade, increasing its production.
It is interesting sometimes to note the financial value
of advantageous direction. To ascertain how much sys­
tem and efficient management count for, even in that
most important item, the ost of production, it is only
necessary to make certain comparisons. 'Though a large
proportion of the miners in the Pittsburgh district are
of foreign birth and of such brief acquaintance with this
country that thev scarcely speak' our language, the average
production of a oal miner in the United States is
over 500 tmis. as against 278 tmis in England, 242 tmis
in Germany, 19O tmis in Trance, and [66 tmis 111 Belgium.
'This difference is not entirely i\ul- to the quality or location
of the oal. It is the result of superior methods, the
use of improved machinery and more intelligent management.
'Though the miner receives considerably higher
wages in this country, the additional amount of" oal
brought to the surface makes the ost of production per
ton appreciably less than it is in Europe.
Bv the utilization of power everywhere it can replace
hand labor, by the superior equipment of its mines, by
avoiding all unnecessary handling of the output the Pittsburgh-Buffalo
Company obtains results that are unsurpassed.
THE PITTSBURGH & WESTMORELAND
COAL CO.— The black diamonds of commerce are the
most valuable jewels in Pittsburgh's crown.
The exploitation of Pittsburgh oal deposits has
added incalculably d the industrial progress and accumulated
wealth of the country.
Of the 125,000 acres of unmined "gas coal" in the
Pittsburgh district, about 65,000 acres are the properties
of steel companies, and (10.000 acres are owned bv coal
companies that supply the general demand. Of "strictly
gas coal," the largest holder in the district is said to be
the Pittsburgh & Westmoreland Coal Co.
Where tl..vvs the famed Monongahela River—where
extend the unspoiled dominions of old Ling Coal—proceed
with tireless industry the operations of this very
important corporation. Employed bv the company.
2,000 men take from the earth ever}- year 2,000,000 tons
of oal. Estimating that a million tmis will be produced
fmni 150 acres, the area of the company's unexcavated
oal is reduced about 260 acres per annum. But the material
loss to the corporation is not so great as might
be supposed. Land containing coal of this quality is
appreciating at the rate of Si00 an acre every year.
1 he mining and shipping of coal as well as its
utilization in these days is reduced almost to an exact
science. Equally with the excellence of its product, the
Pittsburgh & Westmoreland Coal Co. is noted for its
up-to-date equipment and management. Practically all
its coal is produced by machine mining. Closely allied
with the Pittsburgh & AA'estmoreland Coal Co. in ownership
and policy is the Blaine Coal Company. 'The mines
of these two companies, in Allegheny and Washington
Counties, located along the Monongahela River
and Pigeon Creek, possessed of the advantages offered

240 () R Y O F S U G F.
by the P. A". & C. R. R. and the Pennsylvania Railroad,
have little to desire in the line of transportation, except,
of course, cheaper freights. Loth companies make a
specialty of supplying coal to gas companies, cement
companies and "industries requiring low sulpher and
long flame." For several years past the allied companies
have been large shippers of oal to the Lakes.
It is only the "low sulphur coking and gas coal that can
meet the Lake Superior iron ores at low transportation
ost."
In Washington County for the last four years the
Pittsburgh & Westmoreland Coal Co. has been testing
the Pittsburgh seam of oal lying between the Pin
Hook and Waynesburg anticlinals. 'This coal, formerly
not so highly regarded, the company has coked repeatedly,
and without exception it has produced a coke under
one per cent, in sulphur, with cell structure and
burden-bearing qualities equal to the standard coke of
the Connellsville district.
The officers of the Pittsburgh & AA'estmoreland Coal
Co. are: II. A. Kuhn, President: C. IT Perm and E. E.
Robbins, Vice-Presidents; H. A. Andrews, 'Treasurer,
and Samuel A. Davis. Secretary.
TOWER HILL CONNELLSVILLE COKE COM­
PANY—One-half million tmis of the highest grade of
famous Connellsville oke seems a big output for one
year by mie oke maker, but that is the proposed extent
of production of the Tower Hill Connellsville ("oke Company.
Such production means there must be access conveniently
to almost unlimited coking coal. It means also
that the manufacturing facilities must be second to none.
The 'Tower Hill Connellsville Company not only has the
oal, oal that will make oke low in sulphur, the best
that can be bad, but it is also developing admirable
facilities. AA'hile the 'Tower Hill Connellsville property
is but a small portion of the immense development in
which the officers and directors are interested, it is currently
the most important and extensive, and it is especially
significant in the rapidly developing Lower Connellsville
region in Layette County, Pennsylvania.
'The 'Tower Hill Connellsville Coke Company was incorporated
in January, 1907, with a capital of $5,500,-
000. 'There are also $2,500,000 in bonds, all sold, of
which ammmt $1,000,000 proceeds have been held and
are being used for development solely. 'This provision
assures a bright prospect for such a large undertaking.
'The company's offices are in the first National Bank
Building, Uniontown, La., known throughout manufacturing
circles as the headquarters of the strongest coal
and coke interests in the world. "This company owns
2,000 acres of the finest coking coal of the Connellsville
region, situate in Redstone and Luzerne Townships,
Fayette County, at Republic station mi the Monongahela
Railmad in the heart of the Lower Connellsville
and Klondike coke regions.
It is this property that is to be developed to a ca­
pacity of 500,000 tons of oke annually. The large
plant is now in cmrse of active development; produc­
tion will be mi in sound earnest in 1908. The company
is building 1,000 coke ovens, which shows the magnitude
of this undertaking. Four shafts are being sunk. The
development will necessitate convenience of labor, which
the company has foreseen and for which provision will
be made bv erecting 160 blocks of houses, starting a
town of 2,000 population. AAdien the plant is running
full force there will be about 1,000 men employed in the
operations.
Following are the officers and directors of the Tower
IIill Connellsville Company: George D. Howell, presi­
dent and director; J. A". 'Thompson, vice-president and
director; F. M. Osborne, .^vice-president and director;
losepb R. Nutt, treasurer and director; John R. Thompson,
assistant treasurer; L. AAr. Fogg, secretary and director;
George H. Burr, L. G. McCrum and Andrew
Squire, directors. A moment's glance at this official and
directorial personnel evidences the strong backing of the
Tower Hill Connellsville proposition.
George D. Howell, the president, is vice-president of
the McCrum-Howell Company, director of the Rich
Llill Coke Company and other institutions, and is an
attorney of recognized ability in western Pennsylvania
legal circles.
Josiah V. Thompson, vice-president, is so well known
as scarce needing a word. He is the largest owner of
oal in the world. He is president of the First National
Bank of Uniontown, which heads the honor list of banks
in the L'nited States. He is also vice-president of the
Thompson Connellsville Coke Company.
Frank AI. Osborne, vice-president of the Tower Hill
Connellsville, is president of the Youghiogheny & Ohio
Coal Co., and was formerly president of the Pittsburgh
Coal Company. He is a director in the Guardians' Saving
& 'Trust Co., and the First National Bank of Cleveland,
( )hi. 1.
Joseph R. Nutt, treasurer of the Tower Hill Connellsville,
is also secretary of the Citizens' Savings
& Trust Co. and a director of the same; a director
of the Union National Bank of Cleveland; treasurer of
the Northern Ohio 'Traction Company; director of the
Quaker Oats Company of Ohio.
L. W. F«'gg, secretary and general manager of the
'Tower Hill Connellsville property, has had extensive
identity with oke developments. He was formerly engineer
in charge of construction of the Lambert & Edenborn
shafts of the United States Steel Corporation. He
was also in charge of the building of the shaft of the
Brier Hill Coke Company in the same capacity. He was
consulting engineer for the shaft development of the Republic
Iron ev. Steel Co.'s coke works.
John R. 'Thompson, assistant treasurer, son of J. V.
Ihompson. is well experienced in practical construction.

T H E S T 0 R Y 0 F s U R G 241
George II. Burr, one of the directors, is of the widely
known banking house of George II. Burr & Co., 41
AA'all Street, New A', irk.
Andrew Squire, another director, is head of the law
firm of Squire, Sanders eY: Dempsev, one of the leading
firms of the AA'est and general counsel of the Wabash
railroad lines east of 'Toledo. He is a director of the
Citizens' Savings & Trust Co. of Cleveland, the Cleveland
Stone Company, and other institutions.
Lloyd G. McCrum, also a director, is president of the
McCrum-Howell Company, the largest independent manufacturer
of heating goods in the country, and is a director
of the 'Thompson Connellsville Coke Company.
President Howell, voicing the wholesome optimism
of this strong coterie of financiers and manufacturers,
says:
"Pittsburgh is, and in coming years will be even
more so, the industrial center of the world. Fayette
Pennsylvania gas and steam coal, and operates by lease
over 1,400 seres. Its mines arc located in Allegheny,
Westmoreland, Washington, Somerset and Fayette
Counties. None of them are more than fifty-live miles
radius from Pittsburgh, and most of them are within
twenty-five miles radius. In the Somerset field there
are four veins of oal in the property, two of which are
now being worked. In the selection of oal no properties
have been bought but the very finest quality of both
gas and steam coal, and all are well situated for economical
operation. 'The several properties have a total yearly
capacity of 4,000,000 tons, yielding between (1,000 and
9,000 tons per acre. 'There are nine mines in operation,
each equipped with the latest and most improved ma­
chinery.
'That these properties are especially well equipped to
obtain the greatest amount of shipping facilities is apparent
fmni the fact that thev are located mi three rail-
PATTERSON TIPPLE OF THE UNITED COAL Co.. OX MONONGAHE UVER, XF.VR ELIZABETH, PA.
County is her main standby for highest grade fuel, and
Fayette County wishes to be considered as being within
the Pittsburgh district so as to share even remotely in
the great city's glory.
"The 'Imn Age' of recent date says: 'Westmoreland
and Fayette Counties contain the famous Connellsville
coking coal basin, and so lead not only the other
ounties of the State, but the other States of the Union
and the other countries of the world, so that thev might
be considered as in a class by themselves. Nearly 90 per
cent, of the coal made into coke at the mines in Pennsylvania,
and about 66 per cent, of the coking coal mined
and oked in the United States comes from these two
counties.' ' This statement is striking, but absolutely true.
TUT". UNITED COAL COMPANY—The United
(oal Company was incorporated under the laws of Pennsylvania
in [902 with a capital of $4,000,000. The
company owns 1,100 acres of the very best grade of
roads, namely, B. ex ()., Pennsylvania and P. eY. L. E.,
besides having tipples on the Monongahela River at three
of the mines. 'This has been a factor recognized bv buyers
of oal generally, as it would indeed be a rare occasion
for all the mines to be short of cars or shut down
for any reason at the same time. 'The United Coal Com­
pany is in an especially stmng position mi account of
owning 1,010 steel cars, 150 river boats and barges, and
a steamboat.
Ibis company has erected more than 800 modern
homes for its miners, together with electric lighting and
water plants. Good school facilities arc provided for
the miners' children, and as a result the company is enabled
to get and retain the very best class of miners. All
the apparatus, such as hoisting engines, ventilating sys­
tems, steel tipples and machinery are of the latest pattern
and practically new, designed to produce oal in the
most economical manner.
'The company has docks at Milwaukee, Duluth and

242 II s ( ) R Y 0 F S B U R G H
Cincinnati. It has offices in New York, Boston, Pitts­
burgh, Chicago and Cincinnati, frmn which places the
salesmen dispose of the coal as fast as it can be mined.
They are enabled to do this on account of the oal being
especially adapted for gas, malleable iron plants, fur­
naces, and so forth, where a high grade of oal is demanded.
'The analysis of the coal has proved it to be
among the purest mined in the United States.
'The president of the company is AA'. S. Kuhn; vicepresident,
James S. Kuhn; secretary and treasurer, J. B.
VanWagener; assistant treasurer, 'Thurston Wright.
THE AA'IIA'LL COKE COMPANY—There is no
portion of the great bituminous coal region of Pennsylvania
which offers greater opportunities for the manu­
facture of coke than Fayette County. In that county
alone there are upwards of 25.000 coke ovens, practically
all of which are kept running steadily the year round,
owing to the immense demand fm- high-grade furnace
ing ends of the business. AA'. II. AA'hyel is president and
general manager of the company, and George AA'hyel is
secretary and treasurer. George AA'hyel is also vice-
president and general manager of the Connellsville Con­
solidated Coal & Coke Co., while AA'. Harry Whyel is
a director in the same concern, and both take an active
part in the operations of this company as well as in the
Whyel Coke Company.
'The company started in business with several fine
coal properties which they opened at once, and in a
short time had producing mines, had erected tipples of
a permanent character and were in position to market
their coal, ft was decided, however, to follow out the
original policy of the business and to engage in the
manufacture of coke. Owning the surface land as well
as the underlying oal. the construction of the ovens was
therefore started at once, and in the course of a few
months after the opening of the mines, the company had
the first battery of ovens ready to fire, while the re-
POWER PLAXT AXIl TIPPLE OF THE t'XITEIl COAL CO.. JEROME MINE, SOMERSET COUNTY, l'A.
and foundry oke. The close proximity of this field
with the immense mines in the entire district, where
millions of tons of the finest of the Pittsburgh vein of
bituminous coal have been produced in recent years,
affords an added advantage in the lower cost.
It is in this district that the greatest producer of cokein
the world, the H. C. Frick Coal ev (.'oke Co., is located,
as well as some hundred or more independent concerns.
One of the leading, as well as one of the more recent of
these latter concerns, is the AAdiyel Coke Company of
Uniontown. Pa., which produces some of the highest
grade foundry coke of that region.
The company was incorporated under the laws of the
State of Pennsylvania mi March 15. 1904. and has an
authorized capital stock of $50,000. all of which has been
subscribed. The company was formed bv \A". Harry
Whyel and George Whyel, both of Uniontown, Pa., and
who have had many years of practical experience in the
coal and coke industries, both in the producing and sell-
mainder were completed as soon as possible thereafter.
One hundred and forty ovens of the most improved type
were completed, which have been in steady operation
and represent an investment of about $75,000.
Ibis plant is located in George's 'Township, near
Smithfield. Pa., where all of the oal and surface lands
of the company are located, with the exception of two
small plants near Latrobe, Pa. 'The railroad and shipping
facilities there are of the best, excellent lines and
railroad connections giving unsurpassed service in forwarding
shipments in all directions, and particularly to
the great Pittsburgh mills and Canada, where much of
the production is shipped.
Ihe AA hvel Coke Company, when compared with
manv others, is a comparatively new organization, as its
incorporation under Pennsylvania laws dates only from
March, 1904, yet owing to the enterprise and ability of
its general management it is now successfully carrying
on a very large and profitable business.

T H F T O R Y O F S G 243
OIL AND GAS
PITTSBURGH DISTRICT DOTTED WITH WELLS MAINTAINING THE
SUPREMACY OF WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA
Gas and oil, the first probably more than the other,
have been parallel mads through which Pittsburghers
have pushed their way to success industrially. (til to-day
could be an imported article and not materially detract
from Pittsburgh's eminence as a center of production.
Without gas, what position would Pittsburgh occupy in
the world of glassmaking? Natural gas has made the
gas engine an institution in Pittsburgh, not to mention
cheaper and plentiful illumination in millions of homes.
Steam is easily more economically generated by gas than
by coal, and when one considers what part steam has
taken in building the steel citv's industrial greatness, the
value of gas is readily conceived.
There is annuallv consumed in the United States a
mile of natural gas.
measured in cubic
feet. It is the most
econo 111 i c a I fuel
k 11 o vv 11, a 11 d the
Pittsburgh district is
its home. It is unexcelled
in the manufacture
of glass,
besides being useful
in the heating and
melting of imn and
steel, b u r 11 i 11 g of
brick and in a multitude
of kindred
lines of work.
AAdiile the principal
11 a t u r a 1 gas
territory is western
P e 11 11 s v 1 v a 11 i a,
HI. WELLS, x.
AA'est Virginia and eastern ( )bi.., natural gas was first
used at Fredonia, X. A'., when it was piped from a well
to illuminate the village in honor of a visit paid the town
by General Lafayette, the Trench soldier of fortune who
fought in the revolutionary war.
'The Pittsburgh district is dotted with wells, running
from a few hundred to 5,000 feet deep, the gas being
piped into Pittsburgh and nearby industrial centers in
mains 20 inches in diameter and under. 'The Pittsburgh
district is the largest consumer of gas of any place of
the same area in the world. Despite this great drain 011
their resources, companies piping the gas for commercial
purposes still have about three-quarters of a million acres
..I gas territory as vet undeveloped. The United States
Steel Corporation absorbs the major portion of natural
gas used here through their plants in Homestead, Braddock
and Duquesne. < )nly about one-quarter of the gasproducing
territory in the Pittsburgh district, or about
250,000 acres, is being operated, (hie of the larger
companies controls 476,213 acres and operates only 100,-
000 acres of these, which, tapped by 3,000 miles of gas
line, supply 40,500,000,000 cubic feet of natural gas
yearly to (15,000 customers.
'To trace the origin of ml, which has for years
formed mie of the mammoth industries of the Pittsburgh
district, it would be necessary to go back to the days
before Christ. In America it was discovered first in
1 700 in Seneca County, X. Y., and was located in west­
ern Pennsylvania in 1772. at a point mi the Allegheny
River, eight or ten miles above French (reek. From then
mi it grew- rapidly into a great industry. ()il City, Bradford.
Franklin and other western Pennsylvania towns
are distinctly outgrowths of the oil discoveries, and,
beginning with John D. Rockefeller, and extending down
through a long line of individuals, the fluid has built
great fortunes. 'The supremacy of western Pennsylvania
in the oil trade remained
unquestioned
for vears. and this
territory has always
been the bulwark of
that perfectly organized
institution, the
well known Standard
( )il ('. .mpanv.
AMERICAN OIL
ITERN PENNSYLVANIA
DEVELOPMENT
COMPANY — The
American ( ) i 1 Dev
el< ipment Company
is 1 me i if those huge
concerns for which
Pittsburgh is justly
famous. Its opera­
tions in producing
petroleum cover a large territory, and its trade justifies
its name, the American ( hi Development ("ompany. ddiis
company was one of the first in the active and aggressive
development of oil-producing territory.
"Ibis company was organized October 21, 1897, absorbing
the old McCalmont ()il Company, a pioneer in
the oil business, which opened up the Bullion oil fields
in 1X7(1. It has an authorized capital of $500,000, $300,-
000 of which is paid up. The valuation of its properties
on December 51, 190O, was $ 1,090.406.38 ; its liabilities
were $338,309.48; showing a surplus of $752,096.90.
It now has three hundred and fifty-one producing wells
located severally in the Pittsburgh district, in Sisterville,
AA". Va., in Barnesville, Ohio, and in Oblong, 111.
'The members of this company are all men of such
sterling ability and integrity from a business point of
view that a glance at the list will prove sufficient voucher
t..r its success. The president is Walter A. Dennison,

!44 II S T o R Y O S U R G H
the vice-president is 'Theodore E. Tack, the secretary and
characteristic of Carnegie enterprises, the Carnegie
treasurer is Frank 'Tack. 'These officers, with AA'illis F. Natural Gas Company was organized.
McCook and ( >tis 1 I. Childs, form the board of directors. Of the gas wells sunk by the Carnegie Natural Gas
AA". A. Dennison was born in Philadelphia in 1S52. Company, the deepest are in AA'etzel County, West Vir­
He started in the oil-producing business in Butler County ginia. Some of these productive holes in the ground
in 1X7(1, becoming one of the largest individual producers extend downward frmn 3.200 to 5.500 feet. AA'hen the
and most influential business men in that section oi the pipe line is properly connected with the well, the "rock
c iiintry.
pressure" mi the reservoir, some half a mile or more
'Tho. E. 'Tack was also born in Philadelphia in 1X57. beneath the earth's surface, is often sufficient to cause the
He was one of the first to establish commission houses in gas to be transported through the pipes for upwards of a
Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, and also .me of the first hundred miles, hi wells in AA'etzel County, approximately
(in 1863) to produce oil in AA'est Virginia and south­ 3,300 feet dee]), the pressure is said to be, frequently,
eastern ( )bi...
111. ire than 1,000 pounds to the square inch. 'Though
usually the power necessary to send natural gas through
Frank "Tack was born in Philadelphia in 1X50 After
serving three vears as a private in the Fifteenth Pennsylvania
Cavalry during the AA'ar of the Rebellion, he
went to Pittsburgh to enter the employ of his brothers,
A. IT 'Tack and T. E. 'Tack. Since that time he has
been identified with the oil business.
AA'illis F. McCook, one of the directors of the company,
is one of the leading attorneys of the Allegheny
County bar. ( Mis IT Childs. another of the directors,
is one of the most successful steel men of Pittsburgh,
and is president of the well known Lincoln Foundry
Company.
.Although the great gushers of 'Texas and those of
other later oil fields have lessened somewhat the reputation
of the Pittsburgh district as the recognized center of
the petroleum industry, yet in another sense the attention
of the world is directed to this great region, which has
been the leader in the oil-producing business for so many
years. 'To Pittsburgh capital and energy the development
of these newer lie-Ids is most largely due. The
divining rod of Pittsburgh capitalists and operators has
revealed their bidden treasures, and Pittsburgh capital is
invested in all the leading oil fields in the country. And
we venture the assertion that Pittsburgh would have
been the leading oil refining point of the country had it
not been for the secret rebates the Pennsylvania Railmad
Company gave the Standard ( )il Company.
'THE CARNEGIE NATURAL GAS COMPANY
—As geologists juggle with figures, some 62,000,000
years ago, in the Devonian period, in the Permian group
of strata which form the uppermost division of the
Paleozoic series, were created the conditions from which
emanates the natural gas that is used in this vicinity today.
'Though dating back to that remote time, this most
adaptable fuel long remained unexploited. In this country
the first recorded instance of its utilization occurred
in 1S24. Not until fifty vears later was its value as an
aid to manufacturing demonstrated. Splendidly adapted
to the needs ol manv industries, natural gas, especially
by the Carnegie Steel Company, has been utilized to good
advantage. 'To amply supply natural gas fuel for numerous
furnaces, mi a scale ami with a thoroughness
the pipe lines for ordinal-}- distances is supplied by the
pressure of the wells, sometimes, in drawing the remain­
ing gas from depleted reservoirs in nearly exhausted
fields, the diminishing pressure frmn below is supple­
mented bv cylinder compressors in a pumping station.
In the pumping stations, by gas engines, the work re­
quired is effectively performed at, comparatively, a very
low cost.
Of present Pennsylvania gas regions the Greene
County fields bid fair to be the most productive and
enduring. In AA est Virginia AVetzel County probably
contains the greatest gas possibilities.
The "gas-producing sands" are known bv various
names in different localities. In Armstrong, Indiana
and Washington Counties, Pennsylvania, the upper layers
are known as the Ahirravsville or salt sand, and the
hundred-toot sand, while the layer below is broken up
into strata described as the Gordon, Gordon Stray,
Fourth, Fifth, Bayard and Elizabeth sands. In various
places south of Pittsburgh the "big Injun" sand is a
great yielder of gas. AA'est Virginia's most productive
gas sands are the "Gordon, Gantz, Gordon Stray, Fourth,
Fifth, and, occasionally, the deeper Bayard and Elizabeth
sands. As t.. how long natural gas will continue to be
productive in the fields now known, depends of course
to a considerable extent upon the amount of operation.
At the present rate of development, however, according
to conservative estimates, the properties of the Carnegie
Natural Gas Company are likely to be profitably operated
I'm- manv years to come. AA'hat has been done in AArest
A irginia so far, scarcely more than serves to illustrate
the wonderful possibilities of that section.
I bmigh the Carnegie Natural Gas Company is an
auxiliary of the Carnegie Steel Company, which in turn
is a constituent of the United States Steel Corporation,
tm- years its affairs have been under the immediate direction

H E S T O R Y O F S B U R G 545
mine. From this responsible position he was soon transferred
to Pittsburgh to take charge, not only of the
natural gas interests of the Carnegie Company, but also
of the Youghiogheny and Larimer Coke AVorks of Carnegie
Brothers & Co., Ltd. AA'hen the Carnegie Natural
Gas Company was organized, but one man was considered
in connection with the presidency of that corporation;
the one who above all others was believed to behest
qualified for the place was I). AT Clemson. 'Though
in addition to his duties as president of the gas company
he was later entrusted with the responsibility of
presiding over the affairs of the Pittsburgh Steamship
Company, which subsidiary operates the Great Lakefleet
of ore carriers, his unusual competence has enabled
him to fill both places very successfully. One of the
ablest of "Carnegie's younger partners," events have
proved that his assignment, to take charge of the Carnegie
natural gas interests, was especially fortunate for the
company. Under his direction the company has extended
its lines, increased its holdings, judiciously developed
its resources, and, in fact, bettered its condition
in ever}' way. 'Truly Air. Clemson worked and won.
THE DEVONIAN OIL COMPANY—While the
ml business has been, not exactly a lottery, the risks incidental
to operating and the riches sometimes obtained
through a lucky strike, have imposed in the occupation
of prospecting for petroleum all the exciting elements
of chance. In the lines of exploration and exploitation
among the corporations that have paid good dividends
through the successful production of oil and natural gas,
the Devonian Oil Company has secured for itself a desirable
place. Not in any derogatory way could the company
be truthfully accused of "wild-catting." But to a
certain extent its specialty has been the taking of chances,
incurring such risks as are inseparable from the development
of new fields.
In New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, AA'est Virginia,
Indiana, Illinois and Oklahoma the company has operated
with considerable success. In Butler Countv, Pennsylvania,
it utilized to good advantage opportunities that
others had neglected. It went into AArest Virginia and
began development work under discouraging circumstances.
The resulting rewards were not entirely due to
good luck. The company "happened to bit upon" oilproducing
sand, but in its operations, unquestionably,
the corporation was guided by experience, expert knowledge
and good judgment.
Out AA'est repeated instances of the company's success
in locating oil are not looked upon as an inexplicableseries
of lucky incidents. In Oklahoma the Devonian
developed some valuable oil properties in the neighborh
1 of Bartlesville and in the vicinity of 'Tulsa. Though
much of the western oil does not approach the quality
of "Pennsylvania crude." from some of the wells of
Oklahoma has been drawn oil that is undeniably good.
Of oil regions recently exploited, the Oklahoma fields
are the most promising. The amount of petroleum that
mav be produced by the new State scarcely can be estimated.
But enough is known to predicate the unlikelihood
of anv oil famine even in the distant future. AArork
done in Wyoming proves the existence there of vast
quantities of oil of the kind chiefly valuable for fuel.
As vet, because of a lack of facilities for piping or shipping
the oil to market, work in the Wyoming district is
practically restricted to experiment and exploration, but
in the course of time Wyoming will be accorded prominence
among the oil-producing States.
'The Devonian (til (.'.niipanv was organized in Jul}'.
1 So 1. Its paid-up capital, $500,000. long ago ceased
to be more than a tithe of the assets of the company.
'The corporation engages only in the development of oil
lands and in the sale of oil and gas. 'The dividends
that the Devonian has paid in the sixteen vears of its
existence are excellent evidence of the correctness of
the policy it has pursued.
'The principal office of the company is in the Columbia
Lank Building, Pittsburgh. 'The officers of the
ompany are: C. P. Collins. President; J. II. Evans,
Vice-President and Secretary, and J. R. Leonard, 'Treasurer
and General Manager. 'The company's board of
directors is constituted as follows: C. P. Collins. J. R-
Leonard, J. II. Evans. George W. Crawford and W.
IT Albro, all gentlemen of recognized high standing.
EMPIRE OIL WORKS, A. L. CONFER—To an
undefined extent even the strongest are the victims of
circumstances and environment. A\"e know not all that
may befall, nor vet what opportunities await us. As best
he can, each man must meet his fate. Of the comparatively
few who are especially successful, courage and
progressiveness are apt to be distinguishing traits. He
who meets adversity undismayed; who, however confronted,
is unashamed and unafraid; who, in the midst
of difficulties, redoubles his determination to get ahead;
of such a description is the man most likely to succeed
Not through any interposition of luck, nor due to timely
assistance granted him in emergencies, but because he
had force of character and other qualities that carried
him safely through serious straits mi various occasions,
Abel Leonard Confer, the present Mayor of Oil City,
has arrived at a position that in several ways fully justifies
the assertion that he has achieved important and
well-merited success. 'Through working away, undiscouraged,
at arduous tasks, he acquired, fairly, a considerable
fortune. "Though he never, at anv time, entertained
more than the modest desires for advancement
and recognition, his party and his citv saw that he was
in every way worthy of high honors. Not only in his
present standing, but in his entire career mav be found
evidences of what sometimes can be accomplished by
honest, undaunted perseverance.

46 O R Y O F S r r g i-i
In Akron, Xew York, on December 10, 1847, Abel
Leonard Confer was born. He comes from Puritan
stock. His parents were John C. and Alary C. (Greene)
Confer. John ('. Confer was a native of Lycoming,
Pennsylvania, but at the age of nine vears he migrated
to Xew York State. At the time of the birth of his son
Abel, John C. Confer was a farmer. As such he was
not especially prosperous. Lew tillers of the soil obtained
wealth in those days, hi 1N57 the Confer family
moved from Xew York t Michigan. On a farm near
Saginaw Abel Leonard Confer grew up. He was sent in
winter to the common school in Saginaw. At other
times his services, so far as thev could be, were utilized
. hi the farm.
AA'hen he was [8 years ..Id, he enlisted in the Union
Army. In the closing struggles of the Civil War he
served with the pontoon train of the 50th Xew York
EMPIRE on. WORK
Engineers. Mustered out in Xew York, he found himself
in a serious predicament. What little money he had
was so. m spent while he vainly tried t obtain employment.
Only those win. know what it is to be without
funds or friends in a large citv can properly appreciate
the ordeal he endured. Finally, for the want of anything
better, be got a job ..n a boat that carried hay to Baltimore.
( )n this ..Id craft he made ten trips. 'Then, owing
to the close of the war, hay, for cavalry horses and army
mules, ceased to be in such great demand in Baltimore.
Ihe boat was laid up and young Confer, discharged
again, with scant resources, looked wistfully around for
ways and means to get back to Michigan.
At length be encountered a contractor who was taking
a lot of emigrant laborers to Ohio to work mi the
Atlantic and Great Western Railroad. Favorably impressed
with the youth's appearance, the contractor
promised him a place. Thus it happened that Confer
went to Akron. (>hio. 'The telegraph line between Akron
and Dav tmi was being built then. In ordinary construc­
tion work Confer was first employed. Quick to learn
and known to be reliable, after six months he was pro­
moted to be a line repairer. Holding this position, he
made his headquarters in Dayton for two years. Next
appointed operator at Windon, Ohio, he soon showed
such efficiency at the key that in a short time he was
made extra agent and operator for the road. In the
meantime he saved his money. Eventually out of his
wages he laid bv enough to buy eight}' acres of land in
Michigan. At the end of two years he resigned his posi­
tion and went t Michigan. His stay in Michigan, this
time, was of comparatively brief duration. In March,
1S70. be located in Meadville, Pennsylvania.
In Meadville, mi November 15, 1S70. he was married
I. CITY, I'.V.
to Miss Mary Boslough. Air. and Airs. Confers have
two children, both daughters, each of which is now
married : one, Mabel G., is the wife of Eugene AA". Chase.
of Warren, Obi..; the other, Gertrude, wedded John F.
Means, of To wan. la, Pennsylvania.
Shortly after his arrival in Meadville, Confer was
placed in charge of the station at Reno, near Oil City.
From that time mi he became more and more conspicuously
identified with the affairs of Reno and Oil Citv.
Avar by year bis influence increased, to-day he is justly
recognized as mie of the foremost citizens of that sec­
tion of the country. Prominent financially, politically,
socially, he gracefully accepts the responsibilities and
duties that in various ways devolve upon him. 'The clubs
to which he belongs are the Venango, the Ivy and the
Oil Citv Boat Club.
A staunch Democrat, yet popular with men of all

II E S 0 R Y O F i; U r c ii !47
parties, his aid and influence have contributed materially
towards the achievement of such success as Democracy
in that section has secured. As Mayor of Oil City he is
a zealous and efficient executive. Under his administration
numerous changes for the better are being effected.
Personally he is pleasant and affable, kind-hearted
and public-spirited. An attendant of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, a liberal contributor to church and
charitable work, a valued friend, a kind neighbor, be is
respected everywhere. All his life he has eschewed intoxicants,
nor has he ever used tobacco in any form. 'To
voting men his recipe for success is "Be sober and industrious."
In that he is a
Knight Templar, a Shriner
and a thirty-second-degree
mas. hi Air. C infer has h. morable
and advanced masonic
affiliations.
His residence at (.it
AA'est First Street. ( )il Citv.
is . me . if the mi .st beauti fill
and comfortable homes in
that part of Pennsylvania.
In business he is actively
interested in various im­
portant enterprises, but it is
through his connection with
the Empire (>il AA'orks that
he is best known.
While Confer was station
agent at Reno, oil was
struck- i m the Reno property.
Naturally the thrifty
and energetic young man
was immediately interested.
He was at mice mi the lookout
to invest his savings to
g 1 advantage. 'Though
he retained his position as
station agent, he scrutinized
carefully various opportunities
that were presented in
the . .il business. I laving
figured out that such a proposition would pay, in conjunction
wiih W. II. Stevens he started a small refinery
called the Arctic Oil AA'orks. 'This undertaking for a
while was conducted with indifferent success.
In those stirring times the small refineries were constantly
encountering great difficulties. Keen competition,
not t.. say strenuous opposition, repeatedly threatened to
put them out of business. If thev managed to exist for
any length of time, it was under conditions that spread
discouragement and gloom. Oil Citv was a storm center.
Against the independents were concentrated unrelentingly
the well organized efforts of those who insisted that the
welfare of the oil industry demanded the elimination of
II. i\. A. J.. C( INKER
the small producers and refiners. The "little fellows"
were harassed and thwarted in ever}- possible way.
Each obstacle that, by anv chance, could be placed there
blocked s.. far as it could their path til Works to the
trust.
Air. ( '. infer, with S. A".
Ramage and Fred Fisher,
I. irthwith organized t h e
.Mutual ( )il ('oinpanv. After
carrying mi this venture
I'm- smne time, he sold his
holdings to the other parties
interested and retired
I n .in the c impanv.
I lav ing n < i vv sufficient
practical knowledge and experience
as well as the capital
required to successfully
conduct a refinery, in [886
Confer quit the railroad
service and established the
Empire ()il Works.
From necessity he began
in a small way, but his
plans for the future were
well and wisely laid. A most
desirable location was secured,
and the connections
made in a measure assured
increased facilities as thev
should be required. By carefully supervising the work.
by giving his personal attention to every important detail.
he not only avoided the losses that others incurred, but
added constantly to his trade. In the beginning an undertaking
of relative unimportance, the Empire Oil
AA orks have become noted not only for the amount of
their output, but also for the unquestioned excellence of
the various products.
At Reno the Empire Company owns 30 acres of land
that gently slopes down to the river in a way that insures
perfect drainage. 'The area gives all the room
required for the operation of the plant. 'The river supplies
the water so necessary for refining purposes. A

248 T II F S T O R Y 0 F T S B U R G B
frontage of 1,500 feet on the Lake Shore and Erie Railroads
permits all the conveniences of switches, sidings
and other shipping facilities. 'The company has its own
tank cars, 7^, in all, and iron tankage to the capacity of
100,000 barrels.
Even to having their ..wn electric light plant, the Empire
()il AA'orks are equipped throughout for opera­
tion to the very best advantage. 'Thoroughly modern
machinery (specially designed, some of it) admits not
milv of economical refining, but, so far as appliances and
the modus operandi may do so, makes for a product
of superior quality. By the Empire Oil AA'orks every oil
extracted from petroleum, known to the trade, is manufactured.
Always the aim of Air. Confer has been to
make only goods of a high grade. 'The reputation of
the Empire Oil AA'orks for quality and reliability long
established as the best is scrupulously maintained.
'The present capacity of the company is 250,000 barrels
of crude oil a year.
'The making of wax is another specialty of the Empire
Oil AA'orks. 'The oil is granulated by refrigeration,
the freezing point being obtained by the use of brine
and ammonia pumps and rapid evaporation. Then
forced through cloth filters, the neutral oils pass into
tanks, and the wax remains behind. 'The present wax
output of the company amounts to about 5,000 barrels
annually.
As adjuncts to the four stills that have an aggregate
daily capacity of 1.500 barrels are agitators, "filter
houses" and every accessory required in an up-to-date
refinery. In the "filter hi .uses" are immense quantities
of fullers' earth and animal charcoal. 'The filtering materials
are first washed with benzine and then thrown
into a retort where at a white heat all the impurities are
burned out. 'Thus prepared it is made fit for the proper
clarification of the various oils.
In the pumping station is an excellent demonstration
of the utility of a gas engine. 'This one engine now performs
service formerly obtained by a battery of fifteen
small pumps.
Now being added to the Empire ()il Works is a barrel
factory which will turn out frmn 700 to 1,000 barrels
a dav. In the course of erection also is a large store­
house.
To further carry mil the idea of being independent
and complete, the Empire ( >il Works will erect its own
car repair shop just east of the "Lake Shore" station
at Ren...
'The Empire Oil AA'orks are connected with the Producers'
and Refiners' Pipe Line, which runs from the
AArest Virginia oil regions through the Butler Countv,
Pennsylvania, oil fields to Reno. ( )il City and 'Titusville.
From this pipe line is received crude oil. 'The works
also make connections with the United States Pipe Line,
through which is pumped refined oil from Reno to
Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania.
'The growth and activity of the Empire Oil Works
are among the main factors of Reno's present advance­
ment. As the head of Reno's most important industrial
enterprise. Air. Confer takes particular interest in every­
thing pertaining to the improvement of the town. So
soon as certain improvements are completed it is stated
that the company will build a number of well appointed
and comfortable residences for employees.
In the early days of the oil excitement Reno had
aspirations towards being a leading country town of that
section. But a falling off of the production of the oil
wells left the town in a rather backward condition for
vears. Largely through what has been done of late by
A. L. Confer and his associates has brought renewed
attention to Reno as an eligible location for factories.
Of the company owning the Empire Oil AA'orks, A.
L. Confer is President, J. F. Aleans is Manager, and E.
W. Chase is 'Treasurer.
It is through the upbuilding of such substantial enterprises
as the Empire Oil AA'orks—through the industry,
zeal and persistence of men like A. L. Confer—
that the business prosperity of Pennsylvania has been
placed mi its present sound basis. Even though selfinterest
be the controlling motive, though it is natural
that man should plan and labor for their own benefit,
incidentally, when a business is carried on in a way that
secures credit and profit for those at the head of it, not
milv the community, but the State and the nation, to the
extent that the industry rises, are the gainers. Such
influences for the general good are for the most part
unrecognized, yet they are perceptible. In the aggregate
the success of the country depends on the well-doing of
individuals. For the good work he has done, both as
a business man and as a citizen, on A. L. Confer is conferred
111. .re than ordinary distinction.
R. G. GILLESPIE—AL-. R. G. Gillespie is a native
Pittsburgher. For over thirty years he has been identified
with the oil business as an independent producer,
operating in western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio and
AA'est Virginia, throughout which districts Ah\ Gillespie
now maintains extensive interests.
Air. Gillespie to-day owns a large production, and
has met with continued success during the period of more
than a quarter of a century devoted to this business. He
is one ..t the largest individual operators of the present
day in western Pennsylvania. Ohio and AA'est Virginia.
Air. Gillespie resides at 5556 Fifth Avenue. Shady
Side district, where he recently went int.. a new and
attractive home.
JAMES McCLURG GUFFEY—The name of
James McClurg Guffey has become, so to speak, such a
household word in American Democracy and American
industry that it would be difficult to put one's finger on
any other name in contemporary American biography

11 E S T O R Y 0 F S U K G I 249
and say, "Here is a more typical American than Colonel
Griffey." Pittsburgh is justly proud of her famous son,
for most of his vears and activities have been spent in
or near this city, and he has been for long years one of
the influential men in extending prestige for Pittsburgh
aggressiveness. He has risen from the masses to a more
prominent eminence than is occupied by any other independent
oil, gas or mineral producer. His standing in
American Democracy is shoulder to shoulder with the
strongest men of that party, his counsels always being
respected and greatly influential, whether in municipal,
State or national politics.
Colonel Guffev's an­
cestors were Scotch.
h a v i n g occupied for
many years the Shire
of Lanark in the Low­
lands. His father was
Alexander Guffev. s. in
of AA'illiam (in f f e y,
who came frmn Sotland
to America in
[738 and was a member
of the expedition
o f Brig.-( Jen. Job n
T" o r b e s against the
French at Fort Duquesne;
thus Colonel
Guffev is descended
from makers of America.
AA'illiam Guffey,
after the expedition, established
on L o y a 1hanna
Creek the first
English settlement in
Westmoreland ('1 lunty,
Pa. In (886 a reunion
of the Guffey family
was held at the old
homestead. Five generations,
aggregating
293 persons, were pres­
ent. At the old h. imestead
James McClurg
Guffey was born January 10. [839. In that community
of home and school and church the boy secured the training
that fitted him to cope with strong situations and win.
Little did those who knew him. however, think that hewas
destined to be one of the country's leading men.
When he was 18 years old, he found the confines of the
hills too binding upon him, and he started out to make
his fortune in the world. He went down to Louisville,
Ky., and secured a job as a clerk in the office of the
Louisville & Nashville Railroad. Later he served also
as a clerk in the Adams express office. Nashville, Tenn.
JAMES McCLURG GUFFEY
I'.ut then something happened. Young Guffey happened
to have his eves open t>. opportunity, and he saw-
it in a golden aurora out of the North. Some might
have said it was rainbow-chasing when he forsook a
good job to go seek his fortune in the vagaries of the
then young oil industry. But a bright day was dawning
in the new oil fields of the western part of Pennsylvania.
Guffey made his way toward the aurora that he had seen
gleaming particularly for him. He faced a rising sun
in the dawning days of his manhood, and that sun will
never set mi the record and achievements of this sterling
"independent oil king,"
as he has been termed
time and again. In
1865 'lc "'cut to Venango
County, Pa., and
entered with his whole
soul into the chances
that were given him.
learning the oil business
from beginning
to end in all its detail.
S e v e 11 years late r
found him g e 11 e r a 1
agent lor an oil-well
supply firm at Petersburgh.
("larion County.
Keen observation and
judgment and experience
prompted him to
take valuable leases for
himself at this time,
and s... .11 his own wells
w e r e fl. iwing vv i t h
golden oil. AA'hen Pithole,
mice capital of
the Pennsylvania oil
region, was in its great­
est glorv. the Guffey
wells were among the
best producers. He
bn tadened his field and
established a lav g e r
base for petroleum operations
at Brad ford.
Pa. Even at that time his operations were larger than
anv other mie man's or firm's.
Another opportunity came in 18X4, and Colonel
Guffey was at hand to grasp it. He entered the natural
gas industry. His main interests in this field were in
the Grapeville and Murraysville regions in AA'estmoreland
Cmmt}-, right around the old home. Following
closely upon his successes in these fields came his developments
in the new Ohio and Indiana gas belt, where his
operations were extensive and productive.
Territorial limitations are unknown to men who do

2^0 I S T O R Y O s U R G H
things, and Colonel Guffev had proved himself a doer.
a man of keen thought and quick action at the right
time and place. Scarcely had be made a great success
in ( Ihio ami Indiana when he found an opportunity out in
Kansas, where, in C893, he opened the Neodesha oil
fields. By this time he had become like Charles Dickens'
Oliver, he wanted more. He found this more down in
'Texas, where he and his associates drilled the first well
in 1901 and brought in the famous Lucas gusher. Ibis
well had an original production of 70,000 barrels a day.
'The L M. Guffev Petroleum Company was formed, and
leases were taken mi a million acres of land, including
most of the noted Spindle Top. This 'Texas oil, crude
and refined, is now used throughout the world. It is
carried mi the largest oil fleet afloat, and this is a
Guffev Heat.
Not only has Colonel Guffey supplied thousands of
cities and towns with the best and cheapest fuel the world
has known, but many towns have sprung up by the touch
of his magic wand to the earth. 'The town of Guffey.
thirty miles from (Tipple Creek, is one of the several
named f. ir him.
He is also one of the largest individual owners of
coal lands in the world. His holdings in oal are prin­
cipally in Pennsylvania and AA'est Virginia. He has extensive
gold and silver mines in California, Colorado
and Idaho, while other profitable mining investments
have been made by him in Florida and Nova Sotia.
Col. Guffev has always been a stanch Jeffers. mian
democrat. He is the spinal olumn of that party in his
own State, as well as mie of the most important parts
of the national body. He has been importuned time and
again to become governor, to be United States Senator,
and even to allow his name to be presented for the highest
office in the gift of the American people; he has
remained firmly in the background, except as ounsellor
for his State and national committeeman for his party
in advocating clean politics. His influence in Pittsburgh
political affairs has been greater for his party and for
clean and right fighting than anv other man's. His knowledge
of human nature is so penetrating that he can discern
a man's purpose as readily as he can fathom a
gigantic industrial deal. He is master of himself and
industry and man.
Colonel Guffev became a resident and citizen of
Pittsburgh in 1883, since which time he has been active
in everything pertaining to the best welfare of all, regardless
of party lines in politics. For years he had a
beautiful home at Fifth and Highland Avenues; this
was relinquished for a handsome mansion in Fifth Avenue,
in the choicest residence section of the city. He is
a trustee of Washington and Jefferson College, which
has been favored more than mice frmn the Guffey hand
that never forsakes those in need, for Colonel Guffey
is known as one of the nmst philanthropic of men to Undeserving.
He is a trustee also of the Highland Presby­
terian Church of Pittsburgh. His favorite noonday place
is at the Duquesne Club in Pittsburgh, or at the Man­
hattan Club in New York, while numerous other lead­
ing social and political clubs and societies are proud to
claim him as a member.
Col. Guffev is a man of reserve, and therein lies
much of the secret of his success. He is dignified, and
his strong, reserved personality is always respected and
influential for the best. His type of the colonel, a title
derived frmn his serving on the governor's staff, is
recognized, and once known he is always recognized.
I lis southern elegance and refined chivalry is perhaps
traceable to his boyhood-days at Louisville and Nash­
ville, where his keen observation showed him what was
best in the southern gentleman. Although always one
of the busiest of men, he is always courteous and is ever
readv t< rive ear to those seeking him for counsel or
advice.
It would be difficult to enumerate the several com­
panies in which Colonel Guffey is the leading spirit, while
to itemize those in which he is less interested would re­
quire larger space than can be given. lie has the title
..f president in a sore of companies, is vice-president in
others, and is a director of all of these and many additional
interests. 'The J. AI. Guffey Petroleum Company
..f 'Texas is the largest active oil interest he has to-day.
In mineral interests he is identified with the Guffey-
Gayley Gold Alining Company of California, the Trade
Dollar Consolidated Alining Company of Silver City,
Idaho, and the Guffey-Jennings Gold Alining Company
..f Nova Sotia.
THE MANUFACTURERS' LIGHT ex: HEAT
CO.—Numbered among the appreciated public service
corporations of the Pittsburgh district, the Alanufacturers'
Light e\: Heat Co. has the additional distinction
of being one of the largest producers and distributors of
natural gas in the world. At the commencement of the
present year the company was supplying 61,919 customers.
From 866 gas wells, through 2,898 miles of pipe,
during 1906 it delivered to users no less than 39.088,-
478,000 cubic feet of natural gas. Also, from 265 oil
wells, during the past year the company produced and
sold 145,207 barrels of oil. hi all, the Alanufacturers'
Light ev Heat Co. has under lease 476,214 acres of
known oil and gas land. Of this leased land the company
novv holds in reserve 377.364 acres. L'p to date
the area "operated" is 98,849 acres. "The company's
pipe lines extend from New Castle. Pennsylvania, on
the north, t.. Martinsville, AA'est Virginia, on the south,
and from Clairton, Pennsylvania, in the east, to Steubenville
and East Liverpool, Ohio, in the west. 'Thus the
Alanufacturers' Light & Heat Co. serves the numerous.
diversified and ever-increasing industries of a stretch of
country that (comprising, as it does, the Pittsburgh dis­
trict and the upper Obi.. Valley) is rightly said to be

T H E S T O R Y 0 1
the busiest section of the United States. 'The various
industries served not only embrace so many different
forms of manufacturing, but also are growing so East
that a temporary reverse to anv particular industry would
not reduce perceptibly the demand for the company's
products.
Ihe great organization that is now known as the
Alanufacturers' Light & Heat Co. had its beginning in
Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1884. Incorporated
in May, [885, as the Alanufacturers' Gas Co., with
a capitalization of $600,000, it laid the pipes through
which was supplied, a few months later, gas to the mills
of the Smith Side. In [889, taking the name of the
Alanufacturers' Light & Heat Co., the Alanufacturers'
(las Company was merged with the Bellevue & Glenfiel.l
Natural Gas Co., of Bellevue, Pennsylvania, and the
Peoples' Light & I leaf Co., of Washington, Pennsylvania.
The capital stock was increased to $10,000,000,
..I which stock t.. the amount ..I" $7,000,000 was issued.
On April 21, 1005. the present company was incorporate.1.
Its capitalization then, as now, was $25,000,000.
AA'ith a $21,500,000 stock issue was announced the
merger of the herein named companies: 'The Alanufacturers'
Light & Heat Co., Waynesburg Natural (las
('..mpanv, 'The Relief Gas Company, Mutual Benefit Gas
('ompany, Fort Pitt (las ('ompany. Citizens' National
Gas Company, Cannonsburg Light & Fuel Co From
stock ownership the Manufacturers' Light X Heat Co.
also owns and controls the following companies: Tri-
State Gas Company, Alanufacturers' (las Company, of
Elwood Citv. Pennsylvania; The Citizens National (las
Company of Leaver County, The AA'etzel Gas Company,
Roval Gas Company, Sewickley Electric Company, Osborne
Electric Company, 'The Alanufacturers' Light &
Heat Co. of West Virginia, 'The Xew Cumberland Water
X Gas Co.. 'The Blacksville Oil X Gas Co., Jefferson
Telegraph Company, Sewickley Gas Company, Edgeworth
Electric Company, ami the Wheeling Natural Gas
Company (which corporation owns and controls The
( )hio Valley (ias Company, Venture (hi ('ompany, Alanufacturers'
Gas Company of Wheeling, Natural Fuel
Company, and the Cameron Oil & Gas Co. ). 'To adjust
equities so that the properties of all these companies
could be merged into one great holding, was a task that
called I'm- large capital.
As shown bv the consolidated balance sheet, charges
between companies eliminated, on December 31, 1906,
the financial condition of the company was as follows:
ASSETS.
Property $55,260,192.98
'Treasury stock 628,600.00
Cash 348,681.75
Accounts receivable 554,534.57
I'.ills receivable [4,152.88
$36,786,162.18
P I T s L. L ( 2.-1 I
LIABILITIES.
('apital st. .ck $21,500,000.00
I Solids less sinking fund 8.22 i.OOO.OO
Bills payable (under agreement extended
.luring live years ) 4.029,5 1 8.62
Accounts payable [07,507.13
Accrued interest oil bonds 102,134.00
Accrued tax ..11 bonds 32,196.00
Security deposits 72,107.55
Surplus 2,721,698.88
The officers of the company are: IT IT Beatty,
$36,786,162.18
President: (). II. Strong. Vice-President; L. A. Meyran,
Vice-President; E. II. Meyers, Treasurer, and II. E.
Seibert, Secretary and Assistant 'Treasurer. AA'ith the
President, Vice-Presidents and Treasurer on the Board
..I Directors are F. X. Chambers, Henry I. Beers, James
Kuntz, Jr., William Flinn, E. IT [ennings, A. E. Succop,
J. \\ . ( idl and Thomas Alexander. The officers and
directors of the ompany are pioneers in the oil and
gas industry. That under their administration the company
has grown frmn what it was mice in Washington
County to its present enormous proportions is about the
most eloquent tribute that could be paid to their foresight
and business ability.
I he general offices of the company arc in the Farmers'
Lank Building, Pittsburgh. In Pennsylvania it has
branch offices at Washington. Waynesburg, Cannonsburg,
Coraopolis, McKees Rocks. Sewickley. Rochester, New
Brighton, Leaver Falls, Elw 1 City, Xew Castle, Clairton
and McDonald; the locations of the AA'est Virginia
branches are respectively Wellsburg, Moundsville, New
Cumberland, Xew Martinsville, Cameron and Wheeling;
its Ohio offices are in Bellaire, East Liverpool, Wellsville
and Steubenville; everywhere in its territory the
company is in a position to do business advantageously.
Lecause. where obtainable, natural gas is a cheap,
sate and most convenient fuel, the purveyors of it are
assured ol prosperity so long as the supply lasts. Holding
as it does in reserve an immense acreage of proven
oil and gas land, the Alanufacturers' Heat & Light Co.
confidently relies upon supplying all the requirements,
however great, of a constantly increasing number of customers
for vears and vears to come. 'The officers of the
company see in the future a repetition of the vears that
have passed, namely advancement and improvement in all
lines of their business. 'The better to take care of future
trade and to be prepared to meet satisfactorily enlarged
demands for its products, the company is investing
shrewdly in the extension and betterment of its facilities.
To describe in detail h..w greatly the production, distribution
and utilization of natural gas have facilitated
manufacturing is almost impossible. But a look back

E S T O R Y O F T S P> H R G II
over the vears that intervene between the present and
the time that the "second pump station for the transpor­
tation of gas ever built" was erected by the predecessor
of the Alanufacturers' Light & Heat Co. will show how
wonderfully natural gas has been adapted to the needs
..f thousands of industries. If "he, who makes two
blades of grass grow where only one grew before, is accounted
a benefactor," then a corporation (that with
drills and dynamite smites the rocks deep down in the
earth and causes to gush forth gas that when piped from
the wells in the back districts to distant cities is latent
heat and power that can be used cheaply and advantageously
for almost any purpose) at least should be
credited with what it has contributed to the advancement
of the communities in which its works are located.
Placed end to end, in a continuous line, the pipes of the
Manufacturers' Light & Heat Co. would extend almost
across the continent. But the influence of the company
mi trade and manufacturing is of far greater extent.
THE MARINE OIL COMPANY—Strictly speaking,
the Marine Oil Company is neither a corporation
nor a partnership. It is just a trade designation, a name
under which is carried on the business that, from the beginning,
has been, and is now, owned solely by A. A.
Banner, it.
AA'hen Air. Banner.it modestly inaugurated the Marine-
Oil Company in [882 there were not lacking those who
predicted the early failure of the enterprise. Popularly
supported institutions of great financial strength, ably
directed, put forth all their efforts only t be crowded
ingloriously against the wall. One after another, more
or less ambitious undertakings in the oil business failed
dismally. Out of the wreck and ruin of oil companies
grew a widespread disinclination to engage in a business
that seemed to be productive of evil results to all but a
favored few. But those who scoffed at Bannerot's attempts
to set himself up as a manufacturer of lubricants
knew but little of the man's persistence and ability.
'Though at the commencement his cash assets amounted
to but $250, he had considerable and invaluable experience
gained while working for others. He was thoroughly
practical. Realizing that the limitations of his
capital at that time forbade bis manufacturing lubricating
compounds in large quantities, he depended on quality
and reliability to assure for his lubricants a steady
and growing trade. He studied hard, he experimented
continually to devise formulas of compounds that seemed
to be the best adapted for the work he had in view; as a
result of his experiments and studies the oils and greases"
that he sold acquired the name of being most satisfactory
lubricants. 'The demand thus created grew and continned.
Ihe merits of the various lubricants sold by the
Marine Oil Company being proven, the sales of the company
greatly increased. In like ratio was augmented the
opposition to Bannerot. Against the Marine Oil Com­
pany was waged that sort of commercial warfare in
which the tactics most resorted to are the circulation of
reports and price-cutting. Even for a business based on
the manufacture and sale of an article of well-recognized
value to be vigorously campaigned against is an ordeal
hard to endure. Bannerot not only held on, but actually
strengthened his position with the trade.
It is an old saving that "a poor cook will spoil the best
food." It is equally true that the manufacture of lubri­
cating oils call for not only the requisite materials and
appliances, but also for the services of experts and the
exercise of the greatest care. The admittedly high quality,
the uniform excellence of the lubricating oils made
by the Marine Oil Company is due to the "Premium
Pennsylvania Crude" used in the making, to the honest
methods employed and to the further fact that every
process and feature of the business is thoroughly super­
vised by practical, experienced and competent men. Air.
Bannerot spares neither pains nor expense to insure to
the trade that all the lubricants marketed by the Marine
Oil Company are first-class, high-grade goods. To his
rigid adherence to this rule is largely attributed the unbroken
success of the company.
The refinery of the Marine Oil Company is established
at Warren, Pennsylvania. 'The office and compounding
works of the concern are conveniently located
at 1805-1807 Beaver Street, Allegheny. At the refinery
and in the compounding works are facilities, appointments
that are complete and up to date. The employees
..f the company at present number thirty-five.
Customers of the company usually send in "pretty
good-sized" orders. Selling as it does its products in
wholesale quantities, the Marine Oil Company as a rule
puts up no small packages, ddie various lubricants are
supplied to the trade in half-barrels, barrels and tank
cars.
Thirty-five years of uninterrupted activity in the oil
business have enabled Mr. Bannerot to gain technical
knowledge, practical information of the greatest value
and utility. So far as pertains to the manufacture of
lubricants he is looked up to as a recognized authority.
Yet in these days of research and scientific discovery, of
unceasing invention and multiplied application of power,
he who undertakes to provide that which is best adapted
to "ml the wheels of industry" has a task that taxes the
resources of experience and science. To the uninitiated
there is but little significance in a dab of axle grease, and
those not educated in such matters perceive with difficult}-
or not at all the considerable differences that exist
in various samples of machine oil. In the stress of
strenuous and unmitigated competition it devolves upon
the manufacturer to explain and prove exactly how and
why, for a specified purpose, the use of this or that
formula is advantageous or otherwise.
Compared with the expense and risk incurred, the

11 E S T O R Y ( ) P I T U K G 1 253
profits, if any, accruing to the manufacturer of lubricat­
ing oils, who is not associated with the trust, are relatively
small. Air. Bannerot's expansion of his original
$250 into 8250,000 in 25 years of effort was not brought
about by obtaining inordinate profits. On the contrary, it
occurred because he sold Al g Is so reasonably as to
be able to retain and increase his trade. What he made
was again judiciously invested in such ways as would
secure the betterment, if possible, of his products and
make practicable an enlarged and yet larger output. Extended
and reinforced by the accretions of each succeeding
year, the business of the Marine Oil Company eventually
attained its present size and substantiality.
Naturally the company looks to the numerous manufacturing
concerns of the Pittsburgh district for a large
portion of its support. 'The expectation, which has been
justilied of securing considerable patronage from steamboat
owners, suggested the name of the Marine Oil Company.
But the business of the company is far from being
entirely local. Its trade extends to all parts of the
United States, and its exports to foreign countries arcitems
of importance.
THE MARS OIL & GAS CO.—Persistence guided
by business sagacity gets ahead. Industry and g 1
judgment aided by luck form aii invincible combination.
The Alars Oil & Gas Co. is an illustration of how a
well-manage.1 business has prospered and grown.
In 1895 it started out with a string of tools to drill
oil wells. Its subsequent history shows that those who
are unwearied in well-doing receive rich rewards.
In the beginning, though called the Alars Drilling
Company,' the organization was unincorporated, hi it
but three men were interested. 'They were W. J. Burke,
T. M. Barnsdall and A. H. Lewis. Successful in its first
contract, the firm, month after month, day by dav, drilled
away methodically. 'Throughout the district it made a
record for expeditious and satisfactory work. Again
and again it enlarged its operations. In 1899 its work­
ing equipment was increased to twelve strings of tools.
'The luck of the company continued. Inspired by the success
it achieved in boring oil wells for others, the company
risked taking some oil leases on its own account.
'The leaseholds which the company acquired proved to
be verv valuable. Abundant proof of the good judgment
shown in securing the leases was supplied by the wells
which the company drilled on its own property. In
1905. when its wells were yielding 150 barrels a day, the
company was incorporated.
The Mars Oil & Gas Co. was organized under the
laws of the State of A\rest Virginia with a capitalization
of $100,000. The capital stock was divided into 4.000
shares, the par value of which was $25 per share.
So.ui after it was incorporated the company extended
its operations beyond the boundaries of Pennsylvania.
The practical knowledge of its officers and directors en­
abled the company to grasp favorable opportunities
presented in the oil fields of Illinois. Quickly the company
leased in Clark Count}- large tracts of oil land.
'This leasing turned out to be a most desirable invest­
ment. In Monroe County, Ohio, also the company secured
valuable leaseholds. Last, but not least, it obtained
leases and tapped oil in paying quantities in West Vir­
ginia.
Itemized by States, the acreage and present oil pro­
duction of the ompany is as follows:
In Pennsylvania it has under lease 300 acres on which
are four wells yielding 30 barrels a dav.
In Ohio the area of its field is 1.000 acres, only 300
acres of which have been touched so far; on the developed
tract are 20 wells producing daily 100 barrels.
In Illinois the company has leased 9,000 acres; on
the 3,000 acres that have been operated upon up to date
are 110 wells delivering oil at the rate of 1,000 barrels
daily.
In AA'est Virginia mi the 1,500 acres which the company
holds, work has just commenced; it is anticipated,
however, that further development in this section will
add greatly to the company's oil production. As vet
only a single well has been sunk there, but that mie is
proving to be a good producer.
The company now owns and keeps constantly employed
three large drilling machines, and eight strings of
tools. Its working force at present consists of about 150
men.
Besides its main office in Pittsburgh, the company
has opened district offices in Woodsfield, Ohio, and Casey,
Illinois.
'The three founders of the old Alars Drilling Company
are still actively connected with the affairs of its
successor; \\ . J. Burke is president of the company, and
T. AT Barnsdall and A. IT Lewis are mi the Board of
Directors. 'The other officers and directors of the com­
pany are- P. J. Kane. Vice-President, and AI. J. Gannon,
Secretary and 'Treasurer.
Aside frmn the success he has achieved in the oil
business, W. J. Burke, the president of the Mars Oil &
Gas Co.. has otherwise attracted favorable notice. An
..Id-time employee of the Pittsburgh and Western Railroad,
he still retains his membership in the Order of
Railway Conductors. In that organization he has served
as Grand 'Trustee, and is now on the General Grievance
Committee for the Baltimore eY. Ohio Railroad System.
In the early days of the oil excitement in Butler Countv,
Burke divided his time between railroading and endeavoring-
to gain experience and other remuneration in the
exploitation of petroleum. His well-considered ventures
succeeded; through his investments he acquired "quite
a bit" of valuable oil property. 'Though he has enough
now to be accounted a capitalist, Burke continues to
be prominent in the labor organizations of Allegheny
Cmmtv. in which he is much respected.

2^4 O R Y O F S B U R G H
In July. [906, was authorized an increase of the capital
stock of the Alars ()il & (ias Co. to $500,000; of this
amount only $390,000 was issued, the remaining $140.-
000 being retained in the treasury of the ompany.
Loth industrially and financially the company has
made a g 1 record. Its work has been done advantageously,
the excellent success which attended the opening
up of its various oil tracts bids fair to be increased
and continued. Even though it does not add to its holdings
the Alars Oil & Gas Co. apparently has enough in
sight now to keep it busy and prosperous for years.
THE MONONGAHELA NATURAL GAS COM­
PANY—Not only the cost, but the value of fuel must
be considered in successful
manufacturing. X a t u r a 1
gas, cheaply obtained, is
susceptible of very advantageous
utilization. A po­
tential contribution t.. the
success ..f a number of
large industrial enterprises
in Pittsburgh is the fuel
supply obtained from the
pipes of the Monongahela
Natural (las Company.
In Allegheny and Washington
Counties, Pennsylvania,
a n .1 i n AI a rion
County, AA'est Virginia, the
Monongahela Natural Gas
Company out mis a large
acreage, and its aggregate
gas production, piped to
Pittsburgh, supplies abundantly
the ever-flaming fires
of the works of the Oliver
Irmi eY Steel Co.. and various
other mills and factories
in this city. It has
profitably operated for il
and gas since 1889, vet now-
included in its reserve holdings are considerable tracts of
the best gas territory adjacent to Pittsburgh. In sinking
new wells, and in looking after its pumping operations.
the company employs 100 men. It is capitalized at $1,-
000,000.
'The officers of the Monongahela Natural Gas Company
are: Henry Oliver, President; T. P.. Foley, 'Treasurer
and General Manager, and John Jenkins, Secretary.
'The directors of the corporation are: George T. Oliver,
Henry R. Rea. Henry Oliver, John ('. Oliver and T. B.
Foley.
Managed judiciously, operated conservatively, this
valuable property, for vears to come, will be one of Pittsburgh's
most available sources of fuel supply, 'Though
JOHN V. SLOAN
certain of the oil and gas fields in the Pittsburgh district
apparently are either partially or completely worked out,
of the undeveloped and inexhausted territory enough
remains to postpone the cessation of Pittsburgh's natural
gas supply to the somewhat distant future.
|( )HX AI. PA'ITLRSON—In the tips and downs of
the oil business in Pennsylvania, from the time of Drake's
discovery to the present day, have been fluctuations
greater than those in prices. Some operators have been,
through no fault of their own, unfortunate, a few, without
any special exertion on their part, were extremely
lucky. But in the main, in transactions in oil as in other
commodities, the men who achieved success were the
ones who deserved it. Not
to the visional-}-, nor vet to
the stickler does success
ome most frequently. Even
though his bank account be
something less than the sum
that the multimillionaire is
popularly supposed to keep
on deposit, even though his
holdings do not embrace
controlling interests in the
largest corporations, he is a
fortunate man who can look
back over his business struggles
and say, "Well, anyway
I did the best that I could."
Of men in the oil business,
some would say that success
is a question of opportunity
ami application rather than
of ethics. Yet it is indisputable,
after all, that the
men who in the best sense
are mi .st successful, the ones
who are really looked up to
and respected are those win.
managed their affairs with
skill and ability, who were
energetic, resourceful and persevering, who in the face of
adversity were cheerful, courageous and unintimidated.
In this class of successful men may be placed, most appropriately,
John M. Patterson, the Secretary of the
Imperial Oil Company.
JOHN VINCENT SLOAN—John Vincent Sloan is
director of the Etna Indemnity Company of Hartford,
Connecticut, president of the New York ex: Pittsburgh
Coal Co., and vice-president of the San 'Toy Mining
Company. He was born June 30, 1864, at Stellacoom,
Washington. His father was the Rev. George W. Sloan.
a Presbyterian minister; his mother, R. M. Cokrain, of
Pittsburgh. He comes of an old pioneer family, his

T H E S T O R Y O F P I T T S B U R G B z5i
great-grandfather, Captain John Sloan, having settled on secretary and treasurer. 'The company was establis
the site of Latrobe after serving eight years in the War May, [902, with authorized capital ol 88,000,000, and
of the Revolution. He was captain of a company of issued $7,000,000; it has no bonds.
"Rangers" in the later troubles with the Indians in the About ten years ago M. C. 'Treat and George W.
vicinity of Fort Duquesne and Hannahstown, Pa. His Craw ford, of the firm of 'Treat & Crawford, organized
home farm is now partially covered by the town of La- the Corning Natural (ias Company at < orning, Ohio.
trobe, the stone house and barn, yet standing, were built Shortly afterwards thev organized the Nelsonville Natover
one hundred vears ago. His grandfather, the II.m. ural (las Company, United Natural (ias < ompany, Alt.
John Sloan of Clarion County, represented Armstrong Vernon Natural (ias Company, Roseville & ( rooksville
and Venango Counties before Clarion County was sep- Natural Gas Co., and the Bremen & Rushville Natural
arate.l. (las Co. 'Thev were merged into the Ohio Fuel Supply
John Vincent Sloan was educated at Harvard Col- Company, which purchased the Great Southern Oil & Gas
lege, and was a member of the class of [890. At first Co. of Zanesville, and the Federal (ias & Fuel ( o. of
he followed the profession of teaching, then he returned Columbus, Ohio. Large lie-Ids in Knox and Licking
to Washington in 1880 and engaged in mining and other ('.unities were acquired and lined to Zanesville. ( olumbus,
pursuits, later becoming associated with F. Augustus and an eighteenth line to ( incinnati was laid.
Heinze, of Butte. Montana, in the United Copper Com- Fayette County Gas Company—'The Fayette
pany, placing the shares and listing the stocks in Pitts- County (ias Company has a fine block ol gas territory
burgh. Ah\ Sloan was also in the original purchase and in Marion, Lewi's, Harrison and Monongahela Counties,
subsequent development of the San Toy Mining Com- West Virginia, also in Fayette and Greene Counties,
pany of Chihuahua, Alexio. Pennsylvania.
lie was married March 4, 1886, to Emma James. It supplies Uniontown. Connellsville, Scottdale, Alt.
daughter of Doctor and Airs. J. W. James, of Brady's Pleasant, Youngw 1. Dawson and Dunbar.
Bend, Pa. 'Thev have three children: Genevieve K. "The company is organized for the producing, trans-
Sloan, George James Sloan and John Sloan, Jr. porting and selling of natural gas. and is capitalized as
Air. Sloan's clubs are the Pittsburgh Country Club, follows: AA'est Virginia corporation, 81,000.000; out-
Pittsburgh Press Club. Masonic Club, Harvard Club, standing bonds. $100,000; pays monthly dividends at
New York, and City Club. rate of 6 per cent, per annum. Par value of stock, 100;
market price, 07 1.1 98.
THE TREAT AND CRAWFORD INTERESTS 'The company was established in 1000 with officers
—'The 'Treat and Crawford Interests was organized as as follows: George W. Crawford, president; |. AT
producers of crude oil in [900. The officers of the com- Garard, vice-president; IT ('. Reeser, secretary and treaspany
are George W. Crawford, president; J. AT Garard, urer. The directors are AT E. 'Treat. George W. ('rawvice-president;
II. C. Reeser, secretary and treasurer. ford. John W. Donnan, John E. Gill and |. C. AIc-
Directors are AT C. "Treat, George W. Crawford. J. AT Dowell. Offices are at 2017 Farmers' Bank Building,
Garard, John Kinkaid. Pittsburgh, and at Uniontown, Connellsville, Sottdale
'The company is capitalized at $316,400 under the and Alt. Pleasant.
laws of West Virginia. It has no bonds and no debts. The Southern Ohio Gas Company—The South-
The company sold its production several years ago, ern Ohio (ias Company is an Ohio corporation for the
and is now milv operating in a small way. production, transportation and selling of natural gas. It
'The offices are at 2017 Farmers' Bank Building, is capitalized at $300,000 with no bonds, and pays quar-
Pittsburgh, Pa. It was one of the earliest companies in terly dividends at the rate of 6 per cent.
the production of crude oil, and the forerunner of many Its gas field is in Vinton and Jackson Counties, Ohio,
which have interested its officers. and supplies Wellston, Hamden, Ale.Arthur, Glen Boy
Ohio Fuel Supply Company—The Ohio Fuel Sup- and Jackson. Ohio.
ply Company, which has offices at 2017 Farmers' Bank 'The par value of the stock is 825, market price, $30.
Building, Pittsburgh, and branches at Uniontown, Con- Its offices are at 2017 Farmers' Bank Building, Pittsnellsyille,
Sottdale and Mount Pleasant, Pa., is a or- burgh, and at Wellston and Jackson, Ohio.
poration owning large natural gas fields in Knox and 'The company was established in 1904. and its offi-
Licking Counties, Ohio, and possessing a reserve field cers are: George W. Crawford, president; |. AI. Garard,
in AA'est Virginia of over 100,000 acres of developed vice-president; H. C. Reeser, secretary and treasurer, and
product. It supplies about 75 towns and villages in Ohio. J. B. Wickoff, assistant secretary and treasurer. 'The
The officers and directors are all practical gas men. directors are: AI. C. 'Treat, George AA". Crawford, IT. C.
'Thev are George AA'. Crawford, president; F. AAT. Craw- Reeser. F. AA". Crawford. J. AT Garard, E. AT 'Treat and
fm-.l, vice-president; J. AI. Garard, vice-president; H. C. O. C. Hagan.
Reeser. secretary and treasurer; J. B. Wickoff, assistant United Till Gas Company—'The United Fuel < las

2 DO II E S T 0 Y O F T T S U R G' H
Company, which has recently been organized by well
known men in the natural gas business, has for its officers
George AA'. Crawford, president; F. A\r. Crawford,
vice-president; J. M. Garard, vice-president; H. C.
Reeser, secretary and treasurer, and J. B. Wickoff, assistant
secretary and treasurer. That it will soon be a
factor of importance in the Pittsburgh and Ohio districts
is palpably evident.
UNION NATURAL GAS CORPORATION—The
sixth annual report of Union Natural Gas Corporation.
Farmers' Bank Building, is as follows:
Pittsburgh, Pa., February n, 1908.
To the stockholders:
'The Board of Directors herewith submit their report
for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1907:
Since the last annual report your company, through
its underlying companies, has acquired 52,446.48 acres
of new oil and gas leases, and surrendered 41,248.25
acres that have proven unproductive, and now holds
237>4IT-33 acres, an increase during the year of 11,-
198.23 acres. In addition to the above, your company
owns one-half interest in 55,801.14 acres in AVest Virginia
through its ownership in stock of the Reserve Gas
Company.
During the year your company has purchased 4 gas
wells, and drilled 118 wells, of which 105 were gas
wells, and 13 were unproductive, and now has a total
of 4 m'l wells in Ohio; 489 gas wells in Ohio and Pennsylvania,
and through its ownership of stock in the Reserve
Gas Company, one-half interest in 113 wells in
West Virginia. The wells completed in the Ohio field
during the year have an open-flow daily capacity exceeding-
225,000,000 cubic feet, which is in excess of the
amount of new development in anv year since the organization
of your company. 'The increased number of
non-productive wells over previous vears is largely due
to the testing of undeveloped territory, in view of determining
its character and surrendering leases wherever
the development seemed to justify it. This policy-
has also resulted in our having developed many productive
wells in excess of our immediate requirements,
in consequence it is anticipated that our drilling expense
for the coming year will be materially reduced.
'There were laid in field lines, 56.73 miles; in extensions
in cities and towns, 6 miles, a total of 62.73 miles
of pipe. No main lines were laid during the year.
Two additional units, of 1,000 H.-P. each, were installed
in the Bangs compressing- station, which is now
complete with the most modern type of equipment and
of sufficient capacity to meet all requirements.
Increase in number of consumers during 1907:
Domestic 6,063
Special -0
Total increase 6,1 -. -,
Number of consumers as of Dec. 31, 1907:
Domestic 80,588
Special 2,014
Total 82,602
No new distributing plants were installed during the
year.
Statements of the financial condition of the company
are submitted herewith.
T. N. Barnsdall,
President Board of Directors.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT FOR YEAR 1907.
Gross Earnings : (Gas, Electricity, Etc.) $3,658,090.19
Less : Gas Purchased 436,502.24
$3,221,587.95
Less : Operating Expenses, Including Taxes, Rentals,
Royalties and Drilling of 122 Wells I.I43.635-57
X'kt Income from Operations $2,077,952.38
Less: Interest on Funded and Current Debt $268,079.14
Less : Dividends paid in 1907, "Union" Corporation
(10% on $9,000,000.00) 900,000.00
1,168,079.14
Net to Sunr-Lus: For year 1907. $909,873.24
CONSOLIDATED SUPPLEMENTAL AND FINAL BALANCE
SHEET, DECEMBER 31, 1907.
I'R. CR.
Assets : Investment $16,281,601.59
Liabilities : Accounts Payable Less
Accounts Receivable, Cash, Etc... $459,224.63
Bonus: "Union" $2,700,000.00
Underlying Companies
( See Note ) . . 902,000.00
3,602,000.00
Capital Stock: (90,000 shares) 9,000,000.00
Surplus to 1905 $1,226,014.82
Surplus in 1905 448,537.38
Surplus in 1906
Surplus in 1907
635,951.52
909,873.24
3,220,376.96
Total Liabilities
Note :—The bonds of the Underly­
$16,281,601.59 $16,281,601.59
ing Companies run from fifteen (15)
to twenty-live (2-,) years and arcmi
istly 5% bonds.
Earnings for January.
1908 ( Approx.) $425,000.00
Earnings for February,
1908 (Approx.) 465,000.00
•
Expenses for January and February,
$890,000.00
including Bond Interest and Gas
Purchased (Approx.)
Approximate Net Earnings for January
290,000.00
and February, 1908 $600,000.00
Dividend paid in January 225,000.00
The underlying companies are supplying $375,000.00 through
their own distributing systems gas to Bradford and
AA'arren in Pennsylvania, and the following towns in
Ohio: Athens, Ashland, Adelpha, Bellevue, Bucyrus,

T I S T O R Y 0 F s 1 R G I 25
Carey, Cardington, Centerburg, Chicago, Chillicothe,
Circleville, Clyde, Crestline, Clearport, Elyria, Findlay,
Fostoria, Fremont. Galion, Galena, Ilallsville, Homer,
Hebron, Kingston, Lorain, Laurelville, Logan, Marion,
Mansfield, Millersport, Monroeville, Alt. Gilead, Newark,
Norwalk, .North Amherst, Plymouth, Rock Bridge,
Stoutsville, Shelby, Sugar Grove, Sunberry, Thornville,
Tiffin, Upper Sandusky, Westerville, Utica.
They are also delivering at the city limits and supplying
gas on a favorable percentage basis, through distributing
systems owned by other companies, in Sandusky,
Delaware, Mt. Vernon, Nelsonville and Dayton,
Ohio.
Officers and directors for year [908—Directors:
T. N. Barnsdall. G. T. Braden. E. P. Whitcomb, H. Mc-
Sweeney, P. AA". Lupher, A. B. Baxter. W. AA". Splane,
II. J. Spuhler and Wm. L. Missimer. Officers: T. N.
Barnsdall, President; F. P. Whitcomb, Vice-President
and General Manager; \Xr. R. Hadley, Secretary and
Treasurer; Geo. R. Brink, Assistant Secretary and Treasurer.
Executive Board: T. N. Barnsdall, E. P. Whitcomb,
G. T. Braden.
THE WAVERLY OIL WORKS—The Waverly
Oil AA'orks was established in [880, S. M. Willock beingsole
proprietor. It is capitalized at $500,000. Thev are
independent refiners of Pennsylvania crude oil. making
a full line of products: gasoline, illuminating oils, lubricating
oils and paraffine wax. They have sixty-five employees.
The works and offices are located on the Allegheny
River at Fifty-fourth Street and 1!. & A. A'. Division
of the Pennsylvania Railroad. They have no branch
establishments.
They operate nine tank wagons for citv- trade, and
solicit all consuming trade within 125 miles of Pittsburgh.
Their jobbing trade extends over the entire United States
and Europe. Thev operate a line of tank cars.
The Waverly Oil Works refine 500 barrels of crudeoil
daily the year round. This has grown from their
original capacity of 80 barrels per day. They refine
nothing but high-priced Pennsylvania crude oil. It is
interesting to note that, although considered rather a
hazardous risk by insurance companies, they have had
only one fire in all the twenty-seven vears of opera-
ti. hi.
In 1880, when the plant was started, Pittsburgh was
an important center for independent refineries, and had
numerous plants of such character. To-day "Waverly"
is the only one left. The others went under on account
of Standard tactics and fierce competition incident to the
business, or were purchased by the Standard Oil Company.
The "Waverly" is the only oil refinery in the
United States operated by an individual, the others all
being operated by partnership or corporation.
It being impossible to compete with the Standard
( )il Company in price, the entire success of the "Waverly"
is due to the superior qualify of its products demanding
high prices.
S. AI. Willock, win> is the sole proprietor of the
Waverlv ()il Works, is of Scotch-Irish birth, coming of
an old Pittsburgh family. I lis father was burn on Third
Avenue, Pittsburgh, in 1N12. Mr. Willock at first followed
the profession of school teaching frmn [860 to
1862, then after various clerkships entered the iron busi­
ness in Ohio 1868 to [870. After several vears of oil
jobbing he became oil broker and secretary of the old
Pittsburgh (til Exchange 1S76 to 1NX0, when he established
the Waverlv Oil Works, which has claimed his
attention up to the present time.
Mr. Willock is vice-president of the National Petroleum
Association, which has led during the past few
years in the light against railroads and the Standard Oil
Company for fair rates and no rebates.
1"o improve Pittsburgh's conditions Mr. Willock
says: "Slackwater the Ohio to Cairo, build the canal
to the Great hakes and give us water transportation all
year t.. the Northwest, AA'est and Smith. AA'ith these improvements
Pittsburgh will be absolutely assured of retaining
her present relative position in the world for
another century."
LUBRICATING OIL
PETROLEUM S FAME AS A LUBRICANT NOW ONE OF ITS CHIEF
REASONS FOR SALE
Oil is commonly referred P> as the great illuminant,
but petroleum's fame, considering the great growth of
gas and electric lighting, would be a rapidly diminishing
mie were it not for a far wider and inexhaustible field of
demand. The fluid's largest sales come t.. it as lubricating
nil. ( )ne .if the advantages is that even when people
abandon illuminating oil, and take gas or electricity,
there still remains use fur nil—it must be used to lubricate
the machinery producing the other kinds of light.
Pittsburgh being a machinery district, it naturally follows
it is a great user of lubricating oil. However, the
lubricating nil is largely produced here and enjoys a
world-wide market, while Pittsburgh is continually making
machinery to extend its use. A number of concerns
in this vicinity, which deal exclusively in lubricating
nils or

258 S () A' O F
S U R G II
business is carried on at the Eclipse Lubricating Oil GALENA-SIGNAL OIL COMPANY—The Ga­
Works is indicated by the fact that the company uses lena-Signal Oil Company, whose principal office and
at least 10.000 barrels of crude oil daily. The "Eclipse
works are located at Franklin. Pa., was organized in
AA'.irks," with all their facilities, with all the labor-sav­ 1902 with a capital of $10,000,000. Its present general
ing appliances, keeps constantly busy upwards of 700 officers are: President, General Charles Miller; A;iceoperatives.
So manv as [50 different products in a .lav- President, |. S. Coffin; Secretary. J. French Miller;
are manufactured. Put through the various processes, Treasurer, E. II. Sibley; Chairman of the Board, Hon.
the millimis of barrels of crude oil which the company |oseph C. Sibley. Its business, the manufacture and sale
handles every year are productive of sales by the Eclipse of Galena nils for railroad use, extends to nearly all the
Lubricating
i^uiii icaiing
Oil
> )n
Works
vv.uks
to
i..
the
ine
extent
exient
of
.11
$1,000.000
,pi,uou,uuu
a
.......... •. ,..«. - -••
The ompany has
- 1 j
month, with a strong and constantly growing demand. two branch manufacturing plants in America, one located
E( LIPSE LUBRICATINI
Nowln iere are the various products of petroleum
manufactured 111..re scientifically or made with greater
care than by the Eclipse Lubricating ()il Works. Users
of lubricants, especially, not only in the United States,
but almost everywhere, have ascertained, after thorough
investigation and trial, that the lubricating nils and
greases manufactured and sold bv the Eclipse Lubricating
()il Works are preferable to all others. The United
States Navv, which certainly is a "stickler" for quality,
uses these lubricants almost exclusively, and this endorsement
by the Government needs no comment,
OIL
at Parkersburg, West Virginia, and the other at Toronto,
Canada.
din's present great enterprise dates its origin back to
[869 when General Miller and his partner, John Coon,
doing business under the firm name of Miller & Coon,
purchased a refinery at Franklin, Pa., known as the Point
L.ink.mt Works. It was located at Hnge's Point at the
mouth of French Creek, and its daily manufacturing
capacity was milv 100 barrels. A lew months later Air.
R. L. ( ochran was taken in as a partner, and the firm
name changed to Miller, Coon ex: Co. In January, 1870,

T II E S T O Y O F B U \< (i !5Q
Mr. Cochran retired and was succeeded by Air. R. H.
Austin, the firm name then becoming Miller, Austin
ev C..
In August of the same year, when all prospects were
favorable for a growing and profitable business, the partners
suffered the misfortune of having their plant entirely
destroyed by fire with a financial loss of approximately
$20,000. The old Dale refinery about one-hall
mile farther up the creek was at mice purchased and built
nver to suit the needs of the new owners. Within one
month after the fire Galena oils were again being manufactured
and offered f. ir
s a 1 e. Ihe additional
capital made necessary
by reason of the tire was
obtained by taking in another
partner. Air. II. B.
Plumer. The title was
then changed t< 1 that of
Galena Oil Works.
Seven vears later, in
[878, Messrs. Coon,
Austin ix Plumer dis­
posed ol their interests
to individuals connected
with the Standard ( >il
Company. Frmn [875
until [898 the business
was carried mi bv the
Galena ( >il \A'..rks. Ltd.,
when the title assumed
was that of (.alena ()il
('. impanv. A ci ins. Nidation
took place in 1902
with the Signal Oil Co.,
an allied corporation of
w Inch 11, in. Joseph C.
Siblev was president.
Ihe present Galena-Signal
Oil Company was
(I u 1 _v organized vv i t h
General Miller retained
as president. I 11 t h e
thirty-three vears which
had elapsed since he had
first planted the enterprise it had grown tn great
proportions.
Galena oils owe their popularity and extensive use to
the fact that thev are antiheating, have certain important
safety qualities, and, furthermore, that they are so
enriched bv various chemical compounds that they have
great supporting and wearing power, and can be s..
varied in their composition as to be adapted t< 1 every
grade and requirement of railroad service, and prove
equally satisfactory under all climatic conditions. A
noteworthy feature of the business is the employment of
MAJOR-GENERAL CHARLES MILLER
a large force of mechanical experts tn furnish tree tn
patrons their services in supervising the mis in actual
use and tn aid in securing the best possible results.
Of such proven excellence is the quality of the mis
that though the price per gallon is the same t.> all pur­
chasers, vet when previous reliable records are available
for pur]).ises of comparison, positive guaranties are
given tn customers that the ultimate net cost shall not
exceed a certain figure per thousand miles run. The
constituent parts of these nils have such properties that
thev effect a great saving in the wearing of the metals
mi which thev are used.
The perfect lubrication
produced by the nils
effects also a saving in
the amount of fuel required.
By reasi .11 1 if the
wearing qualities a 11 d
adaptability 1.1* their nils
as above set forth, the
Galena-Signal Oil Company
and its predecess.
.rs have in the thirtyeight
vears of their existence,
besides obviating
the delays tn traffic
previously caused bv hot
bearings and journals,
saved for their patrons
directly and indirectly
sums believed t. > aggregate
several millions of
dollars.
Sibley's Perfection
Valve ( )il. manufactured
by this ci mipany, was the
first successful cylinder
ml ever made frmn petroleum
stncks. It replaced
the higher-price.1
animal nils and greases
previously used. s. mie of
which caused immense
destructii .11 to s t e a m
chests.
Sibley's Perfection Signal Oil, also made bv this
ompanv, has been in use since [873, and is believed
for the purpose of railway lanterns t.. be unequaled in
the quality of light, safety and cold test. There has
never been known a case in which any accident occurred
owing tn its failure t< > do its work properly.
The Galena-Signal Oil Company has within the past
few years introduced Railway Safety Oil. which is
offered as immeasurably superior in its composition and
far safer than anything heretofore commonly in use for
switch stands, semaphores and headlights. It has greater

;6o II E S 0 R Y O F T S U G
ability to penetrate the darkness than any other oil, and and thriving business in dry goods. The fall in prices
in burning has the advantage of not encrusting the wick. was then so great as to equal all the profits and nearly
A most striking feature in connection with the his­ the whole of the capital invested.
tory of the company in the past three years has been the In 1869 the partners embarked in the manufacturing
introduction of its oils on electric lines, ddie number of and selling of Galena oils for railroad use. d'he follow­
such companies now using Galena oils on their equiping vear the works burned down, and Miller & Coon
ment is approximately 400. The same gratifying results found themselves liable for $32,000, while their assets
have followed the use of Galena oils on electric lines as amounted to only about $6,000. ddie outlook was dis-
mi steam roads, namely: more perfect lubrication and couraging in the extreme. Plucking up their courage
lower net cost of service. At several World Fairs and and determining to win at all hazards, they secured addi-
International Expositions medals and diplomas have by tional capital and purchased another building. They
scientific men been awarded to these oils, and they have completed the necessary alterations so that within one
by practical railroad men long been recognized in this month they were again putting Galena oils upon the
and foreign countries as the standard for efficiency, market. The management of affairs was always in the
safety and economy.
hands of General Miller. After 38 years of untiring-
Major-General Charles Miller, of Franklin. Pa., was work he has had the satisfaction not only of seeing these
born June 15, 1843, in Alsace, France, in the quaint little oils awarded many medals at World Fairs and Intervillage
of Oberhoffen, about fifteen miles distant from national Expositions, but what is more gratifying, to see
the famous city of Strasburg. His father. Chretien them recognized by practical railroad men throughout
Miller, of Huguenot an­
the United States and
cestry, was a man of
foreign countries as the
standard of excellence.
safety and economy.
much force of character,
as well as of great
physical vigor. In 1854
the family emigrated tn
the United States and
settled in Erie County,
New York, where the
father p u r c base d a
far 111, .. 11 vv h i c h he
passed quietly the remainder
.if his life.
Though in his early
years General Miller's
opportunities for education
were no better than
those of the average boy
PLANT ol-' GALENA-SIGNAL OIL COMPANY
of that peri. ..I who lived reunite frmn the higher
class nf schools, nevertheless such was his earnest de-
While many an able
man might consider it a
sufficient task to perform
the duties of presi­
dent of the Galena-Signal
Oil Company, General
Miller has a 1 s o
found time to take an
active part in the management
of manv other
g r e a t manufacturing
and commercial enterprises.
Out of upwards
of forty companies in
winch he is now a director may be mentioned the Railway
Steel Spring Company, American Steel Foundry Corn-
termination to improve himself that from the age of pany. and American Locomotive Company. Several of
thirteen, when he began to earn his own living, and on- Franklin's leading industries, which are widely known
tinning up tn the present day, he has zealously employed both at home and abroad, are either due to General Mil-
much of his leisure time in reading and studying the
must esteemed authors, with the result that few business
men have a more extensive knowledge of history
than he, or a wider outlook upon the world. His private
library is one of the largest and best selected of any in
11. irthwestern Pennsylvania.
He first began in business for himself as a country
merchant in 1864 in a little village in western New
York. His capital consisted of only a few hundred
dollars, which he had laboriously saved frmn his wages
as a clerk in a dry-goods store in Buffalo, ddie venture
proved a success, and in 1866 he disposed of his store
and located in Franklin, Pa., where in partnership with
John Coon, of Buffalo, he for three years did a large
lers initiative, or have been greatly aided by his advice
and financial assistance.
So packed has been General A Idler's life with business
activities that he has not felt that he could allow
himself the luxury of holding any public office which
would long take him away from the duties and responsibilities
that he had already assumed. Nevertheless he
has been the recipient nf many evidences of appreciation
and esteem. Only a few of these need here be stated.
He has served two terms as Mayor of Franklin, six
years as member of the State Board of Charities, one
term as Commander of the G. A. R. of Pennsylvania,
and over live years as Major-General of the National
Guard of the State. On account of his eminent services

T H E S () R A' () t s i; u r perati. ins.
In the plant in every
department is installed
the most approved machinery,
hi everv par­
ticular the equipment
represents not milv the
best construction, but
the attainment tn the
NA-SIGNAL oil. COMPANY
highest degree nf success
of the purpose for
which it was intended.
Beginning at the crude and the tar stills, where five 100-
horse-power boilers with automatic feeders are emplaced,
it is interesting t.. trace the crude ml and the tar through
the various processes nf clarification and segregation.
Step by step thev are transformed frmn liquids int..
vapors, frmn gases back again int.. liquids, then from the
liquids the snlids are precipitated, bv chemical and mechanical
action the work continues until finally are obtained
the finished products in form ranging frmn the
lightest naphtha down through the list nf illuminatingnils,
lubricants, neutrals and waxes tn the solid waxtailings
and coke.
Reduced t.. the last extremity the products of petroleum
are almost innumerable. Of the various specialties
..f the Pennsylvania Paraffine Works the most imp.
irtant are:
Superior water-white nil: 47'j-48 gravity; 150 fire
test; crystal water-white in color; prepared with spe­
cial care for family use; absolutely safe; as an illuminating
nil assuredl}- unsurpassed.

26: S ( ) R Y ( ) S B U G
Extra prime white oil; 47C-48 gravity; 120 lire-
test : water-white in color; a high-grade oil at a low price.
Stove gasoline; (18-70 gravity; deodorized; for use
111 vapor stoves, automobiles, gas engines, torches and
f. ir dry cleaning.
Deodorized naphtha; 60-62 gravity; for paints and
varnishes.
Steam-refined cylinder stocks: especially prepared
for locomotive and marine engine lubrication.
No. 1230. 600 flash; 230 vis.
No. 1190, 635 fire; 203 vis.
No. 1 [86, 625 tire; 102
vis.
No. 1150, 600 fire; 156
vis.
Pale and lemon neutrals;
No. 11, 600 flash; 230 vis.:
prepared especially for the
heaviest work on high-speed
engines, dynamos, gas engines,
t h r e a d-cutting machines,
ice machines, elevators
and the like. No. 2,
400 flash; 14(1 vis.; used for
general light lubrication,
steam separators, spindles
PLANT OF PENNSYLVAN
TITUSVII
and looms. No. 300. 360
Hash: used for light lubrication, fast running spindles.
looms, sewing machines, miner's nil, greases and adulte­
rations.
Red neutrals; No. 15. 430 flash; 230 vis.: used for
heaviest work mi high-speed enginc-s. dynamos and
thread-cutting. No. 4, 400 flash; [56 vis.; for cordageoil
and light lubrication.
In addition t

I
' . ....^--.CT^^^*^.''/
C O N T R A C T O R S A N D B U I L D E R S
The Up-to-date Enterprise of Pittsburgh's Contractors and
Builders Have Placed It in the Front Rank of American
Cities —Their Fame and Talents Extend to Other States
E N O R M O U S feats of construction like the
Pittsburgh terminal of the Pennsylvania
Railroad, giant bridges which are nowhere
exceeded for variety of pattern, acre upon
acre of mills and manufacturing plants larger than any
in their line in the world, cloud-piercing office buildings,
magnificent churches, noteworthy public buildings, mile
after mile of fine residences, and well-laid streets—such
is the contribution of Pittsburgh contractors and builders
to the greatness of Greater Pittsburgh and the Pittsburgh
district—that indefinitely marked center of the world's
industrial activity which embraces western Pennsylvania,
eastern Ohio and AA'est Virginia.
In a building way Pittsburgh's fame is only second
to its triumphs in the industrial world, besides this mammoth
scale of building, with few exceptions, has reflected
the genius of Pittsburgh's architects and the work­
manship of its native contractors.
Leaving out the Pittsburgh district, Pittsburgh as a
citv is fifth in the nation's municipalities in a building
way. d'he greater citv's greatest record as a builder in
one year, that of 1906, was the expenditure in the then
twin cities of Allegheny and Pittsburgh of $17,196,252
in new buildings or alterations or additions to old build­
ings. This put Pittsburgh in the front rank of American
cities and upon even terms with cities of considerably
greater area and population.
d'he property valuation of the consolidated cities at
the last official report is placed at $686,741,887. the
greater portion of which is in buildings which find no
rivals anywhere.
Works of construction or buildings that are of nation­
al moment are located in the Pittsburgh district, d'he
Pittsburgh terminal of the Pennsylvania Railroad is one
-'63
of the marvels. Built at a cost, inclusive of everything,
of $22,500,000. it is probably the most complete system
of handling freight in every direction that is in operation
on any railroad in the country. As Pittsburgh's tonnage
is the greatest of anv citv in the world, great terminal
facilities followed naturally as a matter of necessity. The
Pittsburgh terminal includes the enormous classification
yards at Pitcairn. the Brinton and Brilliant cutoffs, systems
of elevated railways in both Pittsburgh and the
old citv of Allegheny, the Ohio connecting bridge and
enormous freight distributing facilities in Pittsburgh at
the junction of the Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers.
In the citv of Pittsburgh there is Architect Richardson's
masterpiece, the Countv Court-House, an architectural
gem of national fame; the Prick Building, built
almost entirely of marble at a cost of nearly $4,000,000,
and considered the most expensive office building in the
world; the Carnegie Institute, considerably greater in
area than the Capitol at Washington, and the greatest of
buildings in all of the Carnegie benefactions: the 24-storv
Farmers' Bank Building, and innumerable others of
architectural magnificence or of Herculean massiveness.
AA'ith such opportunities at hand, it is not strange
that the result has been the building up of great contracting
firms, and such has been the fame of these that
many have blazed the trails of activities, lending their
genius to other cities in the United States and in Europe,
where the Pittsburgh trade-mark might be found upon in­
numerable buildings. The march of progress has taken
structural work out of the hand of the old-time contractor
as an exclusive proposition, and the incessant demand
for special work has implanted the specialist in the building
line as firmly as in other lines of endeavor. Instead
of the general contractor, whose work was to dig out a

264 T II E s () R A" ( ) S U R G H
cellar and superintend the laying of two or three stories
of brick, accompanied by plastering, lathing and some
carpenter work, the new era demands specialists in elec­
trical and steam-heating contracting, fireproofing, sanita­
tion, interim- decoration, special panelling and flooring,
and a score of more side issues. And in all these, as
Pittsburgh's fame as a builder will attest, Pittsburghers
have kept step with the drum major of progress.
Electric-lighted, steam-heated, fire-proof, richly decorated,
comfortable and convenient office buildings, apartment
houses or lunnes of to-day in Greater Pittsburgh
are as different from their counterpart of a quarter ol a
centurv ago as the American armada nf steel battleships
which sailed for the Pacific is different from the Spanish
armada of the days of
knee breeches, knightly
chivalry, and human oppressi.
in. Pittsburghers
as builders of homes for
business and the family
are unexcelled anywhere.
Pittsburgh's sky-scrapers,
like the Farmers' Bank
Building, 24 stories high,
and measuring 524 feet
frmn curb to roof; the
Frick Building, 21 stories
high and 315 feet from
street curb to roof; the
twin Union X atimi a 1
Bank and Commonwealth
buildings, 21 and 20
stories high, respectively,
not to mention innumerable
high buildings in the
business section of the
city, compare favorably
with those anywhere.
Pittsburgh homes and
churches have few equals
in variety of .1 e s i g n,
quantity and excellence.
Pittsburgh street improvements have kept pace with the
growth of the merged cities. There are 451 miles of
paved streets in the greater municipality, and the North-
side had a reord, when the separate city of Allegheny,
oi having more asphalt paving of any city its size in the
United States.
However, the Aladdin-like building operations of today
had a very small beginning. It was not until 1870
that the citv's building importance was recognized suffi­
ciently to give it the luxury of a building inspector, and
it was not until 1804 that Allegheny followed suit in this
respect. Robert Reed was the first building inspector,
then came Sam Waughter and J. C. Brown, anil, in [896,
Pittsburgh councils made the inspectorship a bureau.
FIFTH AVENUE WEST FROM GRAN1
and |. A. A. Brown, son of the former inspector, and
now secretary of the Builders' Exchange League, became
the first superintendent.
The first "sky-scrapers" in the city were the twin
Schmidt and Hamilton buildings mi Fifth Avenue, each
towering to the then wonderful height of eight stories.
The elder Brown liked to tell, in after-years, of his
efforts to make some property owners see the future of
the citv as he saw it. AA'hen they came for their permits
for three and four-story buildings, built in the heart of
what is now the business section, he used to urge them to
"provide foundations strong enough to put two or three
stories on after a while." His advice frequently was dis­
dained by men building on property now occupied by
great structures fifteen
and more stories above
the incessant r 0 a r 0 f
crowded thoroughfares.
For nothing is Pittsburgh
more famous than
for its g r a n .1 edifices.
St. Paul's Catholic Cathedral,
t h e newest of
these, located at Fifth
Avenue and Craig Street,
is no more admired by
visitors than such church
buildings as those occupied
by the First Pres-
1 ivterian Congregation.
Sixth Avenue near AVood
Street; Church of the
Epiphany, or temporary
cathedra!; the new R< >-
deph Shalom Jewish Syn-
JljS.-: agogue; the famous old
Trinity in Sixth Avenue,
and others which could
be mentioned without
number. Among the el­
egant edifices in and about
the citv are some beautitul
examples of architecture as well as evidence nf money
liberally but tastefully expended.
Another kind nf Pittsburgh contractor not quite so
picturesque, but equally as successful, and engaged in a
work 1 >f great utility, is the one who has devoted his at­
tentions tn street and sewer improvements. A number of
such contractors have spent a lifetime in this work.
Asphalt, blockstone, cobble, irregular cobble and macad­
am everywhere show how street improvement has kept
hard at the heels of Pittsburgh progress in other direc­
tions. Millions of dollars have been spent in this work,
at the rate of $2 a square yard for asphalt paving, and
$2.30 a square yard for blockstone.
\A hen to these achievements is added the information

T II E S r < • R a' < i 1' I T U R >65
that there is nearly $10,000,000 invested in public schools,
and over $53,000,000 in public buildings of all kinds,
Greater Pittsburgh will be seen to have been a busy
builder.
BOOTH & FLINN, LTD.—The firm of Booth &
Flinn, Ltd., of which the Hon. Wm. Flinn is chairman,
and his son George II. Flinn, secretary and treasurer,
was established in 1893. As everybody knows it is engaged
in general contracting of all kinds, and manv oi
the largest undertakings ever successfully carried out in
the history of constructive work about Pittsburgh are
placed to its credit. Its class of work was for some
vears confined chiefly to street paving, but now. in addition
to its.original scope, it builds railways and bores
tunnels through mountains as easily as in earlier .lavs
it paved an ordinary street.
As now constituted, this firm employs 2,500 men, has
a capital of $750,000, and a surplus of $4,500,000. Its
most daring undertaking and most successful achievement
was the recent construction of the Mt. Washington
tunnel, which created a new residence district for Pittsburgh
in which thousands of workers in the citv have
found homes but fifteen or twenty minutes frmn the
business center. This achievement practically, and in
very fact, created new towns, and while the members of
this firm were not in the tunnel-boring business for their
health, the residents back of the southside hilltops arcready
to rise up and call them blessed.
Air. Flinn has been a power in politics as well as in
business affairs for many years, a fact which makes interesting
a brief sketch of his career. He was born at
Manchester, England, May 2(1, 1851. His parents came
to this country the same year and settled in Pittsburgh,
where he has resided ever since. He received a commonschool
education and learned the trade of brass finisher
and gas fitter, and later became a member of Booth &
Flinn. In 1877 be was appointed to the board of lire
commissioners, and in 1879 and 1881 was a member of
the legislature. He was an influential delegate to the Republican
National Conventions each presidential year
frmn 1884 tn 11,104 inclusive. He was elected tn the
State Senate in [890 and in 181^4, serving eight years
and declining further election.
While at Harrisburg, Air. Flinn was a most important
factor in legislation. He was the author nf the
fain.ms "good-roads law," which is doing so much for
the State. At a recent convention of representatives of
third-class cities Air. Flinn made an address which was
referred t by the press under the caption, "Delegates
Cheer His Road Plan," as follows:
"Tax corporations sufficiently to pn .vide enough
money t build g 1 roads," was the text of the speech
of former Senator William flinn before the convention
of officials of third-class cities at McKeesport yesterday
morning. The speech was the sensation ol the conven­
tion and was listened to with interest by the delegates.
Air. Plum's set subject was "Necessary Municipal Improvements."
d'he Senator stuck t his text almost t..
its conclusion, and then made his declaration for a mad
tax 1 hi c >rp. .rati. ins.
The linn's offices are at 1042 Forbes Street.
BRADNOCK & BARGER—This firm is composed
nf Martin Bradnock and Prank Barger. Thev formed a
partnership some vears ago for doing a general business
in structural steel or in .11 work, and have been very successful
from the start owing t their practical knowledge
and experience in all phases of the business. Their
contracts include the erection of steel-frame buildings,
bridges, etc.. specimens commending their skill being-
seen in van'..us parts t the country.
This firm being composed of thoroughly practical
men. 11.me but the most careful and skillful structural
steel workers are employed, and confidence in their employees
gives them confidence in bidding mi important
contracts. About fifty skilled workmen are regularly
engaged in their work.
Ihe linn ..f Messrs. Bradnock & Barger affords a
good example nf what energy, pluck, enterprise and thorough
familiarity with details will accomplish when backed
up bv a clean record. Thev allow their work tn speak
for itself. The office of the firm is 218 Lewis Block at
Sixth Avenue and Smithfield Street, Pittsburgh.
Air. lira.block is also an oil producer, being a member
of the Flick Brother Oil Company. He was born
in ('ana.la in 1867, but came t.. the United States in
early boyhood. He has served a term in council as a
Republican.
Air. Barger has had extensive experience in structural
work of all kinds. He was with the Edgemore
Bridge Company for ten years, and for different periods
with the Geo. A. Puller Company, the Pennsylvania
Steel Company, and in business for himself before joining
Air. Bradnock.
THE DRAVO CONTRACTING COAIPANY—
Hie various advantages accruing to Pittsburgh because
of the improvements made in the Ohio, Monongahela
and Allegheny Rivers are well known. To the Dravo
Contracting Company, Lewis Block, especially is due all
the credit and recognition that mav be accorded properly
for the successful execution of different government contracts.
Undertakings requiring years tn complete, which the
Dravo Contracting Company has in a most excellent manner
accomplished, were the contracts for:
Lock No. 2 mi the Monongahela River.
hock No. 3 mi the Monongahela River.
Lock No. 2 mi the Allegheny River.
Back Channel Dam. Ohio River Dam.
N... =; . >n the Ohio River.

266 T o R V () F S U R G H
The work of building these locks and dams involved
excavations of great quantities of earth and rock, and
the erection of flood-resisting walls of concrete. To restrain
a river in flood time requires structures of tremendous
strength. Not only in the vicinity of Pittsburgh
are seen the works of the Dravo Contracting Company.
In the mighty Mississippi, at Abilene, is a great lockerected
by the company. To win the approval of the
government engineers, who supervise with jealous care
the installation ..f river improvements, a contractor
needs must most rigidly adhere to the specified requirements.
Bv those in a position to know it is said that the
restraining structures built bv the Dravo Contracting
Company accomplish even more than the contract calls
for; the prestige gained through the work mi the Ohio.
Monongahela. Allegheny and Mississippi Rivers was
largely instrumental in securing for the Dravo Company,
recently, government contracts for the erection of two
locks and dams in the I'.lack Warrior River in Alabama.
JOHN EICHLEAY, Jr., COA1PANA'—The raising
and moving of buildings, either for the grading of streets,
or for building additional stories, and the furnishing of
the structural steel for reconstruction has become an enterprise
ably carried on by the John Eichleay, Jr., Com­
pany.
The steel department makes a specialty of furnishing
plain beams, channels, angles and plates, flat and round
bars, the same day as ordered. It keeps a large stock,
and has a high-speed cold-saw and large shears for
prompt work.
The company has accomplished several notable feats,
such as moving a double two-story building across the
Allegheny River, and moving the brick mansion of the
late Captain S. S. Brown up the hillside at Brown's Station.
The business was founded by John Eichleay, Ir., as
carpenter and contractor in 1875. He began moving
buildings in 1888, added the steel department in 1899,
and incorporated the present company in 1902. The
members of this Pennsylvania corporation are: John
Eichleay, president; John P. Eichleay, vice-president
(also directors); Walter B. Eichleay, secretary and
treasurer; William J. Herbster, assistant secretary, and
Harry C. Eichleay, manager.
d'he company is capitalized at $125,000; net worth,
$280,000. Its office is at the font nf Smith Twentieth
Street. Pittsburgh, with branch office at 424 Fourth
Avenue. The works are along the Pennsylvania Railroad,
between Smith Nineteenth and Twenty-second
Streets, The company employs 550 men.
THE FERGUSON CONTRACTING COMPANY
—The Ferguson Contracting Company was originally
organized in 18(14 under the Illinois State law with a
capital of $50,000. In 1899 it became a New York cor­
poration, its capital having been increased from time to
time as the business grew and expanded, until now its
capital and surplus amount to $500,000, with undivided
profits of $197,000. The company's office is in the Key­
stone Building.
In 1897-98 this firm built parts of the Pittsburgh,
Buffalo & Pake Erie into Pittsburgh. It also contracted
for and built the Wabash-Pittsburgh terminal, the Mt.
Washington tunnel, which, with other parts of the line,
involved an expenditure of two million dollars. It has
also built parts of the W^est Side Belt Railroad, the Pittsburgh
& Butler Electric Line, and various contracts on
the P. R. R. and the B. & 0. R. R. in the vicinity of
Pittsburgh. It is now building an extension for the Lake
Shore from Franklin, Pa., eastward, also parts of the
Erie R. R. cut-offs and low-grade line, and a section of
the Barge Canal improvement for the State of New-
York, ddie Lake Shore contract involves about $3,-
000,000.
Bv the superiority of its work, its promptness in completing
contracts, its reputation of never having abandoned
a contract no matter how disastrous financially,
these virtues combined with its thorough up-to-date methods
and machinery have placed the firm in its present
standing, that of the leading railroad contracting firm
of the community.
Francis AI. Ferguson is the president of the company.
If there is one trait that predominates in his
many-sided personality it is his ability to lav out and
build great works and carve a fortune from almost nothing
except his own native ability. He is at once a great
manager and a great financier, of genial and broadgauged
nature, who has ascended step by step through
successive years of toil and unceasing endeavor to the
very top of his profession. Although still in his prime,
Air. Ferguson has seen some twentv-six vears of active
railroad contracting in all its various phases, and these
years mav be given as the space of time in which he
started the practical work and made his way to his present
position as president of the Ferguson Contracting
Company.
A. L. Richardson, the secretary and treasurer of the
company, is a young business man full of push and
energy, whose experience in railroad construction, purchased
by a strenuous apprenticeship to the business in
the West and in Mexico, has especially fitted him to
become one of the coterie of controllers of this company.
He was one of the first to see and take advantage of the
business opportunity in real estate when the Pennsylvania
Railroad tracks were ordered removed from Liberty
Street, making some profitable investments at that time.
He has been a resident of this city since 1902, and in that
tune has become identified with many Pittsburgh business
interests, being the owner of the Hotel Lincoln, and a
director in a number of banks and trust companies. The
company's New York office is at 7,-j AVall Street.

s () R Y ( ) S rj r o n 267
THE T. A. GILLESPIE COMPANY—In its special
line, the T. A. Gillespie Company, Westinghouse
Building, is one of the largest and best equipped engineering
and contracting corporations in the United States.
d'he contracts it has executed successfully for the United
States Government, for various municipalities and for
numerous public service corporations, have made the T.
A. Gillespie Company well and favorably known throughout
the entire country.
In the past seven years the company has built for the
government five locks and dams mi the Ohio and Mo­
nongahela Rivers. When it was proposed to build the
Panama Canal by contract, and bids were invited, the
T. A. Gillespie Company by
reason of its financial and
other resources, and because
of the commendation given
its previous construction by
government engineers, was
looked upon as the corpora­
tion best qualified to accept
the responsibility of putting
through this gigantic undertaking.
The ability of the
company to do the work was
conceded, but eventually it
was decided that the canal
should be dug by the government,
so no contract was
awarded.
Constructed by the T. A.
Gillespie Company was the
immense filtration plant,
just completed, which is to
supply Pittsburgh with pure
water. The new municipal
water works are declared to
be among the best in the
country, d'he inspectors
pronounce the work especially
satisfactory. It is asserted
that the Pittsburgh
filtration plant is more efficient,
better constructed and, capacity considered, less
expensive than similar plants recently erected by
other municipalities. That it has performed for the
citv such excellent service mi a contract involving
the expenditure of more than $6,000,000, certainly
speaks well for the T. A. Gillespie Company. Even
though it be a very large one. the energies of the
T. A. Gillespie Company are not confined to mie con­
tract at a time. Simultaneously its work goes 011 in
half a dozen States. Recently the company laid over
300 miles of gas lines in Kansas and Missouri. Within
the past few vears it has installed steel water lines in
numerous cities, notably in Brooklyn and Minneapolis.
Another large contracl was the laving of the pipes of the
h.ast Jersey Water Company, which supplies the cities
ol Newark and Paters..11, New Jersey. The installation
of 01,000 feet nf 30-inch pipe, for conducting natural
gas for the Philadelphia Company of this citv, was a
task which the Gillespie Company readily accomplished.
In its line, the Gillespie Company practically is prepared
f.. d. 1 almost anything. To the company the magnitude
nf a contract is an incentive t.. obtain it.
The officers of the company are T. A. Gillespie,
President; Robert Swan. Vice-President and General
Manager; Thomas II. Gillespie, Vice-President; R. A.
Johnson, Treasurer; W. II. Warwick, Secretary, and
Prank Wilcox, Engineer
and Superintendent.
As its name indicates, the
company owes its success
and prestige principally to
T. A. Gillespie. The life
and achievements of the
founder and President of
the company are thus epitomized
bv a contemporary
biographer :
"Contractor, born i 11
Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania.
|ulv I, 1852; son of James
and Diana Gillespie; his
father was a lumber merchant
; his ancestors were
from the north of Ireland
and Scotland; his early education
was received in the
schools of Pittsburgh, and
his first occupation was that
of a clerk in the Pittsburgh
Gas Company, where he remained
but a few months
when, in August, 1868, he
entered the office of Lloyd
and Black, iron manufacturers;
in April, 1871, he
resigned to accept a position
with Lewis, Oliver and Phillips, in the same line of
business; he remained with this concern for eight vears
V. GILLESPIE
in the capacity ..I traveling agent. Thoroughly skilled
and equipped for ventures mi his own account, he
then decided t. > embark in business for himself, and,
frmn 1870 tn 1884, engaged in the manufacture of
in m bolts and kindred articles. In 1884 he joined
George Westinghouse, Jr., in the development of
the great natural gas industry; in this business his
efforts were met with unqualified success, and he continued
therein until [890, when he became a contractor
mi a large scale, with headquarters in the Westinghouse
Building, Pittsburgh, and in the Havemeyer Building,

;68 ( ) R Y () T S B U R G H
No. 26 Cortland Street. New York, hi addition tn his
office as President of the T. A. Gillespie Company, Air.
Gillespie is also engaged in many other large interests,
prominent among which are his directorships in the
Equitable Life Insurance Company and the Liberty
National Bank of New York; he was Vice-President of
the Central Traction Company of Pittsburgh up t.< the
time of the consolidation of that city's various traction
systems: was a member nf the Select Council of Pittsburgh
for ten years. He is a member nf the Duquesne
Club ..f Pittsburgh and the Pntus and Lawyers' Clubs
of New A'nrk. He was married in Pittsburgh mi January
7, 1875. and has four children living: Thomas IP.
Henry P.. Jean and James P. Gillespie."
Not only by the amount of money it can command,
n..t entirely by the number of men it employs, is the
efficiency and preparedness
..f a contracting company
demonstrated. A great deal
depends .m its organization;
through the executiveability
..f its staff, by the
experience a 11 d practical
knowledge of those who
plan and supervise its work,
is the competence of a company
attested. Of the T.
A. Gillespie Company, frmn
the President down tn the
subordinate who exercises
over some nf the laborers a
little brief authority, the
supervisory force is composed
of men qualified, selected
and ] in.ven. Not
milv do thev know their
work, but thev can be trusted
tn dn it thoroughly, ft
was the excellence of the
company's construction work, its rigid adherence to
specifications, its pride in finishing satisfactorily each
contract, that obtained frmn a high government official
the statement that the Ohio and Monongahela River
improvements put in by the T. A. Gillespie Company
were "works that reflected the greatest credit mi the contractor."
FREDERICK GWINNER—Writers on success
would hardly pick as an ideal subject a man win. spent
seventeen years nf his life driving an omnibus or a street
car. yet almost a decade nf such humdrum existence did
not dampen the ambition or lessen the energy which
finally landed Frederick Gwinner, wealthy Northside
contractor and business man. on tup of life's heap.
Tent.hi pluck, combined with the boundless possibilities
in the early .lavs of Greater Pittsburgh, aided Air.
FREDERICK GWINNER
Gwinner. Among builders throughout the Pittsburgh
district and by a great deal of the population of old
Allegheny. Air. ('.winner is known and loved as a pros­
perous contractor, honest to his customers and kind to
his employees, while in a wider circle he is recalled as
the President of the ill-fated Enterprise National Bank,
and a man whose solicitude for the depositors of the
wrecked institution was the one redeeming feature of
the failure.
Air. Gwinner will pass the seventy-eighth milestone
January 18th next, sixty vears of which he spent in this
country, most of that time in Manchester, the thriving
Northside community. He was born in Wiirtemberg
('.ermanv.
Pn.m street-car driver to contractor, the jump made
bv Air. (Jwinner, is not such a wide one when it is con­
sidered that his preliminary
jump, that of a team owner,
was a natural result of his
long knowledge of, and love
for, horseflesh. He began
teaming with a couple of
horses, gradually expanding
until in a few vears he was
a full-fledged contractor.
As a contractor, Mr. Gwinner
has been engaged in
some of the heavier work
done in this vicinity.
It was Contractor Gwinner
who rebuilt Union Station
and the greater portion
of the Pennsylvania Railroad's
trackage and other
facilities following the destructive
strike riots. .Another
big job was razing the
ourt-house after the memorable
lire, besides the building
of the greater portion of the Pittsburgh, Virginia
& Charleston Railroad, part of the Redstine branch of
the Pennsylvania Railroad, and a large amount of piping
and gas-line work for the Charities and Equitable Gas
( ompanies. His men paved all the streets orginally in
the Borough of Sharpsburg.
Air. Gwinner was married in 1850, and Airs. Gwinner
died twenty years ago. Two sons, Frederick. Jr..
and Edward, are engaged with him in the contracting
business, with offices at 1801 Market Street, Northside.
I he family reside in a great mansion at 2621 California
Avenue, a home roomy within and surrounded bv a
great expanse of clear ground on the outside, and one
of the landmarks of the older Allegheny.
Besides overseeing his contracting business, Air.
Gwinner is President of the Humboldt Insurance Cm- "
pany, and a Director in the Pittsburgh Brewing Com-

T 1 S Y 0 F S p. rj

2 TO T o A' 0 F s U R G h
vears. when he became a partner in the firm, which
erected the first planing mill in East Liberty, i his mill
was destroyed by tire in 1870, when Air. Lyons found
himself $4,000 in debt.
After this disaster Air. Lyons took up contracting on
his own account, his first contract being a In .use for J.
B. Murray on Squirrel Hill. He continued this business
until [906. He never held political office because, as he
savs, he always had enough to do attending to his own
business.
WILLIAM MILLER ex: SONS—From the time that
were laid the foundations of the pyramids to the present
dav builders in every land have been accounted benefactors
of humanity. If "they budded better than they
knew," if through their work "the conscious stone to
beauty grew," to the extent of their achievements they
contributed to the advancement of civilization. Among
the manv corporations that literally have helped in building
Greater Pittsburgh, but few, if any, can show finer
construction or more substantial results than have been
achieved by the company known as AA'illiam Aliller &
Sons.
Famed throughout the world for its size and magnificence,
the great Library of Pittsburgh certainly reflects
the utmost credit on its builders: besides the construction
of the Carnegie Library extension in Schenley
Park, William Miller & Sons built the Carnegie Libraries
at Homestead, Duquesne, Lawrenceville and AA'ylie
Avenue; thev erected the Carnegie office building, the
Arrott Building, the Pittsburgh Bank for Savings Building,
the Murtland, the Pickering and the J. B. Haines
& Sons' Building, the big annex to Kaufmann's department
store, the C.ayetv Theater, the Allegheny County
Morgue, the Winter branch of the Pittsburgh Brewing
Company, the St. Augustine Church, and the Schwab
Industrial School. Notable structures which the company
is now building are the new Homceopathic Hospital
in Pittsburgh, and the immense eight-story shop building
of the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co. at
Fast Liberty. Associated with Roydhouse, Arey & Co..
of Philadelphia. AA'illiam Miller & Sons accomplished
the construction of the Union Station in Pittsburgh, the
"port Wayne" Station in Allegheny, and the passenger
station of the Pennsylvania Railroad at Past Liberty.
In conjunction with a closely allied corporation, the
B. P. Young Company, of which C. AI. Aliller is president,
the AA'illiam Aliller & Sons Co. placed the beautiful
marble work in the Prick Building. In addition
to the prestige it has obtained in building splendid
edifices for religious, educational, philanthropic, public
utility and business purposes, the William Aliller et Sons
Co. has built in Pittsburgh and Allegheny several private
dwellings that might well be called palaces.
Outside of Pittsburgh and its suburbs, the company
has been, at times, in various places busily employed. It
built the post-office at Beaver Falls, the court-houses at
Norristown, York, Greensburg and Washington, Penn­
sylvania; it erected the residence of C. M. Schwab at
Loretta, and home of Colonel Samuel Moody at Beaver;
the interior of the Fidelity office building, one of the
most splendid in Philadelphia, was decorated by Wil­
liam Aliller & Sons.
The historv of AA'illiam Aliller & Sons properly
commences mi February 9. 1835, when on a farm in
Beaver County, Pennsylvania, was born the founder of
the company. Raised mi the farm, sent to school in the
winter time, early inured to hard work, AA'illiam Aliller,
when he was eighteen years of age, set out to learn the
carpenters' trade. Active, quick and masterful, having
a keen eye and a long head, even in his youth were observed
the traits that afterwards made him honored, rich
and unusually successful. As one historian has said, "he
qualified himself further for usefulness by marrying
Aliss Catherine Hollerman, of Butler County, in 1857."
Five sons and two daughters were born to bless the
union, namely: John A.. George AA'.. Charles Ah, AA'illiam
L., Henrv J.. Margaret and Emma. In 1859 Air.
Aliller. then a master builder, established his residence
in Rochester, Pennsylvania. AA'ith the exception of two
sons, who moved to Pittsburgh, the Aliller family has
lived in Rochester ever since.
In 1870 in Rochester, to carry on a general building
business, was formed the firm of Aliller, Dobson & Trax.
This copartnership continued for five years and then
terminated in the manner provided in the contract. Air.
Miller's work and holdings increased, but he carried on
the business alone until 1884. In that year he admitted
two of his sons (John A. and George W.) as partners
in the business. A little later, two others (Charles M.
and Henry J. ) likewise became partners.
AA'illiam Aliller & Sons opened their Pittsburgh office
in 1893. At that time this city offered excellent opportunities
to ambitious builders. Possessing ample capital
and the ability requisite to carry to a successful completion
anv contract they might undertake, the Millers from
the first made rapid and notable progress. As builders
AA'illiam Aliller & Sons have at their command especial
facilities. Long ago AA'illiam Miller made substantial
and remunerative investments in the brick and lumber
business. AA'illiam Aliller &: Sons own and control the
Aliller Brick Company, and the Miller Planing Alills at
Rochester, and the Krum Stone & Granite Co. of Pittsburgh,
ddie Aliller planing mills make a specialty of
the finest hardwood for interior finishes; the brick company's
output comprises about everything that is desirable
in the way of brick for building purposes; and the
Krum Granite & Stone Co. is prepared always to undertake
almost any contract that calls for stone.
Leaving the business to be looked after bv his sons,
who so well have proven their competence and ability,
AA'illiam Miller, Sr.. in 1899 retired from active par-

T I S T O R Y O F I T T V R G 271
ticipatimi in the firm's affairs. In 1903, when the com­
pany was incorporated, the old firm name was retained.
The AA'illiam Aliller & Sons Co. has an authorized
capital of $2,000,000, of which stock to the extent of
$500,000 has been issued.
d'he officers of the company are George AA'. Aliller,
THOMAS REILLY—Although one of the most
recent additions to the alrea.lv large number of high-
class buidling contractors of Pittsburgh, Thomas Reilly
has in a few short vears that he has been engaged in
business in this citv reached a position ol considerably
more than ordinary prominence.
ST. PAUL'S K. ('. CATHEDRAL, PITTSBURGH, I'.V. THOMAS REILLY, CONTRACT! vxi. m'u.i.i.K
President; Charles AI. Aliller, Vice-President, and IP J.
Aliller, Secretary and Treasurer.
The company has its offices in its own handsome six-
story modern brick office and warehouse building at 28
Federal Street, Pittsburgh. The entire building is none
too large for the office and warehouses of the AA'illiam
Aliller & Sons Co.. the B. P. Young Company, and the
Krum Granite Company.
For a number ..f vears Air. Reilly had bis eves mi
the possibility of entering the Pittsburgh and western
Pennsylvania territory. This t him was a very difficult
task in view of the close competition he was sure to meet
in bidding against the local contracting firms. But about
five vears ago. when the new plans for the magnificent
St. Paul's R. C. Cathedral were being prepared for esti­
mates for the construction of one of the finest structures

of this kind in the country, Mr. Redly decided that his
opportunity bad come, and succeeded in capturing this
contract in spite of the close competition to which he-
was subjected.
Mr. Reilly has been successful also in getting the contracts
for several of Pittsburgh's magnificent private
residences.
He has his office on Ellsworth Avenue, near East
Liberty, where he has erected a fine office building with
large and well arranged goods that are stocked with sup­
plies of all kinds ready for anv emergency.
Air. Reilly has taken manv contracts in many t the
smaller towns in the Pittsburgh district, a number ..I
them being for churches of various denominations. In
[906 Air. Reilly secured the contract for the new $250,-
000 synagogue in Pittsburgh.
TUP. S. R. SMYTHE COMPANY—The S. R.
Smythe Company was established in 1884 by S. R.
Smythe, and incorporated as a stock company under
the AA'est Virginia laws July 5. i8(jo. The members of
the company are: II. E. Smythe, president; R. Anting,
treasurer; J. E. Hines, secretary.
d'he company does mechanical engineering and contracting
for rolling mills, steel works, glass factories and
fuel gas plants. The number of employees average between
250 and 350. The company's authorized capital
is $100,000; paid in, $75,000; surplus over all liabilities,
$65,000 as nf March 1. 1(107. Its offices are located in
the House Building, Pittsburgh, with 11.. branches or
agents.
At the formation of the S. R. Smythe Company, the
steel, in .11, glass and pottery industries were vet in their
infancy in this country, so that it has been intimately
associated with the upbuilding of these interests frmn
the beginning. It is known throughout the country by
reason of the work achieved, which stands as a monument
tn its skill.
Since the formation of the company it has built
plants fur the Carnegie Steel Company, Pennsylvania
Tube \A'. >rks, American Steel ec AA'ire Co., American
Steel Hoop Company, Crucible Steel Company, and a
hundred or more plants of equal importance here and
in other cities, besides acting as consulting engineers for
pipe mills and steel plants in Germany and England.
It constructs furnaces for the production of in.11
and steel, and the treatment of the same; furnaces for
the production of glass and treatment of the same in all
its branches; fuel gas plants for manufacturing and all
purposes, gas-producer plants, and general construction.
I he company is composed of young men, energetic.
thorough, and familiar with the business. They are considered
experts, whose advise is sought in all branches
of manufacturing. They erect and equip manufacturing
plants complete, doing all the work from the drawing
up of the plans to turning 011 the power and starting
( ) R A' (> S u G
the machinery in operation. They are patentees of many
of the most important and useful processes of manufac­
ture, and are constantly originating new devices which
have invariably proved useful and valuable to their clients.
'Ihe company has constructed work amounting to
frmn $300,000 to $1,000,000 annually since its organi­
zation, and in accordance with the spirit of progress
which characterizes its career is now handling more and
larger contracts than ever before. This fact alone is
the best evidence that it possesses the confidence and
respect of the industries with which it has been promi­
nently identified.
Its opinion in respect to the future of Pittsburgh and
vicinity mav be quoted as follows: "We see no reason
whv Pittsburgh for all time should not hold her supremacy
as a manufacturing citv, and will prosper and con­
tinue to advance and increase in all lines."
JAMES STEWART & CO.—"I'll clean out the
burned district in seventy .lavs, and do it without a cent
profit to myself."
This statement made by Air. James C. Stewart, of
James Stewart & Co., contractors of world-wide reputation
in big engineering enterprises, after the conflagration
in Baltimore a few vears ago is indicative of the
man whose name is so closely associated with gigantic
undertakings in construction work of all kinds. At the
time referred to Air. Stewart was in the Monumental
( itv looking over the scene of desolation caused by the
flames that had wiped out the business section. Those
who knew him realized that he knew whereof he spoke.
He was accustomed to .1.. big things, and was justified
in making such sweeping assertions. The man win.
cleaned up Galveston in forty-five days and completed
building projects involving an outlay of $26,000,000 for
the Westinghouse Company in three years' time was a
man to whom contractors looked up to and listened to
with respect.
When asked how be would undertake the task of
cleaning up the burned district nf the stricken city in such
a short time, he answered in his characteristic manner:
"By laying down railway tracks and putting 6,000
or 7,000 men with plenty of teams t.> vv.irk. That is how
I have been able to .1.. things, by organizing a big force
and keeping men employed."
The magnitude of the operations conducted by the
brm f James Stewart & Co. is almost inconceivable.
Ihe reord of this concern at Galveston is one that is
made in a decade and placed the company in a class by
itself. Every newspaper reader knows of the devastation
caused by the tidal wave a few years ago when Galveston
was almost wiped off the map. American pluck and confidence
prevailed, and the business men of the city
promptly decided to rebuild, d'he work of transforming
chaos int.. cosmos, the cleaning up of the wreckage, and
the turning the conditions into the semblance of order

in the quickest time possible was an important as well
as a large undertaking, ddiis was done by James Stewart
iV Co. in a little over six weeks. The way in which it
was dmie was an eye-opener to the Southerners.
When the Baltimore fire destroyed the business blocks
of that citv it was but natural that Air. Stewart's com­
pany should establish itself in the Chesapeake citv and
continue its record of rehabilitating mi a large scale. Its
operations were a revelation to the staid and conservative
contractors of that quiet old burg. An office was opened
in close pn.ximitv to the "burnt district." 'flic members
of the firm associated with them Air. \A'. C. Mc­
Afee, the former chief engineer of the Baltimore firedepartment,
who became the local representative of the
company. One of the firm was constantly mi the ground
to give advice as occasion would require. The worldwide
extent of the Stewart operations was recognized,
and the counsel ol men who had built in almost every
civilized country was heard and followed.
The company put up a dozen of the new buildings
in record time and introduced methods that have been
held as a standard. Those who know anything about
S; ZtTil - E .".IT.i-moj s ^ mmtiMrvtm..
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() R A' ( ) s L" R G I
were executed for the largest, most conservative and most
exacting business men in Baltimore. Any contractor
working for the Gaither Estate, the Safe Deposit & Trusl
Co., the Johns Hopkins Hospital trustees and the like
bad tn give bona pile evidence that there was no flaw to
be found in its method of construction or the results it
pn iduced.
With offices in New York, Pittsburgh. St. Louis,
New Orleans, San Francisco, Chicago and London, Eng.,
the ompanv was conspicuous for its tremendous undertakings.
.Magazines and newspapers have told how this
concern "did things" in England. Air. Stewart is pre­
eminently a man of action, and he left for England one
.lav because of the si..vv progress t the work mi the
Westinghouse electric plant near Manchester. It was a
stupendous task. The van'..us buildings being put up
covered an area of 04 acres, and the English contractors
bad been the best part of a year constructing the foundations.
It was stated that it was impossible to complete
the work inside of five vears. The Westinghouse pe.>ple
remembered the record-breaking feats of the Stewart
Company and sent for Mr. Stewart. Working in the
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PITTSBURGH EXPOSITION BUILDING. FAMES STEWART & Co.. CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERS
Baltimore will appreciate what Stewart ex: Co. did for
that city in looking over the names of the buildings which
it erected there after the fire. Thev include the Franklin
Building, corner of Baltimore and North Streets:
the Daniel Aliller Company's Building, 28, 30 and 32
Hopkins Place, costing about $150,000; the large ware­
house at 36, 38 and 40 Hopkins Place for Messrs. Simon
Rosenburg, Henry Burgunder and Hamburger Brothers;
the warehouse at 10 and 12 Hanover Street for the
Gaither Estate; the big Gaither Building at 107, 109 and
111 North Charles Street for the Gaither P.state: the
warehouse at 9 and it Hanover Street for the Gaither
Estate: the group of warehouses with a frontage of an
entire block on Right Street for the Johns Hopkins Hospital
Estate; the National Mechanics' Bank at the corner
of Smith and German Streets, costing over $100,000; the
Wise Building at no AA'est Fayette Street: the National
Exchange Building covering the block surrounded by
Liberty, German and Baltimore Streets and Hopkins
Place, and the group of nine warehouses frmn 8 to 26
P.ast Lombard Street for Jesse Tyson, the Hopkins
P.state and the Safe Deposit ex: Trust Co. The reputation
of the company is seen in the fact that its contracts
main with the English contractors as consulting and
supervising engineer he transformed the situation in a
twinkling. The bricklayers nearly doubled the number
..I bricks thev were laving daily, and the entire force
ol men employed was increased frmn 300 to over 2,600,
this number being again increased very shortly t about
4,500. Hustling was introduced int.. every feature of
the work, and Mr. Stewart succeeded in doing in eleven
months what he- had promised in eighteen, and what the
English contractors had declared could not be done in
less than five vears. Idle feat was heralded throughout
Europe, and other big jobs dragging along were placed
under his supervision. He completed a $6,000,000 contract
on the Midland Railway that had been hanging fire
for smne time on ace .nut of strikes. The quick completion
of this contract was a striking illustration of the
ability of Mr. Stewart to handle men. He sent for the
leaders of the various unions and brought them to Lon­
don, awav from the atmosphere in which thev were working.
Everything of the best was provided for them, including
a line dinner in London. Air. Stewart then ex­
plained why he had sent for them, wishing to talk over
the situation and come to a clear understanding. He

^74 () R A' 0 F S R U R G H
told them in his own cordial way what he would do for
them, what he wanted them to do for him, and what the
duty ol both sides was to the railroad. He secured a
contract from every leader that there would be no strike
while Mr. Stewart was in charge of the work, and they
kept their promise. Mr. Stewart believes in treating his
men right to get and hold their confidence, giving them
to understand in a tactful way that he is the head. He
paid a tribute to the ability and handiwork of the English
workman.
During the three vears that Air. Stewart remained in
England at that time he completed many millions of dollars
worth of work, including the Westinghouse plant, the
repairs to the tunnel under the Mersey, the Yerkes powerhouse
in London, the Savoy Hotel, which replaced a number
of historic structures; a large office building on the
Strand, and other large undertakings in London, Glasgow
and elsewhere in Great Britain. He brought with him
a highly commendatory letter from Ring Edward to the
Westinghouse Company
for work done under
his direction for the
firm.
The work of the
company in the United
States has been on a
vast scale in every section.
The record of the
concern at Galveston
after the fi 1 is best
known t.. the public.
The same company constructed
the Stuyvesant
docks at New Orleans
for the Illim.is Central
•
W L W
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CHATEAU ERONTENAC, QUEBEC, C
ARE BEING MADE BY
Railroad in [896. These are models of their kind.
In Pittsburgh a monument of the work of the company
is the Exposition Building. This contract was completed
inside of fifteen weeks frmn the day the wrecking
..f the old structure was started. This was done despite
the fact that at the time the contract was awarded not a
drawing had been made from the plans, and twice during
the progress of the operations the Allegheny River
rose to such an extent that the site was covered with
water tn a depth of fully two feet. The obstacles overcome
in the execution of this contract and the rapidity
with which the completion was accomplished is a record
that has not been surpassed in any citv. The operations
..f the firm in Pittsburgh have been on a big scale, and
its services are constantly in demand.
A notable feature of the engineering work of the
company in this country was the damming of a pass in
the Mississippi delta, where, at the last point or gap
closed up, the water rushed through at the rate of 28
miles an hour, three miles faster than the current of the
Niagara River at the Falls.
ddie company is now building a large addition to the
historic Frontenac Hotel at Quebec. The cost of the
improvement will be nearly half a million of dollars, and
the addition will provide for 250 more rooms. The hotel
is owned by the Canadian Pacific Railway, and is one of
the best on the continent. The fact that the Stewart
Company is erecting the addition to this place is another
tribute to the excellence of the work done by the concern.
The firm of James Stewart & Co. is closely identified
with two other large contracting concerns. One of these
is doing a big road-making contract in Xew York State.
The Stewart Company is strong financially and backs up
many of its enterprises in this respect. A large percentage
of the big construction undertakings throughout the
country have been made possible by the fact that a company
like this is capable and willing to finance sound
propositions.
The head offices of the company are at 135 Broadway,
New York Citv.
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s () Y O T S U R G U5
if not surpass, the largest and finest edifice in Pittsburgh.
His contracts already made extend more than a year
ahead.
Mr. Stuart specializes in the construction of office
buildings, power plants and re-enforced concrete work.
AA'hat he has already achieved is convincing evidence of
his ability in that direction.
The offices of James L. Stuart are at 541 Sixth Ave­
nue. Pittsburgh. He has a handsome residence in
Sewickley.
A. & S. WILSON CO.—By the principal buildings
of a city are indicated the wealth and importance of the
municipality. By the size and character of a structure.
partially at least, may be guessed the resources and
ability of the men who built it. Though in population
Pittsburgh ranks lower than several other American
cities, in assets and progress it occupies, relatively, a
much higher position. Of buildings in Pittsburgh it
mav be said that a number of business edifices erected
here in recent years would not be out of place in any
metropolis. Substantial, convenient, magnificent they
stand, offering to ever}- observer proof enough of howcapable
their builders were. Some of the largest and
best of these buildings were erected by the A. & S.
Wilson Co.. and that corporation is honored accordingly.
It means something to be accounted among the most
successful builders in a citv like Pittsburgh. And such
a reputation honorably maintained for fifty-five years
insures a business standing that hardly can be too highly
appreciated. Identified with building operations in Pittsburgh
since 1852, the A. & S. Wilson Co. is justly credited
with having assisted greatly in bringing about the
structural prestige which the citv enjoys to-day.
In the past half century American architecture has
been materially modified, unquestionably improved. So
sharply are defined the different periods that certain features
of construction, even more than the outward appearance
of age, suggest the time when a building was
erected, ddie utilization of the elevator, the use of structural
steel made possible the stately structures that mark
the present stage of building development in our great
cities. Adept a sky-scraper, the modern American office
building towers grandly above edifices of other days.
Yet despite its size and height, its strength, solidity and
luxurious accessories, under existing conditions, it can
be built much more quickly than could be the structures
nf twenty vears ago. Compared with what was clone
fiftv vears since, building construction has been completely
revolutionized, ddiat the AATlsons were alert and
progressive, that thev were endowed with the quality
that continually advances, is shown through the years
and by the way that their business has changed and
grown.
At the outset the Wilsons were unpretentious car­
penters. On the wooden buildings of that day their
skill and zeal were exerted. Though their first contracts
were modest mies, and meager was the pay, they executed
every specification with unskimped fidelity. The work
that thev did was always a recommendation. Gradually,
steadily, thev succeeded: not only in increasing their resources,
but also in extending the scope nf their operations.
When better than wooden buildings were demanded,
the erstwhile carpenters were qualified and
readv tn undertake structural work nf other kinds.
Their more ambitious efforts were fruitful of success.
Buildings that they erected long years ago are yet
pointed out as excellent types nf the construction of the
period. In brick and stone and iron their work went
011; each decade witnessed better construction. As showing
how former ideals have been outgrown, what structural
changes the citv has undergone, see what was most
favorably looked upon by a previous generation. At the
time of its erection by the Wilsons, the Lewis Block, on
Smithfield Street, was considered to be Pittsburgh's finest
business building. Structurally it embodied the idea of
all that was then believed to be attainable or desirable
in an office building. But eventually dawned in Pittsburgh
the era of large structures, the utilization of steel
and improved firepri».ting material. Between the Lewis
Block and slfe. Secretary. The Board of Directors
is comprised as follows: Adam AA'ilson, J.
(diaries AA'ilson. A. J. Schutz. AA'. P. Clyde, J. C.
Schreiner. John Schreiner, AAr. L. Abbott. A. F. \rogel
and Frank Abbott.
Of Adam AA'ilsmi. the president of the company, in
the best sense it may be said that he is self-made. So
soon as he graduated from the public schools, he set out
to make his way in the world. Beginning as a book-

276 t 11 [•; () R A' O F S U R G H
keeper and accountant, be early acquired that capability
for rapid and accurate calculation that proved so ad­
vantageous in his subsequent career. But he was not
content to remain a clerk, even though he was accounted
an efficient and faithful mie. Seeking the larger independence
which accrues through the master} oi a trade,
he became a carpenter. In time his skill and aptitude
promoted him to be the foreman of the work on which
he was employed. By successive stages he rose to his
lire-sent position at the head of the corporation that in
the building line is probably the largest and most employed
in Pittsburgh. Such a man. associated with
others of noted ability and excellent experience, can
plan and drive forward to successful completion great
works. Because of the confidence imposed in its
directorate, the A. & S. AA'ilsmi Co. is in a position
to secure and execute the greatest contracts. Aside frmn
his connection with the A. ec S. AA'ils.m Co., Air. AA'ilson
is a director in the National Fireproofing Company, and
..f the Union National Bank.
Ihe general offices and vv 1-working mill of the
A. & S. Wilson Co. are at 541 Third Avenue. Pittsburgh.
In a large yard 011 Beaver Avenue, Allegheny, are being
concentrated the company's storage depots.
The work of the A. & S. AA'ilson Co. covers almost
everything in the building line. Practically any structure
for public or private use. whether it be of wood, or brick,
stone, terra cotta, or steel, or a combination of anv approved
building materials, can be erected advantageously
by the A. ex S. AA'ilson Co.
As a tree is known by its fruits, so men and companies
best obtain recognition by what thev have accomplished.
To the credit of the A. & S. AA'ilson Co. and
to its predecessor, the linn ..f A. & S. Wilson, throughout
Pittsburgh and vicinity stand numerous structures
of size, beauty and importance.
BRIDGE AND PLANT BUILDERS
LOCAL SKILL WAS REQUISITE TO SWING A BRIDGE ACROSS
OLD FATHER NILE
AA'hen Pittsburghers agreed t swing a bridge across
the River Nile in Egypt in a space of time which bidders
from other countries declared impossible, and then erected
the bridge inside their own time limit, the rest of the
world was given just another sit-up-and-take-notice
illustration of Pittsburgh's prowess. Pittsburgh is the
world's bridge-builder. No other citv or nation questions
this.
ddie bridge-building industry gives employment in the
Pittsburgh district in a busy season to approximately
15,000 men, about 4.000 of which are employed in the
immense Ambridge plant of the American Bridge Company,
near this city. The monetary investment in bridgebuilding
plants or bridges in the Pittsburgh district runs
into billions of dollars.
Bridge building as a name has come to be something
of a misnomer among Pittsburgh's bridge erectors, as
their contracts include all manner erf steel frame con­
struction, such as plants, oil tanks, etc. A specialty has
been made of erecting the huge iron and steel plants
which dot this section of the country, while the great
growth of steel-frame construction has caused the bridge
builders to enter the building trade. Hundreds of giant
sky-scrapers in the world's largest cities, especially in the
L'nited States, where the high building is much more
common than abroad, have been built by Pittsburgh
bridge erectors.
Pittsburgh's success abroad as a bridge builder is
greatly credited to its almost perfect organization of men
and methods. Workingmen trained here are sent out to
handle the material on all big foreign jobs. In 1906
Pittsburgh was commissioned to erect about 40 bridges
in Japan along the government-owned railroad, the order
coming frmn the Japanese Government, and when the
material was gotten together, it and men were shipped
bv specially provided transportation clear to the other
side ..f the world.
Pittsburgh as a citv has a definite place in all textbooks
..11 bridge building through the fact that there is a
greater variety of bridges right in the city of Pittsburgh
than in any other place of the same size in the world.
L'ntil the Union Bridge, the wooden structure spanning
the Allegheny River at the Point, was torn down, the
variety in structures ran from the old-fashioned covered
vv len bridge to the latest type cantilever, as typified in
the 700-foot span by which the Wabash Railroad crosses
the Monongahela River at Ferry Street. Besides these,
the Ft. Wayne Railroad Bridge across the Allegheny
River at Tenth Street, a bow truss bridge, is considered
an engineering wonder, while the Point Bridge, one of
the earliest steps in suspension bridges, blazed the way
for a kind of bridge which has been universally adopted.
THE AMERICAN BRIDGE COMPANY—Of the
constituent companies of the L'nited States Steel Corporation
the American Bridge Company is one of the best
known. In it practically unlimited capital, combined with
the experience, energy and genius of some of the ablest
engineers of to-day, makes possible the construction of
the largest, most difficult up-to-date bridges and buildings
with heretofore unparalleled rapidity and every
economic advantage.
In the L'nited States it is a dominant factor in the
structural steel trade. Abroad no American concern exerts
a better or more far-reaching influence mi the extension
of our country's commerce. To say that the
company is an acknowledged leader in the building industry
is to offer a faint and insufficient definition of
Us position. It represents the greatest and most ad­
vanced development of twentieth-century construction. Its
achievements ascend to the "sky-line" of American cities.

T H E S T O R Y O F I T T S r R G i
Its material strength and magnitude are attested in nu­
merous enormous but not unbeautiful structures that
tower heavenward to heights undreamed of a decade or
two ago. Hither and yon, from Alaska's ice and snow
to the sun-scorched oasts of Central America are bridges
which the company has constructed. If the adage which
adjures the passenger to praise the bridge that carries
him safely across was always kept in mind, encomiums
of the American Bridge Company's work would be continually
iterated. Every dav, because of the company's
successful efforts, thousands of speeding trains almost
fly over obstacles placed by nature in the path of traffic;
though those on board give but little thought to the structures
over which thev so swiftly pass, when one thinks
of it. what has expedited or shortened railway travel
more than modern bridge-building? Who can say how
I'L.VXT OF AMERICAN BRIDGE CO., AMBRIDG
much the building of bridges has helped to make his­
tory ?
By inheritance and acquisition the American Bridge
Company now has the business that was founded in
Pittsburgh by Piper, Shiftier, Carnegie, Pinville. Katte
and others who established the Keystone Bridge Company
in [865. In connection with works outside of
Pittsburgh many other familiar names might be men-
ti. ined.
The organization of the American Bridge Company
brought under one central management a considerable
portion of the country's manufacturing capacity in the
structural line. In May, 1900. the then recently formed
company acquired the plants and trade of twenty of the
most important independent firms or corporations en­
gaged in the design, manufacture and sale ..I iron
bridges, buildings and other structural work. During
the following year several other large plants were pur­
chased. Scarcely was the American Bridge Company
formed before plans for new and larger plants were
made. At a place seventeen miles from Pittsburgh, selected
because of its unexcelled transportation facilities,
was built the largest, most complete and best equipped
structural plant in the L'nited States. d'he thriving
town thus brought into existence was named Ambridge
(a svnopatioii of the words American Bridge) in honor
of the company. After the completion of the Ambridge
plant, because they were either old or inconveniently located,
s. .me of the smaller outlying plants were discontinued.
( Hlier plants were enlarged and greatly im-
pri wed.
The company is now operating plants at Ambridge
Athens, Pittsburgh and Pencoyd, Pennsylvania; East
Berlin. Connecticut; Edge Moor, Delaware: Canton and
Toledo, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan; Chicago, Illinois; Milwaukee,
Wisconsin, and Minneapolis, Minnesota. The
company constantly employs in its various plants no less
than 13,500 men. The estimated capacity of all the plants
is 650,000 tmis per annum, but it is likely that the actual
output of the company will be considerably in excess of
that estimate this year, as their business shows a large
percentage of increase.
Steel bridges and steel frames for office and mill
buildings, warehouses and other structures constitute its
main product, but in what others would consider immense
quantities the company also makes steel and iron
castings, locomotive turntables, water pipes, water tanks,
steel oal-barges. dredge bulls and steamboat hulls. In
the comparatively brie! time that the great establishment
at Ambridge has been in existence, 36 vessels of various

T 11 E S T () R Y () F I T T S U R G II
kinds have been built there, and a number nf Others are
n. .vv under vv ay.
Of the authorized capital of the American Bridge
Company, $70,000,000, preferred stock tn the value nf
$31,373,800, and common stock am..tinting to $30,950,-
800, has been issued.
Added t.. the company's almost inexhaustible re­
sources, its unequaled equipment, its wonderfully developed
manufacturing facilities, its favorable trade
arrangements, and its world-wide clientele is the prestige
which good management alone can give. Admittedly
the affairs of the company are splendidly administered.
'Ihe officers ..f the company are experienced, practical
men especially well qualified fm' the positions they occupy;
men of proven ability who. t their present high
places, by their aptitude, resourcefulness, force t character
and excellent service, have risen frmn the ranks;
men in the prime of life wb.. actively devote their entire
time I., their various duties; thev are: August Ziesing,
President; Joshua A. Hatfield, Vice-President; AA'illiam
II. Connell, Treasurer; Henry Schoonmaker. Secretary,
and Prank 1'.. Thompson, Auditor. Of the company's
most important division f Pittsburgh and vicinity) Emil
Gerber is Operating Manager, and James A. Huston is
Contracting Manager. Elbert II. Gary, Joshua A. Hatfield.
'I'h..mas Murray, Henry Schoonmaker and August
Ziesing compose the company's directorate.
At the commencement the general offices of the company
were located in New York, hater thev were moved
to Philadelphia, but finally, due to the fact that this city
is the center of the steel industry and because of other
advantages, the company's headquarters were established
in Pittsburgh.
Al.

s () R Y ( ) G II 270
a more efficient system of inspection. Every piece of
material, for whatever purpose used, is inspected, rigidly,
at least twice. Its construction work is thoroughly tested
by the most approved methods and appliances known to
engineering science. Full reports as to how, when, where,
and by whom the work was tested, and a specification of
the results of the test form a part of the carefully recorded
history of each contract. At Ambridge, at a
cost of over $100,000, was installed the largest and most
effective "testing plant" in the world. Tremendous
power especially designed mechanism subjects the work
in its various stages to stress and strain manv times moresevere
than it would ever in anv contingency be called
Upon to endure in the bridge or building for which it
was intended. Not only do these tests demonstrate the
correctness of the engineers' calculations, but they furnish
constant!}' required information. They make assurance
d. uiblv sure. I f a the. >rv
is wrong thev pn >ve it.
1 f there is a hidden defect
it will be brought
to light. Imperfections
of anv sort can not successfully
withstand the
tests imposed. This explains
adequately why
such great confidenceexists
in the work of the
American Bridge ('ompany.
Steel construction,
so adaptable and reliable,
made possible the
gigantic edifices that arcrising
so rapi.llv in 1 uir
great cities. Year by
year the ascent contin­ STEEL FRAME ol-' U. S. GOVERNME
ues. About the only
TION, 17s FEET BY 800 FEET. I-
limitation now placed mi size and height is the
amount of money capitalists are prepared to pay
for this form of improved property. Extending upward
658 feet, the new structure of the Metropolitan Life Insurance
Company of New York will be, for a while at
least, the tallest office building in the world. By the
.American Bridge Company the supporting of the "Metropolitan
tower" with thousands of tmis of steel construction
is looked upmi as only one of its many important
contracts. In such a building what a catastrophe
there would be if the engineers were at fault or the steel
construction lacked the requisite strength or stability.
However. 11.. mie is. or need be. alarmed. The proverb
"as true as steel" applies to the structural work ..f the
American Bridge Company. Firmly established mi a
solid foundation, built up according to specifications,
fastened together with strength sufficient to defy the
San Francisco earthquake, the steel construction work.
indifferent to the passing of time, will safely sustain its
load until that distant day when the "Metropolitan lower"
shall be removed to make room for a more lofty struc­
ture commensurate with the business needs ..1 an ever
increasing p. ipulatii .n.
HEYL e\: PATTERSON—As contracting engineers,
and as manufacturers of labor-saving devices, E. \A .
Hevl and W. [. Patterson have- won, in more ways than
one, deserved an enviable recognition. In a small office
at 100 Third Avenue, Pittsburgh, in [890, the labors
of the firm began. In the vears that loll..wed, the business
has appreciably prospered and grown. In 1895 the
partners occupied an entire building at 108 Market
Street. Within a year it was necessary to secure moreroom.
To their present location, at 51. 52, 53 Water
Street, Hevl & Patterson moved in [898. In connection
with the business
was established a
large and well-equipped
machine shop. In 1900
the linn erected mi its
. .vv 11 pri .pertv at ( ircenw
... ..1 Street and Preble
Avenue, Allegheny, the
I I e v 1 & P alters.. 11
structural iron works.
In the various shops of
the firm are steadily
einpl. .ved about 750
men. 1 lev 1 & Patterson
are among the largest
employers of draughtsmen
in Pittsburgh. Included
in the industrial
adjuncts a 11 d devices
XT BUILDING, ST. LOUIS exposl which the firm manu-
RECTED BY PENN BRIDGE Co.
facture a r e : C 0 a 1handling
machinery, coal-washing plants, oal tipples,
hehr onveyors. car hauls for coal mines, slag machinery,
Platch handling-plants for glass factories. The firm
makes complete installation of plants, and its force of
tie-Id erectors averages about 350 men.
THE PENN BRIDGE COMPANY—One of the
great industries which is contributing to the fame of
the Pittsburgh district and carrying this fame to distant
parts of this country and countries far across the seas, is
the Penn Bridge Company.
It is not almie a builder of bridges, but it is engaged
in the construction of buildings and all classes of structural
work. If voti were fortunate enough t.. go to the
St. Louis Exposition, you saw there the line United States
Government Building, whose steel structural work was
the product of this widely known and enterprising com­
pany.

8o I ( ) R A' O F S p, r r g pi
The Penn Bridge Company has its principal office at
heaver Palls. Pa., and its works at Morado and Clayton,
Pa. It employs 500 men in the shops, with a steadily
increasing business. The company was founded by Mr.
T. B. White in [866; he was a designer and builder of
wooden bridges for a great manv vears. Ihe company
was incorporated in [866, and reincorporated in December,
1005. with a capital of $500,000.
The business of the company has grown steadily,
and embraces all classes of steel structural work. The
plants are capable of turning out a total product of 1,500
t. nis per in. .nth.
The volume of business amounts to $1,000,000 per
year. Ihe company's fine work needs no advertising
outside of the splendid monuments to its skill and thoroughness
t.< be seen all over the country. It has built
four bridges across the Ohio River, live bridges across
the Monongahela River, two across the Allegheny. The
bridge at Allentown is the longest built bv the State of
Pennsylvania. There also stands as examples of their
work the bridge across the P.ast branch of the Potomac
River at AA'ashington,
1). ('., and am. mg notable
structural vv o r k s
a r e the (ii >v eminent
locks at Plaquemine,
Pi misiana ; dams N. >s.
_', 4. 5 and (1 mi the
( )ln.. River ; the Atlantic
('. last Pine Sin ips at
Waycross, Ga., the Armor}'
at Trent. .11. N. J.,
and bridges and buildings
in nearly every
State and territory of
this country, and wherever found, has given satisfaction.
d'he thorough and excellent work of the Penn Bridge
Company has not milv built up a hue domestic trade, but
has extended it to foreign countries as well, the work
going to countries as far distant as Mexico, Honduras,
Port.. Rico and Wales.
The officers and directors of the company are as follows:
Samuel P. White, president; J. F. Mitchell, secretary
and treasurer; T. S. White, vice-president and
chief engineer: P.. P.. McPhersori, assistant secretary; C.
II. Vaughn, constructing engineer; C. AI. Emmons,
estimator and designing engineer, and R. J. Hier, superintendent
< >f sb. >ps.
TUP. RITP.R -CONLEY MANUFACTURING
COMPANY—It means something to be more than
abreast of the times. Energy, strength and preparedness
are strongly suggested, and a high order of ability
is indicated. However, t maintain such a p. .sitimi suc­
cessfully, great persistence, resourcefulness and capacity
for sustained effort must be manifested. Evident, from
the progress that has been made from the first organiza­
tion of the company, is the Riter-Conley Manufacturing
Company's right to stand at the head ..t its own par­
ticular division of the great iron and steel industry, nut
milv in the United States, but throughout the entire
vv. >l'ld.
'I'he well deserved prominence of the Riter-Conley
Manufacturing Company was not won in a day. nor was
it wmi in a year. And it was not obtained through success
achieved in the successful fulfilment of one or two
contracts ..f greater or lesser size and importance. Initiative,
tin .n.uglmcss and intelligent application are the
keys that unlock the doors that open up enlarged oppor­
tunities and build up a great and successful business.
And since the Riter-Omley Manufacturing Company is
now acknowledged to be about the largest concern in the
country engaged in its particular line of business, to this
company certainly attaches many, if not all, of the
aspects of greatness.
hut flic company's constructive ability, far-reaching
tin mgh it be, is exceeded by its reputation for reliability.
Not mil}- for the number
and size of its contracts,
but also for the
high standard and excellence
of its work has
the Riter-Conley Company
bee 11 vv i d e 1 y
known.
I'he concern started
in business in Pittsburgh
in 1873. the busi­
ACROSS MONONGAHELA RIVER AT GLENWOOD, PA. CENTEI
SPAN 525 FEET. ERECTED BY PENN BRIDGE Co.
..I boiler;
generatin
ness of the company at
that time being principally
the manufacture
for river steamers, factories and other steam
systems.
A short time later, with the rapid growth of the oil
business, came the installation of immense storage tanks
and the laving ol long pipe lines. In the construction
and erection ..f these great storage tanks, from the time
the first mie was planned and erected and up to the pres­
ent dav, the Riter-Conley Manufacturing Company was
particularly successful, and in an amazingly short time-
had built up an immense business in this line alone. In
oilier territories, and working under conditions that were
n..t nearly so favorable as in the Pittsburgh district, the
concern has done equally well, until to-day the operations
..f the company in tank building and erection are
practically world-wide. Classified according t.> the many
purposes for which its varied lines of construction may
be applied, the contracts of the company over an immense
held and a great variety of work. The company
builds blast furnaces, steel works, rolling mills, gas and
power plants, water towers, storage tanks of all kinds
and descriptions, mills and factories of all descriptions,

s ( ) R A' ( ) I- I T T S Pi U U G M 281
LARGEST STEEL TANK O.VS HOLDER IX THE WORLD
penstocks and factory buildings built of structural steel.
d'he company fabricates its own steel in the different
forms and shapes required for all kinds and classes of
special construction, and, in addition, makes a specialty
..f heavy plate work: It takes and fulfills contracts of
anv size, not mil}' throughput the United States, but all
over the world, provided, of course, that thev are ..I
sufficient size and importance tn warrant such distant
construction and erection. Some of the
foreign contracts of the Riter-Conley Manufacturing
Company have extended over
considerable periods of lime, and have
called for the- expenditure nf millions ol
.1. .liars. "I'he prestige of the company as
well as its well known ability t.. meet successfully
competition is well illustrated by
the fact that the company was the successful
bidder mi a large contract for the construction
nf the immense power plant for
one of the leading tramways ..f Glasgow,
Scotland. 'Ibis contract, it might Inadded,
was secured in the face ol lively
competition with local English and Scotch
contract, irs.
Throughout the entire Pittsburgh dis­
trict the Riter-Conley Company has erected
immense blast furnace-sand steel works.
To build these, and as successfully as has
been demonstrated, requires 111. .re than or­
dinary experience and ability No other
form of steel construction is so severely tested, and the
skill and reliability of the contractor affects not mil} the
endurance nf the structure or plant, but also the results
which are- afterward obtained by the- manufacturer. It
is a significant fact that the Riter-Conley Company is
in.w being steadily employed mi all new constructions by
the largest steel producers in the world mi several ..I the
111..st important contracts that have ever been awarded.
This is a sufficient attestation of its standing, 'flic company
is now building eight of the largest blast furnaces
that have ever been contracted for for the United States
Steel Corporation, these being erected at the immense
new plant at Gary, hid., that will ost approximately
875,000,000 when completed.
Ihe company is also building the mills and openhearth
steel plant fm- the Pittsburgh Steel Company at
Monessen, Pa., a plant that will est upwards of 84,000,-
000 when completed.
The Riter-Conley Manufacturing Company has two
large plants in the Pittsburgh district, mie being located
at Allegheny, and the other at Pcetsdale. Pa. 'I'he former
plant is ..11 Preble Avenue and occupies about seven acres.
Ihe heavier work, however, is done ai the new plant
which was built a few vears ago at Pcetsdale, and where
about 1,000 men, mostly skilled mechanics, are employed.
I'he general offices of the company are located in the
company's own building at 56 Water Street, Pittsburgh.
and where the company has been locate.1 tor a number
. if years.
Ihe business formation f the concern remained practically
unchanged frmn its formation until [899, when
the company was incorporated. Ihe- present officers areas
follows: II. A. Carpenter, president: J. Gilmore
Fletcher, vice-president: \\ . P. lack, treasurer; Joseph
STOVES AND FURNACES AT GARY', INDIANA

28: S T ( ) A' () S B U K G
Riter, secretary; P. R. Sites, assistant treasurer, and
Frederick Wulfetang, general purchasing agent, all well
known and highly respected business men.
ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS
ONLY TWENTY-FIVE YEARS SINCE ITS INTRODUCTION, YET 0U1TE
AN INDUSTRY TO-DAY
The- Westinghouse Electric Works and its thousands
of employees, electric street cars, eye-dazzling electric
signs, electric heating and the myriad application oi
harnessed lightning, are all a growth of a quarter of a
century, a time within the memory of people still young
men and women. It was 25 years ago that electricity
was first introduced to Pittsburgh, when an expert tn.ni
New York was brought here to show R. J. Daley, now
Superintendent of the City Bureau of Electricity, how t..
string wires for electric lighting. Ihe expert took Sick
and Daly went ahead with the job, mie of the first buildings
to Iil* wired being that of the Commercial Gazette,
..11 Fifth Avenue. To-day hundreds of firms take care
..f various ends of this wonderful industry and form one
..f the Pittsburgh district's biggest assets in commercial
activity. In fact the ramifications of electricity are such
that an entirely new field of employment has opened up
within the past ten years.
TUP. CARTER ELECTRIC COMPANY—The
Carter Electric Company, Lewis Block, is mie of the important
firms of Pittsburgh in its line of electric contracting.
Ihe sterling business policies followed by its
management frmn the inception of the concern accounts
for its phenomenal success, and it enjoys a deservedly
large patronage among the prominent and exclusive corporations
and private properties of the citv and community.
Its employees vary in number according to the business
conditions, but thev are all selected with a view to
procuring the best and most reliable workmen possible.
'Ibis policy of the company is one of most importance
and precludes manv of the imperfections of service noted
in some concerns. Another policy worth}- of note is that
all materials used are strictly first class. In order to
secure a contract, this company does not lower the quality
of its materials to come within the bounds of a low-priced
bid. Its work is trustworthy in every respect.
Its handiwork may be seen all over the citv, and it
has equipped the Oliver Building on Sixth Avenue and
W.....1 Street, the Jos. 11..rue Company mi Penn Avenue.
the ('arnegie 1'.nil.ling mi Fifth Avenue, the Pittsburgh
Exposition Building mi Duquesne Way, the Commonwealth
Trust Company mi Fourth Avenue, the Calvary
P. P.. Church mi Sha.lv Avenue and Walnut Street, the
First Presbyterian Church mi Sixth Avenue, the- Duquesne
Club on Sixth Avenue, and the residences of
II. C. Prick. I). P. Black and W. N. Frew in Fast End.
HEATING CONTRACTORS
THE EVOLUTION OF THE STEAMFITTER INTO THE MODERN
CONTRACTOR A DECIDED GAIN
The evolution "f the steamfitter of the old days into
the prosperous heating contractor of the present is an­
other phase of that success which has marched forward
with the steel city's great building prosperity. Pittsburgh
has a number of firms catering exclusively to the
heating of office buildings and homes, ddie possibility
of concentrating power with the advent of the steam radiator
have combined to revolutionize the ways of keeping
warm. The convenient bathroom of to-day, with hot
water always handy and imprisoned heat which needs
only the twist of a valve to release, would make the
liatriot people of Washington's day think a miracle had
come to pass. Alillions of dollars are spent annually in
Pittsburgh in availing humanity of the wares the new-
ideas in heating have to offer,
IRON CITY HEATING COMPANY—A floor
space of six bv twelve feet in a cellar—under what is
now the Pultmi Building—and equipped solely with a
pair of willing hands are what made up the Iron City
Heating Company in 1891. To-day the concern is capitalized
at $100,000, employs eighty men, maintains an
office in the lleeren Building, Pittsburgh, and occupies
two buildings, a four-story brick structure 60 by 105
feet, and a three-story frame structure 80 by 105 feet at
84^-45-47 Jackson Street, and 844-46-48-50 Pennsyl­
vania Avenue. Northside.
'flic company has dotted the Pittsburgh district with
installations in skv-scrapers. mills, factories, schools,
churches, residences and various institutions, among
which mav be mentioned the following:
Wabash passenger station, store buildings of Joseph
Home Company, Raufmann Brothers & Rosenbaum
Co., James B. Haines & d., Murdoch, Kerr & Co.,
Pittsburgh Mercantile Company, T. J. Keenan Building.
Westinghouse office building, Grand Opera House, St.
Nicholas Paw Building, Duquesne Club, the "Gazette-
Times" Building, the Pittsburgh "Post" Building,
Eleventh, Twelfth and Fourteenth AA'anl schools,
Church ..f the Epiphany, Mercy Hospital, Third Presbyterian,
St. Brigid's, St. Stanislaus, Second Presbyterian,
Rnoxville U. P. Churches, Pdiited Presbyterian
Seminarv, Northside; St. Paul's Orphan Asylum, Idlew
1; Morganza Reform School, Westinghouse Electric
& Manufacturing Co., East Pittsburgh; Convent of
Mercy, St. Francis Hospital, banking houses of Union
I rust Company, Colonial Trust Company, Pittsburgh,
and Peoples' Bank, McKeesport; residences of AA'. H.
Rowe, Sam P. Sipe, IP C. P.air, J. C. ddiaw. IP P. Bope,
James Sott, Thomas Rodd, Emmet Queen, T. N.
Barnsdall, S. I). Ache, II. C. McEldowney, Jacob Kaufinann,
Ib.11. J. R. MacFarlane, Maj. G. M. Laughlin. all

T 11 E S T O R A () S P. I' 0 II •8:
of Pittsburgh, and Thomas Lynch, Greensburg; R. D.
Book, A. AI. Byers, Richard R. Quay, all at Sewickley,
and others.
lames S. McVey, founder and president of the Iron
City Heating Company, and John McMurray, vice-president,
learned and worked at their trade of steamfitting.
Both formerly were connected with the Kelly & Jones
Co., Mr. McMurray as superintendent of construction.
Ewald F. Kaschub, secretary-treasurer, has been associated
with the concern since its inception. All Pittsburghers
of energy, pluck and thorough business ability,
their success is peculiarly a success of Greater Pittsburgh.
The present business grew from a small jobbing-
trade begun by Mr. McVey in September, 1891, in the
cellar before mentioned, became a copartnership in April.
1892, and was incorporated July 12, 1906. Alert always
for new ideas, the company is one of the few such
concerns equipped with machinery for cutting and threading
pipe from ps to 18 inches in diameter, d'he career
of the Iron Citv Heating Company has been a succession
of moves to more commodious quarters, and it is
still growing.
"With the growth and demand for more buildings
and factories our business has its best time to see," is the
optimistic view of President McVey.
FIREPROOFING
THE MODERN SKY - SCRAPER COULD NOT EXIST WERE FIRE-
PROOFING UNKNOWN
'I'he part fireproofing plays in the extensive building
operations of a city of Pittsburgh's size is illustrated by
the fact that without fireproofing such structures would
be impossible. Fifteen and twenty-story buildings would
not be permitted if it were impossible to make them fireproof,
and great sums of money vv.mid not be risked
in the smaller structures if this precautionary feature
was unheard of. As in steel, oal, electric apparatus and
innumerable varied industries, Pittsburgh also is the home
of fireproofing. Billions of dollars invested in structures
the country over is protected by fireproofing made in
Pittsburgh.
Till-: NATIONAL FIRE PROOFING COAI-
PANY—To the National Fire Proofing Company is
justly ascribed a great deal of the credit due for demonstrating
the various advantages, especially the unequalled
protection against fire, afforded by hollow building blocks
of terra otta.
Buildings erected according to the form of construction
devised bv the National Fire Proofing Company
are, under all circumstances, absolutely unburnable.
Honestly built, in conformity with the specifications of
the company, a structure will defy for any length nf
time the action of fire. Being more than merely incom­
bustible, terra cotta hollow tiles will resist successfully
the must intense heat; thev will withstand unscathed a
continued temperature that will melt steel columns and
cause the best concrete to crumble and disintegrate; after
more than thirty years of use. tried literally with the
utmost severity in the fires that devastated Baltimore
and San Francisco, terra cotta is the acknowledged
standard bv which excellence in fire-proof construction is
reck. mcl.
Terra otta is composed nf clay which has been
burned in a kiln at a temperature nf frmn j.cjoo to 2.500
degrees Fahrenheit. A cubic foot of terra otta hollow
tile weighs about 40 pounds, while the weight of a similar
bulk ..f the best cinder concrete, suitable for arches,
is. approximately, 90 pounds. Frmn an economical
standpoint it is easily demonstrated that a building can
be erected of hollow blocks at a less cost than if built
of ordinary bricks. The blocks being proportionately
lighter in weight than brick, the expense of transportation
is n..t so great. Because the hollow block measures
8 bv 8 by Pi inches, and is about twelve times the size ..I
a common brick, the ost of laving the same is considerably
less. In recent tests, made by the L'nited States
(tovernment, by the Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory and by
the Rose Polytechnic Institute, the average compression
strength of an 8 bv 8 bv [6-inch hollow block was shown
to be about 200,000 pounds, or over 6,000 pounds per
square inch of vertical wall; in hundreds of tests, in actual
use, it has been demonstrated beyond question that
the strength of these blocks is amply sufficient for almost
anv demands that mav be put upon them.
Alade of both glazed and unglazed ware, susceptible
of being moulded in almost anv shape or design required,
terra cotta hollow blocks can be most advantageously
utilized for a great variety of building purposes. A wall
built of hollow blocks will have air chambers running
through it, thereby eliminating all possibility of dampness;
non-absorbent, sound-proof, fire-defying walls, partitions
and floors of terra otta hollow tiles make a housecooler
in summer, and warmer in winter. And the best
..f it, it costs not ten per cent, more than ordinary construction
that is neither fire-proof, nor s.. handsome, nor
so sanitary.
In the little back room ..f ex-Governor Stone's law
office mi January 2^,. [889, W. II. Graham, AW D.
Henry and I). P. Henry met. As the result nf this
meeting was formed the- Pittsburgh Terra Cotta Lumber
Company, which mi December 20, 1902, became the National
Fire Pn.. .ling Company. For a while after the
company was formed, the material was purchased from
Booth & Flinn's Bedford Avenue brickyard. But now
through excellent management and the successful exploitation
of a manifestly superior product, the erstwhile
little company has grown to one of the great manufacturing
concerns of the country. It now owns and operates
twenty-nine terra cotta works, and its annual output of

%4 S T ( ) R A' ( ) S r r g n
manufactured clav products is of enormous proportions.
Its manufactures consist of porous terra cotta or dense
tile; plain and ornamental building blocks; plain and
ornamental building bricks; fire, building and hollow
bncks: vitrified clav conduits for telephone, telegraph
and railway cables, and flue lining.
Ihe National Fire Proofing Company is capitalized
at $12,500,000. Its various works are located at favorable
points in the vicinity of the large cities. Its general
offices are 111 the Pulton Building, Pittsburgh, but
very important branches are maintained in New York,
( hicago, host..11, Philadelphia, Washington, Canton
(Ohio), Cincinnati, Cleveland, St. Louis, Minneapolis
and Los Angeles; besides all these in the L'nited States.
the- company has another great sub-office in London,
England.
Ihe officers of the National Fire Proofing Company
are: W. I). Henry,
President; R. W. Alli­
A'. Johnson, W. A. I linker, Pre.l Gwinner, Jr., [ohn R.
Cregg, The... II. Straub, Hay Walker, Jr.
Ihe marked success which the company has achieved
111 111. small measure is attributable to the energy and
zeal, the progressiveness and good judgment of its officers
and directors, yet fundamentally the prosperity of
the company is based on the productive capacity.
Hollow tile was first utilized in New York about
thirty vears ago. Now the output exceeds 2,500,000
tmis a year. The extent to which it is used is indicated
by the fact that in the recently completed office building
of the Union Trust Company in Pittsburgh were used
about 300,000 square feet of hollow tile fireproofing.
A splendid example of fire-pro..f construction is the
great Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel at Atlantic City,
which was erected by the National Fire Proofing Com­
pany in about five months. Notably, too, the excellence
of the company's work is also attested in the Post Office
Building at Chicago. But these are only two instances.
Not only by the extent, but also by the superiority of
its work the National Fire Proofing Company is proven
to be the world's most successful builder of fire-proof
ci .nstructi. m.
BANK AND OFFICE INTERIOR WORK
son. Vice-President and
Manager of Sales; E.
A . Johnson. Vice-President
and Western Manager;
Henry AI. Keasby,
A ice-P resident and
Eastern Manager; |. P.
Robbins. Treasurer, and
('. A'. Jmies. Secretary.
On the hoard of Directors
of the company
are : I). P. Men r y,
( h a i r 111 a n ; \\. I).
Henry, R. W. Allison,
James J. Booth, John
B. Finley. William II.
AA'. B. McLEAN
< iraham, T. Hart (liven,
W i 1 1 i a 111 A. S t .. 11 SPECIMEN e. OF INTERIOR WORK BY VV. 1:. McI.EAN MANUFACTURINI
Henry AI. Keasby, E.
COUP v X V
RICHNESS. TASTE AND UTILITY CHARACTERISTIC OF PITTS­
BURGH'S HANKS AND BUSINESS OFFICES
Few housewives would deny themselves the privilege
..f furnishing their home, vet the busy man of affairs
leaves it to others and. presto! another industry sprin°-s
into being. A'isitors to the tastefully furnished offices of
banks and quarters in tall buildings frequently fail to
realize that the whole is the work of experts who are doing
just this work ever}- hour in the day and each day
in the year. Furniture
must match the wood­
work of a building or
office, chairs must not
look unlike desks, nor
must furniture have
curves or corners not in
acord with the general
scheme of the office.
and. withal, there must
be utility, ddiat this is
done satisfactorily is
proved by the reputation
Pittsburgh business
bmises have for intern
.r decoration.
MANUFACTURING
CO MP AN Y —The
founder of the W. B.
McLean Manufacturing Company was William B. Mc­
Lean. In 1878 he started the present business with two
'-r three men. using an old barn on Herron Hill for a
sb. .p.
In 1887 a piece of property was bought on Herron
Avenue, and a small plant erected. This has been added
to from time t.. time, and at present is one of the largest,
1! n..t the largest, wood-working plant in Greater
Pittsburgh.
After the death of W. P.. McLean in 1889. the business
was taken over by his sons, who have since continued
to conduct it. d'he company is so organized that
each has a share of the business that he is required tn
attend to. That they work in harmony is proven by
the length of time the concern has existed, and also bv
the quantity of the work produced.
The factory and offices are at 10^4 Herron Avenue,
formerly Thirty-third Street. This is in the Hill dis-

s ( ) Y i i P I T G >85
trict, near Grant Boulevard, and is accessible through
b. .tb steam and trolley car service.
The members of the company are Barnet W. Ale-
Lean, president; J. Frank McLean, vice-president: John
R. McLean, secretary and treasurer, and Walter Mc­
Lean, manager.
Their trade at present overs the territory within
200 miles of Pittsburgh, which territory thev expect to
extend as quickly as larger facilities can be arranged.
The AA'. B. McLean Manufacturing Company is well
known as designers and manufacturers of hardwood
work, store, bank and office fixtures, and dealers in store
and office furniture.
This city is credited with having the greatest number
of banks of anv citv of its size, and the rich woods.
exclusiveness of design and good taste- displayed in the
interim- fixtures are greatly admired. The McLean Company's
work is to be seen in many of the best of the
Pittsburgh banks.
PARQUETRY FLOORS
AN ART OF MATCHING WOODS OF VARIOUS COLORS THAT HAS
PROVEN PROFITABLE
'I'he interior decoration of innumerable Pittsburgh
business bmise-s and thousands of homes indicate that the
love for parquetry flooring is not a craze, and it any
other evidence to the contrary is needed, a glimpse at thebusv
workshops of firms engaged in this business will
furnish it. Several Steel City companies have built prosperous
establishments by furnishing people with the kind
f flooring that costs frmn 30 cents to $2 a square loot.
Parquetry is the art of matching vv Is ..I various colors
so that the result is a pretty design, the whole highly polished,
and much of the attractiveness of the finer residences
is due to the finishing touch in taste-fulness given
bv parquetry 11.».ring.
ANDREW RICHMOND & SON—Standing high
in the ranks of the house-building and general contractors
is the firm of Andrew Richmond & Son, whose
general offices are located in the Home Trust Building,
541 AA'ood Street. Pittsburgh. The firm has built a
large number ..f the suburban residences in the territory
surrounding Pittsburgh and Allegheny for the past few
years, and some of the finest and most substantial residences
and business blocks in the city proper have been
constructed by the firm under contract.
Andrew Richmond has followed this line of business
practically all of bis life, and in the early nineties entered
the contracting firm which for a number of years
was known as Clark. Richmond ex Co. This firm dissolved
partnership in 18.17. Andrew Richmond retiring
frmn the business which was assumed by his former
partner. The linn ..f Richmond & Hardy was then
formed, engaging in the same business, and Mr. Rich­
mond became the senior partner and guiding hand. He
withdrew frmn this partnership in March, 1900, however,
and, starting 111 the same business again, tonne.I a
partnership with his son, John L. Richmond, and since
that time has engaged in business under the above name.
Large yards for the storage of equipment and budding
supplies are maintained in several districts in the
vicinity of Pittsburgh, and at times the firm has a force
..f men running int.. the hundreds in its employ, as frequently
fifty or 111. .re bouses have been under construc­
tion in various localities at the same time.
MANTELS AND TILES
THE PRETTIEST ORNAMENT TO A HOUSE NOW MADE ARTISTIC­
ALLY INEXPENSIVE
lii the rapid march of improvements in the- building
trade art mantels and tile have- been in the front rank. A
glimpse at latter-day residences is sufficient to show the
vast progress between the .lavs of plain wood, iron or
slate mantels and the- fancy wood and art tile mantels
of to-day. A fireplace- in the home of to-day can be
surrounded with a frame as costly as $1,500. Pittsburgh
concerns have been exceptionally successful in
catering to this trade, being noted for the finer work accomplished
with domestic or imported marble.
TUP. LOGAN COMPANY—This concern, established
in 1895 and incorporated in 1905. does an extensive
wholesale and retail business in mantels, tile, marble,
marbleithic wood, coal and gas fireplaces, andirons, gas,
electric and combination chandeliers and lamps.
d'he company's offices are at 5929-3] P.aum Street,
East End, Pittsburgh, and employs about seventy men.
Its capital is $75,000, and its officials are: A. IP Logan,
president: R. S. Robinson, vice-president, and A. P.
Harrison, secretary and treasurer, ddie Logan Company
is the only local importer of foreign tile and has
built ti]i a large and growing trade in this product.
By close attention t.. business this firm has increased
its floor space from 800 square feet in 1895 to 20,000
square feet at the present time. This was possible only
tbn .ugh unremitting efforts and the skill to please. Some
of the representative contracts filled are the residences
of ('. I). Armstrong. II. J. Heinz, T. AI. Armstrong,
A. R. Pc-aock, A. A. Frauenheim, C. R. Hill. W. H.
Schoen. A. AI. Neeper. Airs. Rebecca Berger. F. E.
Rutan, Airs. Wm. Thaw, Airs. AA'm. Thaw, Jr., Robert
Pitcairn, D. L. Gillespie, R. G. Gillespie, Schenhotel and
manv other public and private buildings.
"Although in its infancy 111 this country," said a
member of this company, "the Tile Industry has unlimited
possibilities both in mural decorations and sanitary
work, and is growing in popularity every vear. The
trade is being revolutionized by improvements with
which we claim to keep in touch."

286 s r o r v o s U R G
BUILDERS' SUPPLIES
HARDLY A DAY PASSES WITHOUT GIVING B1KTH TO SOME
NOVEL SPECIALTY
Though building operations are becoming more spe­
cialized every day, each new specialty giving birth to
companies which immediately establish branch offices or
supplv stations convenient to the centers of great building
activities, the builders' supply house continues to
grow. It is to the building trade what the general store
is t the- ountry village. In Pittsburgh some of the
largest retail and wholesale establishments, representing
investments of millions of dollars and annual sales of
manv more millions, cater almost exclusively to the
building trade. Screws, bolts, nuts, carpenter tools, machinist
tools, steamfitter tools—millions of things necessary
to building—make up a costly stock which must
always be mi hand. A volume could be written mi the
early struggles of some of these concerns, concerns that
have grown now t.. such proportions that many of them
maintain factories ..f their own and have enlarged upon
the territory in which their wares are sold until it includes
the whole world.
IIOPTSTON BROTHERS COMPANY—In building
supplies, as in every line of business, reputation and
age are huge factors in the success of a firm engaged in
that line of industry. After a firm has stood the test
of over tweiitv-five years of activity in its mercantile
pursuits, its customers and the community at large giveto
it unquestioned trust and patronage. Such good will
and fealty are enjoyed bv Houston Brothers Company,
a corporation which has never been found lacking in
any minutest detail of its business.
We shall give just one illustration of the service to
hmne industries rendered bv this company. AA'hen the
company began business, everybody was using imported
cement, it being considered impossible for American
goods to reach the excellence of and the power t compete
with the foreign mate-rial. Houston Brothers began
making a cement thev called "Vulcanite Portland
Cement," one of the earliest brands of the domestic article,
and still mie of their leading manufactures. It
was such a superior material that in a short time- the
trade in imported cement had fallen off immensely, and
n..w American goods are considered better than the
f. .reign.
This company has a capital stock of $175,000. and
does a most flourishing business in Pittsburgh, in western
Pennsylvania and in the adjacent States. Its main
offices and yard are at Thirty-second Street and Pennsylvania
R. P., and a branch office and yard is located
at Shakespeare and Beitler Streets, Fast End, Pittsburgh.
The firm's personnel is as follows: Samuel AI. Houston.
president; Andrew ('. Houston, treasurer; fesse I. Haas.
secretary.
THE D. J. KENNEDY COMPANY—The D. J.
Kennedy Company was established in 1879 and was
incorporated in 1902. The total investment is about
$800,000. The directors of the company are: D. J.
Kennedy, ]. C. Adams and C. AA'. Searight. The company
is a producer of builders' supplies, coal, brick,
cement, lime and sewer pipe. The general offices are
located at 6366 FTankstovvn Avenue, Pittsburgh; the
sales offices and brick exhibit at 1001 Arrott Building,
Pittsburgh; the shipping offices, yards and warehouses
at Braddock Avenue and Thomas Street, at Enterprise
Street and the Pennsylvania Railroad, and at Twentysixth
and Railroad Streets. Pittsburgh.
d'he company ships a large portion of the brick out­
put to Chicago, Toledo. Cleveland. Buffalo, Rochester,
New A'..rk Citv, Philadelphia. Baltimore. AA'ashington
and Boston. Other lines are sent to Pennsylvania, Ohio
and AA'est Virginia, which territory it covers regularly
with its salesmen.
'I'he business was started by I). J. Kennedy in 1873
in a small yard in the F.ast End. After continued
growth and removals, he built in 1904 a yard at Braddock
Avenue and Thomas Street, later it was improved
with warehouses, plaster mill, stables, etc. In 1905 heestablished
yards at Twenty-sixth and Railroad Streets,
in Pittsburgh, and at Island Avenue and the Pennsyl­
vania Pines in Allegheny.
AA'ith fmir yards located as they are, excellent service
can be given mi orders for delivery from Braddock on
the F.ast, to Bellevue and Emsworth mi the AA'est. The
company has railroad sidings in all yards, enabling it to
ship out-of-town orders promptly.
'I'he I). J. Kennedy Company manufactures at its
Wilkinsburg plant "Roman Asbestic" plaster, its own
brand of hard wall plaster. Lehigh Portland cement is
one of its chief commodities, about 2,000,000 barrels
having been used in the Wabash Railroad entrance to
Pittsburgh. The ompany has also furnished several
hundred thousand barrels to the steel mills, for machinery
foundations, and t.. contractors I'm' concrete buildings,
street paving, etc., and to the Government for locks and
dams mi the Ohio, Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers.
The "Darlington Gray" brick of the company has found
favor in Pittsburgh and other cities.
Air. D. J. Kenned}- was born in Pittsburgh in i860,
and began his present business in 1879. He is also
president of the Bulger Block Coal Company, treasurer
and general manager of Darlington Brick & Mining Co.,
director of the City Deposit Bank, Pittsburgh, and the
American Gypsum Company of Cleveland, Ohio. J. C.
Adams, secretary and treasurer of the company, was
born in Armstrong County in 1871 and became identified
with the present business in 1888. Pie is also secretary
and treasurer of the Bulger Block Coal Company, secretary
of the Darlington Brick ev; Alining Co., and
director of the Park Bank.

T II E () R A' ( ) P I T -87
SCOTT A. WHITE—Terra otta is the best building
material. It is made frmn clay by the Northwestern
Terra Cotta Company. Clay is made frmn granite by
nature. The Lord first tried granite, but found it wanting.
Through the slow but powerful agencies of nature-
He decomposes it and transforms it into clav for man
to produce something 111. .re durable than granite. Alan
burns it and makes terra otta.
The Northwestern Terra Cotta Company used thirty
thousand tons of it last year. There was more terra
otta used in this country last year, and more manufactured
by the Northwestern Terra Cotta Company, than
in anv other year.
Enameled terra cotta is naturally given the preference
over any other. At the same time the Northwestern
Terra Cotta Company's new granite ware is coining in
vogue more and more every year. This latter material
was used in the new Union National hank Building,
Pittsburgh, for the entire fronts above the natural granite
in the first two stories. The beautiful color and texture
of the granite are here combined with the artistic possibilities
which terra otta alone possesses. The result
speaks for itself.
For the Mentor or Pike Building, Chicago, the terra
cotta used has a transparent glaze over the granite finish,
which gives it the strong characteristics and luminous
olors of natural polished granite. A few happy touches
of green glaze indicate what might be done bv the application
of different colors 011 a larger scale.
Other possibilities are revealed bv the use of terra
cotta in the new Greensburg court-house. The ivory and
gold enamel work on the turrets and dome glisten in
the sunlight and add to the beauty of the building.
Other conspicuous examples of recent granitware
are the Kittanning National Bank, in Kittanning, Pa.,
the Scarritt Building in Kansas Citv, and the American
Savings Bank & Trust Co. Building in Seattle, and the
Coraopolis Savings & Trust Co.'s building.
Among some of the latest enameled jobs may be mentioned
the McCreery Building, which is an excellent example
of enameled terra cotta treatment; the new Frick
Annex Building shows an up-to-date full-enameled terra
cotta front; white-enameled terra otta will also be used
extensively mi the new Grunewald Hotel in New Orleans,
as well as in the new People's National hank at
McKeesport. Pa.
Considering durability, fire-proof qualities, beauty and
variety of color and artistic possibilities, it is not surprising
that architects throughout the country use terra
otta wherever thev can in preference to stone or any
other building material.
Among the buildings in Pittsburgh in which Air.
Scott A. White has furnished Northwestern Terra Cotta
are the following: McCreery Building. Zoch Building,
Kleber Building. Oliver Building, Oliver and Liberty
Avenues; Farmers' Bank Building, Frick Annex Build­
ing, Grand Opera 11..use. Union National Bank Building,
Saner Building, Carnegie Institute, Carnegie I ech-
nical Schools. Vilsack Building, Parrell Building,
Tradesman's Building. Federal Street Station, Demmler
and Schenck Buildings, and others.
All those interested will find a hearty welcome at the
Terra Cotta Exhibit of Sott A. White, 609 Lewis
Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
CORNICES, SKYLIGHTS, CEILINGS
IN VERY MANY WAYS WOOD HAS GIVEN WAY TO METAL IN
DECORATIVE DETAILS
Metal as a building necessity has been increasing in
importance each year, and Pittsburgh is among the foremost
cities both in the manufacture of metallic trimmings
and in finding new ways to utilize metal work.
Aletal ornices and skylights have long been a trade
staple, and the making of these annually adds a great sum
to the total of Pittsburgh's prosperity and gives work to
an army of men. Pittsburgh, however, has excelled in
producing the 111..re modern metal fixture, the metallic
ceiling, and the enterprising men back of companies turning
mit these ceilings have made their adoption almost
universal throughout the Steel City.
ALLEGHENY COR.NIC P. & SKYLIGHT CO.
—Starting in [896, a partnership of two, in the tin
roofing, cornice and skylight work mi a small scale,
by \')OT, the capital was inadequate to take care of the
business and a corporation was formed selling just
enough stock t>. enable them to handle work of any
magnitude, but keeping the same management and high
standard of work, thus the Allegheny Cornice & Skylight
C... has beome one of the foremost in architectural
sheet-metal work in the State.
It makes cornices, skylights, fire-proof windows, and
anything in architectural sheet-metal work, and is expert
in any kind of roofing. Its factory and wareroom is in
Boquet Street. Allegheny, where the average number of
employees is about seventy-five. The office of the company
is in the Ferguson Building, Pittsburgh.
The special structural iron skylights are made in any
weight or strength desired, and cannot be duplicated
anywhere. It has the facilities for making any design
of cornice out of any metal desired, suitable for building's
.s
. .t any style 1 ir size.
It makes a specialty of iron pipe work of large scale
for mills, factories or large buildings. It has somethingnew
in metal wall-ties for brick-work, and the automatic
closing double-hung or pivoted sheet-metal window it
claims has no equal in America.
The company executed the contract for the architectural
sheet-metal work, copper cornices, etc.. on the
buildings erected for the Carnegie Institute, Department
of Technical Schools, in [905 and [906, also for the

288 T 11 E S T O R V () F T S R- U R G
Pultmi Building, one
f the finest and best-built build- able to handle contracts of any size. The members are
IP I. AlcClaskev, president and general manager; W. C.
ings in Pittsburgh or the country, and completed in [906.
McClaskey, vice-president; Henry AlcKnight. treasurer;
Also large oval dome skylights mi the Dollar Savings
hank in Fourth Avenue. Pittsburgh. Another contract
R A. I lendricks. m, secretary.
executed was f..r the automatic closing, double-hung and
pivoted sheet-metal windows, frames and sash in the
seven-story steel and brick fire-proof building ol the
THOMAS W. IRWIN MANUFACTURING
COMPANY—Brightly lighted railroad terminals and
Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co. at Past factories all over the country and abroad attest the value
Pittsburgh built this year. It also furnished similar of and admiration for another Pittsburgh product—sky-
windows in the tire walls of the Reymer Candy Fac- lights. The Thomas W. Irwin Manufacturing Company,
tory just completed in Forbes Street, one of the largest a corporation capitalized at $100,000 and occupying a
and best equipped in existence. The ompanv also made large factory at Craig and Rebecca Streets, Northside,
the windows in the Westinghouse Air Brake Company's makes the largest skylights m use. besides doing an ex-
TYPES OF WORK DONE BY ALLEGHENY CORNICE \ SKYLIGHT COMPANY
new building at Wilmerding. Some of the recent on- tensive business in sheet-metal architectural work. Much
tracts were: Pittsburgh Gage & Supply Co., Hartley- of the company's success is due t>> Air. Irwin's inven-
Rose Belting Company, Pittsburgh A'alve Foundry & tions in metal skylight work, while the company is noted
Construction Co., Craig Buildings, Annex Hotel, Presby- fm- its high grade of workmanship and guarantee nf the
terian Hospital, and Nieman residence. highest standard in material and construction.
The Allegheny Cornice & Skylight Co. may be quoted The company was established in 1872, at that time
as saving in regard t its business and the future of employing but eight men. The working force now num-
Pittsburgh as followS: "'flu- architectural sheet-metal hers 125. Since that time the company has manufacbusiness
has a large field bet'..re it throughout the entire tured and put int.. use over s,000.000 square feet of metal
world. Fire-prool metal windows are milv vet in their skylighting.
infancy, and the outlook in Pittsburgh and all the cities One of the biggest contracts ever executed bv the
..f America is exceptionally g 1." company is the equipping of the Carnegie Institute build-
The company is capitalized at $100,000 and financially ings with skylights, over 143,000 square feet of sky-

T TI E S T O R Y O F P I T T S B U R G H 280
lighting alone being in use on those structures. An almost THE KIER FIRE BRICK COMPANY—Promsimilar
amount was made for the factories of the West- incut among the older business firms of Pittsburgh is the
inghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co. at Past Pitts- Pier Fire Brick Company, which, under various titles,
burgh. The P. & P. IP railroad trainshed is another has been doing a successful business in the same line for
example of the company's work, besides innumerable in. .re than half a century. It was first established in
others. 184;.
Thomas AA'. Irwin is president of the company; C. E. After a successful career frmn 1845 to about 1871,
Laudenberger. vice-president; C. C. Irwin, secretary- S. M. Kier, the founder, was succeeded by his three sons,
treasurer, and R. AI. Pursch. shop foreman. \\ . P. Kier, T. C. Pier and II. P.. Pier, under the firm
name of Kier Pros. W. P. Kier purchased the interest
S. KEIGHLEY METAL CEILING & AIANP- of H. E. Kier in 1899, and that of the T. C. Kier estate
FACTURING CO.—The manufacture of metal ceilings in [900, and conducted the business under the old firm
and side walls, skylights, sheet-metal cornices, fire-proof name until he incorporated it under the laws nf Pennsheet-metal
window-frames, metal lockers, shelving and sylvania as the Pier Fire Prick Company. He was
bnxes, meets an ever increasing demand occasioned by president of the corporation until bis death in 1905.
fire-proof structural work in buildings. The officers of the- present company are: S. AI. Pier,
The S. Keighlev Metal Ceiling & Manufacturing Co: president; P. S. Kier. treasurer, and J. T. Boyd, sechas
its main office at 819 Locust Street, Pittsburgh; its retary. The ompany is capitalized at $'.0,000. and emfour
branches are at [335 P Street. N. W.. Washington, ploys 150 men. Its main office is in Pittsburgh, and its
D. C, at 15 AA". German Street, Baltimore, Aid., at 560 works at Salina, Pa.
Wythe Avenue, Brooklyn, N. A'., and at 514 Atlantic d'he success of this concern, which has been directed
Avenue, Boston, Alass. Its factory is at Follansbee, West and controlled by the same family for so manv vears, is
Virginia. It employs about 1 50 men. an apt illustration of the rewards which are bound tn
Its products, which are largely used mi government flow from industry, integrity and that wise business manbuildings,
are shipped tn all parts of the country, and agement which gives attention tn details as well as tn
as far away as India. One of (he largest contracts was the larger interests of a concern. The name of Kier in
for copper window frames in the $2,000,000 Baltimore the- fire-brick and tile- trade is a synonym for everything
and Ohio office building at Baltimore. They are also that is excellent.
used in the Union National Bank and Century Building.
The ompany is snle manufacturer nf lock-joint ceil- SANKEY BROTHERS—Success of a kind that is
ings known as "Moore's Lock-Joint Ceiling. Ihe particularly the Pittsburgh brand is that'accomplished by
characteristic is that all the joints of the ceiling are- Sankev Brothers, without whose brick works any story
locked together preventing dust and soot, fhe fire-prooi Df the Southside would be incomplete. The concern is
window-frames have similar and added merits. a growth >>\ two generations of Sankeys born and reared
The company was established in 1881 by S. Keighley. n, Pittsburgh. Sankey Brothers' workmen are Pitts-
The members are S. Keighley, president; R. A. I mop. burghers, the firm's material is a Pittsburgh product,
vice-president; W. T. Troop, secretary and treasurer. and many Pittsburgh buildings and homes attest the
enduring quality and painstaking workmanship in the
BRICK AND FIRE-BRICK Sankev brick'
The Sankev bricks are made of callous stone or shale
IT IS A PROSPEROUS BUSINESS THAT FINDS S ITSELF PUSHED TO , - ," .. , • , , ... ,, • , , ,
.Ira drawn
mav not
trmn
impress
the Southside
a person as
lulls.
odd until
Pricks
this
made
information
of stone
Plants cramped MEET for room THE and DEMAND unable to fill orders fast is supplemented by the statement that bricks—the cornenough
is a chronic condition in one of the more pros- mon red brick of commerce—are made usually of a parlien.us
of all Pittsburgh industries, that of brickmaking. ticular grade of clav. In Pittsburgh stone is pounded
This, too, in face of the fact that steel construction and fine, "pugged" int.. mud, then pressed or cut int.. the
reinforced concrete have superseded the old-lime brick familiar oblong brick.
construction in innumerable high and important buildings. The Sankev brick is famous throughout the Pitts-
Where the brickmaker has been crowded out "f the high burgh district, and it is due t the Sankev Brothers that
building—and he has been bv no means crowded out en- the Southside hills were Inst utilized for brick-making
tirely—he has recovered bv the demand for brick build- purposes.
ings where the wooden structure used tn predominate. "I guess making brick nf shale first was suggested
In addition brick has found new uses, while fire-brick is a when people down the ( Ihio River began tn make brick
very important staple, especially in Pittsburgh's mills, nf fire-clay," Prank W. Sankev, secretary-treasurer of
plants and factories, and more brick is being made to-day the company, said in telling of the company's progress
than ever before. for "flic Story of Pittsburgh." He added: "It would

2 go S T

S T O R Y O F P I T T S B U R G !Q1
immense piece of timber of 86,900 acres in Tennessee. Honduras Company, and the Commercial Sash & Door
This tract consists of the finest hardwood, and when the Co., Mr. Gillespie is connected with a number of other
firm begins active and full operations will yield some of important enterprises. I lis office in Pittsburgh is with
the best .lumber in the country. the 1). P. Gillespie Lumber Company at 541 Wood
The Pittsburgh offices are in the Prick Building, and Street.
their branch sales offices are located in Boston, Alass.; On October 2^. 1885, he was married to Miss Anna
Johnstown, Pa.; Babcock, Pa., and Ashtola, Pa. R. Darlington in Wilmington, Delaware.
Politically David L. Gillespie always has been ac-
THE P.. Ah DIEBOLD LUMBER COMPANY— counted a Republican.
To supply greater Pittsburgh with lumber, by wholesale. The Pittsburgh clubs t.. which be belongs are the
the I-.. AI. Die-bold Company is well prepared. Americus and Duquesne.
In the "East End," on Brushton Avenue, adjacent to To one possessing ability such as be has demonthe
Pennsylvania Railroad tracks, is located the com- strated the highway t.. greater success will continue to
pany's great timber repository. In area this storage be an open mad.
yard is over 70.000 square feet, and stored there, usually,
are upwards of 5,000,000 feet of lumber. Especial KENDALL LUMBER COMPANY—The Yough
facilities for shipping enable the company to deliver Manor Lumber Company, organized in 1001. took over
lumber by the carload advantagemsly. the Preston Lumber & Coal Co. of Oakland, Maryland,
( omprised in the stock constantly carried by the P.. in [905, and. subsequently, both were merged int.. the
AI. Die-bold Lumber Company are practically every form Kendall Lumber Company of Pittsburgh, thus forming
and variety of lumber known to the trade. From West one of the strongest concerns in the trade.
Virginia and Wisconsin, and from distant Washington The officers of this company, whose names are a
and Oregon a considerable portion of the company's guarantee of good faith in all dealings, are: I. P.
supply is drawn. Kendall, president; S. A. Kendall, vice-president; |. II.
In addition t.. its large trade in lumber, the company Henderson, secretary; J. C. Kendall, treasurer, and W.
makes a specialty of mill work. The variety which its P. Schatz. auditor, 'flic Messrs. Kendall belong t>. the
lumber yards afford, joined t>. the mill output, makes it well known Somerset County family of that name, and
practicable to obtain frmn the P.. AI. Die-bold Company are noted for their business enterprise. The president
about everything of wood that builders utilize or desire. has been in the lumber business for twenty-five vears. .and
The general office of the P. Ah Die-bold Lumber the vice-president for seventeen vears. The latter served
c ompany is at 6024 Penn Avenue; an important branch as a superintendent of schools in Iowa, and as a member
office has been established in Wilkinsburg; in various ol the legislature in Pennsylvania. The treasurer was
respects the company is very favorably situated for the the efficient superintendent of schools in Homestead for
transaction of its business. Of the company that bears twenty vears and resigned to join this company. The
bis name P.. AI. Die-bold is the president and prime mover. other officials are experts in their lines.
AA'ith its strong connection and extensive trade, with Ihe Kendall Lumber Company has mills at Kendall
its ample facilities and increasing prestige, with all of and Crellin. Aid., and employs Ooo men, its trade covergreater
Pittsburgh as its base of operations the P. AI. ing large portions of Maryland, AA'est Virginia, Ohio
Diebold Lumber Company occupies a splendid position. and Pennsylvania. Speaking of the future of Pittsburgh
relative to the trade, a member of the linn said:
DAVID P. GILLESPIE—He who is the architect "A ship canal would relieve the congested freight
of his own fortune the better appreciates the excellent situation and develop the district. Pittsburgh is one of
things that are his. Of Pittsburghers who have risen. the best lumber markets in the United States, while its
unaided, frmn adversity to affluence, not the least on- business and banking interests are surprisingly large."
spicuous is David P. Gillespie. I lie offices of the company are in the House Building.
horn in Pittsburgh 011 October 20. 1858, s. 1 soon
as he was old enough to go, he was sent to the public SCHULZE ex EMANUEL—AA'hen a firm has been
schools. At the- age of 13 he began to work as a tele- in business for over half a century as Schulze & Emanuel
graph messenger boy; two years later he entered the em- has been, its integrity and reliability need not be vouched
ploy of Lewis, Oliver & Phillips. With that well known for. neither are thev questioned in the least particular
firm he continued until he was prepared to embark in To have weathered the storms of fifty ...1.1 vears in a
business mi his own account. In 1887 he organized the business that is always fust to feel anv depression or
D. P. Gillespie Lumber Company, of which he is the stringency in the money markets of the country that
senior partner. Achieving success in this undertaking, of building and hardwood lumber and mill work has
he extended his interests. P.esi.les being identified with required an amount of business ability.
the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, the Pittsburgh The company was established by fohn Nanz in [865

2Q2 T (» R Y O
a critical time for the exploitation of a new concern.
lie retired manv vears ago, and was succeeded by Oscar
Schulze and Andrew Emanuel. The yard at that timewas
very small, the business vet in its infancy. These
two vming men made the oncern until it now is one
..f the largest yards and carries the largest stock of any
in this territory.
The hardwood and fancy cabinet vv 1 business has
always been a distinctive feature of the firm, and the
large stock of these commodities carried permanently,
together with the fact that the materials sold have always
been just as represented, have caused a steady and
growing demand for these articles.
Andrew Emanuel died in [903, at which time his
interests were bought out by Air. Schulze. who is now
sole owner. The offices are located at 608-622 Third
Street, and 607-621 North Avenue. Allegheny, and their
yards are at Madison Avenue. Gang Avenue and Ravine-
Street. Allegheny.
CEMENT
THE MODERN USES OF CEMENT ARE FAST REVOLUTIONIZING
THE BUILDING TRADE
The coming era in the building world looms largely
with the outlook nf an increased use nf cement in numerous
ways. Experience has demonstrated its value in
so manv different uses that there is hardly a branch of
building or construction that does not use it in largequantities
for various purposes. It has been often tried
and has invariably proven its value, even to the modern
idea of the reinforced concrete house that has been enthusiastically
adopted in all sections of the country, and
strikingly illustrates utility linked to economy. Edison's
$1,000 house will so..11 be a common occurrence.
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT C0A1PANA —
This company nwus and operates four large plants for
the manufacture of portland cement, and has a total annual
output >.f ab.nit five million barrels, d'he industry
was established in [891, when the cement industry was
in its infancy. As this line nf business has grown, s..
has the business of this company, until now it ranks as
mie of the leading cement producers of the L'nited States.
"I'he oncern manufactures and markets but one grade
of cement, which is known tn the trade as Alpha, and
is what is known t>. the trade as a strictly straight Portland
grade.
'I'he officers of the company are AA'illiam AI. Alc-
Kelvey, president; A. P. Gerstell, vice-president; (1. S.
Brown, secretary and treasurer, and P. G. McKelvey,
assistant secretary, d'he general nffices are located at
F.ast.hi. Pa., within easy reach of all the plants.
Branch offices are maintained in the following cities,
which, it will be noted, are the centers of the largest
cement-using sections of the country: New York Citv,
p I T T S P. K R G II
Philadelphia. Chicago, Boston, Baltimore. Buffalo and
Pittsburgh.
Two of the plants of the company are located at
Alpha. N. J., about seventy miles west of New York
City, while the other two are situated at Martin's Creek,
Pa., about eighty miles west of New York. The com­
pany makes the claim that there is no cement manufac­
turing company in the East having the excellent railroad
and shipping facilities that this concern has, the Alpha,
N. J., plants being located on the main line of the Lehigh
Valley Railroad; and the Martin's Creek plants on the
Pennsylvania Railroad, the Delaware, Lackawanna &
Western Railroad, and the Lehigh ev: New- England Railroad.
These connections place the company in position
to give the very best service to anv part of the country
in the way of prompt shipments, as well as to reach all
points at the lowest possible freight rates.
The immense limestone quarries of the company are
located in what is known as the Lehigh Valley Cement
Belt, the analysis of the stone showing that it is of the
finest composition in that belt. The deposits run very
uniform in quality, in fact 111. .re so than is usually the
case, and it is mi the strength of this that it is claimed
that the cement is so generally uniform and shows many
indications ..f superiority.
An ironclad guarantee is given with every barrel of
cement sold, which has caused the product to be given
the excellent reputation it has held for over sixteen years.
Atlas cement has been used in some nf the largest cmtracts
in the country, n..t milv in the construction of
concrete and reinforced concrete buildings, but in some
..f the heaviest railroad work that has been attempted in
this part of the country.
Ihe Pittsburgh office of the company is located in
the German National Bank Building, and is in charge of
Air. II. N. A an Voi.rhis, win. has succeeded in capturing
s.nne nf the largest cement contracts that have ever been
awarded from this city. Among these were the entire
requirements of Portland cement for the Hostetter Building,
the Commonwealth Trust Company Building, the
Union National hank Building, and the Keenan Building,
as well as many other well known structures.
GLASS SAND
A BUSINESS BUILT ON MERIT. AND WHICH IS GROWING
STRONGER EVERY DAY
Glass-making in Pittsburgh owes no small part of its
present great fame t.. the quality of glass sand, a thing
which enters very largely int.. glass-making, that manufacturers
have been unable t.. secure. The securing of a
proper grade of sand for glass purposes has been made
a study of years by Pittsburghers who furnish it. No
expense has been spared in getting the best. The result
has been the building up ..f a prosperous business, a business
built mi merit, and which is growing every dav.

T II E S T O R Y O F S P. I' R (i I 29:
PENNSYLVANIA CLASS SAND COMPANY—
One of the most potent influences in helping to perpetuate
the ancient art of glass-making is the Pennsyl­
vania Glass Sand Company with offices in the Fidelity
Title ex Trust Co.'s Building in Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh.
This is because the company named furnishes
the most essential material in the manufacture of glass
to factories all over the eastern half of the country.
When the barefooted boy plays in the sand-pile with
such rare delight he does not realize that every grain of
sand is but so much glass. But when he becomes older
he learns the story of sand and its uses, and the imp..riant
part it plays in the interesting history nf glass-making.
d'he manufacture nf glass was known t.. the Egyptians
at a very early date. Tombs nf the fourth and fifth
dynasties, 4,000 B.C., show glass-blowers at work.
and glazed pottery in the form of beads occurs in prehistoric
times, though true glass first appears later in
the f o rm (> f
.ipaque paste, and,
finally, as trans­
parent glass.
The oldest ex­
ample of darkbl
tie glass is a
pendant found at
Naqada, w h i c h
s e e m s t.. date
from the seventh
dynasty, though
no nth e r specimens
. .f this man-
11 fact 11 r e a r e
known before the
eighteenth. T h e
fullest information
as to the
processes and materials used by the Egyptians is furnished
by the discovery of a glass-works of the
eighteenth dynasty. Here were found fritting pans.
in which the first melting of the substances took place.
and also many imperfectly fused frits, ddie ingredients
used were silica, lime, alkalies and copper carbonate, but
the exact proportions needed to secure a given color do
-Kxxsvi.v.vxi.v .;
not seem to have been known, and the exact tint produced
must have been largely a matter of chance. They did
know, however, that river sand, frmn the presence of
iron, gave a green tinge, and to avoid this used crushed
quartz pebbles.
Tyre and Sid. .11 were celebrated for their glass. Pliny
locates its invention at the mouth of a river in Phoenicia.
Mis story is that the crew of a ship laden with niter
landed at this point, and when preparing to 00k their
food found 11.1 stones mi which to rest the kettle. They
therefore used lumps of niter frmn the ship, and as these
were fused with the tine sand a stream of liquid glass
flowed out. So, like manv other discoveries, it all came
about bv an accident pure and simple.
Glassmakers came to Jamestown. Va., in [608, the
year after the colony was founded, but thev received
little encouragement, and the craze for tobacco seems t..
have side-tracked the more important industry of glassmaking
in the Old Dominion for generations. In 1787
the Massachusetts legislature gave to a company an exclusive
privilege for fifteen years for glass-making in
that colony. In 170(1 the first glass-works in Pittsburgh
was established at the base of (oal Mill, now Alt. Washington,
near the southside approach to the Point Bridge,
and Pittsburgh has been the center of the glass industry
in the Ldiited States ever since. This industry to-day is
milv less important than in .11 and coal in the Pittsburgh
territory.
d'he Pennsylvania (ilass Sand Company is a corporation
established in [899, which does an extensive business
in furnishing
s a n d-ri ick silica
f..r the manufacture
of glass of
all kinds, and for
potteries. It has
extensive works
at Lewistown,
Pa., and employs
about 500 men.
Its capital is $2,-
ooo 000. Its product
is sold and
s h i p ]> e .1 to all
parts . .f the Unit­
ed States east of
t h e Mississippi
River a n . .ps lift

?n4 S T O R Y O F P S U R G I
a ton of sand at a time out of a barge and drop it into
repositories on shore, underneath which stand wagons
ready to be loaded and deliver the cargo. Sand is enter­
ing into commercial use more than ever before, and the
demand is growing with the increased demand every­
where for products into which sand enters.
IRON CITY SAND COMPANY—This company
was established smne sixteen years ago for the purpose
of dealing in sand and gravel used for building purposes
and in street paving. Its officers are: P. M. Pfeil,
president; A. L. Wallace, vice-president; C. H. Stolzenbach,
secretary and treasurer; John R. Clark, director,
and Jacob Minsinger, director. The officers are also
directors, d'he company has $500,000 capital, and employs
about 150 men as well as teams, boats, floats, yards,
etc.
The general offices of the Iron City Sand Company
are at 307 Westinghouse Building, Pittsburgh; Southside
department at the foot of South Twenty-second Street,
Pittsburgh; central department at foot of Fifth Street.
Pittsburgh, and Northside departments at foot of Darrah
Street and foot of Locust Street, Allegheny.
This company is a consolidation of four others.
namely, Stolzenbach & Pfeil, the Star Sand Company,
the Vigilant Sand Company, and the Monongahela Sand
Company, ddie sand and gravel are dredged in the
Monongahela, Allegheny and Ohio Rivers and washed.
screened and delivered by wagons and by rail to points
locally and within a radius of fifty miles of Pittsburgh.
The total deliveries for last year amounted to 19,000,-
000 busbies, or 950,000 tons.
P. M. Pfeil, who has been president of the company
since its organization, was born in Germany, but emigrated
to Pittsburgh, Southside, when quite young, and
got a common-school education. lie then entered into
the teaming business, and from that into the sand business,
lie resides at the corner of Northumberland Street
and Shady Avenue, Twenty-second ward, city.
A. L. AA'allace, vice-president, was born and raised
on the Southside and went to the common schools and
entered the employ of the Jones & Laughlin Steel Co.
when quite small, with whom he was employed for twenty
odd vears. In 1892 he entered the employ of the Iron
City Sand Company as bookkeeper, and in addition to
his office as vice-president still holds that position.
C. H. Stolzenbach, secretary and treasurer, was born
and raised on the Southside and had a common-school
education, and succeeded his father. C. J. Stolzenbach.
who was the senior member of the firm of Stolzenbach
& Pfeil. He resides at 140 South Fairmount Avenue,
Twentieth ward, Pittsburgh. Pa.
John R. Clark, director, was born and raised in Allegheny
Citv, and in early clays used to screen sand by
hand on the bars of the Allegheny River, after which he-
was one of the organizers of the Star Sand Company,
which was absorbed by the Imn City Sand Company.
He resides on Termmi Avenue, Allegheny, Pa.
Jacob Minsinger, director, was born and raised in
the Thirty-second ward. He received a common-school
education. He was one of the incorporators of the Star
Sand Company. He is the senior member of The Minsinger
Company, which so successfully carries on a gen­
eral contract business.
RODGERS SAND COMPANY—This company,
with offices at 321 AAPater Street, Pittsburgh, is the largest
concern of the kind in Greater Pittsburgh. It does a
verv extensive general business as dealer and shipper of
all kinds of sand and gravel for contractors, builders and
others, and for this purpose employs many men, teams,
boats, machinery, etc., requiring a heavy investment of
capital. Its capital is $350,000, and its employees num­
ber about four hundred.
The Rodgers Sand Company has introduced modern
and systematic methods in the handling of sand and
gravel mi an extensive scale. Its vast business could not
be done in the old-fashioned way, and, besides, the
greatly increased demand for concrete as a building material
makes it necessary to use up-to-date machinery and
methods, d'he company owns its steamers and dredges
besides a number of other craft, landings, floats and
yards for the proper handling of the material. The
steamers and dredges are the "Margaret," "Charlotte,"
"Rebecca." "Harriet," "Alice" and "Flora."
The Rodgers Sand Company was established in 1900.
AAr. B. Rodgers is president; J. H. Rodgers, treasurer,
and AA^. B. Rodgers, Jr., secretary. The president is the
well-known river man Capt. AA'. B. Rodgers, prominent
in the Coal Exchange and Chamber of Commerce. The
other officials are his sons.
THE BUCKEYE SAND COMPANY—G. A. Wilson,
president; S. A. Carson, secretary, and M. S. Moore,
treasurer—is miner and shipper of Conneaut, A'incent,
Bellaire, Tuscarawas and Zanesville moulding sand.
Their main office is in the AA'abash Building, Pittsburgh.
with branch offices in Cleveland, Buffalo and Detroit.
It handles only the standard quartz, and as moulding sand
is used in all foundries of the rapidly growing Pittsburgh
industries, a steadily increasing demand is sure to grow
year by year.
'I'he company started in a small way in 1903: last
year ( 1906) it shipped t.yoo cars, and expects this year
to ship 2.300 cars. It ships as far as Greensburg in the
East, and as far AA'est as Chicago; also in Canada, Alichigan,
Indiana, Ohio and New York State. It is the largest
independent operator in the United States.

S U P P L I E S - M I N E , M I L L , E L E C T R I C A L
Probably Over Ninety Per Gent, of Mine and Mill
Supplies Made in Pittsburgh — An Investment Running
Into Millions Necessary to Handle the Immense Trade
PITTSBURGH'S fame as a workshop is divided
into so many classifications that instances of
enormous individual activities are somewhat
dwarfed through being only part of the big
things that are done in a locality where big accomplishments
are commonplace. Beer made Milwaukee famous;
Buffalo is famous for its great lake shipping; vet an
industry in Pittsburgh favorably comparing with either
one of these is but mie of the innumerable giant lines
of endeavor which make Pittsburgh industrial triumphs
read like a latter-day fairy tale. The supply business in
the Pittsburgh district, or that part of it embracing
plumbing, electrical and kindred supplies for the workshop,
building or home, is an industry with a yearly volume
of business totalling $50,000,000 and giving employment
to close t.. 20,000 workingmen.
This great business is aside from the installation of
power machinery and building.operations, and only infrequently
includes furnishing the workmen to put in
the equipment. In short, it is the business done over the
ountc-r or through the mails by concerns manufacturing
the articles or acting as agents.
Expansive storehouses and great salesrooms are
needed to handle the orders in the Pittsburgh district.
but the industry extends far beyond the area of home
consumption. Pittsburgh is the enameled iron and sevver
pipe center of the world. Probably 90 per cent, of the
mine and mill supplies used here are made here. Everything
imaginable in the electrical supply line, from a roll
of insulation tape to pretentious and expensive light chan­
deliers, are made in this vicinity.
While Pittsburgh supplies about everything that is
part of a hotel ..r a restaurant, excepting the food, it
crowds about as close to the latter as could be expected
^95
of an industrial center, for culinary and sanitary equipment
is one of the things in which Pittsburgh is a world's
base. Bath tubs and plumbing fixtures made here adorn
the homes of kings, besides bobbing up serenely wherever
the globe-trotting Pittsburgher happens to set his
legs, whether in the famous old cities of Europe or in
Africa. South America or the far F.ast. It might also
be said that the world's food is cooked by Pittsburgh, and
that Pittsburgh frappes the globe, for the most up-to-date
ideas in culinary machinery are produced in the region
of the Smoky Citv, while its ice-boxes and refrigerating
specialties generally are a world-tried and approved
pn .duct.
Some ..f the places equipped with sanitary specialties
made in Pittsburgh are the Grand Hotel. St. Aloritz,
Switzerland; Buckingham Palace (residence of King
Edward), London. England; American Club, Havana,
tuba: Chapultepec Castle (residence of President Diaz),
Mexico; Journal De Commercio Building, Rio Janeiro,
Brazil; Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, Bombay, India; Titchfield
Hotel, Port Antonio, Jamaica.
The supply industry, besides giving work to a great
army of Pittsburghers. has been still another source of
tangible benefit to the great city. A property investment
running into millions of dollars has been necessary to
handle the immense trade. The principal warehouses
and stores are within the limits of Greater Pittsburgh
and thereby form a considerable element in the city's
property valuation. Some of these concerns occupy
buildings fronting upon a full city block, and the daily
shipments by water and rail are a big item in the city's
tonnage. Railroads centering in or passing through
Pittsburgh have fullsmne reasons to be thankful for the
great growth of the supply business and the manner in

296 I S T O R Y O T T S U R G 11
which it has been distributed over a wide area. Whole
carloads of supplies billed to nearby industrial centers
in eastern Ohio and AA'est Virginia form a steady and
ever-increasing freight movement of great dimensions.
PLUMBERS' SUPPLIES
A LOCAL BUSINESS THAT HAS GROWN IN TWENTY YEARS TO
SPLENDID PROPORTIONS
Nowhere has the wand of industrial progress been
more liberally applied than in the manufacture of plumbing
and kindred supplies and in the methods of dealers
handling these products.
The plumbing
s u p ]> l y business in
Pittsburgh alone has
g r o w 11 in twenty
years fro 111 practically
nothing to a
calling supporting
400 plumbing establishments
and twenty
]) 1 u m hi n g supply
houses. It will be a
revelation to the outsider
to know that 50
per cent, of w h a t
used to be a job of
plumbing now comes
f r o m t h e factory
complete and ready
to be put in place.
On the w ings of
these improvements
has come that boon
to h e a 11 h. o p e n
plumbing. Each new
step has s e r v e d to
make the supply
bouse more important,
an importance
.. 11 1 y secondary to
that of the manufacturer
of building supplies in its various branches.
BAILEY-FARRELL MANUFACTURING COMPANY BUILDING
Whole bathrooms, with every necessary detail of
equipment, are a made-to-order proposition of to-day,
whereas a few years ago this complete outfit divided
among a number of industries, and its making and putting
together involved loss of much valuable time. AAdiat is
true of the bathroom is true of kindred equipment. Today
the "wiped" joint, the ability to execute which heretofore
denoted the good plumber, is being superseded
about as rapidly as the horse is being superseded by the
automobile.
Nickel-plated piping and enameled iron have revolutionized
the plumbing supply business.
BAILEY-FARRELL MANUFACTURING COM­
PANY—This well known and very highly successful
company and its predecessors were the pioneers in the
plumbing supply business in the United States. This com­
pany was founded by Geo. Bailey, who conducted a plumbing
business at 129 Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh, now 407.
Upon the death of Geo. Bailey the business was carried
on by his son, Henry J. Bailey, who assumed charge at
the age of eighteen. After conducting the business for a
few months he formed a partnership with John Farrell
under the name of Bailey-Farrell & Co. in 1858, and
continued business at 129 Fourth Avenue. This business
gradually de­
veloped into the
handling of plumbing
supplies. In the
year 1865 so greatly
had the business of
the company expanded
it was found necessary
to secure larger
quarters, and the
property at 619 and
621 Smithfielcl Street
w a s p u r c base d,
where a suitable
building for the needs
of the company was
erected, and the company
began the manufacture
of lead pipe,
sheet lead, plumbers',
steam fitters' and engine
builders' brass
work, which business
was successfully continued
until 1906,
when the manufacturing
plant was sold
and the company retired
from the manufacturing
field, devoting
its attention to
its larger jobbing business. In the year 1878 the company
entered the shot-manufacturing field and erected
a shot tower in the rear of 619 Smithfield Street. The
shot works was afterwards sold to the American Shot &
Lead Co., of which Mr. Farrell was organizer and first
president.
In 1891 the company was incorporated and the name
changed to Bailey-Farrell Manufacturing Company with
the following officers: President. John Farrell; Adce-
President, Geo. H. Bailey; Treasurer, Henry J. Bailey;
Secretary, J. A. Kelly.
A fine showroom was added for the exhibition of
plumbing and sanitary goods and other articles of this

T II E S T O R Y O F U K G 297
character. The business of the company grew at a remarkable
rate, and the name of Bailey-Farrell Manufac­
turing Company became the synonym for lead and brass
goods. Hydrants, street washers, water regulators,
smoke test machines and lead-burning machines were
also manufactured by the company, and every articleneeded
by the plumber was carried in stock.
In 1902 the growing needs of the company required
additional space, and the property of the corner of Third
Avenue and Ross Street, Pittsburgh, was purchased.
Upon this plot a magnificent fire-proof building eight
stories in height, J2 x 1 26 feet, was erected, and is now
occupied by the company housing the various departments.
The manufacturing department comprising the
sheet, lead and lead-pipe work and brass works were
located at Rankin, Pa., the company having purchased
two and a half acres in that borough. The Rankin
works was equipped with the most improved devices for
the speedy and economical manufacture of lead and
brass goods, and shipping facilities were unexcelled.
In 10/53 important changes were made in the company.
Air. John Farrell and Mr. Henry J. Bailey, respectively
president and treasurer of the company and
founders, retired from the management of the business,
disposing of their holdings to Geo. H. Bailey, Robert
Garland and John AA'. Garland, and new officers and directors
succeeded to the management of the business,
namely: Geo. H. Bailey, presielent; John \\r. Garland.
vice-president; Robert Garland, treasurer, and Chas G.
Noble, secretary.
Mr. Henry J. Bailey dying eight months afterwards.
the company then purchased the Mansfield Manufacturing
Company, a successful company manufacturing
plumbing supplies in Pittsburgh, which plant it added to
its own.
Mr. Geo. R. Acheson was elected a director and
general manager, which position he held until his retirement
in 1906, when he was succeeded by W. B. Bryar.
ddie Bailey-Farrell Manufacturing Company then decided
to retire from the manufacturing field and elevote
its energies to its very large jobbing business, disposing
of its Rankin AA'orks to the Acheson Manufacturing-
Company, ddie company feel that their great success is
due to their efficient organization, which they have been
able to bring together, and their modern up-to-date facilities
for expeditious handling of their shipments.
The present board of directors consists of: Geo. H.
Bailey. John W. Garland. AA'. B. Bryar, Robert Garland,
("has. G. Noble, Thos. J. Norton and Fred Moore.
DUQUESNE SANITARY COMPANY—It is said
that no feature of the building traeles has shown greater
improvement in recent years in the direction of the com­
fort, convenience and health of the people than that of
sanitary plumbing. This progress has not only been
marked in the increased skill of the workmen themselves.
but by the greater care exercised by employers, and espe­
cially by the wonderful improvement in all kinds oi
plumbing supplies as turned out by the manufacturer.
While formerly death lurked in the poor plumbing about
the average house because the builder thought anything
would do, and the cheaper the better for him, now all
this is changed and the contracting plumber does not
dare to use anything but good material and employ the
most skilled workmen. While little of the plumbing
work is seen, it has become more important to both the
landlord and the tenant than the mere finish and decorative
features of the house.
The manufacturers deserve much credit for this improved
condition by turning out better supplies, but
plumbers themselves have improved their qualifications
since thev have to possess a license, or a certificate of
competency before they can do business. Only recently
fifty-two applicants for master plumbers' license were
examined in common council chamber by the municipal
board, which has charge of the granting of the licenses.
The board consists of Dr. J. F. Edwards, superintendent
..(' the Bureau of Health, president; Isaac R. Carver,
chief plumbing inspector; John AI. Addy and Ed. F.
Welsh. The examination was conducted under an ordinance
recently passed by councils and approved by the
Mayor requiring all plumbers operating in Pittsburgh
to pass an examination as to their qualifications.
The I)ut|uesne Sanitary Company, whose members
believe in the utmost progressiveness in the field, was
established June 1, 1901, for the manufacture of general
plumbing supplies at 424-426 Second Avenue, Pittsburgh.
It is incorporated with a capitalization of $100,-
000, of which $61,000 has been paid in. George H.
Albertson is president, AVm. C. Lynn treasurer, and John
P.. Fitzgerald secretary anel manager.
This company employs only skilled workmen anel
turns out only the best goods in the various grades. It
has built up an excellent trade in the six years of its
existence, and this trade is gradually increasing 011 the
merits of the product alone.
ddie plumber and the mother-in-law have for many
years been the stock in trade of the so-calleel witty paragraphers;
but owing to the remarkable advancement of
the trade they will soon have to drop the plumber, at
least, as a butt for their feeble-minded witticisms. These
jokesmiths are as crude in their line to-day as the plumber
was in his fifty years ago.
THE FORT PITT SUPPLY COMPANY—In the
erection of private dwellings and public buildings the
plumbing and sanitary fixtures are items of special importance.
Not only as an indispensable accessory of
comfort and cleanliness, but as a preventative of disease.
modern scientific plumbing, which includes lavatories
and the like, is coming constantly into greater use. By
its successful introduction of improved sanitary fixtures,

298 s T o R Y 0 F S V R G 1
the Pmt Pitt Supply Company has built up a large and
most substantial business.
Specialties of the company are articles made of
vitreous ware. For sanitary fixtures, vitreous ware is
n..t milv more beautiful, but better adapted than any
other material.
Vitreous ware is a fusion of clays, flints and spar.
Carefully selected and mixed, the materials are subjected
to several processes before the article enters the kiln.
Heated to a temperature of 2,300 degrees and kept in
the kiln until it is so thoroughly fused as to be absolutely
non-absorbent, vitreous ware has surprisingstrength
and great utility. By virtue of the succeeding
treatment in another kiln it acquires a wonderful
glaze. Capable of being moulded into practically any
shape desired, vitreous ware in a variety of ways admirably
answers sanitary requirements. Its immunity
from breakage is shown by its utilization for washstand
legs. Proof against discoloration, unaffected by acids,
easily cleaned, 11. it requiring to be washed by any special
compounds, it always retains its pristine whiteness and
never cracks, scales or deteriorates through use or age.
In all of its new buildings, in AA'ashington and elsewhere,
the L'nited States Government now specifies that
the sanitary fixtures shall be of vitreous ware. In the
best appointed of the office buildings recently erected
throughout the country, vitreous ware is used; in the
finely furnished residences where the very best of everything
obtains, the lavatories and other sanitary accessories
are of vitreous ware.
Considering its excellence, vitreous ware is comparatively
low-priced. It costs not nearly so much as marble
does, it is sold for perhaps ten per cent, more than shortlived
enameled goods.
Through the handling of vitreous ware the Fort Pitt
Supply Company has secured a far-extended trade. Not
only for a number of just completed office buildings, but
also for various newly built mansions in Pittsburgh, the
Fort Pitt Supply Company was awarded the contracts
for the sanitary fixtures. Not in Pennsylvania alone, but
in neighboring States, the company is adding continually
to the long list of its satisfied customers.
The offices and sales rooms of the Fort Pitt Supply
Company are located at 317, 319, 328, 330 and 7,7,2
Second Avenue, Pittsburgh. Besides its extensive line
of vitremis ware the company does a big business in
plumbers' and steamfitters' supplies.
The officers of the company are: James AY Young.
President: George AV. Young, Adce-President. and
Stephen A. Shepard, Secretary and Treasurer.
Established in 1X98. the Fort Pitt Supply Company
will enter the second decade of its existence with greatly
strengthened prestige and a trade that is well merited.
THE PITTSBURGH SUPPPY COAIPANA'—Out
of small beginning's sometimes grow great things. In
Pittsburgh, twenty-seven years ago, Ewing, Mitchell &
Co. opened an inconspicuous simp. Dealing in plumbers'
supplies and the like in a small way from the outset, they
were moderately successful. Built up by the business
accretions of each succeeding year, the establishment,
now incorporated as the Pittsburgh Supply Company,
has thriven and expanded beyond the fondest expecta­
tions of its founders. The modest store of yore has
been replaced by a big new modern six-story brick building
that extends frmn AA'ater Street through to First
Avenue.
The Pittsburgh Supply Company handles in immense
quantities all sorts of plumbers', gas and steamfitters',
engineers', machinists', boilermakers' and railroad, mill
and mine tools and supplies. Possessed of ample capital,
able to buy advantageously, and willing always to give
inducements that will secure and hold customers, this
enterprising corporation occupies an enviable place in its
particular field.
ddie company is incorporated under the laws of the
State of Pennsylvania. The par value of the capital
stock, $160,000. now really represents but a fraction of
the actual assets of the company. Naturally such stock
is closely held. No one has a share outside of the five
members of the board of directors. C. F. Ploldship is
the president of the company, and Otto F. Felix is secretary
and treasurer. The other directors are G. I. Holdship.
Wilson King and H. H. King. At present the
company employs 200 men.
Closely identified with the Pittsburgh Supply Company
(inasmuch as the officers, directors and stockholders
are precisely the same people ) is a prosperous and
important concern known as the Equitable Meter Company.
Besides being a stock subject for jokes innumerable,
the often maligned but nevertheless money-saving
gas meter is busy wherever gas is sold by measurement.
A meter that is accurate and never out of order is always
in demand. By repeated and long-continued tests, by
thousands of satisfied users, it has been demonstrated that
the appliances for measuring gas made by the Equitable
Meter Company are accurate and very reliable. As a
result, meters manufactured by the company are in use
all 1 iver the w< irld.
Adapted for different purposes, the meters manufactured
by this company vary in size, pattern and capacity,
but all are alike in that they are strong, accurate and
reliable. Nor do they get out of order easily, ddie
AA'ylie Proportional Station Meter, which the Equitable
Company manufactures, is the largest meter made. It
comes in three sizes: "the 10-inch" has a capacity of
1X0,000 cubic feet per hour; "the 12-inch" is rated at
100,000, and the "8-inch" at 75,000 cubic feet per hour.
The Equitable Meter is constructed with a cast-iron
case which is tested to a pressure of 30 pounds. It is
simple in construction and all parts are interchangeable.
It has removable diaphragm pockets, making repairs

II s T O R Y O F P I T T S 15 U R fi I 299
easy and inexpensive. The Equitable diaphragm is so
constructed that the wear is distributed over the entire
surface of the leather, increasing the life of the meter.
All parts are made of high-grade material with due
regard for strength and durability. By removing the
top over of the meter all parts can be reached for repairs
or renewal, and the services of an expert mechanic
are not required. Furthermore, it is claimed that the
Equitable can be more easily connected up than any other
meter mi the market.
Another specialty of the Equitable Meter Company
is the "Crawford Sensitive Regulator," a patented article
much used in connection with incandescent lighting,
linotype machines, gas engines, gas ranges and domestic
gas service. Special designs of this appliance are also
manufactured for acetylene gas, car lighting, street lamps
and gasoline gas. In behalf of the Crawford Sensitive
Regulator it is urged that it can be easily adjusted to desired
pressure without shutting off gas. Other features
of merit are a "valve opening full size of inlet pipes"
and "connections horizontal in line." Evident merit anel
a popular price insure large sales. Manufactured by the
Equitable Meter Company also is an improved low-pressure
regulator especially designed to be used with natural
gas and AVellsbach lights. This regulator has "no packing
boxes to leak or corrode and stick, no valve leakage
and no increase of pressure on the last burner turned off
or the first one lighted."
In addition to the articles previously described, the
Equitable Meter Company makes and sells Crawford
Boiler Regulators, Crawford Street Main Governors,
Meter Provers and U-tube gauges. The company has
225 employees. Its offices are with the Pittsburgh Supply
Company at 439-449 Water Street, and 434-444
First Avenue, Pittsburgh.
Affiliated, too, with the Pittsburgh Supply Company,
through the identity of personal interests, is the National
Metal-Molding Company, an extensive manufacturer of
electrical fixtures, which has works both at Hoboken
and Boonton, New Jersey, anel offices in the Fulton
Building, Pittsburgh.
Practically these three big well-backed companies, in
a wav at least, are outgrowths of the business estab­
lished by Fvving, Mitchell & Co. in 1886. Alanufacturers
and jobbers like other people have their parlous
times. By periods of elepression, dull seasons and business
slackenings are determined commercially who are
the fittest to survive. The strong and energetic gain
ground, the weak go to the wall. Every establishment
thai lives and grows assists to the extent of its success
the progress of the community.
In the up-building and development of the Pittsburgh
Supply Company there was dearth of exciting incident,
a plethora of careful attention, some luck perhaps, and
a great deal of good hard plugging. In the company's
record there is nothing to startle the poets, but the fact
that the concern has been, ever since its commencement,
successful, suffices. And since the ordinary gas meter
is seldom used as a symbol of truth, it is worth noting
that the veracity and other virtues of the "Equitable"
meter are recognized around the world.
STANDARD SANITARY MANUFACTURING
COMPANA'—That old adage that "cleanliness is next
to godliness" is becoming more generally believed every
day. If anyone doubts it and thinks he cannot be con­
vinced of its truth, it would be well for him to walk
wide of any of those identified with the manufacture of
"Standard" goods, ddiat name in quotation marks needs
no explanation other than itself to introduce the world's
greatest manufacturers of bath tubs and other enameled
wares for plumbers, for the Standard Sanitary Manufacturing
Company's products are used in every country
on the globe. This use alone proclaims, more than much
argument could elo, the fact that these products are of
the highest quality that skillful workmanship and the
best material can produce. The wares marked "Standard"
have the beauty and cleanliness of china, and the
strength of iron, being a perfect unity of iron designs
and porcelain enamel. They are sanitary wares not only
in name, but also in healthy cleanliness made possible by
perfection of designs from faultless material.
That was a happy moment for the world's cleanliness
when the word "Standard" was selected somewhat less
than half a century ago by several Pittsburghers. Because
of the manufacturers not allowing a single piece
of ware to go from the factories with a flaw in it,
"Standard" goods have become known by that muchabused
term "perfect," and they are being used in hundreds
of leading hotels throughout the world, in king's
palaces, and in the moderate home of the average citizen,
in public buildings everywhere, in mercantile, industrial
and railroad office buildings anel equipment. Further
than this, the trade-mark "Standard" has become in
actual fact what the word signifies, a standard for others
to copy after. Through half a century the production
of these wares has brought health, cleanliness and happiness
into the world's homes, those using the baths obtaining
as much pleasure ofttimes as may be had in a
joyous surf plunge at seashore or lakeside. There is
nothing that pertains materially to the best in sanitary
and other phases of the bath, laundry or kitchen plumbing
that has been overlooked, the original manufacture
of bath tubs alone now being extended to a score of
appurtenances to this very essential part of the modern
home or building.
Originally the Standard Manufacturing Company, by
which name the original works on the North Siele of
Pittsburgh are still known, the larger and holding company
for several others is now best known throughout
the world in the developments of the Standard Sanitary
Manufacturing Company. The latter corporation was

.sOO T 11 E s ( ) R Y O U R G
formed in [899. In the general offices, in five factories
and more than a dozen branch offices, stores and show­
rooms in the world's largest cities are employed 4.500
persons, about one-fourth of this number being engaged
in Pittsburgh alone. The company is capitalized at
$7,500,000. has a volume of business amounting to the
stupendous figures of $12,000,000, and stands as the
largest concern of its kind, by long odds, in the world.
Pittsburgh is noted for its "biggest" enterprises in various
wavs, but in none is it more supreme than in the
manufacture of baths and plumbers' supplies.
The Standard Sanitary Manufacturing Company
stores are well established places of note in London.
New York, Boston. Philadelphia, Cleveland, St. hi mis,
Chicago, Pittsburgh, New Orleans, Louisville and Mont'
real.
One of the noteworthy features of this company's
management is that of having official and executive representation
at the various large manufacturing centers.
This is patent frmn the management's personnel. The
company's president, The...lore Ahrens, has his headquarters
at Louisville. The first vice-president, Francis
I. Torrance, has official charge in Pittsburgh. Henry
Cribben, second vice-president, is located at Chicago.
PLANTS AND SALESROOMS OF THE STANDARD SANITARY MANUFACTURING COMPANY
embraces the following subsidiary concerns: Standard
Manufacturing Company, Pittsburgh; Ahrens & Ott
Manufacturing Co., Louisville, Ky.; Dawes & Myler,
New Brighton, Pa.; Cribben & Sexton Co., Chicago; J.
|. Volrath Manufacturing Company, Sheboygan, Wis.;
Pennsylvania Bath Tub Company, Ellwood City, Pa.;
Victor Manufacturing Company, Aliquippa, Pa.; Sanitary
Enameled Ware Company, Muncie, hid., and Buick
& Sherwood Manufacturing Co., Detroit, Mich. The
company's general offices are in the Bessemer Building
in Pittsburgh. The factories are at Pittsburgh, AA'est
Bridge-water and New Brighton, Pa.; Louisville, Ky.,
and Detroit, Mich. Branch offices, showrooms and
t\ w%t
AA'. A. Myler, secretary and treasurer, is stationed at
New Brighton, where E. L. Dawes, general manager of
factories, also has his headquarters. All of these officers
have had thorough experience through years of association
and direct manufacture of wares for the bath,
laundry and kitchen plumbing supplies, the original companies
with which they were identified being well known
in this line of industry for long years.
ddie name of Torrance has been identified with this
industry in Pittsburgh from its foundation almost a half
century ago. Francis Torrance, father of the present
first vice-president, came from Ireland to America,
settling in Allegheny. He became president of the Stand-

T H E S ( ) Y () P T B u R (i 301
ard Manufacturing Company, and, like his son, was also
prominently identified with the social, religious and political
history of Allegheny County. His death in 1886
was regarded as a public loss. Francis J. Torrance was
superintendent of the Allegheny works when his father
died, later rising to more responsible positions until the
new company was formed in 1899. His service in this
manner aptly fitted him to assist in directing this immense
enterprise. Pie was educated in the Allegheny
public schools, Newell Institute and the Western Uni­
versity of Pennsylvania. He served in Allegheny councils
many vears, being president of the select branch. He
might have had the best bis city or county could haveafforded
in a political way had he desired this, lie has
been a member of the State Board of Charities many
years, and has been identified actively with numerous
public institutions. Possessed of a kindly disposition,
clean, courteous and unassuming, he wins the hearts of
all who associate with him.
While the company's business is to make "Standard"
ware for plumbers, this general term has broadened, as
mentioned above, into
every branch of this
industry. Its products
include enameled
iron bath tubs, lavatories
and o t h er
plumbing goods, and
all specialties in brass
goods for plumbers,
gas and steam fitters,
including also plumb­
ers' woodwork. Any­
thing pertaining to
the making or care of these goods is the concern of those
connected with the management. "Modern Sanitation"
is the name of a monthly publication devoted to advancing
sanitary plumbing, a plain, outspoken magazine that
reaches the heart with a message of cleanliness. AA'ith
such clean-cut history for honesty in manufacture it is
little wonder that the highest grand prizes and gold
medals have been given the Standard Sanitary Manufacturing
Company by all of the world's expositions at
home and abroad.
MINE AND MILL SUPPLIES
PLANT OF PHILLIPS MINE & MILL SUPPLY CO
THE GREAT INTERESTS INCIDENTAL TO PITTSBURGH CREATE A
CONSTANTLY INCREASING MARKET
Uaw people not interested directly in coal mining
have been aware of the slow revolution in the methods
of separating mother earth from her valuable fuels.
There is as much difference between the old methods of
oal mining and the electric-lighted, modern-equipped
mine as between the old stage coach and a transconti­
nental fiver. Everything about the mine of to-day is
operated by machinery, and this has brought another in­
dustry into being, the mine and mill supply company, and
a number of prosperous examples of this new era are
doing business in the greatest of all oal centers—the
Pittsburgh district. A in. less important part ol their
business is the long-established and well-paving mill sup­
ply trade 111 its manv diversified branches.
PHH.PIPS MINE & MILL SUPPLY CO.—Just
as the- blacksmith once hammered out bolts, the carpenter
made .l....rs. and the glass manufacturer his pots and
m. .Ids, so the oal mine operator made his own cars and
struggled with the problems of constructing, hauling.
screening, weighing and dumping apparatus. There was
11.. big industry s. ilely concerned in making things easy
f. .r the o lal < iperati ir.
But specialization invaded that field too. Years ago
a simple bolt works, based on valuable patents, was
started. It grew and expanded, finally developing into
a great iron business, carrying with it as a sort of sideline,
constantly being enlarged, the duty of making mine
equipment. That lit­
n. PA.
tle side line is now a
great and independent
b u s i n e s s. the
largest of the kind in
America. Separated
fn .111 the parent stem,
it is one of the wonderful
industries of
P i t t'sbur g h. The
greatness of the city's
iron and steel industries,
of its glass fac­
tories, its foundries, its machine shops, its electrical tradeis
constantly brought home to the average man as hewalks
the streets, speeds over railroad tracks, or enters
his house or even sits down to his table. But when he
pays his coal bill there is nothing to bring to his mind the
fact that but for the Phillips Aline e\: Mill Supply Co. the
production of oal, the basis of the citv's greatness,
probably would still be much obstructed by the inherent
difficulties of handling the oal frmn the depths of the
mine to the railroad cars or the coal boat.
Ibe picture shows the extent to which this business
of mine supplies has grown since it was first started in
the Lewis, Oliver & Phillips holt AA'orks. The plant
occupies two citv blocks, bounded by Smith Twentythird,
Smith Twenty-fourth, Mary and Jane Streets, and
is divided int.. different departments for a more systematic
prosecution of the business. For instance there
are the foundry, machine shops, blacksmith shops, sheet
irmi and wood-working departments, stockrooms and
yards, ddie office building is at Jane and Smith Twentythird
Streets.
The throb of the huge engine, the roar of the intri

s02 s ( ) R Y O F S P. u G
cate and complete machinery, the stamp of the steam
hammers, the buzzing of the wood saws, the clatter of the
pneumatic riveters, the clang of the blacksmith's ham­
mer, and the sound of the carpenters at work are evidence
that here a great industry is moving. If the various
sounds that come frmn the works do not tell the
listener that a many-sided industry is housed therein,
then he can realize its variety when he learns that screening
plants, .lumping outfits, weigh-scales, mine cars, built
of wood and iron, car wheels, coke-oven charging-
wagons, incline drums, mill trucks and other equipment
is made there.
( >ur oal mines and coke works get frmn it the equipment
for hauling and handling oal, which enables the
Pittsburgh district to astonish the world with its enormous
production. Coal mines and coke works, in all parts
of the world, draw their supplies from this Pittsburgh
plant.
The company owns and controls manv valuable
patents on devices for mine equipment, and is constantly
adding to its patents on cars, car wheels and
other products of its manufacture. The Phillips Company
was the first to introduce the modern steel car in the
shape of a larry wagon for hauling slack oal to coke
ovens. Some idea of the magnitude of this plant is
obtained from the fact that it has a capacity of one
hundred mine cars and six hundred car wheels each
dav. and has turned out frmn these works sufficient Phillips
patent automatic cross-over car-dumps to handle
the entire coal output of the world, a rather strong but
true statement.
John Phillips was the founder of the business. Dying
m January of this year, he lived to see the bolt works,
which he established in 1863 with William J. Lewis, expanded
into a great rolling-mill industry, and the mine
and mill supply feature of the original works grown into
a business large enough to justify him in giving it all
his attention. 'I'he late Henry AA'. Oliver became a partner
with Air. Phillips and Air. Lewis in [863. Mr.
Lewis later withdrew, and years afterward, in 1890, Air.
Phillips and his nephew, John AI. Phillips, the president
of the lire-sent company, bought the mine supply department
frmn the Oliver Iron & Steel Co. |..hn AI. Phillips
was manager of this department at the time it was
purchased. From South Thirteenth Street the plant was
removed to South Twenty-third Street, and a partnership
was formed, comprising John Phillips. John M.
Phillips and Ah A'. Wenke. In November. 1900, John
Phillips sold his interest and retired from business, and
the linn was incorporated under the name that it bears
at lire-sent.
John Ah Phillips is the president, Wats. .11 P. Phillips,
his brother, is vice-president. J. p.. Roth is secretary,
Robert P. Phillips is the manager of the foundry. John
J. Fleming is the chief engineer, and John P. Chessrown
is the auditor.
ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES
SPEAKING OF VARIETY THE CHIEF PRIZE GOES TO THE ELEC­
TRICAL SUPPLY MAN
Electricity's phenomenal development throughout the
civilized world has been nowhere better reflected in the
gold of wealth than in the electrical supply business, ddie
electrical supply industry is the prize business in the
supply man's realm in the matter of variety, for a million
incidentals are part of electrical equipment. There is
wire first, then insulation, conduits, fixtures, arc lights
bulbs and a myriad of incidentals. In electrical equipment,
as in about everything that enters industry, Pitts­
burgh is in the front rank. The electrical supply business
in the nation's fifth citv. though begun less than 25 vears
ago, has advanced upon wings until it is abreast of older
industries and has come to be a most prosperous part of
a prosperous community.
COOKE-WILSON ELECTRIC SUPPLY COM­
PANY—The Cooke-Wilson Electric Supply Company
has made such rapid strides in the electrical field
that it is classed as one of the leading concerns of its
kind in the citv. Its business is principally with miningcompanies
of Pennsylvania, Ohio and AA^est Virginia,
being manufacturers' agents and dealers in electric mining
machinery and supplies, and doing all kinds of electrical
repairing.
The company was the result of the consolidation of
the agency of the AIorgan-Gardner Electric Company of
Chicago, and the supply and repair business of W. T.
AA'ilson, both of which were well established at the time
the present company was formed.
The business of the company has grown rapidly from
the start. It supplies many of the largest coal companies
111 the country with their electric machinery and supplies,
and new customers are being added daily. The Morgan-
Gardner generators, mining machines and haulage locomotives
sold by this company are the best on the market
and are installed in the majority of the mines in Pennsylvania.
Ohio and AA'est Virginia. It is agent for the
Eureka Tempered Copper AA'orks, the Electric Railway
Equipment Company, the Chicago Mica Company, and
other manufacturers whose productions are standard. In
the repair-shop none but carefully selected and experienced
machinists and armature winders are employed.
A. S. Cooke is president of the company, and AA'alter
J. AA lis. .11 is secretary and treasurer. The offices of the
company are in Imperial Power Building, corner Penn
Avenue and Third Street.
THE DOUBLEDAY-HILL ELECTRIC COM­
PANY—d'he ever increasing utilization of electricity
occasions a corresponding extension of the trade in electrical
fixtures and supplies. Splendid evidences of this
constant expansion are shown by the Doubledav-Hill

H E S T O R Y O P, I ' li G
Electric Company. Established in 1897, this enterprising
corporation by its success as a manufacturer of, and
dealer in, electrical appliances and supplies, in a decade
has attained conspicuous importance.
At its works in the Phipps Power Building the company
specializes in the manufacture of armature and field
coils, commutators and trolley wheels. In this work
and mi other forms and phases of electrical construction
the Doubleday-Hill Electric Company employs about 100
men. It is the established policy of the company to make
and sell only the best in any particular line, ddie offices
anel warerooms of the company are located at 919 Liberty
Avenue, Pittsburgh, ddie better to accommodate
its southern traele, or at least a portion of it, the company
has established a branch at Charlotte, North Carolina.
The Doubleday-Hill Electric Company is capitalized at
$300,000, anel the officers of the company are: S. Phillips
Hill, President; G. Brown Hill, Adce-President and
Treasurer, and H. Gibson Shaler, Secretary.
UNION ELECTRIC COMPANA'—The Union
Electric Company is a jobber of electrical supplies of
every description. Ihe members of the company are:
George W. Provost, president; J. P. Provost, vice-president
and treasurer; L. H. Kellar, secretary and manager
of the lighting department; ddiomas M. Clulev, assistant
treasurer and manager of the railway department.
ddie business was established January 7, 1905. Its capital
is $250,000; preferred stock, $125,000, and its common
stock, $125,000. The company is located at 31
d'erminal AVay. Pittsburgh (Smith Side), and at 1527-30
Park Building, Pittsburgh.
ddie Union Electric Company is made up of the General
Railway Supply Company and the Union Electric
Company. The General Railway Supply Company was
founded by two brothers, George AV. Provost and J. P.
Provost. The former took active charge of the business,
with Thomas Clulev as assistant, and J. P. Provost became
treasurer. They began business in a small room
in the Park Buileling and carried no stock in Pittsburgh.
The Union Electric also began in this building with no
Pittsburgh stock, ddie General Railway Supply Company
since became a factor in the development of street
railways, providing the material for most of them built
in this section. The combined companies employ 40
people, occupy a seven-story warehouse in the Pittsburgh
Terminal Warehouse, and handle everything for street
railways, electrically equipped mines, industrial plants.
central stations, power houses, etc. Thev have excellent
shipping facilities, both by rail and river.
The desire of the company is to take the best possible
care of their customers. They deal in only the best
materials and employ the most up to date business methods.
They have exclusive connections with the best manufacturers
of gears, pinions, trolley bases, line material.
rail bonds, fare registers, track jacks and drills, etc., etc.
METALLIC PACKING
3°:
A PACKING THAT HAS STOOD THE TEST AGAINST THE HIGHEST
STEAM PRESSURE
Manufacturing in Pittsburgh is a wheel within a
wheel, and there is no great single industry which grows
frmn the efforts of the man in overalls that has not given
impetus to a number of contributory industries. I he-
valve industry brought out the packing industry, and
metallic packing is one of the biggest bidders lor popularity
in the engineering trade. In the metallic packingtrade
Pittsburgh is holding its own and giving a number
of companies a look-in mi prosperity. The high steam
pressure necessary in innumerable Pittsburgh enterprises
has given the metallic packing a most thorough test and
a big bo. .111 in a business wav.
LARKIN'S METALLIC PACKING COMPANY
—Parkin's Metallic Packing was invented in [898; the
company is manufacturer of Parkin's Metallic Packing
for valve stems, piston rods, for steam, water, oil, gas
and compressed air. The company's office is at J27,
Lewis Building. Pittsburgh. Its trade extends over the
L'nited States and foreign countries, and its goods are
sold milv bv the Larkin's Metallic Packing Company or
its authorized agents. Lawrence Barr is manager.
Parkin's Metallic Packing is in use in most of the
leading manufacturies from whom the company has received
manv testimonials of its superior character. It
has been tested bv the l'nited States Government and has
shown most satisfactory proof of its strong merit. No
better idea of its value to various branches of manufacturing
can be given than by quoting frmn some of the
letters received by the company.
The Piatt Iron AA'orks Company, of Dayton, 0., under
the date of April 6, 1905, says : "Our use of Parkin's
Metallic Packing under severe conditions which I referred
to was this : We used it for the packing of air compressor
rams, compressing air to 2,500 pounds, and also 3,000
pounds running 111 continuous tests, in one case as long as
eighteen hours without mice discovering a leak or defect
of any kind in the packing. On withdrawing the rams
we found that the packing was in perfect condition, and
replaced the rams and went to work again with the sameresult.
In fact we had in. trouble whatever in making
a long, severe test under 2,500 pounds."
This packing is also used in a ten-million-gallon engine
erected by the IP P. Allis Company, of Milwaukee,
in 1898, including the necessary packing for the air
compressor and the boiler feed-pump. ddie engineer
gives the information that he has had no occasion to
repair or renew anv of the packing, and that it has given
entire satisfaction, ddie pump thus packed has been in
use since December. 1898.
The Pittsburgh Steel Company, of Monessen, Pa.,
says: "In reply to your request for a statement as to

3°4 S () R Y O F S U R G H
hovv your Parkin's Metallic Packing is working in piston
and pump rods in our works, would say that it is giving
g.»..l satisfaction so far, and from present appearance
we believe it will give us better results than any other
packing we have tried.
"We note especially its freedom from scoring the
rods, no matter hovv tight it is pulled up, and at the same
time the small friction it causes. It is giving us the best
results where very sensitive valves require packing, as
the attendant cannot pull it too tight to interfere wdth
the working of the valve. AA'here new rods are packed
with it, they practically show no wear after running
nine months. Pods that have been scored by other pack-ing
show marked improvement in appearance after being
packed with Larkin's packing. AA e use it both mi
steam and hot and cold water."
The Union Storage Company says: "In reference to
Parkin's Metallic Packing, of which we have been using
more or less for some time, would say that we have been
using some of this packing for over a year on a Corliss
engine, in what our chief engineer considers the hardest
wearing point upon bis whole engine, and he reports
that it has given excellent satisfaction in every respect,
and that he can recommend it highly."
The John Hauenstein Brewing Company, of New
Ulm, Minnesota, writes: "After years of experimenting
with various piston-rod packing, without desired results,
we orelered last September, upon the recommendation of
our engineer, a free trial sample of Parkin's Self-Lubricating
Metallic Packing. After a thorough trial we have
come to the conclusion that it is the easiest packing on
rods that was ever devised.
"It is expansive so as to completely fill the stuffingbox,
yet not cause friction upon the rod. We therefore
recommend it to the trade as the most reliable, economical
and easiest packing for packing- stuffing boxes in existence."
d'he proprietor of the Lebanon Star Alills, of Lebanon,
Ohio, in reply to inquiries regarding the packing,
writes: "The packing was so g 1 I do not think it will
ever wear out. If it does, you will surely get my order
for more."
Eyster ex: Son, manufacturers of paper-box boards,
Halltown, AW Va., say: "Gentlemen:—AA'e are enclosing
a check in payment of invoice for metallic packing,
and want to thank you for sending it to us. It is the
first packing we have found for the valve rod on which
we use it that has given us any peace and satisfaction."
The Electric Light Department of Harbor Springs,
Michigan, writes: "In reply to your letter of April 9,
asking why you had not received an order for Parkin's
Metallic Packing, I wish to say that mi March 10 I
received eleven pounds of your packing, and the same
has been in use ever since on piston and Corliss valve
stems, and is giving the most perfect satisfaction. I can
cheerfully recommend this packing t.. anyone who wishes
a first-class packing and one that will not leak or wear
out."
Frmn Colton, California, conies the brief line from
the engineer of the R. H. W. Company: "Yes, your
packing is the only packing that I can get to hold."
ddie above letters are a most interesting exhibition
of the trials and difficulties that the practical mechanic
and engineer encounter in a variety of occupations.
To one who has had anv experience wdth the leaking
of steam or compressed air, which often occurs at a
critical time, and often necessitating the closing down of
the entire plant to replace a little defective packing, the
discovery of a metallic packing which is satisfactory and
to be elependeel upon is a great boon to the manufacturingworld.
ddie doing away with the scoring of the piston roels,
which has annoyed all engineers, is another feature which
accounts for the popularity of a metallic packing which
will not wear out.
BUTCHERS' SUPPLIES
IN REFRIGERATORS THE STEEL CITY HAS BEEN THE WORLDS'
FOOD PRESERVER
Housewives are probably little aware of the debt thev
owe Pittsburgh industry in the little detail of supplying
them fresh meats, vegetables, dairy products, etc. In
the- matter of refrigerators the Steel City has been the
ice anel food preserver for the world, for the products of
this vicinity in refrigeration are in use in stock yards,
dairies and butcher shops throughout the L'nited States
and Europe. AAdiether it is a cheap refrigerator for the
home, or a massive system of refrigeration for a great
meat-producing corporation, close inspection likely will
show the Pittsburgh trade-mark.
THE BERNARD GLOEKLER COMPANY —
This business was started on a small scale in the early
6o's by John Wagner, who engaged in the manufacture
of refrigerators, counters, butchers' blocks and a
general line of smaller butchers' and packers' supplies.
Mr. AA^agner conducted it until 1.X74 when he disposed
of his entire interests and holdings to Bernard Gloekler,
who completely reorganized the business and founded
the nucleus of the immense business that the firm enjoys
t< .-.lav.
Idle new owner immediately added new lines and
made improvements on the old. and within the first fewyears
succeeded in more than doubling the former volume
of business. He then entered the wholesale trade, as
well as continuing the retail end of the business, and
soon built up a large business direct from the factory.
Lines of kitchen and hotel supplies were aelded, until
now there is practically nothing required in the hotel,
restaurant, bar or butcher shop that is not carried by the
company.

H E S T O R Y f) r s p. u r

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P U B L I C S E R V I C E C O R P O R A T I O N S
Railroads Radiate to Every Point from Pittsburgh —
Street Railways and Telephone Companies Give Up-to-
date Service —Natural Gas for Light, Heat and Power
S A A ' P . for that portion of its tonnage, chiefly coal,
that is transported on the rivers, Pittsburgh, for
the handling of the greatest amount of freight
that anv city receives or furnishes, depends entirely
on railroad transportation, and it is most ably
served by many lines.
F.ast and west, north and smith, like the spokes of a
wheel, radiate the different lines. Ever over the numerous
tracks trundle the long, heavily-laden trains, ddie
bulk of the traffic, of course, is associated in mie way or
another with the steel industry. From hake Erie ports
to the Pittsburgh district come millions of tons of Superior
iron ore. From the Connellsville and other coal
regions are brought to the city and vicinity ce.ke and
coal that in tons mounts up int.. the millions. Also, to
be emptied into the blast furnaces, are procured thousands
of car-loads f limestone. Tonnage expressed in eight
figures is called for in the production of one item—pig
iron. The Bessemer, the open-hearth and the other furnaces
must be fed. Fuel by the wholesale is required for
the forges, the foundries and mills, to generate heat and
power for the colossal plants and smaller factories that
are devoted exclusively to steel. Raw material and fuel
for iron and steel producers, though lumped together and
replenished constantly, mil} supply the requisitions of
one end of one industry. There are others. The makers
..f terra cotta, brick and glass, the oil refinery, the cork
factory, the pickle works, the various branches of the
building trades, just to mention a few who receive
freight oftener than occasionally, are served bv the railroads;
besides these there are the consumers. To feeel,
clothe, shelter, educate and amuse itself and carry on
business, a rich and populous community draws extensively
on the outside world. Sooner or later the acknowl­
306
edgment of the draft comes in a freight car. All this
only partially accounts for the tonnage arriving.
Briefly, the heft of the freight outgoing by rail might
be classified in two items: First, the output of the manufacturing
establishments, less what was used at home;
second, coal sent to the lakes.
In the first classification, however, is an aggregation
of shipments that astonishes the world. No citv can show
such a tremendous tonnage. Itemized, the articles cover
practically every schedule in the railway tariff.
For this enormous and immensely valuable freight
business the railroads strenuously contend. The fact that
it was first to enter Pittsburgh contributed greatly to the
prosperity of the Pennsylvania Railroad. In speaking of
railroad service, equipment or management, the Pennsylvania
lines are usually cited as the standard of excellence.
Though the Pennsylvania and its subsidiaries
thrive on what they obtain in the Pittsburgh district,
competitors do not lack traffic. In the coal regions of
West Virginia, if not elsewhere, the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad has some geographical advantages. This system,
now constantly strengthening its lines and making
better its right of way, regrets not in the least its connection
with Pittsburgh. That "little giant," the Pittsburgh
and Pake Erie Railroad, mice described as being "80
miles long and 160 miles wide," is said to be the most
successfully operated railroad in America, ddie Bessemer
and Pake Erie Railroad, developed bv a change of ownership
from poverty and dilapidation to noted substantiality,
usefulness and profit, fears not the future. The last
to obtain admission to the charmed circle is the "Wabash,"
which spent millions, willingly, to place itself in
a position to receive a share of the ever increasing
amount of freight distributed by Pittsburgh.

T II E T O R V O F P. P (i .io;
THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD SYSTEM
—Originally planned in the early forties as the pioneer
line over the natural route between Philadelphia and Har­
risburg, the Pennsylvania Railroad Company was formed
April [3, 1846, and secured the right to construct a lineacross
the State of Pennsylvania to Pittsburgh.
Prom this comparatively small beginning its extension
and development, until the Atlantic seaboard was
connected (by the shortest practicable routes through the
great manufacturing- metropolis of Pittsburgh) with
Erie, Cleveland, Toledo, Chicago, Columbus, Cincinnati,
Louisville, Indianapolis, and St. P.mis, the principal dis­
tributing centers of the Middle AA'est, have in a large
measure been accomplished
bv applying to the changing
conditions consequent upon
the growth of the Nation
the policies of the men who
laid the foundation for this
vast transportation system;
and its present s u c c e s s
stands as a monument to
their foresight and wisdom.
To-day the property consists
of 11,176 miles of first
track, 6,078 of which areeast
of Pittsburgh, and
5,098 miles west of that
point, passing through the
most active industrial portion
of the country and
penetrating fourteen of the
most populous States, while
the total main tracks and
sidings of the system aggregate
2 7,,^j2 miles, or al­
most e 11 o u g h to r e a c h
around the globe.
The gross revenue of the
Pennsylvania Railroad System
in 1907 aggregated
$326,785,526, of vv h i c h
JAMES
$216,472,412 was earned
President of the P
by its lines east of Pittsburgh and Erie, and $110,31.3,-
1 14 by the lines west of those cities. The total number
of tons of freight handled for that year was 435,064,136;
and the number of passengers carried was 153,047,046—
almost double the entire population of the United States.
ddie Pennsylvania Railroad System owns 6,477 locomotives,
5.436 passenger cars, and owns or leases under
car trust 247,699 cars.
'fhe outstanding capital stock of the Pennsylvania
Railroad Company proper is $314,594,650, owned by
about f>o,ooo stockholders scattered all over the world,
of whom about 45 per cent, are women. Since i860 the
Pennsylvania Railroad Company proper has paid divi-
(lends annuallv ranging from 4 per cent, to 10 per centaggregating
$300,000,000, a trul}' marvelous example of
stability and strength, the result of wise management ..1
this remarkable system, and fully justifying the confi­
dence of the investing public.
The Pennsylvania Railroad was the first to use
Bessemer steel rails, as well as the first t.. build locomotives
with steel fire-boxes; also the first railroad in the
world to experiment with and adopt the air-brake and
automatic coupler, and the first to install the perfected
electro-pneumatic block system of signals, as well as the
first to use the electro-pneumatic interlocking device, to
insure the safe and quick handling ol" its passenger and
freight trains.
As an illustration of the
high standard of excellence
in which its property is
maintained, it mav be pointed
mil that the business conditions
arising from constantly
increasing commerce
McCREA
mnsylvania Railroad
a few years ago seemed to
demand very fast passenger
train service between the
East and the AA'est; and
the ompany was enabled to
meet this public requirement
Iiv inaugurating the pioneer
eighteen-hour trains in both
directions between Chicago
and New A'. >rk, a distance
of 912 miles. The record
of the "Pennsylvania Special"
shows an unprecedented
performance for longdistance
trains. Since the
establishment of this service
earlv in 1905, these two
trains alone have traveled,
to date, more than 1,900,-
000 miles, carrying nearly
90,000 passengers, and arriving
mi time at their ter­
minals (including times less than ten minutes late ) 86 per
cent. of the more than two thousand trips run, without a
single fatality to passengers, ddie Pennsylvania Railroad
also maintains the fastest long-distance mail train servicein
the world, from New York t.. St. Louis, 1.060 miles,
in 27, hours and 44 minutes.
'I'he importance to Pittsburgh of a transportation
system of this magnitude cannot be overestimated: it
gives the ever-expanding industries of the Iron Citv the
most complete facilities for handling its enormous traffic.
Pennsylvania Railroad ix Pittsburgh District
—More tonnage originates in Pittsburgh and vicinity than
in anv other district of like area in the world. Rapidly

io8 S 0 R Y O F S U R G II
as the railroads had in recent years provided additional
facilities for handling this constantly increasing business,
it was realized five years ago that the congestion of
traffic was becoming so serious as to menace the prosperity
of this great industrial center. It was then that the
management of the Pennsylvania Railroad carefully
studied the traffic problem and worked out its correct
solution on a scale and by methods heroic in their aim
and dimensions.
Of all the railroads entering Pittsburgh, the Penn­
sylvania is of course the largest and most firmly established.
Here center the eastern and western lines which
make up that great railroad system of more than 11,000
miles. In its importance to transportation requirements
of the Pittsburgh district the Pennsylvania stands by
itself, ddie greatest burden of responsibility fell, there­
fore, upon this railroad
in proportion to its fa­
cilities and position.
Under the supervision
of the late President, A.
|. Cassatt, and his successor,
James McCrea,
the elaborate plans for
the i m pro y e m e 11 t
of Pittsburgh transportati.
m facilities, 11 o w
Hearing perfection, were
m a p p e .1 . nit. ddiese
plans called for vast
sums 1 if 111 o 11 e _v, but
there was no hesitation.
With boldness and farsightedness,
extensive
improvements w e 11 t
ahead mi the Pennsylvania
to meet the imperative
demands by the
business interests of
Pittsburgh and vicinity. It is estimated that the company's
mitlav from 1902 to [907 for construction to meet
those demands amounted to more than $25,500,000.
The Pennsylvania Pines entering the Greater City
consist of the Pennsylvania Railroad proper from the
Past; the Pittsburgh. Port Wayne and Chicago Railway
(Port Wayne Route I from the Northwest and AA'est;
the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway
(Panhandle Route) frmn the AA'est and Southwest:
the Buffalo and Allegheny Valley Railroad frmn
the North; the Western Pennsylvania Railroad frmn the
Northeast along the Allegheny shore of the Allegheny
River; the Monongahela Division from the Fast and
Southeast along the smith shore of the Monongahela
River. A glance at the map makes it apparent that the
Pennsylvania provides Pittsburgh with transportation
facilities from all directions, requiring comparatively
little interchange with other railroads at Pittsburgh, also
that the big problem was to join the Pennsylvania links
in such manner as to avoid confusion, congestion and
delay.
Enormous Interchange of Freight—Between its
own divisions the Pennsylvania has a daily interchange
of 5.000 cars, and a daily deliver}' to local industries of
3,000, making a total of 8,000 cars daily throughout the
year. This, however, does not convey an adequate idea
of the traffic handled, because shippers are given 48
hours for loading, and 48 hours for unloading, and the
cars thus held must be added to those passing through
UNION STATION, PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD, PITTSBURGH, l'A.
the district. In 1907 the Pittsburgh interchange
amounted to 2,417,335 cars, an increase of 173.119
over 1906.
The general scheme in making improvements has
been to arrange a series
of outer yards for re­
ceiving and classifying
through freight, and a
series of inner yards for
the distribution
of freight in the city.
ddie outer yards are
ci nmected by the belt
line, and the inner yards
are joined with the
whole system by convenient
links.
Grade Crossings
Abolished—From the
point of view of the
citizens of Pittsburgh
t h e 111 ost important
change m a .1 e by the
Pennsylvania has been
the elimination of grade
crossings. It has been
the systematic policy of
the company to elevate tracks, the streets passing underneath,
or to depress them and build bridges to carry
the streets overhead, ddie erection of the double-track
elevated structure along Duquesne AVay from PTnion Station,
in the heart of the city, to the Point was the deathblow
to the most troublesome crossings. It enabled Liberty
Avenue and Penn Avenue, on the surface of which
freight trains formerly passed, to lie free of tracks and
t.. become one of the most open and useful thoroughfares
in the citv.
The Pennsylvania (hurt Wayne Route) tracks approaching
Union Station crossed Liberty anel Penn Avenues
at grade only a few years ago. Now, crossing the
Allegheny River on the new, double-deck, four-track
bridge, thev enter the station by an elevated structure.
Through the Citv of Allegheny, to... the Pennsylvania
Company has eliminated all grade crossings, alternately

T H E S T O R A" O F T S U R G 1 3°9
raising or depressing the tracks as the topography of the
route would permit.
Near the Point the scheme for handling freight has
been entirely changed within two years. Liberty Avenue
tracks were formerly used to enter Duquesne Freight
Station at Liberty Avenue and Water Street. Now.
with the surface tracks removed, that station has been
torn down and a new one has been built between Penn
Avenue, Water Street, Duquesne Way and Third Street.
Team tracks, where cars can be loaded and unloaded
without warehouse facilities, cover the site of the old
station and are reached bv the spur from the Duquesne
Way elevated tracks. A new track along the Monongahela
River wharf has been built and is connected with
the team tracks on the site of the station. One hundred
cars can be handled along the wharf and at the old station
site, and nearly
200 at the station between
Water Street
and Duquesne Way!
The Duquesne Station
is m ode r 11 in
every particular and
fully equipped for the
handling of merchan-'
disc- traffic, with separate
houses for inbound
and outbound
freight. ()ver the in-
#boun.l house is the
Duquesne warehouse,
an up-to-date storageplant,
which, on account
of its location,
p r 0 v i .1 e s facilities
of exceptional convenience.
Elaborate plans
have been made for a WAYNE ROAD DEPRESSED llll
new station at Six­
MATIC !
teenth Street on the Allegheny Division of this road.
The house and team-track car capacity of other stations
is as follows: Pittsburgh Division—Twenty-sixth
Street, 93 cars; Thirty-third Street, 120; Shadyside, 108;
East Liberty, 104. AA'est Penn Division—Anderson
Street and Bennett, 121 cars. Monongahela Division—
Carson Street. 73 cars; Twenty-third Street. 179. B. &
A. A'. Division—Sixteenth Street. 532 cars; Produce
Yard, 314: Eleventh Street, 35; Twenty-ninth Street,
102; Thirty-eighth. Forty-eighth. Fifty-seventh and But-
ler Street Stations. 85 cars. P. Pt. AA'. ev: C.—Penn Avenue.
126 cars; North Avenue. 84; Manchester, 83; Superior
Siding. 2^. P., C. C. & St. L. Ry—Grant Street.
86 cars, and Try Street, 1 [3.
due object of the whole scheme of Pittsburgh improvements
has been to divert freight frmn the Union
Station route. Now only the Point freight goes that
way. Cars for the Point Station, whether from over the
Port Wav ne Route, the Panhandle Route, or the Buffalo
and Allegheny Valley Division, enter their proper
classification yards, are taken past Union Station, thence
over the Duquesne A\'ay elevated tracks by o ike-burning
( smokeless ) loci .111. itives.
The Brilliant Cut-Off—Of all single improvements
by which the general plan has been perfected, the
Brilliant Branch, or Brilliant Cut-Off, was the master
stroke. Although it was built at large expense, it has
saved incalculable time and money since put int.. opera­
tion. The Brilliant Cut-Off is a four-track railroad, extending
frmn the main line of the Pennsylvania in the
suburbs northward t.. the- Valley ( Buffalo and Allegheny
Valley) tracks mi the Allegheny River, and across the
river to the Western Pennsylvania Division.
As t h e Western
I 'ennsviv ania I )iv ision
connects further
down with the Fort
or.ai a .LEGHENY—MODERN AUTO-
IGXAI.S
Wayne R. nite. t h e
Brill i a 11 t Cut-Off
makes it possible for
f r e i g b t frmn the
\'

s < ) R Y ( ) P I T S B U R G 1 31 '
the Monongahela Division destined for western New
York or Canada goes by wav of the "A" along the main
line for a short distance, thence over the Cut-< Ml and up
the Valley toward Buffalo, thereby avoiding crowded
Pittsburgh.
Outer and [nner Yards—Alternate routes for
through freight did not, however, solve the traffic
problem of Pittsburgh. The classification of cars was
still to be reduced to a smooth-working system.
P.very one of the railroads entering Pittsburgh must
have its large miter yard for classifying through freight.
and a smaller inner yard for local distribution. On the
main line Pitcairn is the point where the largest classification
is made. It has a total capacity of 5,000 cars, which
are "cleared up"—received and sent out—every eighteen
hours. Wilkinsburg Yard in the inner circle is used to
receive and classify freight for local distribution.
Convvav Yard, on the- Fort Wayne Route, is the largest
yard in the Pittsburgh
district, a n d
contains 126 miles ol
tracks; it has a ca­
pacity of 11,000 cars,
and is a receiving,
classification and discharging
v a r d f o r
lot h eastward a 11 .1
vv e s t w a r .1 freight
over the Pennsylvania's
Northwest S y s t e 111.
Ihe- yard is emptied
of all cars, including
those held up for repairs,
everv nineteen
h. mrs. T h e b" .. r t
Wayne l\< >ute has several
other large yards,
located in both Allegheny Citv and Pittsburgh proper.
Scully Yard, with a capacity of 2,000 cars, is mi the
Panhandle Route. It receives, classifies and discharges
freight destined to points on the .Northwest System. 1 he
Panhandle's inner yard, for local distribution, is at
Sheridan. Freight between the Panhandle and Fort
Wav nc Route, or between the Panhandle and AA'est
Penn Division, goes over the Ohio Connecting Bridge a
short distance down the ( >hio River from the Point. The
Ohio Connecting Bridge also plays an important part in
diverting freight frmn the Union Station route. Improvements
have recently been made at the north cud
of the bridge greatly facilitating the interchange of
traffic.
On the Buffalo and Allegheny Valley Division the
miter yard is at Coleman, and the inner yard at Eight­
eenth Street.
Between Eighteenth and Twenty-sixth Streets, in­
clusive, is located what is known as the Produce
T1IE XEW PASSENGER STATION, ALLEGHENY, PA.
Yard, at which were received in 10(17 more than 22.000
car-loads of all kinds of fruits and vegetables, shipped
from almost everv State in the Union, including special
consignments of pears, peaches and plums from the
Rhodesian Nurseries of South Africa, grapes from
Spain, lemons from Italy, and figs from Turkey. The
estimated value of fruits and vegetables received at this
yard .luring 1007 was $1 1.500,000; and all of this produce
was consume.1 in Greater Pittsburgh and vicinity.
Stock Yards Moved—In line with improvements
was the establishment of extensive stock yards at I lerr's
Island in the Allegheny River. Until recently the yards
were located at East Liberty, a suburb near the eastern
boundary of the citv; now they are nearer the city, but
apart from it. Every dav 250 cars ..I live- stock areban.lied
there. The island is easily accessible to all the
terminal lines by the various connecting links lately constructed,
(attic are fed and watered at these yards and
t h e 11 distributed in
Pittsburgh, ..r f o rw
aided f. 1 eastern destinations.
An enumerati. in . .1
all the different improvements
made by
t h e Pennsylvania in
and around Pittsburgh
within the past five
vears would make a
long list. The transf..
r m a t i o 11 of the
Smith Side has alonebeen
little short of
marvelous. A fourtrack
rmite runs east
and west all the way
frmn the < )hio ( "011-
necting 1'.ridge to Thomson, along which are half a dozen
yards in connection with the mill business. The old Monongahela
River Bridge has been replaced by a modem
structure adapted to heavy rolling stock. Port Perry
Bridge, connecting the Monongahela Division with the
Print, hi "A"." has been double-tracked in the interest of
freer movement.
'I'he separation of the grades ..f railroad traffic—
passenger frmn freight—northward from southward.
eastward frmn westward, has been thoroughly worked
out, s.> that Pittsburgh to-day is really congestion-proof.
Facilities for Passenger Traffic—Carrying out
the Pennsylvania's policy of providing general terminal
passenger stations as near to the business section of large
cities as physical conditions permit, the reconstructed
Union Station at Liberty Avenue and Eleventh Street
is not milv most conveniently located as regards the
central district, but is easy of access from and to the
wholesale and retail shipping districts, office buildings.

3' 2 S O R Y O F P I T T S B U R G H
and hotels. About 40,000 passengers use the Union Sta- the
tion daily.
The station is commodious and combines in its ar­
rangement an adaptability to the easy accommodation of
the daily travel with a flexibility that minimizes the difficulty
of handling masses of people on special occasions.
In addition to ticket offices, waiting rooms, etc.. for
the accommodation of passengers, the building also
hmises the general offices of the Pennsylvania Pines, thus
bringing all the officials in direct touch with the scene
of active railroad operation—an ideal condition.
Ihe traveling public is served by over 400 trains
Pennsylvania System has provided for increasing-
travel.
It has been the policy of the company to establish in
all cities of expanding area passenger stations subsidiary
to the main terminal for the promotion and development
of ..utlving districts and the better accommodation of
suburban residents, ddie reconstructions of the hand­
some and commodious station at East Liberty is in line
with this policy. That station, at which all passenger
trains stop, not only accommodates the increasing popu­
lation of the East End with convenient railroad facilities
at its doors, but also serves to relieve the pressure on
arriving at and departing from Union Station every day. Union Station. The utilization of the Brilliant Branch
While the greater percentage of these trains fill require- for passenger trains of the Buffalo and Allegheny D 1 vi­
ments of commutation and purely local traffic, more than sion makes Fast Liberty a very convenient transfer point
1 j^, per ( lay connect Pittsburgh with cities and towns t and frmn the main line, and obviates the necessity of
within a radius of over 100 miles, and includes an ade- using Union Station for this purpose.
quate number of through trains between all the large
cities of the East and AA'est. Sixteen trains leave Union
Station daily for Philadelphia and New York; eight for
Baltimore and Washington: twelve for Chicago; nine to
Cleveland; seven t.> St. Louis; four to Cincinnati; three
t.. d'oled... and three t>> Buffalo. All are high-class
trains—the Pennsylvania standard—and make all the
cities that are served near neighbors of Pittsburgh.
Smne notable improvements of the passenger train
service became effective in 1906, when, in May, "The
New York Express" and "d'he Pennsylvania Dav Express"
were inaugurated as nine-hour davlight trains between
the Hudson and the- Ohio Rivers. "The Quaker
City Express," a popular afternoon train across the Keystone
State. "The Buffalo Special" and the "Duquesne
Special" t.. and I nun the hake City, are important
examples ..f the prompt and efficient service which
SECTION OF THE CONWAY YARD OX Till WAYNE ROAD
I'he new station in Allegheny, just completed at a
cost of $375,000, is one of the most commodious and
convenient suburban stations in the United States. It is
equally advantage-mis in location for every purpose.
It is apparent frmn the expenditure of many millions
of dollars for improvements mi the Pennsylvania Railroad
in the Pittsburgh district, within the past few years,
that this great transportation system has not been
unresponsive to the marvelous industrial development
achieved by the aggressive and progressive business spirit
of Greater Pittsburgh. This unprecedented development
is being carefully watched by the management of the
Pennsylvania Railroad, which has ever been ready to
aid in its promotion by the continual betterment of its
system I..r handling both freight and passenger traffic,
thereby insuring adequate transportation facilities for
the- greatest industrial center of the world.

II E S T O R Y O F s r (; ii 3' 3
THE BUFFALO. ROCHESTER & PITTS­
BURGH RAILWAY CO.—The Rochester & State-
Pine Railroad Co. secured a charter frmn the State- of
New York on October 6, 1869, to build a railroad from
Rochester, N. Y., the northern terminus, southwest
through the Genesee and Wyoming Valleys to Salamanca,
N. A'., a distance of one hundred and eight and
one-half miles, d'he section between Rochester. N. A'..
and LeRoy, N. A'., 24 10-100 miles, was opened for business
on September 15, 1874. The line to Salamanca was
completed and opened for traffic on May 16, 1878.
AA'hen originally commenced, the intention was to build
to the bituminous coal fields of western Pennsylvania,
and the city of Rochester,
N. A'., put $600,-
000, and towns along
the line $500,000 into
the enterprise.
In 1879 the Vander-
bilts acquired the control
of the road, intending
to make it a connecting
link between the
old Atlantic & Great
Western R. R. (now
Chicago & Erie) and
the New York Central
& Hudson River R. R.
ddie authorities of the
city of Rochester, concluding
that the Vanderbilts
w ere responsible
for the company,
and that the original intention
of building to
the coal fields had been
abandoned, brought action
against the company
and the A'anderbilts
for upwards of
one million dollars, and Arthur
at the same time the
contractor commenced legal proceedings for a large
amount. These actions were tried and dismissed by the
curt. Finding that it was impossible to obtain an undisputed
title to the property without long and tedious litigation,
the Vanderbilts abandoned the road, and default
being made mi the bonds, a foreclosure was commenced.
and Air. Svlvanus J. A lacy appointed receiver on February
27,, 1880. In January. 1881, the property was
sold under foreclosure proceedings, and reorganized by
AA'alst.ni II. Brown & Bros., of New York, bankers, under
the name of the Rochester & Pittsburgh Railroad Co.
In 1884 the mad again passed into the hands of a
receiver, AA'alston H. Brown, bv reason of a default mi
its second mortgage bonds. Sale under foreclosure pro­
ceedings look place in October, [885, when the property
was purchased bv Air. Adrian [selin, of New A oik, and
associates, and reorganized under the name ..t the Buffalo,
Rochester & Pittsburgh Railway Co.. its present
title.
To furnish an independent outlet from Lincoln Park,
N. Y., t Charlotte, N. Y.. and Pake- Ontario points, a
distance >.f 10.30 miles, the Pine..In Park eS: Charlotte
R. R. Co. was organized December 1. [888, and the line
completed August 12, [889. The cost was provided for
bv issue of $100,000 stock purchased by the- B. R. & P.
Rv\, and $350,000 5 per cent, bonds sold at par. I heroad
was leased for 99 vears upon the guaranty ol principal
and interest 1 >n the
b. .ii.P. ()n I )ecember 5.
[889, the line was legally
merge.1 int.. the
present company.
T(. o innect the pn >pc-rtv
eastbound via N.
A'. C. eV- II. R. IP IP
with the Reading System,
the Clearfield &
Mahoning Railway Co.
was organized May 31,
[892, to construct the
1 i 11 k fro m Dili!, .is
Junction. Pa., to (dearfield.
Pa., a distance of
25.87 miles, ddie cost
vv as pn ivided f. >r by the
sale of $050,000 5 pelcent,
bonds, and $750,-
000 stock. In May,
1 X

3M S T O R A' O s B U R G
opened on September 4. [899, and leased bv guarantee­
ing the principal and interest on the bonds, and annual
dividend of 6 per cent, on the stock.
In order to ..pen up new c..al fields, the Indiana
Branch, (13.02 miles in length, was built and placed in
operation on July 1, 1004. Trackage rights were also
received over the Pennsylvania R. R. for 18.23 miles
to coal lands farther smith, d'he ost. $2,436,714.84,
was provided for by the sale of B. R. & P. Rv. common
st. ick.
Honored and respected by all, there is 11.. man in
Rochester who occupies a more enviable position than
Arthur ( i. A'ates in commercial and financial circles, not
alone mi account of the brilliant success he has achieved.
but also ..11 account of the honorable, straightforward
business policy he has ever followed. He possesses untiring
energy, is quick of perception, forms his plans
readily, and is determined in their execution, and his
close application
to business a n d his
excellent management
have brought 1.1 him the
high degree of prosperity
which is t..-.lay his.
Arthur (\. A'ates was
born in Factoryville,
n o w P. a s t Waverly,
New York, December
[8, [843, and is a representative
of a distinguished
English family.
Mis grandfather, I )r.
William A" a t e s. was
bmn at Sappertmi, near
hurt. .11-. m-Trent, Eng-
1 a 11 .1, i 11 1 707. and
studied for the medical
profession, but 11 e v e r
engaged in practice. Being the eldest son of his
father's family, he inherited the estate and the title
of baronet. Throughout bis life he was distinguished
as a philanthropist. He was a cousin of Sir John
Howard, the- philanthropist, and Sir Robert Peel,
the statesman, and was himself one of the most
noted benefactors in England at that time. At his
own expense he built and conducted an asylum for
paupers and for the treatment of the- insane at Burtonon-Trent.
In 1702 he crossed the Atlantic to Philadelphia,
and was the first to introduce vaccination in this
country—a work to which he devoted much time and
money. In 1800 he returned to England, but soon afterward
again came to America, and frmn Philadelphia, in
company with Judge Coper and Judge Franchot and
General Morris, he ascended the Susquehanna River to
Unadilla, Butternut Creek Valley. < )n that trip he met
Hannah Palmer, the daughter of a prominent settler,
and after the marriage of the young couple thev returned
to England, spending two vears in his native land. I lav­
ing disposed of his estate, Sappertmi, to his brother
Harry, Dr. A'ates came mice more to the United States
and purchase. 1 a large estate at Butternuts, now the town
of Morris, Otsego County, New York, where he spent
his remaining days, his death occurring when he was
in his ninetieth year. He was widely respected and
esteemed. He spent a large fortune in carrying out his
benevolent ideas, and many there were who had reason
to remember him with gratitude for his timely assistance.
He possessed the broadest humanitarian views, and his
kindly sympathy was manifest in a most generous, but
unostentatious, charity, and humanity gained thereby.
Judge Arthur A'ates, his eldest si.11, was born at Butternuts,
now Morris, New York, February 7. 1807,
acquired a common-school education, and in 1832 located
at Factoryville, New York, where he engaged
in merchandising a 11 .1
lumbering, extensively
carrying mi business
al. nig these lines f. ir
thirty vears. He was
an active and enterprising
citizen and did much
to upbuild the beautiful
v i 11 a g e in which he
111 a d e his home. In
1838 he was appointed
Judge of Tioga County,
New York. He was
prominent in financial
circles, where his word
was recognized as good
as his bond. AA'ith banking
and other business
interests in Waverly
BUFFALO, R( K HESTER & PITT: iBURGH RAILWAY Co. BUILDING
ROCHES rER X. Y.
he was actively connected,
and was .also prominent and influential in social.
educational and church circles. His life was very helpful
to those with whom he came in contact, anel he enjoyed
the unqualified regard of all. In January. 1836,
Judge A'ates was united in marriage to Miss Jerusha
Washburn, a daughter of Jeba Washburn, of Otsego
County, New York, and they became the parents of seven
children. The Judge died in 1880, but the influence of
his life and labors is yet felt for go...! in the community
in which he made his home and where the circle of his
friends was almost o.-extensive with the circle of his
acquaintances.
Arthur G. Yates, the fourth member of the family
"I Judge A'ates. pursued his literary education in his
native town and afterwards studied in various academies.
In March, 1895, he became a resident of Rochester, and
here accepted a position with the Anthracite Coal Company,
with which he remained for two years during

T II E S T O R Y O F PI T T S B U R G 11 3'5
which time he gained a thorough know ledge- of the busi- organizations. lie is the oldest warden of St. Paul s
ness. On the expiration of that period he began dealing Episcopal Church, having held the ..nice for a quarter
in coal on his own account and has since been connected of a century, and at one time he was trustee oi the I ni-
witb the trade, being now one of the most extensive versity of Rochester. His interest in bis fellow men is
dealers in the entire country. He has extended his ship- deep and sincere and arises frmn a humanitarian spirit
ments into northern and western States, and has erected which has prompted his support and co-operation with
immense shipping docks at Charlotte, the port of manv movements and enterprises for the general good.
Rochester. A contemporary biographer said of him: John F. Dinkey, auditor and treasurer, was born
"Arthur (1. A'ates is pre-eminently a coal man, manag- October 16, 1854, at Smith Easton, Pa. He entered
ing a railroad line simply for the purpose of getting his railway service April 1. 1874, since then he has been
goods to market. As a member of the old firm Bell, consecutively t.. August, 187X, chiei clerk ol the- freight
Lewis & A'ates he achieve.1 great success in the coal and coal departments of the Lehigh i\- Susquehanna divitracle,
and as their shipments were largely over the sion of the Central R. R. ol New Jersey; August, 1878,
Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railroad, be- arranged to February, [881, chief clerk general manager's office
to get control of that line, which he did. Pater he re- New York Elevated R. R.; February, [881, to January,
tired frmn the- firm, and while carrying on a personal [889, auditor and assistant treasurer Rochester ev Pittsbusiness
at Rochester, he became interested in the burgh R. R. and its successor, the Buffalo, Rochester ex:
Rochester and Pittsburgh Coal & Iron Co., a oncern Pittsburgh Railway; January, [890, to date, auditor and
that had been forme.1 by certain stockholders of the Buf- treasurer of same mad and its affiliated companies.
falo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railroad Co. Increasing William T. Noonan, general manager, was born July
the importance of the Rochester & Pittsburgh, he soon u, 1870, at Waverly, Minn. Educated in the public
had the satisfaction of buying up the- business of Bell. schools at Minneapolis. Entered railway service [888
Lewis & A'ates and adding the property of his former as clerk in the purchasing department of the Minneapolis
partners to the affairs then under bis control. Since & St. Louis Railway, since then be has been cmisecuthat
time the combined business, together with the rail- tively, May, 1890, to April, [892, clerk in the car acroad
affairs, have been managed by Mr. A'ates with counting department: April. [892, to June. 1804, chiei
marked success, so that the railway company is now clerk to superintendent of telegraph of the same mad;
paving dividends, although for manv years no returns June, [894, to May, 1900, chief clerk to general superwere
made. The total capitalization of the various rail- intendent; May, 1900, to June, [902, chief clerk to genroad
and mining corporations of which Mr. A ates is era! manager and vice-president same road; June. 1902,
president is about forty-two millions, d'he increase in to June, [904, superintendent in charge oi operating dethe
market value of the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh partmerit same mad; June to November, 1004. special
Railmad has been eleven million dollars, and the busi- representative of operating department Erie Railroad;
ness of the mad has grown frmn a tonnage of [,770,219 November. 1004. to July 1. [906, general superintendent
in 1889 to 6,771,040 tmis of freight in n;oi, while the 0f the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railway; July 1.
passenger business of the road had increased in the same [906, to date, general manager.
relative proportion—a larger proportionate growth than Jacob Ah Floesch, chief engineer, was born Dethat
of any other railmad in the United States. The cember 12. 1857. He was educated in the public schools
rolling stock, including all locomotives, cars. etc.. was anc| entered the railway service October, 1881, since
in 1890 five thousand seven hundred and fifty-one, and which time he has been consecutively, to January, 1884,
in 1901 was ten thousand six hundred and fifteen, d he transitman and assistant engineer Rochester & Pittsburgh
gross earnings of the mad in [889 were- $2,021,590.68, Railmad; July, 1884, to November, 1885. draftsman
while in njoi the amount of $5,830,618 was reached. Rochester Bridge & Iron AA'orks at Rochester, N. A'.;
d'he mining operations have now reached six million December. 1885. to October, [891, assistant chief en-
tons annually. gineer Rochester & Pittsburgh Railroad and its successor.
On the 26th of December, [866, Air. A'ates was mar- the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railway, the change
ried to Aliss Virginia h. Holden, a daughter ol R..swell jn name having taken place in March, [887; November.
Holden, of Watkins, N. A'., and unto them have been [891, to January. [892, chief engineer Johnsonburg e\:
born six children: Frederick W., Harry, Florence, Bradford R. P.: July. 1802. to September, 1804, chief
Arthur and Howard P., both deceased, and Russell P. engineer Clearfield e\: Mahoning Railway; October, 181)4,
Their home is a beautiful residence on South Fitzhugh to December, 1897, engineer in charge of reconstruction
Street. of lines Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railway in
Socially Air. A'ates is connected with the Genesee Pennsylvania; January, 1808, to August. [899, chief
Valley Club, the Ellicott Square Club of Buffalo, the engineer Allegheny & Western Railway; September t..
Duquesne Club of Pittsburgh, and the Transportation December, [899, superintendent of the Pittsburgh divi-
Club and Midday Club of New York, all very important si..11 of the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railway;

3 • '> T II ( ) R A" O F I T T LI R G H
January, [900, to date, chief engineer. In every posi­
tion Mr. Floesch has ably perfomed its duties.
Robert W. Davis, freight traffic manager, was born
Julv 18, 1857, at Union Square, Oswego Cunt}-, N. A'.
He entered the railway service in 1871, since then lie-
has been consecutively to 1872 apprentice Syracuse
Northern R. R. (now Rome, Watertown e\: Ogdensbiirg
R. R. I ; 1872 to 187(1, telegraph operator; 187(1
to 1880, station agent; [880 to 18S2, train dispatcher
and traveling auditor; June, 1882, to April. 1884, train
dispatcher Rochester & Pittsburgh Railroad (now Buffalo,
Rochester & Pittsburgh Railway); April. 1884, to
July, [892, traveling freight agent and chief clerk of
the general freight department;
July 11, 1892, to
July 1, 1907, general freight
agent ; July 1, 1907, to date,
freight traffic manager.
Edward C. Lapey, general
passenger agent, was
born January 21, i860, at
Niagara Palls, N. Y. Educated
in the c o 111111 0 11
schools. Entered railway
service October, 1876, as
ticket agent and telegraph
operator union ticket office
at Buffalo, N. -Y., si nee
then he has been consecutively,
August, 1882, to
Julv. [892, clerk and chief
clerk in the general passenger
department, and
traveling passenger agent
R ochester& Pittsburgh
Railroad: Julv 11, 1892, to
date, g e 11 e r a 1 passenger
agent Buffalo, Rochester &
Pittsburgh Railway, successor
to the Rochester &
Pittsburgh Railroad. In his
various positions Mr. Lapey
has invariably brought into play the elements of success.
TUP. BESSEMER ev LAKE ERIE RAILROAD
-The rise and growth of the Bessemer & Pake Erie
Railroad from the time of its inception ten years ago
is far beyond the dreams of the most sanguine of its
pr. mioters.
In [896 Andrew Carnegie conceived the idea of acquiring
the- Shenango & Pake Erie Railroad, at that time
a I r,y equipped line laid with light rails, running from
Conneaut Harbor to Butler, with a branch to Erie. His
idea was to extend the line from Butler to Braddock,
Homestead and Duquesne, reconstruct the ..1,1 line, and
lav the whole with tOO-pound rails, and thus have an
independent mute tor the movement of ore from Lake
Erie to the works of the Carnegie Steel Company at the
above-named points, connecting up the ore-carrying
problem through from the mines in Minnesota to the
blast furnaces in the Pittsburgh district under one
ownership, the Carnegie Company having already ventured
int.. ownership of railroads, vessels on the lakes,
and mining properties in the Northwest.
It was thought by some and commented upon by
others at the time that the project would be a failure
in that the rate would not be sufficient for the Bessemer
to ome out whole, all of which has been proved as utterly
without warrant, as shown by the earnings each year since
the extension was completed.
By those who had the
whole scheme to work out,
the theory, by which they
sought to solve the problem,
was to double the weight of
the train-load, thereby reducing
the dead weight to
a point somewhere near the
live weight, and thus be
able to reduce the carrying
ost per ton to a figure far
below a 11 y thin g before
known. This plan could
only be carried out by increasing
the carrying ca­
pacity of the cars, hence the
birth of the steel car and
the establishment of the gigantic
industries that are
now to be found turning out
these cars by the thousands
every year.
The Bessemer & Lake
Erie Railroad, as can be
EDWARD I 1. UTLEY
shown, is the pioneer in the
use of steel cars on a large
President of the Besseme & Lake Erie Railmad
scale. To-day the materials
construction oi
used by car companies for
tec-1 cars for the various roads in the
country runs int.. millions of tons annually. In 1896
there were exhibited at Saratoga convention two 100,000pound-capacity
steel hopper cars, built at the Keystone
Bridge Works of the Carnegie Company, and these two
cars have been in continuous service ..11 the Bessemer
mad since that time.
I he president of the mad was convinced at once that
the heavy tonnage the road would be required to handle
oul.l only be done in cars of this class, as wooden cars
could not stand up under the strain, and on March 26,
[897, the first contract for building steel cars was signed
by the Bessemer & Pake Erie Railmad and the Schoen
Pressed Steel Company for Ooo steel hopper cars. This

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3' 8 s o Y O I T S L" G
contract was the beginning of the development of the
large-capacity steel cars on a large scale.
Assuming a standard ore train on the Bessemer road
made up of forty steel hopper cars as a basis, the total
..re load would amount to 2,200 tons, or an average of
fifty-five net tons per car, and the advantages of the
steel car over the wooden type then in use, of a capacity
of twenty-five tons each, are quite clearly defined. The
vital point in net ost of transportation being directly
dependent upon the relation of live and dead load, in
which cost is involved economy in tractive resistance
and in fuel and steam consumption, reduction in train
crew forces, reduction in traction mileage, a less number
of cars to handle and repair, and reduction in equipnient
of cars, wheels, axles and so mi down to a saving
of track equipment—all of these advantages were apparent
during the early stages of the development of the
steel car. and amounts to a very large increase in the ratio
of paving freight to the total load hauled.
Since the placing of the first order for steel cars in
1896 the Bessemer has purchased mi an average about
1,000 cars per annum, until now there are nearly 10,000
in use mi this line in ore and coal-carrying trade, representing
an investment of at least $10,000,000.
AA'hen the road was surveyed and constructed it was
done with a knowledge as to what a railroad should be
in the Pittsburgh section to make the best freight rates.
The cost as to fills, cuts, bridges and trestles, usually
looked to first by railroad systems, was not regarded by
this corporation; these things were subservient to the
main thought—that of constructing a mad mi which
the heaviest trains could be moved with the least power.
To secure a maximum grade of thirty-one feet per mile
south, and thirty-nine feet per mile north through this
region, and to avoid neither cut, fill, trestle nor bridge,
required nerve and money. The Bessemer & Lake Erie
people have both. The line was constructed through
fifty cuts, two trestles, and over seventeen bridges. The
Allegheny River is spanned by a bridge one hundred feet
above the water level, .and three thousand three hundred
and fifty-nine feet in length. Of all the engineering
feats performed on the road this was doubtless the most
remarkable.
The development of the heavy traffic carried with it
naturally a heavier class of motive power, and the engines
used by the Bessemer in hauling the ore from
Conneaut Harbor t.. the top of the hill were for several
years the largest and most powerful in the world. Recent
developments in larger-capacity locomotives bv the
Atchison, the Baltimore & Ohio, and the Erie mads,
however, have gone beyond the ones in use bv the Bessemer,
but the pioneer spirit still prevails, and it mav
not be long before something will be done in the line of
increasing the heaviest engines vet built.
The Bessemer is also in the van in regard to the use
of steel ties. Whatever may be said in regard to the
superiority of wood over steel for ties, that does not
answer the question as to what is to be done in the very
near future in obtaining wooden ties to meet the de­
mands of all the mads. Great as this country is, and
vast as are its resources, the demands mi the forests
have made such inroads mi the timber supply that it
has become a serious question as to how much longer the
forests can be drawn upon for cross ties. The Bessemer,
anticipating this condition, commenced three years ago
by lav ing an experimental section of half a mile of steel
ties, and after due time had elapsed to test their efficiency,
placed an order for 105,000 in the year 1906, and fol­
lowed it in 1907 with an order for 140,000 steel ties.
These have been used for new work and renewals. Nothing
has occurred in their use to change the opinion formed
by the experimental tests that the ties are a good substitute
for wood, and, in fact, more economical in that
even if thev lasted no longer thev will always have a
scrap value equal to nearly half the purchase price,
whereas wooden ties when removed are piled up and
burned.
There are now over 90 miles of steel ties in use by
the Bessemer mad. and it is the intention of the mad
management to continue the purchase until the whole line
will be laid with steel, unless in the meantime a substitute
is found that is better in every respect and more
economical.
It is interesting at this time to glance back over a
period of ten years and note the changes that have taken
place in that time in the important feature of cheaper and
better transportation.
The first year that the Bessemer & Pake Erie Railroad
was opened through ( 1807), the ..re tonnage was
500,428 net tons, with a tonnage over the line of 1,151,-
000 tons. This has grown at the rate of about a million
and a half tons each year, until in [906 the ore tonnage
was 5,054,000 tons, and the total tonnage was 10,-
471.000 tmis. showing an increase during the ten years
of nearly mie thousand per cent.
Interesting statistics could be worked out as to what
all ..t this vvmild represent in miles of trains reaching
from somewhere to somewhere else, which are not particularly
interesting: but to the man handling it and
overseeing the details it means plenty of brain and muscle,
to say nothing of brain fag; and all of this merely goes
with the daily events of life that, while thev are of
moment to-day, are forgotten to-morrow in the strife
lor something greater.
'Ihe tonnage to-day could not be transported in the
ordinary wooden equipment in use ten years ago, when
the average train-load was not more than 400 tons, whereas
now it reaches 1,000; and the large number of blast
furnaces that have been built in the Pittsburgh district
would never have been needed, as the ore could not
have been transported. It will be equally interesting
to watch the development in the next ten years, at which

s () R Y O F I T T S I* U G 319
time an altogether different story mav be told, but it is
safe to say it will be a good one.
STREET RAILWAYS
REAL ESTATE VALUES RAPIDLY RISE AS STREET RAILWAYS OPEN
NEW TERRITORY
The rapid transit facilities of Greater Pittsburgh are
under the exclusive ontrol of the Pittsburgh Railways
Company, a subsidiary of the Philadelphia Company.
The Pittsburgh Railways was formerly the Southern
I raction Company, but on December 31, 1901, the present
title ..I the company was adopted bv a vote of the
directors. I he underlying companies composing the sys­
tem numbered [3, and these were the outgrowth of nearly
as manv more smaller companies operating under independent
charters. The system overs 518 miles within
the limits of the greater citv, and in the fiscal year 1907
more than 200,000,000 paving passengers were carried.
Ihe Pittsburgh Railways Company also controls the
Beaver Valley Traction Company and the AA'ashington &
Cannonsburg Railway ('ompany, which are operated separately.
The Pittsburgh Railways Company also has a connection
at Duquesne with the system of the AA'est Penn
Railways, covering 140 miles of territory in the Connellsville
oke region, which is the largest interurban traction
system in western Pennsylvania.
Electricity was first introduced on the street railways
f the greater citv on the ()bservatory Hill branch of the
Federal Street & Pleasant Valley Railway Company, now
,1 link' in the general system. The evolution 111 the rapid
transit field was frmn horse-car to underground cable,
and frmn the latter to the overhead trolley, and at the
present time the entire system is now successfully op­
erated by electricity.
The general contour of the business section ..I the
citv is n..t unlike that of New York, and the great success
of the underground rapid transit system of the
Metropolis suggested the solution of the congested trafficin
Pittsburgh. A strong effort was made to obtain franchises
for an underground mad here in 1007 without
success, but that such relief frmn the overcrowded trolleys
must be provided in the near future is unquesti.
Hied.
THE PHILADELPHIA COMPANY AND AF­
FILIATED CORPORATIONS—In one way or another
the Philadelphia Company practical]}- serves every
citizen of Pittsburgh, hi addition to this, its services
are extended to neighboring towns and through the adjacent
country. It is opportunity capitalized; it is energy
radiated; well does it typify the potency of money.
AA'ith the electricity and artificial gas the company produces,
the citv is lighted. It supplies power to many
manufacturers. It controls the street-car traffic. In
Pittsburgh and vicinity it operates 120 mutes. Past
year on its cars the company carried 203,411,809 pas­
sengers. Annually it sells for domestic fuel to Xj,(>X

320 II p s O R Y O F
tbr. .ugh the suburbs are also a part of the Pittsburgh
Railways Company's system. Scarcely an improvement
of recent years keeps pace with the progress of the elec­
tric railway. Ubiquitous trolley lines have caused cities
to spread. The electric car makes possible a greater
Pittsburgh. Ere long, from Beaver Falls to Fairchance,
from Butler to the Ohio line, the country amund Pitts­
burgh will be brought in closer touch with the city by
the ever available trolley.
Organized in 1884 with a capital of $1,000,000 to
engage in the production and exploitation oi natural
gas, the Philadelphia Company has grown by the simple
process ..f adding again and again to its industries and
resources, until to-day it is justly regarded as one of
the largest public service corporations in the country.
din nigh the value ..f the company's holdings has been
considerably appreciated by the city's increase in wealth
and population, the greatest contribution to the Philadelphia
Company's prosperity was procured through what
was done by the men win. have so advantageously managed
the company's affairs. Abler financiers or officers
win. have displayed greater shrewdness in fostering the
interests of their company scarcely could be found anywhere,
and the continuous success ol the company S
affairs is easily explained.
On the Board of Directors of the Philadelphia Company
are: James IP Reed, James I). Gallery, George
H. Frazier. IP J. Bowdoin, George P.. McCague, Joshua
Rhodes, Patrick Calhoun, Richard A'. Cook, I!. S. Guinness
and Edwin AA'. Smith.
d'he present officers of the ompany are: President.
lames II. Reed; Vice-President, James D. Gallery; Secretary.
\A'. B. Carsmi; Assistant Secretary, J. L. Foster;
Treasurer, C. J. Braun, Jr.; Assistant Treasurer, J. \\f.
Murray; Auditor. C. S. Mitchell; General Manager,
Joseph P. Guffey: General Superintendent. J. Ix. Beatty;
General Contracting and Purchasing Agent, Matthew
Bigger; Land Agent. AA'. R. Truby.
'I'm-: Pittsburgh Railways Company—"For convenience
of operation the different railways have been
united under an agreement by which they are operated
by the Pittsburgh Railways Company, the stock of which
is held wholly bv the Philadelphia Company." Comprised
in the Pittsburgh Railway System are upwards
of 500 miles of track- over which the company operates
about 2,000 cars. As shown by the last annual report
..f the company the gross earnings of the Pittsburgh
Railways for the year amounted to $10,232,619.88. The
car mileage for the same period totaled 36,125,014 miles.
The earnings per car mile are placed at $.2791. The
officers of the Pittsburgh Railways Company are: President,
lames D. Caller}-; Vice-President, James II. Reed:
Second Vice-President, S. P. Tone; Secretary, W. P..
('arsmi: Assistant Secretary, J. P. Poster: Treasurer, C.
J. Braun, Ir. ; Assistant Treasurer, J. \A'. Murray; Auditor,
C. S. Mitchell; General Superintendent, John
p | T T S P. U R G II
Murphy; Chief Engineer, F. Uhlenhaut, Jr.; Electrical
and Mechanical Engineer, P. N. Jones.
Allegheny County Light Company—AA'ith the
exception that R. S. Orr is the General Superintendent,
the principal officers of the Allegheny County Light
Company are identically the same as those of the Pitts­
burgh Railways Company.
As to the efficiency and cheapness of the Allegheny
County Right Company's service, there is strong and
abundant testimony. So sure is the company of its
position in this respect, that it cites, to advocates of
municipal ownership, the considerably increased cost of
electric lighting in cities that invested in municipal light-
plants.
HIP. PITTSBURGH 8c BUTLER STREET
RAILWAY CO.—More than a century ago, from Pittsburgh
to Butler was built a highway which was afterwards
called the "Butler Plank Road." Over this mad,
in the .lavs gone by, frmn Butler to Pittsburgh was a
.lav's journey. Now in a luxuriously appointed Pullman
mi a "Pittsburgh-Butler Short Line Limited" electric-
train one can make the trip easily and with absolute-
safety in abmit an hour.
Ada the Sixth Street bridge, through Allegheny,
from Pittsburgh to Butler, by way of Etna, PTndercliff,
Glenshaw, Allison Park. Gibsonia, APdencia
and Alars, the length of the new electric line is
38.51 miles, of which 5.4 miles (from Pittsburgh
to Etna) are over the tracks of the Pittsburgh Railways
Company. To begin with, the route is such
as to permit of the operation of an economical schedule
that cannot be equalled by anv present or future
competitor, either steam or electric. ddie roadbed
is safe above the reach of floods. For the entire distance-
all rights of wav have been taken at standard
widths, to give ample romn for double-tracking and sidings.
Solidity and permanence of construction characterize
everv foot of the line. The roadbed is noted for
its excellent drainage features. The grading and track
work were done by experienced and practical steamrailroad
engineers and mechanics. All curves were
spiraled and elevated according to the most improved
methods, d'he ties are of the best white oak obtainable,
spaced 24-inch centers, and ballasted with stone. The
rails are 75 pounds per yard, as adopted by the American
Society ol Civil Engineers, and standardized bv all manufacturers
throughout the United States.
All crossings of railroads or public highways at
grade wherever possible have been eliminated. Rut very
few bridges are called for; vet in its bridge-o instruction,
as in other things, the company has demonstrated its
thoroughness and disregard of expense. All bridges are
..I standard steel and concrete construction, thoroughly
tested before erection and after completion. Designed
and built to meet everv requirement of present use

S T O R Y O F P T S U R G 1 321
and future development were these bridges. In perfect
safety over them for vears to come mav be hauled the
heaviest-loaded freight-cars, if desired. Even the via­
ducts for the small streams are of steel and concrete.
Throughout the line ever}' provision has been made for
safety and economical maintenance.
d'he company's overhead electrical construction is un­
surpassed mi anv electrical railmad now in operation.
It was put up by the Westinghouse Electric e\r Manufacturing
Co., and is known as their Catenary system.
The trolley is 0000 wire. This is supported by a steel
cable every ten feet throughout the entire length of the
line, and it is impossible for a car to become entangled
with any section of the trolley in the event of a break.
ddie Westinghouse single-phase alternating system
was adopted for the mad because it does entirely away
with costly substation installation and maintenance of
heavy copper feed-lines saving enormous first cost and
burgh and Butler Short Line" is mie of the safest and
most convenient railways 111 the country.
Limited trains leave Pittsburgh, corner Penn Avenue
and Sixth Street, for Butler everv two hours frmn 8:24
A. AI. until 8:24 P. Ah, which make but four stops.
Theater train leaves at 11 :ii P. AI. Also, local trains
from Etna everv hour frmn j:^,2 A. AI. until >>:^2 P. Ah
Local trains make all stops.
So popular have these trains proved t< 1 be that the
company has been, at this early date, compelled to increase
considerably its car capacity. New cars ..I the
most approved pattern, to be delivered as soon as possible,
have been ordered and will be delivered to the com­
pany at an early date.
Under the- new law the Pittsburgh and Puller Street
Railway Company is authorized to carry freight, and
Wells, Fargo & Co. operate their express business to all
points mi the lines of this company.
TYPE or THE MODERN AXIi ELEGANT CARS USED BY lilt: PITTSBURGH AND BUTLER STREET All.WAV . o VI I- V.\ 1
interest for copper charges, giving a higher trolley
voltage with less line loss and greater power for motor
o uisumpti. ui.
The cars, made by the Niles Car ex: Manufacturing
f"o., used on the line are the finest "electric Pullmans"
built to-day. Possessing every convenience and the most
approved safety devices, each car is equipped with four
100-H.-P. motors. On trial runs these cars have been
able to maintain an average speed of 48 miles per hour
for a distance of 20 miles, the extent of the test. The
cars are air-controlled.
A complete steam-railroad train-order system is employed
by the dispatcher's office, private telephones being
used frmn 1 ths located at each switch and the termini.
The company has taken especial care to place its cars in
the charge of experienced and trustworthy men. Every
appliance and precaution which makes for the safety
and omfort of the passengers have been adopted despite
expense, and it may be said truthfully that the "Pitts-
THP WEST PENN RAILWAYS COMPANY—
Ihe West Penn Railways Company was organized February
17. 1004. under the laws of Pennsylvania, and is
the consolidation of several street-car lines and lighting
companies in various important cities and towns in the
Connellsville oke region and along the Monongahela
River from Brownsville to McKeesport. All its properties
were acquired only after the most thorough examination
by legal, engineering and accounting experts.
The directors and principal officers are New York and
Pittsburgh men of known financial standing and worth.
"Ihe consolidated system of electric railways has a
length of 14}.41 miles, three-fourths on private right-of-
way, and comprising the West Penn Interurban Railways
Company, the Pittsburgh. McKeesport eV Connellsville
Railway Co., and the Greensburgh & Southern Electric
Street Railway Co. It has recently purchased the
lines ..f the Latrobe Street Railways Co. These properties
are located in Allegheny, AA'estmoreland. Washing-

ton and Fayette Counties. The possession by this com­
pany in many places of the only feasible mutes ensures
a practical monopoly of the traction business in this section.
I he A\ est Penn Railways Company, through its
ownership of the entire capital stock of the corporations
holding the municipal lighting franchises, controls the
lighting of Manor, Irwin, Jeannette, Greensburgh, Alt.
Pleasant, Scottdale, Connellsville, Dawson, Uniontown,
Latrobe, Derry, Fairchance, Masontown, New Salem,
Brownsville, California. Roscoe, Fayette Citv, Belle
Vernon, Monessen, Charleroi, Donora, Monongahela
City, Elizabeth and Dravosburg. In this field the company
is without competition, and the earnings are rapidly
increasing. Power is furnished to many manufacturing
concerns, mines and oke ovens for haulage, lighting
and pumping. Its power station is of the best modern
type of construction, all the essentials of cheap production
and distribution are embodied in the equipment
and location of this plant.
This onipanv has made great strides during the past
year both in the acquirement of new properties and in
the increase of revenues. The current year shows an increase
in earnings of more than sixteen per cent, over
the previous year, and there is probably no interurban
proposition in the United States that has such possibilities
of a large and increasing business. After all the extensions
have been made that are now contemplated and
the high-tension lines have been extended to reach the
properties of the electric lighting companies recently acquired,
the AA'est Penn Railways Company will be able
to bring up their properties to their highest efficiency,
and thev will have, frmn the standpoint of earnings, the
largest and most successful railway and lighting concern
in the United States.
TELEPHONE COMPANIES
WHAT WOULD WE DO WERE THE BUSINESS WORLD DEPRIVED
OF THE TELEPHONE?
d'he Central District & Printing Telegraph Co., operating
under the Bell system, was the pioneer in the Pittsburgh
field in the telephone business. It was organized
in 1881. and has steadily grown until in \

son; Vice-President, D. P. Henry; General Manager,
AI. H. Buehler; Secretary, John G. Stoakes; Treasurer.
P. Ah Stephenson. The directors are: D. Peet AA'ilson,
president: D. F. Henry, chairman National Fireproofing
Company; Gorge I. Whitney, of Whitney & Stephenson;
Daniel II. Wallace, capitalist; W. B. Schiller, presi­
dent National Tube Company; J. B. Finley, capitalist;
Henry C. Bugham. president Second National Bank—
all of Pittsburgh, and P. P. Pish, president American
Telephone & Telegraph Co., and C. Jay French, general
manager The American Bell Telephone Company, both
of Boston, Alass.
THE PITTSBURG & ALLEGHENY TELE­
PHONE CO.—Unequalled among modern conveniences
not only as an economy oi time and money, but as an
advertisement ol the alert grasp upon conditions shown
by the linns who are numbered among its subscribers.
the P. & A. Telephone Co. is second to none in its scope
..f usefulness in the business world of five States.
I hough comparatively a new company (having been in
business scarcely seven years), the growth of its business
has been such as to render the position attained bv
it among kindred concerns unassailable by anv or all
competitors. It has direct long-distance lines in every
direction frmn the city to points in Pennsylvania. AA'est
Virginia, Maryland, Ohio, and New York, connecting
with the independent systems of those States, and giving
telephone communication to a greater number of
people' than can be reached directly by anv other system
r systems. In the State of Ohio alone communication
can be bad with I [9,000 telephones in excess of all other
o impanies combine.1.
Ihe P. & A. Telephone Co. is a corporation with a
capital of $5,000,000, having received its charter April
21, [898. It began operating a paid service January 1,
nl

324 S o O F T T S R G PI
almost possible to count upon your fingers the business
houses that are not using electricity for illumination.
The company enjoys the distinction of being the only
public service corporation operating in Allegheny City
that pays for the privilege it enjoys from the citv, as
it is now paving both a pole tax and a tax upon its gross
receipts.
Ihe principal I..under, president and managing head
..I the company is Charles Geyer, a native of .Allegheny.
and frmn earliest manh 1 engaged in business in Allegheny.
Air. Geyer was the pioneer ice manufacturer of
Allegheny, and became vice-president of the Consolidated
Ice Company upon its formation. In [896 the citizens
..f .Allegheny, desiring in a mayoralty candidate a broad,
liberal-minded successful business man, prevailed upon
bun to accept the nomination, and elected him by one of
TYPICAL COAL-BARGE RIVER-SCENE IN PITTSBURGH
the most decisive majorities ever given in Allegheny. So
successful was his administration, and so satisfactory
was his management of municipal affairs that, although
he was a Republican and a party man, the Good-Govern­
ment Party in the last mayoralty campaign used every
influence to have him become their nominee.
He is president of the Allegheny Ice Company of
Allegheny, the Union Ice Company of Pittsburgh, the
Wadsworth St. me ec Paving Co., and a director of the
Provident Trust Company of Allegheny.
The officers of the Pennsylvania Light & Power Co.
are: President. Charles Geyer; A'ice-President, Emil
Winter; Secretary and Treasurer, C. O. Spillman. The
directors are: Charles Geyer, Morris Einstein, Emil
Winter, James Bryan, Dr. Jos. Stybr, J. N. Davidson,
Wm. S. McKinney, all well known business men.

?i;>: *£-.
J^i^'^iSii^^-^1
„na -i'*.^,»Ky
-v. ,1-^.ffft-?, .•.ttr,.,)fh. wane. Anywhere frmn live t

326 S ( ) R A' ) F S r r g
burgh product as far away as the Pacific coast. I hetrade
generally is in a more healthy condition than it
ever was. and constantly growing in importance.
WHOLESALE DRY-GOODS
A WELL INTRENCHED INDUSTRY THAT CAN HOLD ITS OWN
AGAINST ALL COMPETITION
With its own experts flitting abroad annuallv and
guaranteeing to Pittsburghers a peep at the latest in styles
as soon as thev are out, the Pittsburgh wholesale dryg
Is trade would seem to be pretty well entrenched
against competition frmn the
outside. P.esides this, Pittsburgh
wholesalers are manu­
facturers and make much of
the stuff with which they supply
retail dealers in western
Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio
and West Virginia. Then, as
a trump card over the invader's
head, the Pittsburgh
wholesale dry-goods merchant
can lav claim to knowing better
than anv outsider what
Pittsburgh wants, and these
wants are distinctive in many
respects.
The trade began in the
Steel City mi the same small
scale as many other of the
citv's enterprises, but it had
to battle long against a wall
of prejudice. It took time t..
show the people that anything
thev cmild buv in New York
Pitv could be secured here.
Men and women trained in
the wants of varied classes of
people are sent to Paris and
the capitals of Europe each
year to pick fine laces, gloves,
and other wares needed by
Pittsburgh establishments.
Hundreds of stores in the
THE ARBUTHNOT-STEPHENSON COMPANY
—One of the best known wholesale dry-goods firms of
western Pennsylvania is the Arbuthnot-Stephenson ('oni­
panv of Pittsburgh, Pa. The firm handles a full line
of foreign and domestic dry-g Is, notions, linens, lace-
curtains, draperies, carpets, mattings, rugs, linoleums and
oil cloth. Thev are the sole selling agents in Pittsburgh
for the well known and popular Buffalo wool blankets,
flannels, varus, etc.; also of the entire output of the Du-
quesne Woolen Mill—the celebrated Standard shirts,
Arbusco waists, and ladies' ready-to-wear garments.
d'he business of the company is not confined to western
Pennsylvania, but has a
patronage and reputation
within a radius of two hun­
dred and fiftv miles of Pittsburgh.
The business was estab­
lished by Charles Arbuthnot
in the year 1843 at tne corner
of W... ..1 and Diamond
Streets. In the year [854
William T. Shannon was
taken in as a partner, and the
linn became known as Arbuthnot
& Shannon. About [862
John G. Stephenson was admitted
to the firm, which then
became known as Arbuthnot-
Shannon & P.... and remained
as such until iScSj, when on
the withdrawal of AA'illiam
Shannon and the admission of
Joseph G. Lambie the style
was changed to Arbuthnot-
Stephenson & Co. Upon the
ARBUTHNO XS.iX COMPANY
death of Chas. Arbuthnot, Sr..
in [892 a new partnership was
formed by John (). Stephenson,
Sr., J..s. G. Lambie, AA'.
S. Arbuthnot, Chas. Arbuthnot.
Jr., and Abram P. Stephenson.
In the vear 1898
the present corporation known
irger cities throughout as the Arbuthnot-Stephenson Company was organized by
the Pittsburgh district, innumerable stores in the greater the late John G. Stephenson, Sr. A number of the older
city, besides the humbler places in the coal and coke towns
and glass and milling centers, are supplied by Pittsburgh
wholesale houses with everything thev sell at the lowest
trade prices.
Manufacturing of physical and household comforts
is made an extensive side line by the trade. The growth
of the mail-order business and assurances of quick deliveries
give- the Pittsburgh wholesalers almost full sway in
this market. The community at large has learned to rely
upmi their integrity and find no cause for complaint.
employees were taken in as partners, forming one of the
most successful and influential business concerns of the
city. John G. Stephenson. Sr.. was president of the corporation
until his death in June, 1902. Pie was succeeded
by Chas. N. Hanna, who withdrew January 1. 1004, and
was succeeded by \A'. W. Aliller. The business has grown
steadily until to-day it is the leading one in Pittsburgh.
Ihe linn's place of business was on AA'oo.l Street
until 1872. when it was removed t.. J\i)-j2\ Liberty
Street. It remained there until 1891, when its present

T S T O R A' O T S G
large and commodious building at Penn Avenue
Eighth Street was occupied. In Julv, [907, the buil
at 8l 1 Penn Avenue was added.
d'he officers and directors ol the company have-
in the business so long that their experience is a
of the capital stock of the firm. The president, W. w.
Aliller, has been connected with the company since 1 873.
and no one of the management has bad less than tw eillv
years' experience in the business, with the exceptio n ol
the second vice-president, John ('. Stephenson, Jr., who
came into the company in 1902.
anil
ling
been
part
JAMES B. HAINES & SONS—No wholesale
house in Pittsburgh has a
111. ire substantial, ample or
commodious building for
the successful operation ol
business than has the firm
nf fames B. Haines & Sons,
importers and jobbers ol
dry-goods, notions, etc.
Their ten-story building is
situated at the corner of
Tenth and Liberty Streets,
in the very center of the
mercantile section of the
citv, and here may be found
at all times a complete as­
sortment of staple a n d
fancv dry-goods, foreign
and domestic, embracing a
wide range- in the various
departments of textile fab­
rics, and affording an opportunity
for selection
equal to anv market in the
country.
ddie business was established
in 1835 by George
A. Murphy. He was succeeded
by Murphy, Phil.Is
& Co., and thev in turn by
Hampton, Wilson & Co.; AA'ilson. Payne eK: Co.; AA'ilson.
Carr & Co., and Carr, McCandless e\: Co. James I'..
Haines, Sr.. was admitted into the firm .luring the last
named regime. It continue.1 under ibis name until
1872, when the firm name became Haines &
Schreibler, which in three years was change.1 again to
James B. Haines. In 18S1 a new firm was established
under the present name, composed of James B. Haines,
1898. ddiomas H. Hartley, who had been an employee
of the firm since 1864, was taken int.. partnership in
1889, and since that time has been a member of the
firm whose personnel is now James B. Haines, Jr.. and
I.VMl-.S B. HAINES & SOX
Thomas II. Hartley, trading under the- name of James
I >. I laines & Sons.
d'he characteristics exhibited by the founders ..I the'
company seem to have passed with its proprietary in­
terests frmn hand to hand, gaining efficacy at each suc­
cessive transfer, making more prominent the honorable
and enterprising policy for which the house has always
been conspicuous. The late Air. James P. I lames was a
striking illustration of these- attributes, combining in his
personality marked talents as a business man and a high
sense of justice and rectitude.
With such an established reputation it is not a matter
of surprise that the house lias always been a favorite,
appropriating a very largeshare-
of the trade of the city
and affording buyers cer­
Till-: PITTSBURGH
tain advantages, the result
of a lmig connection with
the- most extensive manu­
facturers in the country that
cannot easily be- duplicated
by anv similar concern.
DRA" G( )( >DS COMPANY
-Ihe P itt sbu r gh 1 >ry
Goods Company was established
in [893, and is a
w b< .lesale dry-goods 0 mcern
employing 300 p e r so n s.
and, counting the employees
..f factories, perhaps 200
m. .re. The c a p i t a 1, full
paid, is $000,000; preferred
stock, $300,000, 7 per cent.
cumulative February and
August ; c. mini, in s t 0 c k,
$300,000; [2 per cent, paid
in 1906, 10 per cent, in the
five preceding years; surplus,
$515,233.4] as ..f Jan­
uary 1. [907.
The company's places of business are as follows:
933 L 043 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh; branch offices:
43 Leonard Street. New York; 40 Rue D'Houtville,
Paris, Prance; in Bahnhofstrasse, Barmen, and Geneva.
A large proportion of gross business is done on do­
mestic merchandise, but it also imports large quantities
of laces, linings, hosiery, gloves, toys and notions. I be
Sr., James B. Haines. Jr., George S. Haines. George
buyers of the company are sent to Europe everv year,
and the company has representatives in all the large for­
S. Haines died in 1886, and James P.. Haines, Sr., in eign markets.
This company was organized in [893 by taking over
the whole-sale department of Joseph Home eK: Co., which
was established in the early 50's. The Pittsburgh Dry
Goods Company commenced business at 61O-612 AA 1

,28 S T O R Y O T S II R G H
Street, moved to 933"935 Penn Avenue in [899, thus
doubling its floor area. In 1902 the adjoining building
was secured, adding 50 per cent, more space; again in
190O it secured Nos. 941-943 Penn Avenue, another in­
crease in area, giving it the largest wholesale dry goods
establishment between New York and Chicago.
The company was organize.1 in August, [893, under
the laws of New Jersey, but was reorganized May, i8(jf>,
under the laws of Pennsylvania. The directors ol the
c. impany are: P. 11.
Lloyd, Harry AA'. Neely,
AA'. A. Given. W. P.
Dalzell and J. B. Shea.
Prmn 1893 to [895 A.
P. Burchtield was president.
C. B. Shea vicepresident
and treasurer,
and AA". A. (riven, secretary.
Pn .111 1 902 until
the present time P.
H. Lloyd is president.
H. \A'. Neelv. vice-president,
and W. A. ('liven,
secretary and treasurer.
Their principal business
is a general line
..f dry-goods, notions.
men's and vv 11 111 e n's
wear, carpets, window
shades, blankets, etc.
I'he c< impany has its
. .vv n fact, iries, vv h i c h
manufacture blankets
and woolens, sold all
over the Phiited States
and Europe. It also
makes its own windovv
shades, work shirts and
overalls, aprons, skirts
and ladies' neckwear.
'I'he factories for the
above goods are located
at Latrobe, Pa.
'I'he business, which
was founded by Joseph
Home in the early 50's,
was for many years under the supervision of his two
partners, G. P. Shea and Major A. P. Burchfield.
P. II. Lloyd, president of the firm at present, is a
Princeton man, and has been connected with the company
since its organization in various capacities.
II. W. Neelv. vice-president and general manager,
has been connected with the company since organization,
first as traveling salesman, then department manager and
foreign buyer.
W. A. Given was secretary at the organization of the
THE PITTSBURGH DRY GOODS COMPANY
company, and for the past ten years has been its sec­
retary and treasurer.
Owing to the large number of manufacturing in­
dustries located in and near Pittsburgh, as well as the
coke and coal industries which are in the Pittsburgh dis
t'rict, adding an ever-increasing population to this enterprising
citv, Pittsburgh is especially located and adapted
for conveniently supplying the wants of the retail merchant
to a much greater degree than other cities
The future of the
win ilesale d r y-g o o d s
business is very bright,
as the local merchants
have come to realize
that the}' can secure
their wants here in
P i 11 s b u r g h just as
cheaply as in any other
citv, with the added
advantage of receiving
better service. An upto-date
jobbing house in
Pittsburgh has nothing
to fear from foreign
competition which only
adds s t i m u 1 u s to in­
crease their business.
The freight service
..f the railways entering
Pittsburgh has been the
greatest drawback with
vv h i c h the wholesale
houses have had to contend
; and a 11 h o u g h
there is still mom for
impn ivement, conditii >ns
are growing better, the
wholesale merchants believing
that the railroad
companies are d o i n g
their best to give better
service.
AA'ith its constant
need of communication
and importation from
its b r a n c h establishments
in New York, Paris, Geneva, etc., the question
..f the railway service is of vital importance to the Pittsburgh
Dry Go...Is Company, a delay in a stock of goods
sometimes meaning great financial loss to the company
as the timely appearance of the season's goods is of paramount
importance to up-to-date providers to the retail
h. .uses.
I he condition of the riven surrounding Pittsbur
is always a menace to houses in the wholesale district,
and every ll 1 puts a stop to business, in that the ship

H S () R A' O s i: r r c, 329
ments are delayed both incoming and outgoing. It is to
be Imped that the enterprise of the people of Pittsburgh
will so.m better these conditions.
The Pittsburgh Dry Goods Company has enjoyed a
steady increase ever since organization and see no reason
why it should not continue.
WHOLESALE DRUGS
THE NUMBER OF PITTSBURGH'S BIG WHOLESALE DRUG HOUSES
AMAZES THE OUTSIDER
Pittsburgh's robust workmen and prosperous manu­
facturers probably are as little troubled with sickness as
people of other communities, but this has not prevented
the building up of a thriving drug trade, a business, by
the wav, which has grown to take in more than supplying
the purely physical ills of humanity. The number of big
wholesale drug houses in Pittsburgh,.'in.1 the great volume
of business each does, amazes the average outsider. Pew
seem to realize that where other large cities are surrounded
bv suburbs and long stretches of agricultural
country, Pittsburgh is in the center of and convenient t>.
hundreds of thriving industrial communities all growing
into one another. In a great and thickly settled territory
like this there must be drug stores, and here thev are to
be found by the hundreds. The aggregate business of
these keep railroads busy making shipments, and taxes
Pittsburgh wholesale houses to their capacity.
W. J. GILMORP DRUG COMPANY—One of the
most extensive wholesale drug houses in the State is
that of W. J. Gilmore Drug Company, of Pittsburgh.
which occupies a large building on Seventh Avenue, above
Smithfield Street. This house was established in 1886
under the firm name of AA'. J. Gilmore & Co., which style
was useel until 1904 when the firm was incorporated as
the W. J. Gilmore Drug Company. Air. AA'. J. Gilmore.
who founded the business, is president, G. E. Sicbelstiel
is vice-president, and Samuel Dempster is secretary and
treasurer.
This company does a wholesale drug business, and
that statement simply means that it handles absolutely
everything known to the drug trade. It is not necessary
for a retailer to ask if this house handles such and such
an article. All he has to do is to send in his order and
it will be promptly filled if the article is known to the
drug trade, and the retailer's credit is good. This com­
pany's territory includes western Pennsylvania, eastern
Ohio and West Virginia, a number of commercial travelers
experienced in the drug trade being regularly employed
to call upon the retailers in this section. No mis­
representation is allowed, and much of the company's
vast business comes almost unsolicited on account of its
reputation for square dealing and the high quality of its
goods. The extent of the business done bv this house is
partly shown in the fact that it has a hundred and seventy
employees and is capitalized at $1,000,000, and $750,000
issued.
It is a common assertion among misinformed people
who are very reckless in their statements that all kinds
ol drugs are mere adulterations for which enormous
prices are charged. It would be idle to try to convince
these people otherwise, as there are none so blind as those
who will n,,i see. But there are honest druggists and
honest drugs, and this company deals milv with this kind
of trade- which largely predominates, notwithstanding the
carping critics and chronic grumblers. It recognizes that
it is no longer possible to become an up-to-date twentieth-
century druggist by merely serving an apprenticeship in a
drug store. flic new pure I.....1 and drug laws, which arcbeing
enacted in many of the States, aside from the national
law, make a thorough pharmaceutical education an
absolute necessity. The pharmacist of the future must
be able t.. determine the identity, quality and purity ..I
the drugs and medicines be dispenses, and in order to
be able to do this he must be familiar with analytical
methods, quantitative as well as qualitative. He should
know hovv t.. use a microscope and its accessories. As
public analyst he must be able to examine water, milk.
canned goods, etc.
WHOLESALE PAPER
THE FUTURE OF THE PAPER TRADE SHOWS EVERY INDICATION
OF PROSPERITY
Pittsburgh as a wholesale jobber or manufacturer of
paper has long been a known quantity in industrial affairs,
but there has been a phenomenal growth in the
last few years in one branch of the business. Jobbing in
print paper has increased in four and one-half vears from
a business of $500,000 a year to that of $1,500,000 a
vear. 'I'he market, both in wrapping and print paper,
is a rapidly growing one, with an expanding territory.
Pittsburgh jobbers penetrate as far east as Allentown.
Pa.; west t.. Toledo and Dayton, 0., and smith t.. Winchester,
A a.
ALLING & CORA'—One of the most notable business
triumphs recorded in Pittsburgh in the last few
vears is that achieved bv Messrs. Ailing & Gory, the well
known wh. .lesale paper dealers at Third and Liberty
Avenues.
Ibis flourishing firm is a copartnership with the
parent house in Rochester, N. A .. the individual partners
being Joseph T. Ailing and Harvey P. Cory, ddie business
was established in Rochester, N. A"., in 1S19, so
that the firm has an honorable business career of nearly a
century 1.1 its credit.
A branch bouse was established at Buffalo, N. A'., in
1900, and another in Pittsburgh in [963. It handles
wholesale everything in printers' papers and certain
grades of wrapping papers. It has a capital investment

330 T I I I- ( ) Y O F U G H
ol nearly Si,000,000 in the three warehouses. Their
sales ..I high-grade papers are- exceeded by only one or
two firms in the United States. Fifteen men are em­
ployed in the warehouse, twelve in the office, and six
salesmen arc on the mad. Offices are maintained at 336
The Arcade. Cleveland, Ohio, and at 45 Buhl Block,
Detroit, Mich.
The territory actively solicited by Ailing & Cory extends
from New Hampshire in the f.ast to western
Michigan in the AA'est, and frmn Ton.nt.., Canada, to
Winchester. A'a. Some foreign business is .lone, regular
shipments being made to such distant points as Burmah,
India.
In February, 1000, Ailing X: Gory, of Rochester,
N. A"., opened an office at 809 Park Building, and in
July. 1003. purchased the stock of the Pittsburgh Paper
e\: Cordage Co. During the four vears since then the
business has shown an increase of frmn 40 to 50 per
cent, each year. In April. 10.14. they moved into the
large and commodious quarters which thev now occupy
in the Follansbee Building, bounded by Third Avenue.
Liberty Avenue, Short Street and Second Avenue, with a
floor space of 10,000 feet mi each floor, even this lloor
space proving insufficient, considerable stock being carried
in the Duquesne storage warehouse.
They sell everything in paper needed bv the printer
and publisher: News, book papers, card boards, envelopes,
wedding stationery, flat writings, bonds, linens,
ledgers, parchment and toilet papers.
The head of the firm, Mr. Jos. T. Ailing, is very
prominent in political reform work in New York State,
and has done a great deal in making the public schools
ol Rochester unique, and absolutely outside of political
interference.
Mr. Harvey E. Cory, the junior member of the firm,
is known in the paper trade as one of the best-equipped
paper men in the business, a close buyer and an equally
good judge ..I quality and market conditions.
'I'he- manager of the Pittsburgh branch, Mr. Arthur
Hall Smith, has been in the paper business since 1881
and is thoroughly equipped for the work. His personality
and efforts, aided by an efficient corps of assistants,
and the solid reputation of the firm, have been responsible
for the rapid growth of the local house.
It has been wisely said, "ddie Chamber of Commerce
has a great work cut out for it if it follows out the pattern
so ably set by the late Merchants' & .Alanufacturers'
Association. Other cities have fostered this idea until it
has borne abundant fruit. Why should not we?"
JOSEPH P. McCAUGHTRY—Thoroughly learning
the paper and paper brokerage business during the
early years of his life as an employee of large paper and
paper brokerage bouses in this and other cities, Joseph
F. McCaughtry bears the reputation and distinction of
standing as one of the leading lights in this business, as
well as an expert authority mi all matters pertaining, not
milv to the dealing in and selling of paper in all fit its
manv forms, but in its manufacture as well, he having
had most valuable experience in the factories of sev­
eral of the largest paper manufacturers of the country.
This knowledge and information has proven invaluable
to him in bis later life, and particularly since he em­
barked in business for himself.
Seeing far greater opportunities by engaging in business
for himself than in toiling along in the employ of
others, he accordingly severed his connection with his
employers a score of years ago. and decided upon the
former course, securing a location in one of the large
business .structures that was then located 011 Fifth Ave­
nue, between AA' 1 and Smithfield Streets. He was
successful fmni the beginning in his new undertaking
and built up a large business, handling the lines of several
of his old employers in the Pittsburgh territory.
d'he growth of his business proved however after a
few years that he needed larger quarters, and he accordingly
moved to the Lewis Block on Smithfield Street,
where he has since been located. His business has grown
f.. such an extent that he now has customers in practically
all of the several hundred cities and towns throughout
western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio and AVest Virginia,
and is one of the largest of its kind in this part
of the country.
WHOLESALE BOOTS AND SHOES
A RAPIDLY GROWING INDUSTRY THAT IS NOW RUNNING INTO
MILLIONS OF DOLLARS
Shoeing a populace like that in the Pittsburgh district
involves an annual investment in leather goods running
int.. millions of dollars, and this undertaking is
among the few in which Pittsburgh relies almost entirely
upon outside workmanship to supply its needs. But it
has taken the aid of the Pittsburgh jobber, knowing the
needs of his market, combined with the best material
and workmanship procurable in the shoemaking centers.
to furnish the right article in shoe wear, 'flic wholesale
shoe trade in Pittsburgh has grown as though equipped
by smne master shoemaker with seven-leagued boots.
LAIRD & TAYLOR CO.—Incorporated under the
laws of Pennsylvania providing for such business organizations,
the Laird e\: Taylor Co. has been doing a
successful wholesale boot and shoe business since 1895.
ddie house is conveniently located at Nos. 133 and 135
Seventh Street in the down-town business district and is
easily accessible for its numerous out-of-town customers.
The Laird & Taylor Co. is controlled by Richard
Laird, President; George F. Taylor, Adce-President;
Charles S. Newell. Treasurer, and Joseph F. Schneider,
Secretary; these officials .also constituting the Board of
Directors. They are all well known business men. thor-

T H E S R Y s p. u r

T 11 E S T O R Y () S u G
rectors of the company are II. II. Voskamp, John R.
Voskamp, Charles AA'. Voskamp, II. A. Voskamp and
A. II. Schewe. Ihe company is capitalized at $250,000.
Pecause the margin of profit accruing frmn the wholesale
handling of staple groceries is reputed t be so small,
and because of the keenness of competition, it happens
that whether or not a wholesale grocer can successfully
continue in business depends largely, if not entirely, up. .11
the extent, facility and rapidity with which he can distribute
g Is. The present arrangements of the ship­
ping department of B. II. Voskamp's Sons not milv expedite-
delivery, but reduce- the cost of handling goods
t.. a minimum. I'he company has, as it were, all the facilities
ol the Pennsylvania Railmad at its back door. The
ability of P. II. Voskamp's Sons to meet competition is
best shown by the record made in the past forty-four
vears. The ..1.1 house, with its established trade and
undoubted stability, is in better shape than ever before.
Among the widely advertised specials which are
largely distributed by I'.. II. Voskamp's Sons are "Salada
lea" and "Yando Macaroni."
WHOLESALE TEAS
THE STEEL CITY GROWING INTO ONE OF THE NATION'S BIGGEST
TEA MARKETS
Introduction of the Chinese restaurant in Pittsburgh
has been a big aid in spreading a fondness here for the
solace ..f the Englishman—tea. Nevertheless, tea drinking
preceded the oriental brethren in Pittsburgh by
many vears and is ever}' day becoming a more common
drink in the homes of Pittsburghers. The native is particular
about his tea. and his taste is carefully catered t...
Importers of teas for the local jobbing trade declare the
world's workshop is rapidly growing int.. .me of the
nation's biggest tea markets.
THE YOUNG, MAHOOD COMPANY—A business
house, the name of which for nearly three decades
has been synonymous with Pittsburgh's commercial enterprise,
is that ..f the A'oung. Mahood Company, 1020
Penn Avenue, well known in the local jobbing district and
t.. grocers generally in western Pennsylvania, AA'est A irginia
and eastern Ohio. About a dozen experienced salesmen
..r commercial travelers constantly keep this territory
covered for the house thev represent, and. singularly
enough, thev don't call themselves "drummers." This is
because their trade is established and requires little or no
drumming, as the g Is speak for themselves. They
merely go around at stated periods calling upon the trade
and taking orders without anv great efforts or solicitation.
This business was established in [879 by Samuel
A'oung as an individual. In [883 Air. A'oung formed a
partnership with Samuel Mahood and IP P.. Alah 1.
which continued until January, 1907, when the firm was
incorporated as the A'oung, Mahood Company, of which
Samuel A'oung is president. William J. Mahood vice-
president, and J. Paul Cameron, Jr., secretary and treas­
urer.
The empanv does an extensive importing and jobbing
trade in tea and coffee, having buyers in Calcutta,
Shanghai and Japan, selecting teas with the greatest care.
A "square deal" for every mie is its motto.
This old hmise needs no herald to proclaim its high
standing in the Pittsburgh jobbing trade, where it has
practically become a landmark and its name a synonym
for everything that is excellent in business methods and
management.
PRODUCE AND COMMISSION
PITTSBURGH GETS ITS FARM PRODUCTS ALMOST AS FRESH AS
THE FARMER
Being an industrial center, Pittsburgh could 11.it also
be an agricultural center; therefore, to give the people
of Pittsburgh the latest products of the farm promptly,
one ..f two things had t.. be done: Pittsburgh would
have to go t the farms, or the farms would need be
bo .light to Pittsburgh. The latter has been done as
near as possible by local wholesale produce and commission
merchants, for in m. other citv have facilities for
swift handling and shipping of produce been reduced to
such a fine point. At the Perry Street Markets, the
Wabash Railmad drops farm products into one end of
the commission men's stalls, while thev are being sold at
the- other. Similar methods are employed at Twentysecond
Street. Great sums have been spent for the most
modern systems of refrigeration, with the result that the
Pittsburgher gets his farm products almost as quickly
and as fresh as the farmer.
TUP. Ah O. COGGINS COMPANY—The M. O.
Coggins Company is a distributor of fruits and produce
of all descriptions, handling all the products of farm,
garden and apiary. It has a capital stock of $50,000
It has two houses in Pittsburgh, one at 113 Ferry Street,
and the other at 217 Twenty-first Street. The former
bmise is the finest equipped building in this line of business
in the country, being furnished with every convenience,
refrigerating plant, etc. The latter house is
;ilso a well-equipped building, its location in the up-town
district is a main entrance to the Pennsylvania Pine's
Produce A'ards. d'he company also has headquarters in
the yards with a full corps of salesmen, etc., who handle
the heavy jobbing business from cars; in fact this is one
of the main features of the business. Offices arc maintained
in both California and Colorado fields fully
equipped with salesmen, bookkeepers, etc.
I be business was established in 1899 when there were
no such possibilities of transacting the heavy business of
to-day, and when a yearly business of $100,000 was con-

s () R A' O ' I s R G
sidered a very large one. During the past ten years this
market as an outlet for heavy shipments of all kinds of
fruits and produce has shown wonderful improvement,
holding its own with the rapid strides made in other lines
of business.
The M. 0. Coggins Company was the first firm
east of the Mississippi River to handle car lots of Rocky-
ford Colorado cantaloupes. This was in [897, when a
car lot of cantaloupes was considered a rarity. The
firm has been handling them ever since that date, being
the largest handlers and distributors of this commodity
in the United States. It was also the first firm to handle
southern radishes in solid car lots in the city, and pioneers
in introducing car lots of perishable fruits and vegetables
from extreme southern and southwestern States. By
employing up-to-date methods in the different producing
fields in handling vast acreages of fruits, vegetables,
etc., and distributing them on ever}- principal market frmn
Maine to California, this firm has become acknowledged
experts in its line and does a yearly business that is con­
sidered one of the very heaviest among the firms devoted
to the same line of business in the country. It makes a
specialty of having the delicacies of the farm and garden
at times when they are considered luxuries, giving its customers
strawberries, cucumbers, beans, tomatoes, etc.
The company was founded by the late AI. (.). Coggins,
who was a native of Baltimore, Aid., be having
followed the commission business from boyh 1 in that
city.
C. A. Coggins, brother of the deceased, is president
at the present time. He first became identified with the
company in 1897, and has been actively associated with
the concern since that time.
R. B. Shore, the treasurer of the company, also be­
came associated with the company 111 [897 and has been
actively engaged as sales manager since that time, having
formerly been connected with other large commission
firms of this citv.
CONNOLLA'-PANNTNG COMPANY—In the ten
years of its existence as a firm, the Connolly-1- aiming
Company has placed itself at the head of the fruit markets
in Pittsburgh. Its admirable policy of handling .ml}
of a large part of the country.
It is a receiver and shipper of California, Florida and
foreign fruits, representing the California Fruit Distributors
of Sacramento, Cal.; Moulton & Greene, of
Riverside, Cal.; F. IP Speich e\: Co., of Riverside, Cal.;
the Pioneer Fruit Company, of Re.Hands. Cal.; the Redlands
Golden Orange Association, of Re.Hands, Cal.; the
Spence Fruit Company, of Los Angeles. Cal.: R. II.
Shoemaker, Jr., of Los Angeles, Cal.; the Ely-Gilmore
Fruit Company, of P.is Angeles. Cal.; the- Strachan Fruit
Company, of Riverside, Cal.; the ('. P.. Thurston ('oni­
panv. of Baltimore, New York and Philadelphia.
In addition to its business already mentioned, it
handles California and Florida celery in large quantities;
also ( olorado, Idaho and northwestern fruits. Its shipment
of prunes frmn Idaho alone reached [20,000 crates
in [906, besides 35,000 boxes ..f ('olorado peaches. It
owns half the stock in the Union Fruit Auction Company,
ol which company Air. Panning is secretary and manager,
and Air. Connolly is auctioneer and vice-president.
The Union Fruit Auction Company are sellers through
their local agents for the California Fruit Growers Exchange
of Pos Angeles. Cal., A. P. Young & Co., Anthony
Schaub, ( rutcblielil & Woolfolk, and others. The- California
Fruit Growers Exchange ships fifty-five per cent.
..I the citrus fruits and are among the leading shippers
ol deciduous fruits.
Ihe fruit trade of Pittsburgh is assuming enormous
proportions, den years ago two bun.Ire.1 cars of California
oranges were considered heavy supplies. The seasi
.11 lasted only six months: now we have California
oranges .all the year round. In 1004 over 1.200 cars were
sold here. With short crops in California the last two
years, the receipts have declined, but thev total nearly a
thousand cars for the year [906, and will reach a similar
amount this year. In proportion t.. the shortness of thecrop
the receipts have n..t declined. The Connolly-Fanning
Company and its associates handle eighty-five to
ninety-five per cent, of the total. In California deciduous
fruits receipts have varied according to the crops frmn
22^, to 400 cars per annum in the past live vears. Of
this quantity ninety-five t.. ninety-nine per cent, are
ban.lied by this company and its associates. The banana
business flourishes all the year. Pittsburgh, for its size
and population, is about the biggest market in the world.
over 3.000 cars being distributed. Of this aggregation
the- Connolly-Fanning Company market 400 to Poo cars
annually.
Ihe Connolly-Fanning Company is among the leading
importers of Mediterranean fruits in the country,
and. as is usual with them, have made a success of the
first-class products, and the square, honest business ethics business. With their domestic and foreign business they
of its directors are the factors in its successful career. probably rank as the leading fruit house in the United
Its business is so extensive as to require the services of States.
seventy-seven men continually, while its connection with One of the nmst noted, perhaps the most celebrated.
all the leading shippers in its line has won for it the trade ..f all legal fights that have occurred in the fruit business
was between the Connolly-Panning Company and the
Zito-Maniscalo Company of Palermo, Sicily, .luring the
summer and fall of 1906. The Zito-Maniscalo Company
failed to live up to their contract mi [03,000 boxes of
lemons. The Connolly-Fanning Company attached all
shipments, and, finally, after most extraordinary proceedings,
won out. American houses as a rule have al­
ways submitted t.. abuses, and the Connolly-Fanning

u S T 0 R Y O F s U R G PI
Company stand out as the first and only concern that
fought for their rights and obtained justice.
ddie company is located in the Pennsylvania Railmad
Produce Building, Twenty-first Street. Pittsburgh, with
representatives in all the leading markets. Thev also
have a jobbing house in the course of construction at OO-
62 Twenty-first Street, corner of Mulberry Avenue,
which is concede.1 to be the best location in Pittsburgh
for this class of business. The building will be five
stories high, with 15,000 square feet ..f floor space. (>ne
entire floor will be devoted to cold storage. It will cost
$100,000 and will be the model commission house in the
city.
Air. Hugh Connolly, the president of the company,
was born in Liverpool, England, forty-three years ago.
He is recognized everywhere as a man of great capacity
and a most successful operator. By several competent
judges he is considered the best fruit auctioneer in the
world. He owns considerable property in the citv. His
chief amusement is automobiling. in which he gains both
health and pleasure. He is also considered a judge of
baseball. Air. Connolly's father, of L. Connolly & Co.,
Liverpool, England, has been engaged in the same class
of business for more than fifty vears, Air. Hugh Con­
nolly getting his early training with him.
Air. Rimes AI. Panning, the firm's secretary and treasurer,
was born in Cleveland. Ohio, in 1861. Since the
age of fifteen he has been in the fruit and produce business,
and there is nothing concerning the business that heis
not thoroughly conversant with. I lis judgment in all
matters is phenomenally correct. Blessed with a charitable
and fair-minded disposition, he is deservedly popular
with all classes. He is vice-president of the Central
Trust Company. He owns property in Pittsburgh and
Cleveland worth fully $200,000. and with his other ownings
he is worth $500,000. He enjoys good fast horses
and knows how to handle them.
CRUTCHFIELD & WOOLFOLK—In less than
ten years the Pittsburgh house of Crutchfield & AA'...>1f.
ilk. Twenty-first Street and Penn Avenue, by the
"square-deal" policy has grown and waxed strong,
and is to-day in the front ranks of fruit and produce
commission merchants in this country. Its business covers
car-load importations of bananas from Central America,
oranges from Jamaica, vegetables and pineapples
fmm Cuba. Mexico and Bermuda, and figs, dates,
Almeria grapes and other lines from European countries.
Pears, peaches and plums frmn Cape Town, South
Africa, were also handled last season, the fruit being of
peculiarly luscious quality.
The firm is the sole Pittsburgh agent for the celebrated
Atwood grape-fruit, and makes a specialty of all
citrus fruits. It is the exclusive representative in this
citv of numerous large shipping associations in Florida,
California, (.'olorado, Tennessee and New York, ddie
records of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company show
that for a number of years this corporation has been the
heaviest receiver of peaches in this market, and during
the past two years its receipts of this fruit each day have-
averaged fully one-third of the total quantity consigned
to Pittsburgh.
R. h. Woolfolk and J. S. Crutchfield, the members
..f this firm, bv close application to business and the
ability to foresee market changes, have become accurate
calculators of the law of supply and demand, making of
their business a success at mice profitable to themselves
and of value to the consumers. They have an associatehouse
in Chicago, trading under the name of Crutchfield.
Woolfolk e\: Gibson.
IRON CITY PRODUCE COMPANY—Pittsburgh,
with its enormous manufacturing and business concerns,
must necessarily rely upon other sections for its raw
material and food supply. This dependence has madepossible
and necessary huge interests in the trade of such
commodities, the demand for which is augmented every
year. One of the largest concerns in the food supply
business is the Imn City Produce Company, wholesale
dealers in fruits, produce, poultry and eggs, owned and
managed bv Charles A. Aluehlbr. inner. This firm, not
only because of its size and the comprehensiveness of its
business lines, but mi account of its reliability anel strictly
up-to-date methods employed, appropriates a very large
proportion of the urban patronage of its trade. It aims
to give its customers satisfaction at every point, and to
the direct and personal management by the owner the
success of the company mav be traced. Mr. Aluehlbr..nner
has been engaged in this business all his life, and
there is practically nothing connected with the trade in
which he is not past master. Always mi the alert for
opportunity in buying, bis purchasers reap the benefits to
be derived frmn an intense business manipulator, anel
these benefits are in turn shared by the firm in increased
and ever-growing popularity and degree of trade acquired.
The In>n Citv Produce Company was established
January 1. [890. Its trade has increased so rapidly that
a total f twenty-five persons are employed to operate
the business. Its salesmen, warehousemen, bookkeepers,
etc.. are kept busy handling the traffic of the company.
There are three permanent store salesmen beside the
yard salesmen who sell direct frmn the cars. The receipts
per annum amount to $600,000 frmn an employed capital
..f $50,000. And all this trade is domestic, mostly
local, there being no foreign department in the business.
'I'he main store and offices are at 201 Ferry Street. Pittsburgh,
with a branch store and office at 1 700 Penn Avenue.
Charles A. Muehlbronner was born in the citv of
Philadelphia May 10. [856, was educated in the public
schools of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, and has been ac-

H S () Y () P I T S U R G II
tively engaged in the fruit and produce business all his
life. The first political office held by him was that of tax
collector in the Seventh Ward of Allegheny, in which
capacity he served for two years. He was elected to the
common council, and held both the office of councilman
and school director for three years; was subsequently
elected a member of select council for the term of four
years, resigning after having serve.1 two years of the
term to take a seat in the House of Representatives to
which he was elected in [890. lie served as a member
of that body (luring the sessions of [891, [893, [895
and iK.;-, and in [898 was elected to the Senate.
ITAFO-A.AIFRICAN PRODUCE COMPANY—
ddie Italo-American Produce Company does a flourishing
business at 1736 Penn Avenue. Pittsburgh, as a result
of twenty years' experience and a close attention to
the wants of the thousands
of natives of sunny Italy,
who now make their homes
in Pittsburgh and vicinity.
The company are dealers
and i 111 porters of pure
Lucca olive oil, Parmesan
cheese and other Italian
delicacies, and also exten­
sive dealers in fruits and
produce.
Pasquale Bertmii is at
the head of this company
and has recently made an
extended trip to Europe, es­
pecially to Italy, where hestudies
all the conditions pertaining t>. the trade and
directed his agents as to imports which his com­
pany will desire from time to time to please and
gratify the growing demand for Italian goods among
his patrons, many of whom want and will have nothing
but the best. They have prospered here and are able to
buy the best and know that the Italo-American Produce
Company is able to supply their wants. Both Air. Bertoni
and Air. Fugassi are experts in the business and takeevident
pleasure in pleasing their patrons not only as to
prices, but as to the purity and other essential qualities
of their importations.
This company respectfully solicits 11.it milv the patronage
of the Italo-American residents of Greater Pittsburgh,
but a share of the trade in its line of the general
public, ddie members of the firm are confident of their
ability to please all upon a fair trial.
POWERS & HENRY CO
TALKING MACHINES
A STRONG AND GROWING DEMAND FOR THESE MACHINES IN
BUSINESS HOUSES
Sales indicate the talking machine has come to Stay
in Pittsburgh. Whether it is the newest sensation in the
way of New York grand opera tenors, a Sousa band
selection or what not. Pittsburgh dealers secure it as soon
as the record is made, d'he wholesale trade in this line
is steadily increasing. A feature is the grow ing demand
l..r talking machines in business bouses, where letters
are dictated int.. them and turned over to stenographers
lor transcribing, d'he wonderful popularity of the nickelodeon,
offering the public the widest range of music for
a penny a selection, is doing its share in increasing the
de-man.1 and now frmn the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean
enjoys general popularity.
POWERS & HENRY
CO.—The Powers & Henry
Co. of Pittsburgh has the
distinction of having one of
the- two most handsome and
convenient talking-machine
stores in the country. Not
milv is this store the finest,
but the Powers & Henry
business is recognized as one
of the largest of its kind in
America, and absolutely the
1 a r g est in Pennsylvania.
din's company handles Edi­
son phonographs and Victor
talking-machines for the
trade in western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio and AA'est
Virginia, and deals in all talking-machine sundries.
To W. P. Henry is due the foresight to establish
such a business. His success in the held tor others made
him decide to open mi his own account, the wisdom of
which decision is manifest in his company's trade, which
aggregates more than $300,000 annually. After traveling
f..r the Columbia Phonograph Company, Air. Henry
became manager of the Columbia store in Pittsburgh in
1900. In September, 1905. be left that employ, associating
with himself P. A. Powers, win. has been a leader
in this business in Buffalo and Rochester. N. A'., several
vears: \A'. AI. Wood, manager of the P'nited States
Life Insurance Company in Pittsburgh, and R. C. Wilson,
manager of the Bijou Theater.
The company has fine headquarters at 101 Sixth
Street, Pittsburgh.

fe^»
:

s () R Y 0 F I T S P> IT R .-).-)/
A little green cucumber, mi which is emblazoned
PRESERVES
"Heinz," is the insignia of a great American enterprise
THE LARGEST PRESERVE FACTORY IN THE WORLD IS LOCATED
that distributes its products practically throughout every
IN PITTSBURGH
region inhabited bv civilized man. That trade-mark is
Wherever a Pittsburgher goes, it has been said, liealways
a guarantee of wholesomeness and purity.
can see something made in Pittsburgh. Par-oil Cairo,
Egypt, looks like a great showroom for Pittsburgh prod­
ucts. Bridges spanning the Nile there were made in Pitts­
burgh, steel for structures originated in the Smoky City,
buildings are made sanitary there by Pittsburgh skill,
while transportation is by cars made, equipped and propelled
by Steel City genius. And the first thing a stranger
encounters upon the hotel dining table or in the stores
are Pittsburgh pickles
and preserves.
T h e preserve a n d
pickle-making industry
js centered in Pittsburgh,
and no other locality
makes serious effort to
dislodge us. d'he volume-
. if product ion
reaches, in money value,
$10,000,000 a vear and
gives employment to
4,000 Pittsburghers un­
der healthy and sanitary
factory conditions that
have no superior anywhere.
In making preserves
and pickles the sensibilities
of the eater are respected
to the tiniest detail,
d'he largest preserve
facto r v in the
world, located mi the
North Side, is an example
for factory lawmakers
all over t b e
country. It is airy and
absolutely sanitary. The
e m p l.o y e e s obey the
strictest laws of cleanliness while at work'. At the
expense of the company the employees are- offered
physical and mental relaxation mi a most generous scale.
for the factory includes reading rooms, exercise moms
and medical attendance for employees, besides innumerable
other things to make the work congenial and the
factory a place the employee comes to joyfully and leaves
regretting.
H. J. HEINZ COMPANY—If, as Brillat-Savarin
has said, "The disci .very of a new dish does more for
the happiness of man than the discovery of a new star,
hovv far a benefactor is the originator of "^J varieties ?
Measured either bv dollars or sense, food products
are the most valuable of all manufactures. In the
United States the aggregate value of such food products
as may be classified as manufactures exceeds $2,900,-
000,000 annuallv. Ace irding t< 1 the rep. .its of the ('ensus
Bureau, published in 1007 in this country, the capital invested
m the manufacture >.i pickles, preserves and
sauces amounts to about $20,000,000. Of the entire
amount thus invested in
HEINZ
the United States, onefifth
($4,000,000) is the
C a p i t a 1 of the II. J.
Heinz C o m p a 11 y ..t
Pittsburgh. Neither in
America nor abroad is
there another company
engaged in the manufacture
of pickles, preserves,
condiments and
sauces that has a larger
business or a better rep­
utation.
d'he history of this
most productive enterprise
begins in [869,
with I lenrv ]< .lin 1 leinz
in a vegetable garden at
Sharpsburg. At the outset
the business, which
was carried mi inconspicuously,
was confined
entirely to the bottling
. if horseradish. Put one
thing suggests another.
By [872 the increased
proportions of the undertaking
justified the
opening of a business
house mi Second Avenue in Pittsburgh. Then followed a
period of steady, uninterrupted growth. The quarters on
Secnd Avenue, though frequently enlarged, in [890 were
obviously inadequate. Transferred to the present location
011 the North Side, the rapidly updiuililing business re­
quired constantly more and more room. To-day, in
twenty-three large brick buildings, each of which in con­
struction, equipment and facilities embodies the best features
..f the most approved of modern factories mi over
twenty acres of floor space, is carried on—a portion of
what the company is doing. In addition to the general
offices and main plant mi the North Side, Pittsburgh,
the company has other large factories at Port Norfolk,

CHICAGO BRANCH HOUSE
MAIN PLANT, PITTSBURGH, PA.
FACTORY, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.
NEW YORK BRANCH HOUSE
ROTUNDA, NEW ADMINISTRATION BLDG.
H. J. HEINZ COMPANY, PITTSBURGH, PA.
NEW ADMINISTRATION BUILDING
BRANCH FACTORY, HOLLAND, MICH.
LONDON BRANCH HOUSE

S T ( ) Y () I S P R G I 339
Virginia; at Hicksville, Hilton and Medina, New York;
at Holland, Holly, Grand Rapids and Saginaw. Michi­
gan; at Muscatine, Iowa; at Burlington, Canada; at Se­
ville, Spain, and at London, England. Besides these
branch factories the II. J. Heinz Company has (>j vege­
table and salting stations in the United States and
Canada.
The company's branch distributing houses, wholesale
establishments where immense stocks are kept, are vari­
ously located as follows: New York, Boston, Baltimore,
Philadelphia, Scranton, Buffalo, Jersey City, Newark,
Brooklyn, Albany, Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati,
Louisville, Nashville, Chattanooga, Atlanta, St. Louis,
New Orleans, Chicago, Indianapolis, Milwaukee, St.
Paul, Kansas City, Omaha, San Francisco, London,
Liverpool, Glasgow.
Heinz goods are sold in everv city, town and village
in the United States. Travelers for the II. J. Heinz
Company regularly tour Australia, Smith Africa. New
Zealand, China, Japan, the Philippines, India and Egypt.
From the London branch are supplied nearly every
country in Europe.
No amount of energy, persistence or ingenuity, no
methods however good, no executive ability however
great, not the strongest appeals for custom nor the most
lavish expenditures for advertising could succeed in
building up such a trade if the food products sold were
not invariably the very best. Pong before the pure f 1
laws of the United States were effective, the lleinz goods
were recognized everywhere as the standard of excellence.
Direct from the garden, the berry patch, the
orchard and the olive grove the H. J. Heinz Company
secures the best and soundest of vegetables and fruits.
Grown in advantageous locations, gathered under circumstances
that insure only the selection of the choicest,
the crops from over 30,000 acres annually are prepared
for table use in the company's factories. Accepting only-
absolutely pure and sound materials, never in any way
using artificial preservatives, coloring matter, adulterants
or substituted ingredients, employing none but the most
improved methods, insisting on scrupulous cleanliness in
every detail, the company is in a position to, and does.
without reservation, guarantee not only the purity, but
the wholesomeness and honesty in every respect of its
products, ddie fact that it voluntarily offers, and long-
has conspicuously advertised its willingness to refund the
full purchase price if its goods were unsatisfactory, is
evidence not alone of the company's sincerity, but of the
confidence entertained in the quality of the product.
ddie company was first a partnership under the style
of Heinz. Noble & Co. In 1875 it became F. e\: J. I leinz.
Thirteen years afterward it changed to the IP J. Heinz
Company. The business continued under partnership
ownership and management until March 1. 1005, when
it was incorporated, the partners taking the stock.
The officers of the company are IP J. I leinz. Presi­
dent; I Inward lleinz, First Vice-President; Sebastian
Mueller, Second Vice-President, and A\". IP Robinson.
Treasurer.
II. J. lleinz, founder and president of the company,
has been the prime mover of the organization during its
entire existence. Aside from his connection with the
great corporation that bears his name, II. J. lleinz is
prominently identified with other important interests in
Pittsburgh. He is the president of the Central Accident
Insurance Company, the Aspinvvall hand Company, and
the Winmia Interurban Railway Company, a director in
the Union National Rank and of the Western Insurance.
In civic, charitable and religious affairs II. J. lleinz
unostentatiously but to a great extent lends bis assist­
ance. A director of the Chamber of Commerce, vicepresident
of the Western Pennsylvania Exposition Society,
a member of the boards of several hospitals and
educational institutions, president of the State Sunday
School Association, and belonging to the Duquesne and
Pinion Clubs, be has been rightly designated as one of
Pittsburgh's most respected and useful citizens. A man
who has traveled extensively, mie possessed of a great
fund >.f information, public-spirited, broad-minded, he is
actively interested in everything that will promote the
general betterment of Pittsburgh.
Howard Heinz, the First Vice-President, is IP J.
Heinz's son. He graduated from A'ale with an A.IP
degree in 1900. On leaving college he entered immediately
on bis business career. Pike his father he is
deeply interested in educational and religious work. Of
the University of Western Pennsylvania, of Mount
Hermon College, and of the Moody Bible Institute he
is now a trustee. Settlement work with him also has
been the subject of considerable study and effort, inasmuch
as he conducted the Covode House for six years.
I'he clubs to which Howard Heinz belongs are Du­
quesne, Country and University of Pittsburgh, and the
A'ale Club in New York. In [906 he was married to
Aliss Elizabeth Rust, of Saginaw, Michigan.
Pmni the- office of Quartermaster in the German
army in F884, Sebastian Mueller, the Secnd A'ice-President,
came to America. Locating in Pittsburgh he has
been associated with the lleinz Company for the past
twenty-two vears. During the greater part of that timehe
has most satisfactorily discharged the various duties
appertaining fi. the active superintendencv of the manufacturing
department.
After having been engaged for two vears in the lumber
business, AAr. H. Robinson, who was born in Chester
Cmintv, Pennsylvania, came to Pittsburgh in 18X4. Im­
mediately after his arrival here he entered the employ
of the Heinz's; in [884 be was made a partner in the
enterprise; when the company was incorporated he was
elected Treasurer.
Besides being Treasurer of the Heinz Company, AA".
H. Robinson is a director of the Real Estate Trust Com-

THE BOTTLING DEPARTMEN1
A CORNER IN THE RECREATION ROOM
HEINZ OCEAN PIER, ATLANTIC CITY
THE ROOF GARDEN
THE GIRLS' DINING ROOM
THE AUDITORIUM
II. J. HEINZ COMPANY, PITTSBURGH, PA.

H S ( ) R Y ( ) I T T S r r c !4'
pany and of the Central .Accident Insurance Company.
His clubs are the Duquesne, Union and Oakmont. In
1896 he was married to Aliss Jane Armstrong, the
daughter of Thomas M. Armstrong
On the pay-rolls of the II. J. Heinz Company usually
are about 4,000 employees.
MACARONI MANUFACTURERS
ians eat the most of
this product, but by
no means all. Pittsburghers
are great
users of macaroni,
and it is a regular
commodity on the
hotel and home dining
table.
THE UNITED
STATES MACA­
RONI FACTOR A'
—Emilia Bisi is executrix
of the Ernesto
Bisi estate,
which includes the
United States Macaroni
Factory, o 11 e
of the remarkable business institutions of western Pennsylvania.
The plant at Carnegie contains machinery worth
$50,000, and employs 150 workmen, who live near the
factory and practically form a village of their own.
The great factory and business has been built up by Air.
Bisi in a comparatively short period of time and places
him in the foremost rank of the self-made men of
America.
Ernesto Bisi came to the United States about 2(>
wars ago. IR- vva^ then 111 the twenty-second year of
his age. He was born and raised in the- north of Italy,
in the province f P..111bar.lv. near Milan, a region which
has given to America a majority of its prominent citizens
of Italian birth.
ATr. Bisi started a retail grocery and macaroni factory
in Pittsburgh in 1886, locating in Diamond Square.
He handled choice imported goods and gradually built
up a large business. He lost nearly all of his property
mice by fire, but started anew. The establishment is now
worth half a million dollars.
In 1896 the great extent of the business compelled
new quarters to be prepared, and a large three-story
brick building was erected near ('arnegie mi the Pan­
handle railmad. about ten miles from Pittsburgh. Here
are made macaroni, vermicelli, spaghetti and a hundred
kinds of similar products which are known throughout
THE FONDNESS FOR MACARONI IS A TRAIT WE OWE TO SUNNY
ITALY
the United States, d'he macaroni made at the Ernesto
Bisi factory lias been pronounced bv experts to be equal
f.. the imported macaroni. It is shipped to all parts of
Immigration's great tide has found a readv home the in United States from San Francisco to New York, as
Pennsylvania and the Pittsburgh district. The Italian well as to Canada, Mexico, Cuba, Porto Rico, and the
has become a great factor in this constantly increasing Philippines and England.
population. With him have come customs of his sunny Resides manufacturing various products they deal in
land, and none of these is more warmly welcome.1 by line imported groceries, such as olive oil, cheese, fine-
Pittsburghers than the Italian's fondness for macaroni. preserves and also in wines, liquors and cordials.
The demand for this delicacy in Pittsburgh keeps one big- I'he firm spends annually $100,000 in importing
factory busy. Ital­
these articles from
UNITED STATES MACARONI FACTORY, CARNEGIE, PA
Italy, S pa i 11 a 11 d
France.
The factory is
150 feet square and
is connected with the
Panhandle by a siding,
and the firm
ships its goods in its
own cars. Besides
the macaroni factory
the linn owns its
own flour mill with
a daily capacity of
joo barrels of flour;
a box factory with
a capacity of 5,000
boxes per day; its
own machine shop
for repairing a n .1
making new appliances, and its own electric plant. Air.
Bisi attributed much of his success to his wife, who is a
fine business woman, conversant with most of the languages
of Europe, and since his death at the head of the
business.
MANUFACTURING CONFECTIONERS
THE PURE FOOD COMMISSION HAD NO REPORT OF ADULTERATION
AGAINST LOCAL CONFECTIONERS
AA'ith dealers, agents, druggists, and others within
the Pittsburgh district recommending and selling the
products of Pittsburgh's confectioners, the city's repu­
tation in this line of business has always been of the
best. The pure food commission had no report of adul­
teration to make of its firms, and this, with the enormous
business done, is accepted proof of their reliability and
efficiency to meet the demands of a community whose

342 II 0 R Y O F T S B U R g H
tastes are discriminately fastidious in candy and confec­
tions, ddie products in this line of business are superior
in both quality and attractiveness, and form the basis of
a business that is a factor in the industry of the city.
REYMER & BROTHERS, INC.—Reymer &
Brothers, Inc., is one of the largest confectionery
houses in the world. It is a corporation with a fully
paid capital of $300,000. ddie business was established
by Philip Reymer and Joshua Rhodes in 1846 at the
corner of Wood and Water Streets, Pittsburgh. In
i860 the firm was changed to Reymer & Anderson, located
on AA'oo.l Street, near Third Avenue. Two years
later Jacob Reymer and H. D. Reymer formed the partnership
with Philip Reymer under the present name of
the firm, Reymer & Brothers. This partnership continued
until 1 goo when the management and ownership
succeeeleel to the present owners, who have been associated
with the Reymers for almost forty vears. The
business has steadily increased in volume, and thev are
now located in one of the finest and best-equipped modern
plants in the PJnited States and are the only manufacturers
of the high-grade chocolates and bonbons in
western Pennsylvania.
I bis firm's confections have a world-wide reputation
both on account of their deliciousness and also because
of their absolute purity. Reymer's is a hall-mark
of all that is best in the candy market, and with this
reputation it is easy to understand why the concern has
had such great and continued success, having a retail
trade which extends through all the principal cities of
Europe and Canada, as well as in all parts of the Pdiited
States. Its wholesale market covers the States of Pennsylvania.
Ohio, A\rest Virginia and Indiana, which is
probably the largest territory covered by any similar concern
in the world.
The factory, offices and wholesale department are
located at Forbes and Pride Streets; the retail stores are
at 243 Fifth Avenue and 6022 Penn Avenue, ddiese
stores are fitted up tastefully, the windows being specially
remarkable for their unique and attractive appearance.
ddie management certainly spare no pains nor expense in
making them the most pleasing of candy shops.
They are also importers of cigars, carrying only the
very best grades of this staple, and therefore catering
to the highest class of trade. Their cigar stores are at
522 Wood Street, at the main entrance of the Frick
Building, and in the Frick Annex.
In former years manufacturers in other large cities
sold the majority of the confectionery used in this citv,
but with the aid of improved machinery the business has
been placed in a position that enables it to supply the
wants and demands with a line of goods not excelled bv
any manufacturer of confectionery in the United States.
The truth of this assertion till lovers of first-class chocolates
will attest.
The officers of the corporation are: John H. Smit­
ley, president; B. Dangerfield, secretary and treasurer;
F. P. Smitley, -vice-president. The directors are: T. II.
Smitley, B. Dangerfield, F. P. Smitley, Harry Dangerfield
anel B. Dangerfield, Jr.
MINERAL WATERS
THE HEALTH OF THE PITTSBURGH DISTRICT WELL SUSTAINED
BY SANITARY MINERAL WATERS
Typhoid fever's frightful destruction of life in this
end of the country—greater than in any other part of
the nation—and the fact that the prevalence of the disease
is accredited to failure by municipal authorities to
provide filtered water, has made Pittsburgh probably the
greatest buyer of drinking water in the world, ddie
Pittsburgher who violates the health authorities' injunction
to "boil y.mr water," usually buys all he drinks by
the bottle. And in no other section of the country, as a
result, has the bottling of drinking water become so
firmly an established industry.
One beneficent result is that the finest grades of mineral
waters in the world are offered to Pittsburghers at
moderate cost. It is not to be wondered, then, that Pittsburghers
have become the most discriminating water
drinkers.
Pittsburghers, however, have discovered that the
lithia and mineral springs within the Pittsburgh district
are not to be sneered at by the famous water-producing
localities elsewhere. The result has been a wide patron­
age for waters having special properties or purity that
are secured within a few miles of home.
AA'ater selling as an industry has assumed great proportions
in Pittsburgh and involves more details than it
ever could be guessed the mere securing of a drink of
pure water could involve. Thousands of stands, topped
with the familiar overturned bottle, must be kept in
working order. Then there is the great industry of bottling
the water, not to mention its handling and distribution.
High rentals must be paid for expensive store
buildings; the salary-mil for employees is an immense
item ..inly secondary to the cost of securing reservations
where water is pure. AA'ithal the product is sold cheaply.
WHANN LITHIA SPRINGS WATER—In these
opening years of the twentieth century there is an admirable
and increasing tendency to go back to Nature,
not to antidote poison with poison, but to keep the human
system in a normal condition by normal means—by pure
food, pure air, and, lastly but emphatically, pure water.
The immense importance of pure water to the system
cannot be overestimated. Three-fourths of the human
body is nothing but water. All the processes of nature
are aided by this mobile element. It supplies the tissues
of the body with nourishment. It dissolves and eliminates
waste.

T H E S () R Y O F I T I! U R G 1 j4j
Man has been known to live for forty days without
food. Fie could scarcely survive forty hours without
water.
In view of the immeasurable importance to the human
system of water, it is almost incredible that three-fifths
of the cities of the United States are dependent for their
supply upon water which is not pure, which on the con­
trary is so polluted and contaminated that the unfortunate
people who are compelled to drink it are subject to that
dread disease typhoid fever.
One nf the chief sufferers from such a lamentable
state of affairs is Pittsburgh. In this great citv typhoid
fever is an omnipresent peril. Periodically it assumes the
proportions of a dreadful epidemic.
For years the public had no recourse but to renovate
their polluted water as well as possible, and then drink
the inferior product. And vet not many miles distant, in
the virgin forests of the Allegheny Mountains, bountiful
nature was pouring forth from her inexhaustible fountains
a precious natural
water of matchless purity
and inestimable medicinal
virtue—the water
now widely known as
the AA' h a n n L i t h i a
AAPater.
The story of how
this waste was checked
and these wonderful
springs harnessed by
man, so to speak, so
that their product could
be brought to the sufferers
of Pittsburgh win.-)
ci mid not go to it, is
narrated on the following
pages. Before that is told it is important, perhaps,
to distinguish between the positive virtues of a natural
water and the doubtful qualities of water that has been
treated to render it fit to drink. Distilled water, at one
time considered admirably suited for drinking purposes,
is now almost universally objected to by physicians, on
the ground that it depletes the blood, and is of doubtful
purity. Dr. IP AA'. Wiley, an eminent authority, speak­
ing on this subject says:
"Distilled water is unwholesome, because, carrying
no mineral or other matter in solution, it immediately
on entrance to the stomach begins to dissolve mineral substances
from the fluids of the body, thus diminishing the
power of osmotic pressure, and to this extent interfering
with the bodily functions."
Filtered water may look clear and pure, but that is
no guarantee that it is safe to drink. Careful scientific
investigation.by bacteriologists, both at home and abroad,
has demonstrated that no filter made will remove disease
germs for more than a few days at most, even though it
deliver beautifully clear water. In manv instances the
filter becomes saturated with the matter it is supposed
to retain and the water as it passes through even becomes
additionally polluted.
Roiled water is acknowledged to be free frmn active
disease-producing germs, but this water is flat and insipid
because it contains no life, and this very fact that all living,
wholesome organisms in it have been killed renders
it the less fit for use.
I be ideal water, as all physicians agree, is a pure
natural water, one which is consumed just as it flows
fmni nature's wells and springs, full of health}- life and
impregnated with medicinal mineral properties. Such a
water is the refreshing and satisfying beverage which is
dispensed to the public by the enterprising AVhann Lithia
Water Company.
More than i ,000 feet above the sea in the Allegheny
Valley at a picturesque spot overlooking the historic city
of Franklin, Pa., the Whann Lithia Springs gush pure
and clear from the rocks
SPRINGS HOUSE
VXIi WHANN LITHIA SPRINGS
into taken at a distance of 3,000 feet)
of the forest-clarl mountains.
For many years
the local inhabitants had
recognized that these
refreshing waters possessed
medicinal finalities,
and their fame
gradually grew until it
became more than local.
It was only a few vears
ago. however, that a
noted physician, having
accidentally h e a r d of
the peculiarly grateful
qualities of these natural
springs, determined to
investigate their merits by means of chemical analysis.
The result was the remarkable discovery that the
Whann Lithia Springs water contained in solution a composition
of minerals in the exact proportions that chemists
had been endeavoring for decades to produce artificially
in imitation of the famous mineral waters of
Europe.
A discovery of such far-reaching importance instantly
interested capitalists to whose attention it was brought.
and the Whann Lithia Springs Company was speedily
organized to purchase the sources of these valuable
waters. Since that time these waters have been put to
every possible test. Chemical analysis has been made in
everv conceivable relation to the changes of season, rainfall,
drouth, even morning, noon and night of the same
dav. ddie results have shown such a uniform finality and
absolute purity at all times as to establish fully the merits
of the Whann Lithia Springs as equal to those of the
most famous medicinal springs of the world.
Some realization of the natural beauty of the sur-

144 T 11 E () () T S B U R G II
INTERIOR VIEW OF SPRINGS HOUSE (WHANN LITHIA SPRINGS)
rounding region and the completeness of the Whann
Lithia Springs plant is conveyed by the accompanying
illustrations, but thev fail to explain the interesting processes
of bottling and shipping these wonderful waters
to the public. The plant is located on the edge of the
beautiful Allegheny River, and comprises a thoroughly
modern laboratory and bottling plant housed in a threestory
building built of native stone and founded on a
base of solid rock.
On the mountain side, 150 feet above, the sparkling
water issues from three fissures in the rock. To insure
absolute protection from dirt, dust and drainage a large
spring house of cement and masonry has been built directly
over them. Solid cement casings have been constructed
amund each of the springs, and pipes convey
the water, which flows at the rate of 14,000 gallons a
day, to the bottling works at the foot of the mountain.
The constant temperature at which this water flows
—it is 50 degrees all the year around—proves that the
source of the water is far below the surface of the earth
and therefore for all time absolutely free from
danger of pollution.
In the bottling works the water is accumulated
in four huge storage tanks, each of which has a
capacity ..f 10,000 gallons. These tanks are scrupulously
clean. They are lined with pure whiteporcelain
throughout, and are protected with a dustpn
i. if c .vering.
Prmn these tanks the water is fed directly to
the bottling machines. Throughout the works the
distribution is effected by means of block tin pipes.
which is an assurance that the water is bottled in its
immaculate purity and preserves its natural life and
sparkle.
Having been thus religiously protected from all
contamination, the water is fed int.. bottles, which
in turn have also been cleansed as perfectly as care
and scientific skill can. The system of washing
and sterilizing these bottles is one of the most in­
teresting features of the works. Although the lithia
springs water is so absolutely pure that no sediment
is ever deposited in a bottle, no matter how long it
stands, provided of course it is kept air-tight, the
empty bottles are liable to become contaminated in
transit. Hence when they are received, they are
first placed in an immense iron crate, which, moving
at a regular but exceedingly slow rate, dips them
int.. two baths of strong caustic soda solution kept
at a high temperature.
This process requires 30 minutes. How effective
it is will be appreciated when it is realized that were
the hand exposed to this bath even for a moment
the caustic soda would eat the skin off at once. Such
a soaking, therefore, insures the absolute elimination
. if dirt and germs.
The bottles are then passed through a tank of
clear cold water, next brushed inside and out. and finally
rinsed in clear cold lithia water exactly the same as that
with which they the next moment are filled.
Once filled the bottles are corked at once, then labeled
by an automatic labeling machine, which accurately
places ..11 each one or two labels, as the case may be,
much 111. .re quickly than the human hand can do it, after
which the bottles are delivered to the crating room and
thence shipped to carry refreshment to the thousands of
consumers who have learned to know the worth of
Whann Lithia Water.
As a drinking water Whann Lithia cannot be
equalled, much less surpassed. Its absolute purity, its
sparkle, its entire freedom from odor or sediment, no
matter bow long bottled, and its delightful, refreshing
taste, all combine to make it the queen of all table waters.
Undoubtedly the real test of the merits of an articleis
the volume of its sales, and measured by that standard
the record of Whann Lithia AA'ater is almost phenomenal.
So indisputably superior are its virtues that, although no
BOTTLING PLANT
1 Photo taken at a distance of j,500 feet)

T H E T O R Y ()
5
i; u \< 345
concerted plan of publicity has ever been adopted, the merit and could command a high price for it, the direc-
sales of this water have increased in the following man­
ner: 1904, 79,200 bottles; 1905, 485,000 bottles; [906,
576,000 bottles; 1907, 700,000 bottles.
Such a growth in a period of four short years is
most extraordinary and almost unprecedented. But the
activities of the Whann Lithia Springs Company by no
means are limited to the distribution oi the plain water.
On account of its purity this water is ideal as a basis for
carbonated beverages, and it was natural that the com­
pany having such an abundant and perennial supply
should bottle sparkling or
carbonated Lithia AVater,
ginger ale, soda water, sarsaparilla,
birch beer and
root beer.
A specialty is made of
eineer ale, several varities
being bottled, all of which
have attained great popu­
larity.
In the manufacture of
these sparkling beverages
extraordinary care is taken
to insure the use of only
pure, wholesome ingredients.
None but natural pure
anhydrous carbonic acid gas
is used, just as nature produces
it, and incomparably
superior and more healthful
than the artificial gas.
All materials and ingredients
are procured at first
hand from their original
source of production. For
instance the Whann Lithia
AA'ater Company make their
own extract of ginger out
of genuine imported Ja­
maica ginger root. Only
the real Honduras sarsaparilla
is used, ddie syrups
are made bv an original
process out of pure granulated sugar and Whann Lithia
Water.
In no instance is the purity of an ingredient taken
for granted. Everything that enters into the composition
of a Whann Lithia beverage undergoes a severe
tors of the Whann Lithia Company have exhibited a
praiseworthy spirit in fixing Ihe selling price ol their
splendid water at so low a figure that this luxurious
drink is within the reach of the masses as well as those
who are favored with wealth. Rich and poor alike
enjoy the inestimable benefits of its medicinal virtues.
Indeed the medicinal virtues of Whann Lithia Water
constitute one of its chief claims to recognition. Nature
in this delightful beverage combined certain mineral elements
that are of potent value in the treatment of rheumatism,
gmit, dvspesia, kidney
and liver complaint,
EXECUTIVE OFFICE—GENERAL WORK RO. IM—ACCOUNTING
DEPARTMENT, WHANN LITHIA SPRINGS
hay fever, and every disease
caused by the presence of
uric acid in the system.
Thus in nature's own lab­
oratory has been found a
matchless re-med}- fm" painful
ailments, and the cure
is simply to drink copiously
of the purest water Mother
Earth supplies. As a Pittsburgh
physician recently remarked,
speaking of this
water:
"Nature has produced
what is impossible fm" the
most expert chemist to imitate."
The AA' b a n n L i t h i a
Water Company was organize.1
in [904, and its
officers and directors are
substantial and progressive
business men of Pittsburgh
and nearby cities. James P.
(ilass, the president, is also
president of the Treasury
Trust Company and the
T r a .1 e r s' & Mechanics'
Bank, both of Pittsburgh.
IP Bleakly, the vice-president,
is the secretary and
treasurer of the Franklin Trust Company, Franklin, Pa.
\A'. G. Alclxee, the secretary, is cashier of the Farmers'
National Bank, Emlenton, Pa. George B. Martin, treasurer
and general manager, is a business man of experience
and substantial success; he resides at Franklin, Pa.
chemical test in the large and complete laboratory main- In the directorate of the Whann Lithia AA'ater Comtained
at the bottling work- This laboratory is under pany, in addition to the foregoing, are Marvin AA'. Kingsthe
personal supervision of Mr. James R. Cochrane, late ley. a prominent civil engineer of Cleveland, Obi... and
of Belfast, Ireland, a chemist of unusual qualifications president of the Broadway Warehouse Company, of that
bv reason of many vears' experience both in the United city; P. D. Saupp, treasurer and general manager of the
States and abroad. Pittsburgh Physicians' Supply Company, Pittsburgh, and
Recognizing that they have an article of unsurpassed Alax Hart, a well known Pittsburgh merchant.

34'' O R Y 0 F s U R G H
DISTILLERS OF WHISKIES
NATURE HAS GIVEN LOCATION, AND PITTSBURGH ENTERPRISE
PROVIDES THE REST
laughable if not true. In the Pittsburgh district thereare
74 distilleries making the famous Monongahela River
whisk}-; this distilling belt is fourth among the nation's
whisky-producing centers, and in October, 1007, the
amount of whisky in bond here amounted to 29,485,545
gallons—vet this great volume of business is due to the
fact that when Pittsburghers first began to raise grain
they turned it into whisky simply and entirely because
thev could not market their product in any other manner.
In the early days farms occupied what are now thriving
industrial communities, but farming in those days
was barren of profit beyond that secured through home
consumption. Shipping to the East, where a market
existed, was too expensive by the then primitive means
of transportation; to the AA'est, a territory infested by
Indians, there was no market, ddie product of the farm
was turned into whisky because this reduced its bulk and
the cost of sentling it East; besides, there was a big demand
for whisky in the home market.
Distilling began in this section shortly after 1756,
when the product was carried over the mountains by
horseback, each horse carrying two kegs of about eight
gallons each. Whisky sold for 50 cents a gallon this
side and $1 a gallon the other side of the Allegheny
Mountains. In the eastern trade exchange was frequently
taken in salt, imn and other materials.
About 2,500,000 bushels of grain are used annually
in the manufacture of Monongahela whisky. The product
is principally a malt and rye whisky. The Monongahela
Valley is famous as the center of the whisky insurrection
in the early days of the F'nited States Government.
A. GUCKENHEIMER & BROTHERS—AA'here
Pittsburgh now stands was an Indian village aforetime
known as "Shannopin's Town"; in 1750, and
for some years later, the aborigines of the vicinage were
ruled by a squaw who has passed flown into history as
"Queen Aliquippa." AA'hen, after penetrating the wilderness
to the head of the Ohio, George AVashington was
apprised of the intentions of the French, he was "tactful
enough to gain the friendship of Queen Aliquippa by
presenting her with a bottle of whisky." The first
noted product of Pittsburgh was whisky. Years before
coal was mined or iron manufactured in western Pennsylvania,
various distillers were established in business.
Alleged discrimination against the region and its leading
industry was strenuously resented. Opposition to
the excise law passed by Congress in March, 1790, which
imposed a tax of seven cents a gallon, caused a "whisky
insurrection" of such proportions that President AA'ash­
ington called out an army of 15,000 men to suppress it.
The fame of the district for the manufacture of good
liquor continues to this day. For over half a century
the house of A. Guckenheimer & Brothers, of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh's pre-eminent position as a whisky-pm.hie­
have manufactured whisky that for its purity and other
ing center is due to an oddity which would seem almost
qualities has won more than a national reputation. In
1907 was celebrated the "golden jubilee of good oltl
(iuckenheimer Rye."
The sign "wholesale liquors" on the front of an un­
pretentious little store in Pittsburgh in 1857 announced
the establishment of the house of Guckenheimer. Asher
Guckenheimer and his half-brother, Samuel AA^ertheimer,
owned the store. Though they dealt in various commodi­
ties, a specialty of the house which customers always
appreciated was very excellent whisky.
In the "early fifties" the distillery of Thomas Bell,
at Freeport, Pennsylvania, made a whisky that connoisseurs
had special regard for; entire control of the
sale of this celebrated whisky was assigned to the
(iuckenheimer store; later, on the death of Thomas Bell,
the distillery was bought by A. Guckenheimer & Brother.
Its output at that time did not amount to more than 2,000
barrels a year.
In manufacturing whisky, the Guckenheimer rule
was to be even more careful and particular than Bell
formerly had been. Neither pains nor expense were
spared to produce an article of rye that should be of
superlative quality. The old Bell distillery, which had
been built in 1845, was inaelequate to supply constantly
increasing demands for "Guckenheimer Rye." Resolved
to build a new distillery, the Guckenheimers decided that
nothing short of the very best would suit their purposes.
Elaborate plans were drawn, and each detail of construction
most carefully was looked after; every phase of the
situation considered, all the improvements possible suggested.
The distillery eventually built for A. Guckenheimer
& Brothers by experts is declared to be about the
most perfect on the American continent.
In locating a distillery a supply of clear, bright water
that contains the proper chemical qualities is the first
consideration. To chemists and practical distillers it is
well known that water containing a large quantity of
sulphate of lime, earthy carbonates and no organic matter
is best adapted to distilling. The lime and the carbonates
being dissolved in the acid generated during the
fermentation of the mash mostly pass off in the form
of carbonic acid gas and leave the water soft and best
suited for extracting the active properties of the malt and
grain. At the Guckenheimer distillery, situated near
Freeport in the Allegheny APdley, about twenty-eight
miles above Pittsburgh, the water obtained is exactly of
the quality required in distilling the best and purest
whisky.
The Guckenheimer distillery and its adjuncts cover
an area of over thirty-five acres. The big distillery build-

WAREHOUSES
MALT HOUSE
BOTTLING AND LABELING ROOM
GRAIN ELEVATOR
DISTILLERY
A. GUCKENH '.IAIP.R & PROS.. DISTILLERS OF I INE AA'I

348 S T () A' 0 F
ing is constructed of steel and brick, the malt house is a
brick structure, and the grain elevator, which has a capacity
of over 300.000 bushels, is of approved ( hicago
o instruction.
'I'he "finest grain obtainable in the harvest fields ol
the entire country" is selected by experts and sent t the
Guckenheimer elevator to be stored under direct super­
vision until used. Great care must be taken in the selection
of the grain; if good results are expected, the grain
needs to be well developed and sound. Musty or unsound
grain is fatal to the production of tine whisky,
and its defects become more prominent as the whisky
increases in age. Distillers that are most careful to
manufacture only line goods disregard market prices,
if bv paving more thev can secure grain of a better
quality.
In the main building the appliances for distilling have
a capacity of 100 barrels every ten hours. Act there is
left sufficient mom for the installation of additional machinery
capable of doubling that output. Large, gradual
reduction roller mills, such as are found in the best
flouring establishments, prepare the "meal." d'he great
copper still, made according to special designs, constructed
so as to comply fully with all of the (iuckenheimer
requirements, is described as the best apparatus
for distillation in the L'nited States, d'he "mashing" is
done in two large steel tuns. I'he fermenting is accomplished
in a specially constructed fermenting house. I heplace
where this process is carried on is fitted up in a
manner calculated to maintain that cleanliness and aeration
necessary in obtaining uncontaminated fermentation.
Successful fermentation requires of the distiller not only
constant attention, but also extensive knowledge of the
principles of chemistry. It is exceedingly injurious either
to allow the fermentation to proceed too long, or to be
concluded prematurely. As a general rule, the slower
the fermentation and the lower the heat at which the
distillation is carried mi, the liner and purer will be the
spirit.
The Guckenheimer malt house has a malting capacity
of 500 barrels a day. Here, so it is said, is manufactured
the finest malt made in this ..r any other country.
Expert maltsters .are employed, and the mie injunction
placed upon them always is to "get the highest quality."
Shortly after they acquired the distillery, A. Guckenheimer
& Brothers engaged the services of Patrick
O'Brien, who had received a long and thorough training
in one of the best distilleries in Ireland. On coming to
this country he was acknowledged t.. be an expert distiller,
and (luring the years that he was with the Guckenheimers,
devoting his best efforts to the manufacture
and perfection of line whisky, bis reputation and
prestige greatly increased. Among Pennsylvania distillers
O'Brien was known as "the old man of the profession."
In [885 he was succeeded bv his son Robert
Patrick O'Brien, who had been carefully educated under
p 1 T T S B U R G H
the 'mi.lance of his father with the special view of be­
coming bis successor. In bis work Robert Patrick
O'Brien has kept up fully to the high standard set by
his father, and throughout the country to-day he is recog­
nized as mie of the best authorities ..11 all matters per­
taining to the manufacture of fine whisky.
From the weighing of the grain when put int.. the
mash tub till the tax is paid in the bonded warehouse,
not milv the product, but every process of the manufac­
ture of whisky is under the control and supervision of
United States officials. Stationed at the Guckenheimer
distillery to superintend every detail coining within the
purview of their authority are nine revenue officers.
When the whisky is made it is carefully tilled into barrels,
which are officially gauged: the barreled whisky is
stored in mie of the seven L'nited States bonded warehouses,
which have a combined capacity of 200,000 bar­
rels. In the bonded warehouse the whisky is left to
age for a period 11. it exceeding eight years. There it
receives the best attention that experience and science can
command, until it matures or is withdrawn t.. enter int..
the channels . if trade.
Part of the whisky is shipped away to the trade in
barrels, while another and increasing portion passes into
the large bmidc-d bottling warehouse, where now arebottled
fn.ni 50 to 90 barrels a day. In tilling and labeling
the bottles from 7^ to 100 girls are employed. Evendetail
of the bottling is done under the watchful eyes of
revenue officers. The little green stamp pasted across
the ork of each bottle, the complement of which is found
stamped mi the case containing these bottles, is the government's
affirmation that the distiller has faithfully complied
with all of the revenue and pure food laws, d hestamp
is the guarantee of the genuineness and purity of
the whisky.
At their Freeport distillery A. Guckenheimer &
Brothers are now manufacturing 20,000 barrels of purerye
whisky a year.
The highest record scored bv anv whisky at the
World's Columbian Exposition was made by "GucKenbe-imer
Rye." Judged by the most rigid and severe
standards that could be devised, it was awarded 99P4
out of a possible 100 points. In their verdict the jury
of experts proclaimed "Guckenheimer Rye" to be the
highest type of American distillation.
hi [868 the Guckenheimers purchased in upper Sandusky,
Ohio, a distiller} in which was manufactured a
brand of whisky known as Wyandotte. But the distance
frmn Pittsburgh prevented the Guckenheimers
frmn giving this distillery what they believed to be
proper attention, so they severed their connection with
that enterprise.
A. Guckenheimer & Brothers bought in 1X7(1 the distiller}-
..f AlcGiniegal. Helmbold eK: Co. in Buffalo Township,
Butler County, Pennsylvania. Under the firm name
of the Pennsylvania Distilling Company this distillery
**

T PI () R Y O F s ['. U R G i49
has been operated ever since by the Guckenheimers. In
this distillery is made the famous "Montrose" brand.
Soon after their new distillery near Freeport was
completed, the Guckenhehner's distilling plant in Buffalo
Township burned down. Almost immediately it was
rebuilt along the lines of the model distillery near Freeport.
The Pennsylvania Distilling Company makes
about 12,000 barrels of Montrose whisky annually.
To supply the two distilleries, the Guckenheimers require
400,000 bushels of grain a year. The home office
of A. Guckenheimer & Brothers is in Pittsburgh, In
New York and Cincinnati important branches are main­
tained. The trade in "Guckenheimer Rye" and in the
Montrose brands extends practically throughout the entire
country.
About the time of the breaking out of the Civil AA'ar,
Emanuel and Isaac Wertheimer, full-brothers to the
junior partner, were admitted t.. membership in the firm
of A. Guckenheimer & Brothers. As the result of an
accident, Asher Guckenheimer, the founder of the firm,
died in 1X93. Emanuel Wertheimer, who meanwhile had
become president of the Freeport Bank, retire.1 from the
linn a few years ago. In the house of Guckenheimer as
at present constituted are Samuel and Isaac Wertheimer,
members of the original firm, Isaac Guckenheimer, Asher
Guckenheimer's son, AI orris S. Wertheimer, the son of
Samuel Wertheimer, and he. .11 Wertheimer, Isaac Wertbeimer's
son. The younger men have been very carefully
trained to take charge, when the time comes, of the
business their fathers for many years have so ably carried
mi; the Rothschilds themselves are not truer to the
traditions of their house than are the members of the
firm of A. Guckenheimer & Brothers. The business,
established over fifty years ago. has been conducted always
according to well-defined principles. Independent
financially, strongly entrenched in their line of trade.
constantly building up a larger business, A. Guckenheimer
& Brothers occupy among the distillers of the
L'nited States a proud and most desirable position. To
them the temptation to secure increased profit by cheapening
the quality of their product does not appeal at all.
Their ambition is to produce the best, to retain for years
to come the splendid reputation that A. Guckenheimer eK:
Brothers have borne for more than half a century.
BITTERS
A PRODUCT OF LOCAL SKILL THAT IS KNOWN THROUGHOUT
THE WORLD
No Pittsburgh product is better known than its bit­
ters, the manufacture of which a Pittsburgh linn has
engaged in for vears. Pittsburgh bitters are encountered
all over the L'nited States and in European cities, whether
the visitor frequents cafes or (lining-rooms. The annual
output and the stock carried in the Pittsburgh warehouse
reaches a tremendous quantity. The conducting of this
enterprise resembles more the ..1.1 American spirit of
manufacture than manv industries can boast ol, for the
product is backed bv a family name instead ol a corpora­
tion, and maintaining the standard of quality has been
as jealously insisted upon as the maintaining of a good
name in private life.
THE HOSTETTER COMPANY—The Hostetter
('..mpanv was incorporated May, [889. D. Herbert
Hostetter is president, and R. S. Robb, secretary and
treasurer. 'Idle directors are D. Herbert Hostetter,
Herbert DuPuy and R. S. Robb. It was established in
Pittsburgh in 1X53 as Hostetter & Smith ('..mpanv.
d'he Hostetter Company is the proprietor and manufacturer
of Hostetter's Celebrated Stomach hitters, a
proprietary medicine manufactured and sold as such.
Idle company's employees number one hundred. The
company is incorporated with a capital of $90,000.
The Hostetter Company occupies the buildings Nos.
57- 5^, 59, 60 and 6i AA'ater Street and First Avenue,
occupying a frontage mi AA'ater Street of 100 x 160 feet
through to First Avenue, which has also a frontage of
1 10 feet. The New York office and warehouse is at No.
30 Cliff Street in the citv of New York, and is a distributing
point for New York City, New England States
and Atlantic Coast States.
Ihe domestic trade of the company comprises the
entire United States. The company's foreign trade is
with Mexico, Central and Smith America, Australia,
Cuba and Port. 1 Rico.
The original founders of the Hostetter Company was
the- firm of Hostetter & Smith, who began the manufacture
of the celebrated Hostetter Stomach Bitters in
I 'ittsburgh in 1853.
I hey occupied a building on Penn Avenue, near
Ninth Street, d'he firm was composed of the late Dr.
David Hostetter. George \A'. Smith and a friend of both
frmn Lancaster, Pa., who was a silent partner. The
beginning of this company was in a small way. but the
active members of it. Dr. David Hostetter and George
AA'. Smith, were live and active young men. Dr. David
Hostetter for his part of the business assumed the position
of general manager, and took charge of the sale of
the bitters throughout the country.
In the discharge of his duties in the affairs of the
company he traveled almost continuously and sold the
g Is in all of the then principal cities of the country,
most f which were located in the eastern half of the
L'nited States. He visited, however, the cities of New
Orleans and San Francisco, and established an agencv
for the sale of goods in New Orleans, as well as a branch
house in San Francisco, which had recently been opened
up by the advent of the forty-niners, of which Dr.
Hostetter was one.
Under the able management of these two men. the
business of the firm began to grow, and thev continued

i5o S T o R Y O F I S B U R G H
to prosper until the war cloud of the Rebellion in 6l
appeared. The outlook at that time was not particularly
encouraging, as the large trade which the company had
built up in the Southern States would soon be interrupted,
and all commercial relations with the Southern
States were eventually terminated. However, as a compensation
to smile extent for this loss of business, it was
fmm.l by the Commissary Department f the army that
was organize.1 for the suppression of the Rebellion that
Hostetter's Stomach hitters was well adapted as amedicine
t>. prevent chills and fever, ague and other
maladies which beset the Northern soldiers campaigning
in the Southern States; consequently it was authorized
by the War Department t.. lie carried by the Commissary
Department in the various divisions of the army in the
South, the result of which was that the medicine was
given an immense popularity, and the sales increased
largely (luring the war of the Rebellion, and it became
established as a standard article with the wholesale drug
trade ..f the United States afterwards.
Under the heading of facts regarding the early history
in the life of this company, which began business in
1853, thev present a facsimile of the first check issued
by them in the beginning of their business in the city of
Pittsburgh. It is dated December 1, 1S53. d'he check
was drawn on Hoon & Sargent, bankers, at the northeast
corner of Wood and Sixth Streets, now Sixth Avenue,
and is in the handwriting of Dr. David Hostetter.
I'he company began with small means, but in the 'Go's
were 111. .re prosperous and had accumulated some funds
frmn the running of their business, and when the L'nited
States Government appealed to the people of the North
for funds to raise and equip the Northern army to fight
the battles of the Rebellion, Hostetter ix- Smith were
amongst the first subscribers to the first issue of L'nited
States Government bonds, and the- records show that they
bought these securities to the extent of their ability at
that time in support of the struggle to maintain the integrity
of the Union.
Hostetter's Celebrated Stomach Bitters is a proprietary
medicine prepared after a secret formula, which
compound is recognized as a standard pharmaceutical
preparation, and is known to the drug trade as a standard
medicine in a commercial way, and to the consumer as a
reined}- for ailments as set forth ..11 the label and in
everv other manner in which it is presented to the public
fi ir their use and benefit.
"Ihe enviable reputation which has been established
in the last fifty vears for the sale of these goods, which
has been accomplished by the present proprietors and
their predecessors, may be attributed to the fact that
every representation as t the character and quality of
the goods made and sold by them is on the foundation
..I" the uniform policy of the proprietors: to make no
representations that they were not abundantly able to
establish. In addition to all this it was the policy of
this company and their predecessors, from the very in­
ception of the business, now more than fifty years ago,
to inaugurate and carry out most scrupulously a per­
fectly fair and honest business policy with all of their
customers in both buying and selling the materials used
in their manufacture and in disposing of the product
after it was manufactured.
Dr. David Hostetter and George A\^. Smith were the
founders ..f this business, and they employed their best
efforts along the line indicated in the preceding para­
graph. Dr. Hostetter was a public-spirited man in every
sense of the word, and after the establishment of this
business he devoted a considerable portion of his time,
ability and means in furthering and promoting many
public enterprises.
Among the manv enterprises with which he has iden­
tified himself outside of the manufacture of Hostetter's
Stmnach Bitters are the following: ddie Pittsburgh &
Lake Erie Railroad, the building and maintaining of
numerous pipe lines for the transportation of natural
gas and petroleum, the rehabilitation and successful operation
of both natural and artificial gas companies, the
Pittsburgh (ias Company, the Allegheny Gas Company.
the Fast End Gas Company, the old Consolidated Gas
Company, the Allegheny Heating Company, the promotion
and successful construction of the Pittsburgh
water works, the reorganization of the Fort Pitt Banking
Company as the Fort Pitt National Bank, and was
a factor in the Farmers' Deposit National Bank, Iron
City National Bank and the Fourth National Bank, and
many other institutions and enterprises bore the imprint
of his energy and ability.
Air. George A\'. Smith, his partner, was more inclined
to devote his attention to private interests.
BREWERS
PITTSBURGH BREWERIES STAND AS EXAMPLES TO THE BREW-
ING TRADE OF BOTH HEMISPHERES
Brewing malt liquors for the populace in the Pittsburgh
district involves an investment valued at $35,000,-
000 and demands the constant employment of nearly
4.000 men. Nowhere, excepting in Prohibition districts,
is the retailing of liquor more carefully restricted and
governed than is the case in Pennsylvania, and the breweries
have met these conditions and still achieved success.
Pittsburgh's breweries stand as examples to the brewing
world both in size and quality of product.
CAMBRIA BREWING COMPANY—Good beer
never was—never can be made from poor materials. The
use of partially fermented beer is highly injurious to
health. The Cambria Brewing Company's beer is made
from only the highest grade materials—the best Bohemian
hops, and the very finest malt that can be bought.
It is the essence of all that's good in malt and hops. It

T H E S T O R Y O F T T S B U G II 3-"11
has no compeer as a satisfying, strengthening and health-
imparting beverage, and is the established criterion by
which other brews are judged. Then not a drop of this
beer is put upon the market until it is at least three
months old. This makes it a perfectly pure and properly
aged beer, a healthful beverage.
The Cambria Brewing Company from the beginninghas
been a paying investment. Its profits multiplied so
marvelously that the original stockholders, who were
principally Pittsburghers, were bought out at a big profit
to them by local capitalists of Johnstown, and since the
change in ownership the capacity has been increased
each year in order to meet the demands for its products.
ddie Cambria Brewing Company is located at 401-
403-405-407 Broad Street, Johnstown, Pa. It is cap­
italized at $100,000, with a stock valued at $350,000.
Its employees number seventy-five.
The president of the company is J. P. Green, A. C.
Lampe is the vice-president, J. B. Denny is the secretary.
treasurer and general manager, C. J. Burkhard is the
assistant secretary and general manager, which officers
with J. L. Stibich constitute the board of directors.
MUTUAL UNION BREAVING COMPANY—On
June 21. 1906, the Mutual Union Brewing Company
was formed by the liquor dealers of Allegheny County,
capital $400,000, following the example set by dealers in
other parts of the country, ddie underlying principle of
the new organization was to secure absolute independence
of action as well as the generous profits upon the manufacture
and distribution of beer. On September 19,
1906, the capital stock was increased to $600,000, and
November 22, 1907, it was further increased to $1,000,-
000, with not one dissenting vote being recorded against
the propositions.
ddie plant is located at Aliquippa, Beaver County, Pa.,
and is a model institution. The establishment is equipped
with glass-enameled steel storage-tanks of the latest improved
design. It also has an immense bottling plant
with a capacity of 300 barrels per day. The company
enjoys the distinction of paying the lowest rate of insurance
ever quoted on a brewery. It has a capacity of
one-quarter million barrels per annum.
A distinct advantage of the Mutual Union Company
is the superior quality of the Aliquippa water. The
company shows earnings at the rate of 35 per cent.
Twelve per cent, has been paid to the stockholders in
special quarterly dividends.
The officers of the company are: Theo. Huckstein,
president; AA'illiam Zinkham, vice-president; P. H.
Nolan, secretary; John Lauler, treasurer.
PITTSBURGH BREAVING COMPANY — The
revenue of the Pdiited States at present is mainly
derived from two sources—namely, duty on imports,
and internal revenue taxes upon distilled spirits, fer­
mented liquors, tobacco, banks and bankers. The na­
tional expenditure is largely 011 account of the war and
navy departments, pensions, payment of interest of the
public debt incurred by the Civil AA'ar, and the civil
service. Pensions form the largest item of expenditure.
Next to pensions the cost of the general administration.
including the expenses of the executive and legislative.
The Ldiited States ranks first among the nations of
the world in agriculture, manufactures, mining, stock-
raising, and combined banking and commercial industries,
and at the same time its wage-workers arc-
better paid for labor than those of any other country.
It also exceeds all the other countries in wealth
and income. This great Republican Empire has over
1,500,000 square miles of arable land, exclusive of
Alaska; of this area less than 200,000 square miles
is under cultivation, or less than one-ninth of the
smallest estimate of the arable land; after feeding the
nearly eighty million inhabitants of 1900. the country exported
nearly one-half a billion dollars' worth of agricultural
products. If the total area of arable land were
brought under the plow it would ic-c-d 450,000,000 inhabitants,
and tiff, ml two and one-half billion bushels
of grain for export, and, according Atkinson, we might
"by merely bringing our product up to our average
standard of reasonably good agriculture sustain more
than double this number of inhabitants and produce an
excess of over five billion bushels of grain for exportation."
A large contributor to the internal revenue of the
national government arising from the manufacture of
fermented or malt liquors is the Pittsburgh Brewing
Company, whose taxes of one dollar per barrel mi its
output amounts to an enormous sum annually. It is
the largest contributor of internal revenue receipts from
this class of business in the twenty-third revenue district,
which comprises more than half of the State. In its business,
which is confined exclusively to the brewing of malt
liquors, it employs 1,250 men.
Phis great enterprise was established February 9,
1899, and has spacious offices on the first floor of the
Carnegie Building on Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh. Its
officers are : F. XV. Mueller, president; Wm. Ruske, secretary
; John P. Ober, treasurer; Herman Straub, general
superintendent, and C. H. Ridall, manager of the
sales department, ddie directors are: Leopold A'ilsack,
H. E. A\rainwright, F. W. Alueller, Frederick Gwinner,
Sr., T. F. Straub, Joseph A. O'Neill. Marcus Aaron, A.
A. Frauenheim and Wm. Ruske. manv of whom are
experienced in the business and regarded as experts.
d'his company owns the following named breweries:
ddie Phoenix Brewery, twelfth ward, Pittsburgh; Wainwright,
fifteenth ward, Pittsburgh; Iron City, six­
teenth ward, Pittsburgh; Keystone, twenty-fourth ward,
Pittsburgh; Winter, twenty-sixth ward, Pittsburgh;
Eberhardt & Ober, seventh ward, Allegheny; Bauerlein,

35a T H E S T O R Y 0 F
Shaler Township, Allegheny County; McKeesport, Prought Mc­ forward $806,142.19
Keesport, Pa.; Latrobe, Latrobe, Pa.; Alt. Pleasant, Alt. Dividends on common stock, quarterly
Pleasant, Pa.; Jeannette, Jeannette, Pa.; Connellsville, (Nov., '05; Feb., '06; May, '06; Aug.,
at Connellsville. Pa., and the Uniontown brewery at 06) 298,108.42
Uniontown, Pa. Its capital is $19,500,000, and its capacity
1,500,000 barrels.
Total disbursements $1,104,250.61
The vast business carried on by the Pittsburgh Brew­ Net gain 511,626.36
ing Company, and the care with which the same is man­ Add credit balance (>ct. 28, 1905 3,101,299.56
aged are indicated by the following:
Statement of assets and liabilities, October 2~, 1906.
ASSETS.
Cash mi hand and in banks $1,065,042.01
hmids and mortgages and bills receivable. 1,380,717-56
Accounts receivable—sales ledgers 657,932.03
Construction accounts—improvements at
breweries in course of completion 90,2X6.00
Brewery inventory 5°3>592'54
General office inventory 27>385-43
Sinking fund account 2^2,2i, | T T S B U R G H
Net credit balance Oct. 2~, 1906 $3,612,925.92
Total barrels sold during year 93°>6o3 7"|S
Total barrels sold .luring previous year. . 806,7776-8
(Jain for year 123,826 1-8
UNSOLD STOCKS AND BONDS IN TREASURY.
181 bonds.
7,998 shares preferred stock.
10.755 shares common stock.
F. W. Mueller, president of the Pittsburgh Brewing
Company, was born in Germany in 1847. and reared and
educated in his native country. Coming to America in
1873 he located first at Cincinnati and later at Hamil­
ton. Ohio, where he remained twelve years. He came to
Pittsburgh in 1887 and engaged in the brewing business,
in which he has been unusually successful. Mr. Mueller
was made president of the Pittsburgh Brewing Company
in February, 1900, as a compliment to his ability and
industry, and has filled this responsible position ably and
creditably ever since.
John P. Ober, treasurer, was born in Allegheny in
1848. He worked in his father's brewery until 1870
when, with Air. Fberhar.lt, he started a brewer}-, which
was later incorporated as the Eberhardt & Ober Brewing
Company and remained such until merged into the
Pittsburgh Brewing ('..mpanv.
THE STAR BREWING COMPANY—When the
Star Brewing Company, Greensburg, Pa., was organized.
its projectors had one idea in mind—the equipment of a
perfect plant and the- placing on the market of a pure and
wh. iles. .me product. I low well the company has succeeded
in its ambitions is t.< tell the story of its comparatively
short history. From the lime the Star brands were
first marketed, they came into favor, and to-day their
popularity is wide-spread.
It one visits the thoroughly modern plant of the company
it will not be a difficult task to find sufficient reason
tor this popularity. The architect—a man of experience
and reputation—was instructed to design a plant
second to none in the country. He was given carte
blanche in every respect. The company wanted the best
of equipment the country afforded. They got it. and the
result is a model brewery. But their endeavors for excellence
in beer, it may lie said, had only begun. It was
decided that nothing but the purest of hops and malt

S T () R Y () I- T S U R G II
would be used, and that the making of the product should
always be in the hands of a competent staff of brewing
managers, ddiese resolutions were most religiously kept,
contributing not a little to the perfection of quality set
as standard.
The story of beer-making is an old one, but a description
of a plant such as the Star Company has at its com­
mand is not a dry story at all. It represents all the attractiveness
of an up-to-date brewery.
The main building of the plant is 125 x 110 feet in
dimensions. It is a substantia] structure of brick and
stone and is graceful in appearance. It towers high
above the level of the Hat in which it is built. 11 ere the
prevailing idea of the entire structure—that of neatness
and cleanliness—is plainly evident. The machinery
fairly glistens in its brightness, everything is spick ami
span, in fact one could well imagine himself in the testing
room of some big plant devoted exclusively t.. the
manufacture of power-creating machines. Power is fur­
nished by a ninety-horse-power engine from a pair of
150-horse-power boilers. In the engine mom tire also
two refrigerating machines of thirty-five tmis capacity
each, a thirty-barrel hop-jack, and a powerful Epping-
Carpenter pump.
Besides the main building are the offices, a bottling
house, a shipping-yard and stables. In the shipping-yard
is an artesian well, from which hourly 300 barrels of
pure water are brought to the surface. In addition there
is also an ice plant, in which twenty tmis of ice are madeeach
clay.
The capacity of the brewer}- is 35,000 barrels of
beer a year, but this amount can be increased.
One must visit the plant to get a clear conception of
its completeness. Labor-saving and sanitary devices
abound everywhere, ddie making of beer has progressed
with great steps and bounds in recent years, and the Star
plant is in every respect the acme of perfection. Harry
F. Alwine is president and general manager, David P.
Hudson is the treasurer. Thev have surrounded themselves
with a corps of assistants thoroughly capable, and
the painstaking efforts of every one connected with the
plant are reflected in the excellence of the product.
BREWERS' AGENTS
AN IMPORTANT ADJUNCT TO THE BREWERY TRADE ABLY CON­
DUCTED BY LOCAL AGENTS
When Pittsburgh breweries turn out their yearly out­
put of 2,000,000 barrels of beer, their work is done, but
that of another, the brewer}- agent, is just begun. Distributing
brewery production in a district as expansive as
this is an undertaking of Plerculean proportions. Bottling
beer is one of the biggest items, as in this way hundreds
of small dealers and drinkers must be taken care of. I his
important adjunct of the brewery trade has been reduced
to a system in Pittsburgh.
P. P. RLPSCH—One of the most important branches
of general business in Pittsburgh is the promotion of
trade in lines competitive with local industries. Ibis is
distinctively true of the brewing business. It is not
meant that the products of the Pittsburgh breweries are
inferior t those of other places, but that the home
product is not equal to the demand. This accounts for
the large sale ..f the Moerlein Brewing Company's output
in this citv. Another reason for the popularity of
the Moerlein beverage is the genial personality of the
man who represents the firm. He makes friends and
keeps them, an essential qualification for a successful
business man.
'I'he Moerlein lire-wing Company, of Cincinnati,
established its agency in Pittsburgh in 1874, and at that
time was represented by Joseph lireuning. The excellence
of its product was soon recognized and appreciated.
Business increased rapidly, and larger quarters were soon
needed. In [895 the Imn Citv branch was located at its
present quarters, 556 and 558 Second Avenue, with Air.
Ernest F. Rusch in charge. In Air. Rusch rival brewers
found a foe worth}- of their steel. Aggressive and confident
in the high-grade qualities of Moerlein goods he
soon made the name of the company synonymous with
"square deal." d'he people of Pittsburgh learned the
lesson that when they bought the product of the Moerlein
Brewing Company thev were getting full value for their
money. Mr. Rusch looked ahead. He realized that the
very foundation of a progressive and healthy business
was to build up a class of satisfied patrons. Nothing
succeeds like success, and the experience of the Moerlein
Brewing Company in Pittsburgh is a striking adaptation
of this adage. This beer is found in nearly every reputable
place. In fact it is almost necessary to keep Moerlein
on draught to retain the most desirable people as
customers. AA'hen the fact that a certain brand of anything
has invariably good qualities becomes indelibly impressed
011 the mind of the public, that brand is demanded
and no "just as good" substitute is received. This is
characteristic of Moerlein beer.
ATr. Rusch, who was born in Pittsburgh in 1865, had
a large acquaintance among the people of that citv, and
as a result of his reputation for honest dealing and
straight methods he extended the business and increased
the popularity of the beer until the name of Moerlein
litis grown to be as familiar to Pittsburgh people as if
the establishment were located in that burg. Air. Rusch
rose from very humble surroundings to be one of the
leading citizens of the "Smoky Citv." He is proud of
being a native of this great industrial center, and that
he obtained his education in its schools. He is a member
of the local lodge of the Benevolent and Protective Or­
der of Elks, and is an enthusiastic supporter of that order.
He is also connected with other fraternal and charitable
organizations. He is married and has a happy family,
with which he spends much of his time. No man in

354 T II E S T O R Y O F P I T T S B U R G H
Pittsburgh enjoys a larger number of acquaintances, and
none is more popular. To have Air. Rusch as a friend is
held as a privilege.
CARBONATORS AND BOTTLERS
A DEMAND THAT IS CONSTANTLY GROWING IN AN INCREASING
FIELD
I he modern cafe and drug store owe much of their
trade to the increasing efficiency of the carbonating and
bottling industry. This business specialty has grown
from the work of charging seltzer and other siphons to
the equipping of entire establishments with apparatus
which guarantees a more sanitary product than ever
before known, ddie demand for this specialized work is
a constantly growing one and the field is continually
enlarging.
One of the first needs of a company whose products
are to satisfy and please the taste of the most fastidious
is absolute cleanliness in work rooms and processes.
ddiat this condition is abundantly met by the J. C. Buffum
Company, a visit to their bottling works will evince. To
make and bottle only the very best goods that can be
made has been the chief aim of this company, and in the
accomplishment of this end lies the secret of the firm's
success, both financially and in reputation. Its ginger
ale. lemon soda, sarsaparilla soda and carbonated waters
are among this firm's popular products.
The J. C. Buffum Company began business in a
cellar on Third Avenue in 1845. The firm was in existence
prior to 1845 as J. C. & H. W. Buffum. H. W.
Buffum sold his interest to J. C. Buffum in 1845. the
latter continuing the business under that name until the
business was incorporated in 1899 under the name J. C.
Buffum Company. J. E. Baylor is the president of the
company, and George C. Ross is treasurer.
SAUERKRAUT MANUFACTURERS
INVENTION HAS REVOLUTIONIZED THE PREPARATION OF THIS
HEALTHFUL AND MUCH LIKED EDIBLE
Sauerkraut consumption in Pittsburgh is such that
its manufacture in Pittsburgh is a large industry among
the city's varied food products. New invention has rev­
olutionized the preparation of this edible until it is more
easily made, and under better sanitary conditions than
pioneers in this line ever dreamed of. Pittsburgh's great
THE J. C. BUFFUM COMPANY—It is certainly lv
German population is a big user of sauerkraut, and it is
more and more becoming a regular fixture on the Ameri-
can bill of fare.
something to Pittsburgh to have within its borders one
of the most extensive establishments of its kind in the J. G. McCASKEY & CO.—J. G. McCaskey & Co..
country. The industries of the J. C. Buffum Company, brokers, Penn Building, enjoy the distinction of being
122 Third Avenue, carbonators and bottlers, are among the largest dealers in sauerkraut in the United States.
the unique institutions of the city, and the marvelous They represent and sell for two-thirds of the manufac­
growth of the company has only shown the possibilities turers. The firm was established in 1895, and at that
that can be attained by a firm which guarantees the purity time there were very few houses in Pittsburgh handling
and quality of its products.
the product, and those who tlid bought very sparingly.
In the twelve years the firm has been in business, they
have seen their trade increase from almost nothing until
it now handles the very large amount of frmn 400 to
500 car-loads a year.
The factories represented by the McCaskey Company
are conducted on modern sanitary principles, furnishing
the cleanest product manufactured in the world. The
firm does an exporting business of no mean proportions,
having considerable trade in Mexico. It is only in late
years that the manufacture of sauerkraut has become
one of the principal industries connected with agriculture.
From an insignificant beginning the output last
year amounted to about 8,000 carloads, increasing in
volume at the rate of 25 per cent, a year.

D I V E R S I F I E D M A N U F A C T U R E S
W
More Than Three Thousand Manufacturing Establish­
ments in the Pittsburgh District—Every Year Shows a
Steady Increase and Greater Diversification of Industries
HETHER it is a great section of plate glass
that the prospective buyer is seeking, or
anything in the glass line, or whether he is
after a pattern in bronze, wants safes or
locks for his home and place of business, needs electric
fixtures, even fillings for teeth and a multitude of other
things produced by man and machinery, Pittsburgh is the
place to get it. In no other section of the country is
there produced such a varied line of manufactured arti­
cles. This is not to be wondered at when it is considere
that gas and coal are here in plenty and that raw material
for manufacturing, as evidenced by the everlasting activity
of the hundreds of mills, is always conveniently at
hand, and when made up finds ready sale.
General manufacturing in the Pittsburgh district has
been one series of continually expanding activity. Plants
which, even as late as ten years ago, seemed capable of
handling the great volume of business originating here,
have long since become inadequate. Millions of dollars
are being spent every year in the building of additions
or entirely new plants. Each year sees a great increase
in the amount of shipping done by Pittsburgh manufacturers,
evidencing a wonderful growth in the amount of
business these manufacturers are doing outside the Steel
City and its environs.
d'he home market, too, is a steadily improving source
of new business. The Pittsburgh product, as, for instance,
safes, locks, bronzes and some specialties, is coming
to be more and more demanded by Pittsburgh industries
over the similar products made by concerns
distant from this city. AA'here heavy material, like that
needed for mill and mine work, is wanted, Pittsburgh
manufacturers have the call. The heaviest scale ever
built. a 200-ton suspension affair, recently was built by
a Pittsburgh firm and installed in a Pittsburgh steel
plant, where it successfully serves its purpose.
Practically all tubing used for electric conduit work
throughout the country is a Pittsburgh product, while a
Pittsburgh concern is one of the largest of those engaged
in turning out conduit as a finished article. The growth
..t this industry in late vears has been enormous, due to
the phenomenal demand for electrical equipment in officebuildings,
industrial plants and homes. Similarly, won-
1 derful growth can be credited to the little-heard-of calling
355
of manufacturing dental supplies. Few people going to
have a tooth filled or capped or for false work, realize
that gold crowns are molded now and porcelain work is
baked, while the ..1.1 foot engine the dentist used has
given wav to an electric motor.
Scale manufacturing and general mill supply in western
Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio and AA'est Virginia is one
of the larger industries. Few mill owners go outside of
Pittsburgh to buy the heavier kind of scales. This latter
is an achievement upon the part of scale manufacturers
of Pittsburgh ranking with the greatest things done by
Pittsburghers. for the manufacture of settles has for years
been in the hands of a few companies whose product had
come to be accepted as standard everywhere. Nevertheless,
the older companies do a big business in Pittsburgh.
They have big agencies here, greater than th. >se in manv
large cities, and consider this territory one of the biggest
outlets for the output of their factories.
Glass-manufacturing is one of the industries claimed
as Pittsburgh's own. AA'bat little effort has been made
to dislodge Pittsburgh frmn its position of glass supremacy
has been spasmodic at best and marked by failure.
Indiana has tried it. but that state has proved to have
neither enough gas deposits nor the high quality de-

;5o S T O R Y () F s r r g ii
man.led in glass manufacture. The great Pittsburgh dis­
trict natural gas belt has made glass-making a fixture here.
Ihe show-windows of the world are viewed through
plate glass made in Pittsburgh, while tableware, art glass
and the various glass specialties originate here, for the
greater part, and are sold in a market whose only confines
are the four corners of the earth.
PLATE AND WINDOW GLASS
MANY SKIM LIGHTLY TOWARD RICHES OVER THE SMOOTH ROUTE
OF GLASS MANUFACTURE
The story of plate and window-glass making in Pitts­
burgh is a romance in itself. It is a calling that has
tempted manv a man of fortune- and greater numbers
without wealth who sought to skim lightly toward riches
over the seemingly smooth mute of glass manufacture.
The business, however, has proved, as a financial venture,
anything but as transparent as the product.
Captain John B. Ford, commonly referred to as the
father of glass-making, was 70 years old when he established
glass-making mi a large scale in the Pittsburgh district.
He was a poor num. after having ..nee been rich,
and again became wealthy before reaching So years
of age.
AA'ith great plants at Charleroi, Monessen, Ford City
and other towns, not to mention the Smith Side, Pittsburgh,
glass-making forms one of the trinity of industrial
triumphs by the Pittsburgh district, the other two being
steel-making and coal production, ddie building of great
sky-scrapers, with the accompanying demand for glass,
has been a big impetus in latter vears to the glass industry.
Introduction of machines for making the product,
mice strenuously fought bv organizations representing
the workingmen, has had a far-reaching effect, and the
glass trade generally to-day is enjoying most satisfactory
business conditions.
fill': ALLEGHENY PP.ATP. GP.ASS COMPANY
—Prominent among the newer group of Pittsburgh industries
is the Allegheny Plate Glass Company, established
in 1900, just after the Pittsburgh Plate Glass
Company's combine. Charles B. McLean is the president,
and the other officers of the company are: II. AI.
Brackenridge, vice-president; \A'. J. Strassburger, secretary
and treasurer; C. C. McLean, assistant treasurer,
with these four and J. \A'. Hemphill, P. Vilsack, John
Caldwell, George A. McLean and I). .A. Peed as directors.
About 400 men are employed bv this industry,
and the products are polished and rough plate glass,
minors with bending and beveling, d'he firm litis a capitalization
of mie million dollars, with a bond issue of
a half million. The general offices tire at Glassmere,
Allegheny County, mi the Conemaugh Division of the
Pennsylvania Railmad. The factory was built with
every modern convenience, and was the first to success­
fully operate a Pehr for annealing glass instead of the
..Id-fashioned kilns used in the factories operating be­
fore it. It has grown steadily until to-day it is one of
the largest independent producing plants in America. Air.
McLean, who is also president of the Glassmere Land
Company, and of the Lincoln National Bank, has been at
the head of the company since its formation. Mr. Brack­
enridge, the original treasurer, is of Brackenridge, Pa..
and has many interests in the .Allegheny A'alley as well
as in Pittsburgh. The company enjoys the continued
patronage of the largest independent jobbers in the
country, and the entire product is sold direct from the
office at (ilassmere.
CHAMBERS WINDOW GP.ASS COMPANY-
Glass-making is .me of the most ancient of arts. Thereare
specimens of various kinds of glass now in existence
which date back, it is said, to several thousands of years
before Christ. This ancient industry, alth ranking
am.mg the most useful arts of antiquity, has been known
t>. Pittsburgh for a little over a century mil}-. But this.
doubtless, was no fault of the Pittsburgh known to the
annals of the latter part of the eighteenth century, but
because the settlement at the forks of the Ohio was not
then prepared t.< manufacture the transparent product,
both for vv ant of material and lack of demand. However,
during the last decade of the eighteenth century
several glass factories were established in western Pennsylvania
with varying degrees of success.
Whether Albert Gallatin's little plant at the mouth
..f George's Creek in Fayette County, now New Geneva,
antedated the O'Hara venture mi the Southside, Pittsburgh,
is clouded with conflicting testimony bv the advocates
of each. In the "Centennial History of Allegheny
G. iiintv," published in [888 mi the dedication of
the new Court-House—which, by the way, was considered
big enough for several generations—the authors.
Father .A. .A. Lambing and the late Judge J. \\". P. White.
included this statement:
"d'he first glass-works were established by Gen.
James O'Hara and Major Isaac Craig in 1797, located
on the Smithside at the base of Goal Hill, directly opposite
the Point, mi the junction of the two rivers. .111
land purchase.1 from Ephriam Jmies and Ephriam
Blaine. 'I'he second glass-works were erected by Beelen
e\: Denny in [800 on the Northside, opposite the head of
Aliquippa Island (Brunot's), which gave the name to
glass-house riffle."
Whether Gallatin r O'Hara was first to engage in
the local glass business, the fact remains that the industry
grew until for very many years it was second only to
iron and steel in the Pittsburgh district and is of enormous
proporti. ins to-day.
( )ne of the men who has spent a lifetime in the local
glass business and is thoroughly familiar with the same,
is J. A. Chambers, president of the Chambers AA'indovv

T E S O R Y O r t s B u k g i .s-v
Glass Company, a Pittsburgh concern with a large plant
at Mt. Vernon, Ohio. The vice-president of the com­
pany is Leopold Mambourg, and A. C. Howard is secretary
and treasurer. These officers with George T.
Oliver and O. I). Thompson constitute the board of
directors. They established the business at Alt. Vernon,
Ohio, in 1906, and manufacture till kinds of cylinder
window-glass, making the celebrated "Chambers Co­
lumbia Brand," the "Chambers Crystal Picture" and the
"Chambers Select 26-OZ." The works is the largest
independent plant in America and the finest equipped
glass-works in the world. I hey have 500 employees
and $400,000 capital. The offices are in Pittsburgh and
Mt. Vernon.
CONROY, PRUGH & CO., MANUFACTURERS
OF MIRRORS—After experimental work extending
over three vears and a hal f.
John M. Conroy perfected
his invention for manufacturing
mirrors, and in [885
the firm of Conroy & Prugh
was organized. This firm
has continued up to the
present time with the single
change caused by the entrance
of the late Mr. I). EC.
Prugh as third partner.
ddie firm at present is composed
of John A I. Conroy
and Edwin N. Prugh.
The company manufacture
mirmrs and are jobbers
in plate glass and fancy
glass. It proiluces all kinds
of mirrors, framed, display
mirrors, toilet m i r r o r s,
shocks, etc. AA'hen the business
started, two employees were all that were engage.1.
now they number 150. All properties of the firm and
factories are clear of incumbrance, and all stock paid for.
The liabilities never exceed $2,500.
The warehouses are at Nos. 1430 to [435 Western
Avenue, and at [326-1332 Hopkins Street, Allegheny,
Pa., with factories in Western Avenue. Blake and Hopkins
Streets, Allegheny. The goods are represented in
every city of consequence in the United States and enjoy
a fair Canadian. Mexican and export trade.
OFFICE AXD FACTORY OF CONROY, I'KI'<
Before Mr. Conroy made his invention, some mirrors
were made in New York by the "old mercury" process,
requiring three weeks from the time the glass was
silvered until it was ready to market. By his process
it takes hardly a day; American plate glass right at hand
further added to quick service.
In the "old mercury" mirror the silvering material
is made of amalgam of quicksilver and tinfoil, while the
< onroy process is a coating of pure silver deposited on
the- glass. The glass is then heated to a proper temperature,
an adhesive substance- spread over the silvered
surface arid all protected by a coating of tinfoil to save
the mirror from damage in handling or atmospheric
influence. When the- glass is c...!. it is ready to market.
Mr. John AI. Conroy, the inventor of the patented
mirror, was born in Lancaster County, Pa. After graduating
at the Lancaster City High School he taught a
country school. In 1X07 he removed to Pittsburgh, in
which city and Allegheny he continued his educationwork
as a sell, ml principal up I" the time he engaged in
the mirror business.
Air. Conroy is a self-made- man and a prolific inventor.
By his inventions be has added much to the
glass industry, d'he United States Patent Office, in
awarding him .1 patent, gave him the- credit of creating
a new art. At the Chicago
World's Pair he was awarded
a diploma as an inventor.
Air. Edwin N. Prugh
was born in Nenia. Ohio.
where he graduated frmn
the I ligh School in 1X72.
After a few vears in business
at I )ayton, ()hio, he
came t

358 () A' () S lT R G H
a careful study of the trade conditions, he decided upon
the manufacture of plate glass. In April, moo, he com­
pleted the purchase of the tract of land in Springdale
and at mice proceeded to erect his factory, which was
completed and read} to operate January ['9, [901, when
the- first cast was made.
Ihe plant as originally established bad two 24-pot
furnaces and six combination grinding and polishing
machines. It was one of the first factories to success­
fully anneal plate glass with a Lehr. The business from
the start demonstrated its success under the personal
management of Mr. Heidenkamp, and it was soon
deemed advisable to increase the capacity. More furnaces
were erected, more grinding and polishing machines
added, the Lehr was enlarged, and many other
extensions and improvements were made with the result
that the plant is now turning over 2,000,000 feet of
polished plate glass annually, which is always sure of
a ready market, the product finding its way to everv
State and territory in the Union. For several years
after the establishment of the plant at Springdale, mirrors
were manufactured in connection with the plate
ration, the Pittsburgh Plate (ilass Company has easily
distanced all rivals in its line of business, and it is now
almost entirely without a competitor worthy the name
Conditions having proved s.. favorable, and the business
having always been in the hands of men who have had
thorough knowledge of the industry, the gigantic pro­
portions of the output and its allied enterprises have
been achieved with ease. Its products are reliable, and
this fact, together with the business reputation of its
officers and directors, have contributed largely to the
phenomenal success of the concern. Naturally this limelight
of distinction in which the company stands brine's
to il much business unsought, till of which, from the
least order to the greatest, is attended to with the same
courtesy and dispatch by its army of trusted and skilful
employees.
Ihe- officers are as follows: John Pitcairn, chairman
of the board of directors: W. P. Clause, president;
( harles W. Brown, vice-president and chairman of the
commercial department; W. I). Hartupee, second vicepresident
and chairman manufacturing department; Edward
Pitcairn, treasurer: C. R. Montgomery, secretary.
PITTSBURGH PLATE GLASS COMPANY PLANT AT Fori, citv EXTENDING A MILE Al.oX IG THE ALLEGHENY RIVER
glass business, but Air. Heidenkamp found that he- could
not give sufficient attention to the details of the mirror
business, therefore he discontinued making mirrors and
has since given his entire energy to the manufacture of
polished plate glass, in which he has been s.. eminently
successful.
The personnel of the corporation is as follows:
Joseph Heidenkamp, president; IP H. Meyers, secretary;
A. P. Heidenkamp. treasurer. Directors: Joseph
Heidenkamp, E. Id. Meyers, Jacob Friday, A. P. Heidenkamp,
T. C. Heidenkamp.
THE PITTSBURGH PLATE GLASS COM­
PANY—This company enjoys the distinction of being
the largest concern of its kind not only in this country,
but in the world. It operates ten factories located
respectively at Creighton, Charleroi, Elwood, Ford City,
Tarentum and Walton in Pennsylvania, one- at Kokomo,
Indiana, and one at Crystal City, Missouri. It has jobbing
bouses and offices in till the large cities of the l'nited
States, the chief offices being located in the Prick Building,
Pittsburgh.
In the twenty-live years of its existence as a corpo­
ris directors tire John Pitcairn, IP A. Hitchcock,
W. W. lien.. W. L. Clause, W. I). Hartupee, Charles
W. Brown and Clarence M. Brown.
PRESSED GLASS
IT TAKES A CONNOISSEUR TO TELL LOCAL-MADE PRESSED GLASS
FROM THE CUT-GLASS ARTICLE
Ihe making of tableware, another of the several
branches of glass-making, has for years been one of Pittsburgh's
big industries. Pressed glass for such uses is
made here and put int.. general use throughout the country.
Pittsburgh manufacturers in this line have always
spent money liberally to secure the best men and designs,
thereby giving their product a distinction that has made
it readily marketable. Such is the fine workmanship in
those shapes in which cut glass is made that only a connoisseur
can tell which is the pressed and which is the
cut-glass article.
UNITED STATES GLASS COMPANY-Havmg
a capital of $3,200,000 and operating eleven finely
equipped plants, the United States Glass Company holds

H S T () A' () F LI R (i '9
an enviable position among the industries of the- Pitts­
burgh district. AA'ith factories in Pittsburgh. Glassport,
Pa., Gas City, hid., and Tiffin, ( )hi.., the company is able
to take advantage of the most convenient of shipping
facilities and largest deposits of natural gas, while it
caters to the trade of the world through magnificent
showrooms located in all the large cities of the United
States, Mexico City, Mexico; London, England; Sidney,
Australia; Havana. Cuba, and other centers of business.
This company manufactures pressed tableware, leadblown
stem ware, lead-blown tumblers, show jars, soda-
fountain supplies, decorated ware (gold-etched, enameled,
engraved and sand-blast), lamps, pressed stem­
ware, pressed tumblers, pressed beer-mugs, confectioners'
supplies, druggist ware other than bottles, packers'
ware, novelties, private mold-work, photographers'
goods, pavement lights, prism window-lights, wine sets,
fancy-cut goods and other articles in glass.
A visit to the general office and salesrooms, Ninth
and Bingham Streets, S.mthsi.le. Pittsburgh, would be
necessary to gather an adequate idea of what this company
is fining. A floor space of 10,000 feet is de-voted
t.< the display of more than 20,000 different articles of
glassware that tire sold in every quarter of the globe.
Odd shapes made for different countries are shown, and
it might be said of the company that it makes glass for
everything and everybody under the sun.
Tn each of the concern's eleven factories a certain
class of ware is made, each force of workmen being
trained to the highest skill in a particular branch of the
trade. Special labor-saving machinery is used. The
Tiffin, Ohio, and (ias City, hid., plants are considered
ideally located for cheap-freight deliveries to the AA'est,
while the Pittsburgh plants are most centrally place.1 t..
command easy access to the labor market. The Pitts­
burgh structures occupy ground worth frmn $2 to $(> a
square foot, which must be sold for other than factory
uses in the near future. The company, to be ready for
this contingency, litis in reserve 500 acres of land mi
the Monongahela water front above McKeesport, Pa.
An army of men is given employment by the Ldiited
States Glass Company, including a corps of trained salesmen
who travel in all parts of the world, and a number
of women and girls. The officers are: President. D. C.
Ripley, a man who knows the glass business frmn A
to Z; A dee-President, H. I). AA'. English; Secretary and
Treasurer, AAr. C. King; Manufacturing Manager, William
M. Anderson; Commercial Managers AI. G. Bryce.
GLASS AND MOSAIC DECORATING
PITTSBURGH TASTE CALLS FOR ART GLASS AND MOSAIC DECO­
RATING FOR HOME AND OFFICE
That the public's taste for the artistic is a growing
quantity is nowhere better evidenced than in the con­
stantly increasing demand for art glass, mosaic and other
decorative work in the home and the business office. Art,
or cathedral glass, has entered int.. commercial use more
generally in the last 20 vears than for 50 years previous.
Mosaic dec .rating has become almost a necessity in the
modern office palace, and stained glass is in great demand
in hmne building, even among the cheaper class of residences.
TUP. PITTSBURGH ART (.PASS eK: MOSAIC
DECORATIVE CO.—Splendidly in evidence, not only
in Pittsburgh, but elsewhere in various parts of the
United States and Canada, is the work of the Pittsburgh
Art (ilass & Mosaic Decorative Co. In elaborately
wrought and beautiful memorial church windows; in
wonderfully constructed canopies; in a great variety of
tasteful articles of the finest mosaic for house-decoration;
in tinted glass windows for palace and other cars;
in gorgeous signs made of rock crystal that tire more
than ordinarily attractive and at the same time save
Largely in the amount of electricity required for their
illumination; in fact in .almost everv form that colored
glass may be utilized or fabricated, the company is more
than successfully competing.
Its four-story factory, t6 Isabella Street, in which are
installed the best appliances for the fabrication of art
glass, is at mice a workshop and a studio. The achievements
..f the artist are supplemented and multiplied by
mechanical aids. On over 20,000 feet of floor space is
exemplified American ingenuity.
d'he company was organized in May, 1903, but so
rapidly did the business increase that in two years it was
advisable not only to secure larger quarters, but to
quadruple the capital of the corporation.
The officers of the Pittsburgh Art (ilass & Mosaic
Decorative Co. are: W. P. Slack, President; F. C.
Coppes, Vice-President; R AI. Jones, Treasurer; A. W.
Weiterhausen, Secretary, and Thomas J. Gaytee, General
Manager.
To President Slack, win. as the former secretary of
the AP-sta Machine Company was a man well known 1.1
the imn trade, is due much of the progress made through
the company's efficient management, ddiomas J. Gaytee,
the General Alanager of the company, was formerly with
the Tiffany Studios in New York.
BRONZE MANUFACTURERS
AN INDUSTRY IN WHICH PITTSBURGH HAS THE MARKET PRAC­
TICALLY TO ITSELF
Bronze enters so much int.. the- operation of mills and
other big industries in the Pittsburgh district that the
brass founders' craft litis come t.. be a very important
and prosperous calling. Blast furnaces, of which there
are a great number, are big users of bronze, and where
bronze only will serve their purpose, ddie result has
been the building up of several bronze foundries, which

3°o S R Y O F S U R G H
give employment to probably 3,000 people and involve
an investment of several million dollars. Pittsburgh, in
the foundry trade, specializes in the heavier work, and
in this has the market practically to itself.
DAMASCUS BRONZE COMPANY—One of the
most reliable as well as the most successful of Pitts­
burgh's prosperous industrial establishments is the
Damascus Bronze Company, manufacturers >>t bronze
and brass castings and Babbitt metals, whose office and
foundry are located at South Avenue. Snowden and
Sturgeon Streets, Allegheny Pit}'.
I'he company's plant occupies a large tract ..I land
in Allegheny and is one of the most solid concerns of the
North Side, d'he metals and castings manufactured by
it are of the most approved and reliable quality, and the
facilities of the company for rapid and accurate execution
are unsurpassed. The machinery is all of the latest
design, and its contracts tire noted for their satisfactory
execution. A descriptive catalogue issued bv the firm
gives the details of its manufactures.
d'he Damascus Bronze Company was organize.1 in
1S77 with a capita] of $10,000. In the quarter of a
century of its existence it litis enlarged it:', foundry by
purchase of property mi three different occasions and
increased its production from 250 tmis to 5,000 tons of
bronze castings per annum. It now employs a force of
one hundred men. and has a capital and surplus of
$300,000.
The personnel of the company is as follows: President
and Treasurer, William B. Klee; Vice-President
and Manager, John T. Brown; Secretary. Edwin B.
Ross, ddiese officers with the following constitute the
board of directors: I. A\'. Frank, George A. McLean.
LAWRENCEVILLE BR( >NZE

T II E S T O R Y O F P I T S I ( 361
the requirements of the American wine trade, taking
into consideration also the enormous quantities of min­
eral waters now sold in bottles; all these are but a por­
tion of the drinkables for which corks are required.
Then there is the trade in patent and proprietary rem­
edies; the miscellaneous liquids that must be bottled and
corked call for corks in almost inconceivable quantities
and of a variety that is very great. < )nly an expert can
properly appreciate cork specifications. Besides making
millions upon millions of machine and hand-cut corks
of every description from tiny vial stoppers to c.rk-s of
the largest size known to the trade, the Armstrong Cork
Company manufactures cork insoles, cork' life preservers,
corkboard insulation, and manv and various other cork
specialties.
Cork is the external bark of a species of oak
(Quercus suber), which is obtained in quantities of
commercial importance only in Spain. France, Portugal.
Italy, Tunis, Algiers and Morocco. Compelled to procure
its raw material in Europe, and having to pay
/American prices For its labor, the Armstrong Cork Company
finds it impractical to compete with foreign manufacturers
in the European or Colonial markets. But in
the United States it is enabled at till times to do a business
most satisfactory, not only to itself, but also to its
customers.
SAFES AND LOCKS
THE STEEL CITY A SAFE AND LOCK MARKET SECOND ONLY TO
NEW YORK
Pittsburgh homes are padlocked, or the people's valuables
guarded as securely, and by methods as modern as
can be found anywhere. The city's pivotal position as a
financial center has made it a good field for years For the
safe and lock manufacturer. Besides being one of the
greatest users of safes among the largest cities of the
country, Pittsburgh can boast of a number of safety
deposit vaults not exceedeel anywhere for size and perfect
mechanism. Eastern manufacturers consider Pittsburgh
a safe and lock market second in importance only to
New York.
BARNES SAFE & LOCK CO.—Of Pittsburgh's
many industrial romances, none is more interesting than
the storv of the Barnes safe. It is not generally known
that the modern fire-proof safe originated from the great
Pittsburgh fire of 1845. Thomas Barnes, a blacksmith,
and his brother-in-law, Edmund Burke, a locksmith,
early in 1845 established the firm of Burke eK: Barnes
to make iron cellar doors, grill work and strong boxes.
Then came the fire, destroying almost half of down-town
or business Pittsburgh. Deeds, records and other valuable
papers were burned. AA'hile people were speculating
for some way in which such papers could be preserved
against fire, Mr. Barnes was experimenting; the result
was the beginning of the now world-famous Barnes fire­
proof safe. Crude as it mav have been, it contained
every principle of the most advanced tire-proof construc­
tion of t-.lav. Every test was a further certificate of
merit. Burke & Barnes were the- pioneer sale-makers ..I
the western hemisphere.
d'he march of Barnes safes frmn then to now litis
been through continuous victories over till odds. Soon
after the Civil War Air. Barnes perfected the sevenflange-door
safe, which has received world-wide approval
as the most absolute protection against fire ever
invented. It vv 'as about this time that Air. Burke retired,
Air. Barnes becoming sole owner and introducing the
name Barnes Safe iA: Lock Co., which litis since been retained.
Air. Barnes has been gone many vears. but the
result of his ingenuity continues to grow by leaps and
bounds. 'I'he entire business is now owned by his
daughter, Airs. P. Barnes Newell. Max AlcClafferty has
general direction of the business as general manager
and treasurer. The general offices and works are at 323
Third Avenue. Pittsburgh, where [63 persons are employed
in various phases of the business and manufacture.
Branch offices are maintained in till principal cities.
Something of the magnitude of this company's business
is shown in its average monthly output of 270 safes
and vaults as determine.1 bv the year ended May I. 1907.
flu's entire output is for domestic trade. There tire now
more than 1.000,000 Barnes safes and vaults in use.
From a safe to withstand fire, the manufacture litis
broadened until it includes tils., burglar-proof safes and
chests, fire-pmof vault doors, mob-proof and burglarproof
bank vaults, safety deposit boxes, grill gates, locks.
keys and other appurtenances to the trade.
"Ihe Barnes safe holds the world's lire-proof record
over till other makes. Its quality may be seen frmn results
in great rires. In the Chicago fire 1,000 Barnes
safes preserved their contents, ddie fires at Paterson.
N. J., and Baltimore brought out similar .attests of efficiency.
In the San Francisco earthquake and fire disaster
ever}- Barnes safe saved its contents against fire
and falling from the tallest buildings.
Cumbersome oaken chests with their iron bands and
big padlocks are relics. Competition between robbers
or burglars and safe-makers litis been keen. No sooner
were safes perfected against dynamite and solid explosives
than burglars resorted to nitro-glycerine. To-day
the vault of impregnable metal has doors and doorways
overlapping and fitting into each other with almost molecular
precision. The mutter of outwitted tire and burglar
is, "It's 11.1 use; this is a Barnes!"
"Pittsburgh litis just begun to grow," savs Mr. Mc-
Clafferty. "Fifteen years ago our city was nothing but a
provincial town of three-story buildings and cobble-stone
streets. To-day it is a world metropolis, second only in
America t New York in advancement and influence, if
not in population. In thirty vears' time Pittsburgh will

36: O Y O S U R G H
be the supreme mart of the world and will be the equal
of New York as a financial citv and in its clearing
house."
METAL RADIATORS
PROTECTING HUMANITY FROM THE COLD A PROSPEROUS
INDUSTRY IN PITTSBURGH
Protecting humanity frmn the rigors of cold weather
is a calling in which America leads the whole world.
Poor heating facilities is a complaint never levied against
American hotels, public buildings or residences, vv herein
modern facilities are installed. Pittsburgh is a large
manufacturer of one of the more popular and widely used
articles in heating apparatus, the radiator, used in both
steam and electric heating. The Pittsburgh product is
used generally, not milv throughout this section, but sells
in all parts . if the vv. .rid.
TUP. McCRUM-HOWELL COMPANY—Corporations
are not ordinarily rated according to their proximity
to piety; vet, since cleanliness is akin to godliness.
because of the inducements and facilities for clean living
it furnishes, the McCrum-Howell Company, aside frmn
its financial and industrial importance, is certainly entitled
to special consideration.
d'he AIc('rum-l low ell enamel-ware plant at Uniontown,
Pennsylvania, is one of the largest in the- world.
d'he daily output of this great factory is 700 nicely completed
bath tubs, and 1,000 other articles of enamel-ware,
such as kitchen sinks, lavatories and laundry trays.
d'he enamel-ware plant, however, gigantic though it
is, actually is but a part of the immense business owned
and operated by the AIc('rum-l low ell Company. Besides
its shops for the manufacture of enamel-ware, the
company litis in Uniontown a radiator plant, the capacity
of which is 3,000,000 feet of radiation per year. It
also owns in Norwich. Connecticut, boiler and furnacefactories
that make annually 6,000 boilers and 3.000 furnaces.
The McCrum-Howell Company is the vigorous outgrowth
of the merger of a number of important enterprises.
'I'he consolidation was virtually effected in 1904.
In that year the predecessors of the present company acquired
the plants and business ..f the Uniontown Acme
Radiator Company, the Champion Manufacturing Company,
of Blairsville, Pennsylvania, and the Richmond
Company, of Norwich, Connecticut.
111 Uniontown for years the ..Id Acme Radiator Company
had struggle.1 along undistinguished by anv particular
success, until finally the management of its affairs
was entrusted to Lloyd G. McCrum. At the commencement
of the McCrum regime, the company was making
about 1.000 feet of radiation per day. Its output was the
smallest of any similar plant in the country. It was
weak financially and suffered till the ills that ensue frmn
doing a precarious business. In McCrum's capable hands,
however, the company soon showed its susceptibility for
improvement. Prom practical knowledge gained in the
foundry as well as in the office. AlcCrum knew what
was required to increase the plant's efficiency; he knew
how to d.. business advantageously; bis energy, zeal and
executive ability lifted the company out of the rut; he
speedily put it int.. a better position. His success attracted
attention. I lis probity and ability inspired the
confidence of capitalists.
d'he business results AlcCrum secured made neces­
sary the enlargement of the Acme plant. Increased out­
put meant amplified profits.
d'he extended trade of the Acme Radiator Company
brought AlcCrum in contact with the Kellogg, Mackey,
Cameron Company of Chicago. This Chicago concern
was the largest purchaser of radiation in the country.
In 1 o 1 the Kellogg. Mackey, Cameron Company bought
a controlling interest in the Acme Radiator Company.
McCrum, though retained as manager, was promoted to
be the vice-president of the company. A year afterwards
was organized the Federal Boiler & Supply Co., which
absorbed the Kewanee Boiler Company of Kewanee,
Illinois, the Kellogg, Mackey, Cameron Company of
Chicago, the Model Heating Company, of Philadelphia,
and the Uniontown Acme Radiator Company.
In 1.103 McCrum became associated in a business
way with George I). Howell, a prominent attorney and
capitalist of Uniontown.
Air. Howell, like his associate, wtis a young man.
hike-wise he vv 'tis noted for his sound judgment and remark-able
ability. To the high standing he had attained
in the legal profession was added the prestige gained
through advantageous investments in coal lands. Intimately
associated with J. A'. Thompson, the banker and
millionaire coal operator of Uniontown, in some of his
largest undertakings, Howell was a man whom any one
would be glad to have for a partner.
AA'ith C. A'. Kellogg, the president of the Federal
Boiler Company, and \A'. 1\. Pierce, of the Pierce, Butler
& Pierce Manufacturing Co., of Syracuse, New
York, AlcCrum and Howell, in 1003, bought the plant
and business of the Champion Manufacturing Company.
Each of the partners took an equal interest.
At Blairsville the Champion Manufacturing Company
did an extensive business in the manufacturing of enamelware.
AA'hen the Champion factories were destroyed by
fire it was decided not to rebuild in Blairsville. ddie advantages
of other locations were taken int.. considera­
tion. Other towns coveted the plant, and in one instance
a bmms ..I" cash and kind of a total value of $125,000
was offered. But the reasons which induced the build­
ing of the new plant in Uniontown outweighed the
b. .nus.
In March, 1(104, Howell. Kellogg and McCrum acquired
the plant and all the interests of the Richmond

S T () A' ( ) P I T 1 I" R (i i°3
Company of Norwich. Connecticut, one of the oldest
and best known manufacturers of boilers and furnaces
in the United States.
Prmii the Federal Boiler Company in May, 1004.
Howell, Kellogg and McCrum purchase.1 the Uniontown
Acme Radiator Company. In June of the same year
was organized the Kellogg, AlcCrum, Howell ('..mpanv,
to which was passed the titles to the three manufactur­
ing enterprises aforementioned. In April, [906, McCrum
and Howell bought .mt Kellogg, and changed the- name
>.f the corporation t.. the McCrum-Howell Company.
ddie officers of the company are: Lloyd (i. McCrum,
President; George 1). Howell, Vice-President; IP T.
Gates, Secretary; P. Preston Gates, Auditor; W. K.
Endsley, Cashier; A. S. Hamlin, Manager of the Order
Department, and John Holdfelder, General Superintendent.
The company's directors are: George I).
I lowell, II. T. Gates, J. AA'. Curtis, P. W. Hickman
and Lloyd G. AlcCrum.
Branch offices of the
company are maintained
in New York, Boston,
Philadelphia, Baltimore,
Pittsburgh, (Cincinnati,
Chicago and San Francisco.
All of the plants are
now equipped in most
excellent shape, and
a m p 1 e pn ivisi. m has
been made for the
proper h a 11 .1 1 i 11 g of
everything that pertains
to the business.
THE PRESSED
RADIATOR COM­
PANY—The works ..f
the Pressed Radiator t'ompanv are located at West
Pittsburgh, in the heart of the manufacturing district
of western Pennsylvania, affording splendid railroad
facilities, the site fronting directly mi the Pittsburgh
& Lake Erie Railroad, and tils.. connected with a lie-It
Pine Railroad. Regarded as a whole, it is undoubtedly
the most modern and best-equipped radiator manufacturing
plant in the world.
Ibis company manufactures exclusively the Kinnear
radiators, made from sheet metal with a substantial zinc
eating, which renders the walls non-corrosive and at
mice impervious to the action of alkali or acid, heat or
eld, expansion or contraction.
Some of the claims for superiority of pressed steel
radiators are as follows: 1 1 | Radiates heat instantly.
(2) Economy of space. (3) Eight weight. (4) Pleas­
ing appearance. (5) Smooth inner surface affording
perfect circulation.
till. PRESSED RADIATOR COMPANY'—ASSEMBLING DEPARTMENT
I he general offices oi the company are in the Bailey-
Farrell Building, while its branch offices are found in
every large city in the United States and Canada, and
in P. m.Imi, England.
II. W. Armstrong is the- president of the company;
\\ . N. Murray, vice-president; Raymond II. Kinnear,
vice-president; R. R. Gordon, secretary and treasurer;
\\ . R. Kinnear, general manager.
ELECTRICAL CONDUITS
PRACTICALLY ALL TUBING USED IN THIS COUNTRY MADE IN
THE STEEL CITY
111 the campaign to reduce the lire- risk in big cities
the greatest restrictive measures have been aimed tit electrical
equipment of large structures. As a result electrical
installation has passed through a number of revolutions.
The modern electrical tubing, through which
electric wires are passed
from place to place, is
now considered to have
reached the point of
perfection. Practically
till the tubing so used
throughout the country
is made in Pittsburgh,
while a number 1 if Pittsburgh
concerns are engaged
in finishing this
tubing s.. that it can be
used for electrical conduit
purpi .ses.
As the uses . if elec­
tricity are continually
expanding, so the inventive
genius of man is
constantly at work supplying
the necessary accessories
for its employment in almost every industry.
THE NATIONAL METAL MOLDING COM­
P A N Y — In the manufacture of certain electrical fixtures,
in the fabrication of various accessories that make
much more convenient the utilization of electricity, the
National Metal Molding Company leads.
This company represents the importance of the trend
of events in the realm of electricity. Its existence and
prosperity proclaim the extent and nature of the demand
for improved adjuncts to electrical utilization. Though
it would seem that a corporation capitalized tit 8230,000,
a progressive, well-managed manufacturing enterprise
employing 123 skilled workmen, is. and ought to be, a
business entity entitled to appropriate consideration; in
the way that a limb that is, say, two feet in diameter, is
more remarkable than a tree whose trunk has a diameter
of two feet, additional importance is attached to the

3°4 S T O Y O s LI G E
National Metal Molding Company; so to speak the company
is tin offshot or tin outgrowth of the business of
the great Pittsburgh Supply Company. Having built up
;m immense trade in plumbers' supplies and the like.
having an affiliate that is the manufacturer of the world's
largest gas meters, it was not unnatural for the Pittsburgh
Supply Company, or, rather, for the men who
own and control that organization, to enter also into the
somewhat allied business of manufacturing electrical
fixtures.
Qualified by experience and success previously
achieved, the men who brought the National Metal Molding
Company to its present prominence and prosperity
were in a position to proceed advantageously from the
very outset. At first the company had but one specialty,
the "Economy Rigid Imn Conduit." Put in 1906 was
purchased the tissets. good will and all else appertaining
to the Osburn Flexible Conduit Company, and the National
Metal Ah.1.ling Company was thenceforth a poten­
tial factor in
t h e electrical
fixtures trade.
I h e usefulness
of the
articles in
which it specializes,
its fac
i 1 i t i e s f. ir
m a 11 u f a ct
u r i 11 g, the
c o n s t a 11 tly
multiplying
demand f 0 r
t h e installation
of superior
electrical
accessories, these are the chief causes oi the company's
large and even growing business. The "Economy Rigid
Conduit," "Flexduct Flexible Conduit," "Steel Flexible
Metallic Conduit," and "National Molding Metal Molding"
are some of the company's manufactures, for which
throughout the United States a decided preference is
expressed. Abroad tils., the company is conducting an
intelligent and aggressive campaign.
Because of the more advantageous environment
which the Pittsburgh district offers, the "Flexduct factory"
of the company was removed from 11..1 ...ken. New
Jersey, to Economy. Pennsylvania. Ever alert to secure
superiority for its product, the National Aletal Molding
Company conducts its various operations in a manner that
evokes the most favorable comment. Admittedly, if its
goods and its methods were not of the very best, it could
not have secure.1 the success that it has scored in the
past three years.
The general offices of the National Aletal Molding
Company are in the Fulton Building, Pittsburgh. The
ri.AX'T OF STANDARD SCALE & SUPPLY COMPANY
officers of the company are: AA'. C. Robinson. President;
C. E. Corrigan, Vice-President; O. F. Felix, Secretary,
and C. F. Hol.lship, Treasurer. The officers named and
|. C. Oliver constitute the directorate of the company.
SCALES AND MILL SUPPLIES
A PECULIARITY OF PITTSBURGH'S GREAT PLANTS IS THEIR
EQUIPMENT FROM LOCAL SKILL
Weighing Pittsburgh's enormous tonnage of manu­
factured products has given scales a high quality of use­
fulness in the Steel City. Scale makers in all parts of
the wmld have competed to supply these weighing ma­
chines, and-the Steel City itself has been a manufacturer
of no mean importance in this line. The bigger scales
used by the larger mills are a Pittsburgh product. The
Pittsburgh scale manufacturer, however, has not stopped
simply at making weighing machines, but contracts to
equip an entire mill with its needs, and it can be said of
many of the
Steel City's
g r e a t plants
that they are
e q 11 i p p e d
STAND­
t h roughout
with material
made in Pittsburgh.
ARD SCALE
& SUPPLY
CO. — The
specialty of
t h e Standard
Scale & Supply
Co. is the manufacture of scales that for accuracy are
unsurpassed, settles in sizes and of forms of construction
adapted to the weighing of anything from a feather to a
railway train. In name and in fact the scales which this
company make tire absolutely "The Standard." Every
individual demand, everv requirement of commerce and
manufacturing for special scales can be promptly and
satisfactorily met by the company. For the use of the
Jones & Laughlin Steel Co. the Standard Scale & Supply
Co. litis built three "200-tmi suspension track scales,"
the largest weighing machines in the world. The ability
of the company to build scales that will quickly, accurately
and with the least effort ascertain the weight of
ponderous loads of great bulk is well established. The
Standard Scale c\: Supply Co.'s trade extends all over
tbe world. How far its settles may be relied on for
precision and honesty is shown by the United States Gov­
ernment, which buys for various purposes more "Standard"
scales than anv other.
Mie company's works are tit Beaver Falls. Eugene

s () Y O T B U F G 165
Motchman, the Mechanical Superintendent of the company,
is said to be the greatest living expert in the manu­
facture of scales, ddie offices of the company are at
243-24 S Water Street, Pittsburgh, and the office-is of
the corporation tire: Frank B. Gill, President; AA'illiam
H. Black, Secretary, and John C. Reed, Treasurer.
The Standard Scale & Supply Co. stands out as the
only company in its line that is not associated with "the
trust."
DENTAL SUPPLIES
LOCAL INGENUITY AND ENERGY HAVE LIFTED THIS INDUSTRY
TO A HIGH PLANE
Dental specialties made in Pittsburgh are marketed
in such extreme points as the AA est In.lies and South
Africa, whereas 41 years
ago there was no such an
industry here and no me­
chanical aids to dental work
vv h i c h aim .tinted to any­
thing. A small showcasethen
vv.ml.l show till that a
dentist used in his business;
a sh.iwni.mi will n

300 T 11 E () Y O S I! C R G
foreign trade has been increasing slowly, but is getting different traction companies have tried these signs with
a firm foothold in many countries. ensuing satisfaction, and the company has an important
AA ben the sign business was established in [890, it trade in the selling of street-corner signs and numbers
was operated by John L. Dawes; The...lore Myler was to numerous cities.
elected secretary and treasurer in [896. Thev were lo- These signs cost more than.competitors of lithograph
cated at 14m Wood Street. On account of steadily and paint, but the brightness and durability of the letterincreasing
business thev made five removes, each time ing more than compensates the advertiser who uses Ingenlarging
their quarters until located in their present Rich signs.
factor}- outside of Pittsburgh, having facilities for turn- Besides its production of signs, the output of the
ing out one-hall million dollars of product, which in- company comprises reflectors, rods for car-heating, re-
eludes electric signs of all descriptions.
John L. Dawes, president, learned the trade of designer
and all construction, and new products are still
designed by him. The company is run ..11 the co-operatic
frigerator lining, wash-boards and other enameled iron
pecialties.
The Beaver Falls plant of the Ingram-Richardson
Manufacturing Company now covers a ground space of
plan, which litis proved successful in every way, and is three acres. In the various shops of the company tire
the largest of this specific kind in the world.
employed over 300 men. The plant of the company is
now three times the size that it was when the company
TUP. INGRAM - RICHARDSON MANUFAC­
began business, ddiis great increase litis been brought
TURING COMPANY—It often pays to take care­ ibout by the experience that litis proven to the business
ful note ..I the signs of the times. Ere now it litis been world the actual worth of the fngram-Richardson sign.
observed that, for advertising and general use, the Ing- 'I'., facilitate the distribution of its output the com
Rich porcelain-enameled iron
sign is durable, conspicuous
and noteworthy.
Before thev came frmn
England to America, Louis
f * r * -
pany litis opened branch offices
at 170 Summer Street, Boston;
Prospect iin.l Sheriff
Streets, Cleveland; 100 William
Street, New A', irk; 52
Ingram and Ernest Richard­
State Street, Chicago; Amerison
were thoroughly familiar
can National Bank Building,
with every detail >.f the man­
Louisville, and 2053 Sutter
ufacture of enameled imn.
Street, San Francisco.
Encouraged to locate in the
Ihe officers of the com­
Pittsburgh district because of
pany tire: Louis Ingram.
the great advantages obtain­
President; Ernest Richardson,
able in the coal and imn belt. PLANT or Tilt: INGRAM-RICHARDSON COMPANY
A ice-President and Treasurer;
in 1901 Ingram, Richardson
BEAVER FALLS, PA.
h.. L. Hutchinson, Secretary,
and others organized the Ingram-Richardson Manufac- and AI. N. Ilurd. General Sales Manager.
turing Company. In Beaver Falls work shops, having
about one-third of the capacity of the company's present ^ . DDDrr „T „ . -T„T^ m _
plant, were established. CARPET GLEANING MACHINERY
lug-Rich signs tire strongly made of several cats machinery that has made the old broomstick methods
of enamel, each of which is fused int.. an 18-gauge iron SEEM KIDIGULOus
plate at a temperature of 1,600 degrees. The company Carpet cleaning is another necessary function that has
is prepared t.. make fng-Rich signs in any quantity, felt the influence of improved machinery. The man of
color, size and design required. Under ordinary circum- the house might take a few carpets and rugs into the
stances these porcelain-enameled in.,, signs will with- yard and beat them int., cleanliness with a broomstick
stand all weather conditions and last easily a lifetime. but if this method had to be applied in cleaning the mul-
I hey are especially valuable for outside use because thev titude of carpets and rugs in the average office building
are not mipture.l by the effects of any climate. 'I'he cm,- or other great structure, the task would become one well
pany guarantees that thev will endure severe usage for nigh insurmountable
eight years and not fade, scale or tarnish in tdl that time. ' ( arpet cleaning machinery has made carpet cleaning
Ihe first large institutions to be interested in lug- on a great scale an easy job. Much of this class of ma-
Pich signs were the Western Union, the Postal Tele- chinery is made in Pittsburgh.
graph and various Bell Telephone Companies.
Ing-Rich signs placed on coal-carts in Pittsburgh at ELECTRIC RENOV AT( )R AI ANUF ACTUR
the t« *e company commenced business tire as re- ING COMPANY-The members of the Electric Rensplendent
now as they were the day they were put on; ovator Manufacturing Company arc- F. C [ones presi-

T H E S T 0 R Y O F T S 15 U K G 367
dent;L. Brandt, vice-president and general manager; W. and enjoys a large business throughout the- entire Pitts
E. Slangenhoupt, treasurer; Dr. A. T. Noe, secretary. burgh district. The business was originated a nuiiibe
The directors are: P. C. Jones, who is vice-president
and general manager of the Nicola Building Company;
W. E. Slangenhoupt, a well known business man of this
city; H. R. Newlin, real estate broker; II. G. Welch, lum­
ber dealer of Ashland, Ky.; AA'illiam E. AA'ilson, of
Parnassus, Pa.; Dr. A. T. Noe, inventor of the machine,
and L. Brandt, president of the Nicola Building Com­
pany.
ddie "Invincible Electric Renovator" is a general
cleaning device for domestic use; adaptable for use in
hotels, churches, office buildings or residences. It was
invented by Dr. A. T. Noe, of San Francisco. After
the earthquake in 190P, when the plant was destroyed,
Dr. Noe was attracted to the Pittsburgh district. A
small factory was built at Parnassus, Pa., and in four
months the machinery was installed and several machines
put on the market.
These machines not only renovate carpets, but can be
used for upholstered furniture, curtains, mattresses, etc.,
and can sterilize as
well. By attaching
the hose to an electric
chandelier, a
small motor causes
the brush to revolve
of years ago, however, by Messrs. Russell eK: Press, who
established a lumber yard, planing mill and a small box
factory tit McKees Pocks, Pa. This business was suc­
cessfully conducted under the above name until November,
[903, when a meeting of the management and
heads of departments decided that the business could be
greatly enlarged and expanded if it enjoyed the many
advantages ..I an incorporated body.
In accordance with this decision the company wtis incorporated
in the same month as the Russell-Kress Box
& Lumber Co. d'he capital stock authorized was $60,-
000, and a charter was granted under the laws of this
State. The entire holdings of the old firm of Russell &
Kress were turned over to the new corporation. Some
extensive improvements were made tit the plant, including
the installation of additional machinery, and the plant
was up to date in every particular.
The company prospered until January, 1907, when
the- entire plant and stocks of the company were de­
stroyed bv a disastrous
fire, completely
wiping it out and
putting the company
practically out of
business. Another
rapidly, a n d t h e
meeting was held, tit
dust by means of a
which it was decid­
double fan is drawn
ed to form a new
into the renovator.
c o m ]> a n v and to
T h e machine h a s
s t a r t the business
the advantage of
over again. The
b e i 11 g small and
VV. I.. RUSSELL l'.o.X & LUMBER Co.. McKEES ROCKS, I'.V.
new company vv a s
portable and suit­
accordingly formed
able for domestic use. It is a household favorite. with a capital stock of $60,000. and is the concern nowdoing
business as the \A'. P. Russell Box & Lumber Co.
WOODEN-BOX MANUFACTURERS
A new plant was built .luring the summer of 1007, and
is one of the most modern in the State.
MILLIONS OF BOXES OF ALL KINDS MADE ANNUALLY IN THE
PITTSBURGH DISTRICT
AA'. P. Russell is president of the company, AA'illiam
IP Kuhn, vice-president, and II. J. Hellriegel, secretary.
Pittsburgh's enormous wholesale and retail trade in Air. Russell, in addition to holding the office of president,
dry-goods, groceries, drugs and other lines, has given
impetus to a number of kindred industries, none ol which
acts as treasurer.
is more important than wooden-box manufacture. Mil­ BLOCKMAKERS
lions of wooden boxes of all sizes and shapes are made
annually in this district. In demand for boxes, Pittsburgh
is considered a market that is equal in volume of
THE PITTSBURGH 'BLOCK" PLAYS AN IMPORTANT PART IN THE
ERECTION OF GREAT STRUCTURES
business to any in the United States. Box-making, alone, Block-making, the industry of manufacturing wooden
forms one of the biggest items in this city's great growth or imn pulleys, by which, after thev tire equipped with
in recent years as a lumber center.
cables, great quantities of material are lifted for buildingpurposes,
has developed along distinctive lines in Pitts­
THE AV. L. RUSSELL BON & LUMBER CO.- burgh. Here the largest blocks tire made, and in this
While this company is of comparatively recent origin, line Pittsburgh has no superior in the world. In the
in a few short years it has become one of the leading erection of great office buildings or bridges, the Pitts­
concerns of its kind in this particular line of business burgh block is used till over the world, d'he manufacture

i68 s () R Y O T T S II R G H
of blocks has grown here into an industry involving a
great investment of money and gives employment to an
army ol workingmen.
TUP. AA'. VV. PATTERSON COMPANY—In a
splendid position to supply the steti.lv demand for blocks
of unquestioned strength and dependableness is the VV.
AA'. Patterson Company- For nearly fifty years in Pittsburgh
the name of W. W. Patterson has been associated
with the making of blocks of various patterns and sizes,
but always of unvarying reliability. In [848, exactly
where stands the establishment of the W. VV. Patterson
Company at 54 Water Street to-.lav. was begun the
block-making business of Bishop & Patterson. There
under that name it was carried on until [887, when VV.
VV. Patterson became the sole owner. In April. 1003.
the VV. VV. Patterson Company was incorporated.
VIEW Of PITTSBURGH
No matter what may be its cost, size, pattern or form,
everv block made by the VV. AY. Patterson Company
will be fully equal to all that may properly be required
of it. In the making of blocks only the very best of
materia] is used, and the Patterson skill and care in block
manufacturing is everywhere in evidence. Repeatedly
tested, especially fitted for the purpose for which they
are intended, Patterson blocks well may be looked upon
as the standard. The utility and convenience of Patter­
son's patent ratchets, self-oiling sheaves and lateral bracesnatch
blocks tire very evident. Moreover, thev are used
throughout the United States.
The officers of the AA". W. Patterson Company are:
Benjamin Cole, President, and W. AY. Patterson, Jr.,
Secretary and Treasurer. W. W. Patterson, Sr., is the
other director. All gentlemen of recognizee! high standing
in the business circles of Pittsburgh and vicinity.

i
•* V3 t *• • >•.- s
: •->,-. ,.sf,-I J£
. ' # . - W
L E A D I N G D I V E R S I F I E D I N T E R E S T S
In Higher Education the Pittsburgh Community Has Just
Cause for Pride—A Steady Increase in Manufactories
Constantly Creates a Greater Diversification of Industries
T various stages of its development Pitts
burgh litis been described by different sobri-
/ — ^ quets. In its early history its most promi-
-*- -^- nent topographical feature was Coal Hill,
now shut off frmn view by the towering sky-scrapers,
but whose summit is covered by the homes ..I the wellto-do.
\Vitli the growth of its chief industries the city
was successively known to the outside world as the
"Iron City," and then as "Smoky City." It lost all right
to the latter appellation fifteen or twenty years ago, with
the introduction of natural gas in its mills and furnaces,
and when this ideal fuel became too expensive for
economical use in its industries, the removal ..I the latter
to the farther outskirts of the greater city tended to
comparative atmospheric cleanliness.
ddie latest attempt to characterize the city's distinctive
greatness was the coinage of the phrase, "Pittsburgh,
the World's Anvil." This comes nearer the truth than
"Iron City" or "Smoky City," and yet such is the diversified
character of the citv's interests that it is doubtful
if any single name or catch phrase can be adopted to
cover the ground.
While it is true that Pittsburgh produces nearly 6 0 %
of the steel made in the United States, and t,^'// if the
bituminous oal output, while its railmad tonnage is
twice as large as London's and thrice as large as that 01
New York or Chicago, the city occupies the front rank
in many other departments of trade and commerce. It
is the home of the largest plate-glass works in the world.
and produces 89% of this product. Eighty per cent, ol
all the glass lamps and glass chimneys used in the I nited
States are made here, and (137< of all the glass table­
ware. Fully one-half of all the cork used in this coun­
try is made here.
369
At least a third of the productive capacity oi the
P. S. Steel Corporation, the largest industrial concern
in the world, is located here, as are tils., the largest steelcar
plant, the largest air-brake works, the largest plant
for the manufacture of railway signals and switches, and
the largest producers of underground cables. One plant
almie has a capacity for turning out $45,000,000 electrical
appliances each year. Other factories turn out
$7,500,000 worth of pickles, condiments and canned
g. >< i*Is.
At mie time in its history Pittsburgh seemed to be
content to furnish the world with raw materials—coal,
coke, iron and steel—and semifinished material, like
steel billets, bar iron and wire rods. These were shipped
in enormous quantities till over the United States and
fabricated for the use of the final consumer. Of late
years, however, outside capital has come to an appreciation
of the advantage of locating factories and finishing
mills right at the source of supply for raw materials,
thereby saving the cost of freight on fuel and crude
material. The result has been a steady increase in the
number of the lighter manufactories established in this
city, tending to a still greater diversification of industries.
According to the latest available data there are
located in what is known as the Pittsburgh District more
than 3,000 manufacturing establishments, employing approximately
250,000 persons. The estimated capital invested
in these plants is $650,000,000, and the value of
the annual product $550,000,000. The annual pay-roll
of the district in [906 was carefully estimated at $350,-
000,000. While the production of coal is steadily on the
increase, 1 .two mills and factories and 170,000 domestic
consumers use on the average 250,000,000 cubic feet of

37o s () A' O I" I T S B U R G
natural gas daily, and recent discoveries and extensions
in the gas field assure good supplies for years to come.
KUHN INTERESTS
THE RAMIFICATION AND INTERWEAVING OH MANY INTERESTS
CHARACTERISTIC OF PITTSBURGH BUSINESS MEN
Ihe Steel City is peculiar in having the combination
of many men of various talents who find their energies
can only be satisfied by giving them plenty to do. Not con­
tented in mastering one particular line of industry, they
branch out in almost any direction in which honorable
endeavor can find sufficient recompense. Thus we see
local talent organizing and conducting successfully companies
whose sphere is to make the desert blossom tis the
mse. or that humanity may be sanitarily served in their
drinking water. The scene of operation may be far frmn
Pittsburgh, yet the executive heads are there, wisely
directing everv movement. d'he face of Nature is
changed when necessary that the till life-giving fluid may
be conserved for the benefit of humanity. And so on
through the different channels of industry. Local brains
can always be found tit the head of new enterprises—
whether they take the form of a street railway that serves
to render valuable new territory, or when the till necessary
item of coal is taken into consideration, and foresighted
energy reaches out to open new fields or render
more worthy those that tire already established—Pittsburgh
business men are invariably found in front with
no such word as fail in their vocabulary.
AMERICAN WATER WORKS & GUARANTEE
CO.—In its dual capacity as an industrial and financial
institution the American Water AA'orks & Guarantee Co.
is one of the unique and most successful of Pittsburgh's
business concerns. It is engaged in the constructing, operating
and maintaining of water works and electric light
plants in cities, boroughs and towns throughout the
United States, anel guarantees and endorses the bonds
issued by these corporations for such purposes. It is a
corporation with a capital stock of $2,000,000, and a
surplus of $1,600,000. In its mammoth operations it
has employed over live hundred men tit its various plants,
exclusive of its force of competent and courteous employees
in the main office.
'1 he- contracts for many of the largest and most perfectly
equipped electric light plants and water works of
this vicinity have been secured by this corporation, and,
without an exception, the finished constructions have not
only given entire satisfaction, but have caused worthy
comment mi their completeness and reliability in detail
and ensemble, which reputation is equalled by few-, if
any, of its competitors.
The character of the company's work is also indicated
by the character and personnel of its management, the
officers and directors being men of such standing and
prominence in the business world as to guarantee suc­
cess and integrity for any concern in which thev tire
interested.
The officers tire: J. S. Kuhn, president: W. S. Kuhn,
vice-president and treasurer: J. AI. Purdy, secretary and
general manager; J. B. Van AAPagener, assistant treasurer;
A\ . P. Dunbar, assistant secretary. The directors are:
J. S. Kuhn. W. S. Kuhn. J. H. Purdy, J. B. A'an AVa-
gener. P.. P. Dunbar, Jerome Hill, John L. Stone, Geo. |.
Gorman and Heman Dowd.
In [886 Kuhn Brothers & Co. had under their control
several water works plants, when the idea was conceived
to organize a limited partnership under the "Limited
Partnership Act of the General Assembly of the State of
Pennsylvania, approved June 2, 1S74." J. AI. Flagler,
IP C. Converse, David W. Hitchcock. Chas. A. Lamb,
J. S. Kuhn. Chas. H. Payson, Stanley Gardner and
Horace Crosby met for that purpose in the Monongahela
House in Pittsburgh, and the American AA'ater AA^orks
& Guarantee Co., Ltd., was the result of that meeting.
I hey elected as their first board of managers: I). W.
Hitchcock, J. II. Flagler, IP C. Converse, A\r. S. Kuhn.
J. S. Kuhn, P. II. Grayson and Geo. J. Gorman, with
D. AA. Hitchcock as chairman; E. C. Converse, vicechairman,
and J. S. Kuhn, secretary and treasurer. The
principal office of the company was located in the First
National Bank Building at McKeesport, Pa. In May,
[889, the office was moved to Pittsburgh, where it still
remains in the Pittsburgh Bank for Savings Building.
Till- GREAT SHOSFIONE & TWIN FALLS
WATER POWER CO.—Pittsburgh's sphere of influence
is the world of opportunity. Citizens of Pittsburgh
are associated with important improvement schemes in
every part of the country. Pittsburgh capital was interested
to exploit the power that was going to waste at
the Shoshone and other falls of the Snake River in
blah... To the Great Shoshone & Twin Falls Water
Power Co.. organized on January 26, 1907, with a capital
of $1,500,000, the Snake River affords wonderful
opportunities for the development of power. The Shoshone
Falls, 1.500 feet wide, and 210 feet high in
1 • '
grandeur rivals Niagara. From these falls, where it
can be generated under very advantageous circumstances,
the company proposes to furnish electric power for the
nourishing towns of Twin Falls, Milner and Jerome, to
supply the power for the construction work on the 70mile
canal of the Twin Falls North Side Land & Water
Co., and to provide all the power required for the operation
of an electric railroad over seventy miles long. The
abundant power facilities of the company it is predicted
will cause to be established in Milner and elsewhere
within easy reach beet-sugar factories and other industrial
enterprises. Even at the outset the company will
have no kick of customers for the power it has to sell.
I'he Idaho headquarters of the company are located

S T () R Y C S U R G j/
in Alilner. Its offices in this city are in the Pittsburgh
Bank for Savings Building.
The officers of the company are: C. AA'. Scheck,
President; Jerome Hill, Jr., Vice-President, and J. B.
A^an Wagener, Secretary and Treasurer. The company
has on its Board of Directors: C. AA'. Scheck, J. II.
Punly. J. B. A'an Wagener, Jerome Hill, Jr., P. ('.
Hovis, D. P.. Ludwick, T. B. Davis, Harry AA'. Davis
and H. B. Rhine.
It is easy to foresee the prosperity that will attend
the company's operations. As a factor in the develop­
ment of what is naturally the richest part of Idaho, the
company has secured for itself a wide and profitable field
of usefulness.
THE TWIN FALLS NORTH SI DP. PAX I) &
WATER CO.—Tn this city or out of it opportunities
for advantageous investment tire not overlooked by alert
Pittsburghers. Virtually through the operations of a
group of Pittsburgh capitalists ti large tract of arid
as the great advantages of the enterprise that is now
being so successfully conducted.
Ihe Pittsburgh office of the company is in the Bank
for savings Building. The company's officers are: W.
S. Kuhn, President; 1). ('. MacWatters, Vice-President;
J. B. A an Wagener, Treasurer, and Byron Trimble,
Secretary. (),, the directorate of the company are: W.
S. Kuhn, J. II. Purdy, J. B. Van Wagener, \Ar. K.
Dunbar, J. F. Cockburn, Byron Trimble, R. AI. AA'ilson
and I larry \V. Davis.
COLLEGES
THE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES OF PITTSBURGH NOW
OF RECOGNIZED WORTH
The- history of the schools and colleges of Pittsburgh
reflects great credit upon the community and upon those
responsible for what has been accomplished. In the
storv of educational development there tire no sensational
features of progress, but a steady, healthy growth, due as
tjiw?^ffirwmmm®&q
DIVERTING DAM OF IWIX FALLS NORTH SIDE LAND AXD WATER COMPANY, 11ILNER, IDAHO
kind in Idaho will be transformed int.. .me of the most
fruitful farming sections of the country. Ihe 'I win
Falls North Side Land e\: AA'ater Co. will divert frmn the
Snake River, near Alilner, sufficient water to irrigate
180,000 acres of what once was desert land set apart for
settlement under the provisions of the "Carey .Act." The
company, which was organized on January 24. T907,
with a capital of $500,000, is to construct the main canal
and its laterals, d'he main canal will be about 65 miles
long, ddie water rights to the kind to be irrigated are
to be sold at the rate of about $35 per acre. The payment
of this sum secures for the purchaser a perpetual
water right. So soon as the water is supplied, the land
in this district is well adapted both to farming and fruitgrowing.
Crops regularly raised mi irrigated land in
Idaho would be considered phenomenal by the eastern
farmer.
About three years will be required to construct the
Twin Falls canal system, but what has been done already
demonstrates beyond any doubt the practicability as well
much to the people tit large as to the leaders in education.
The public and parochial schools contribute alike to
the- primary education of the youth of Pittsburgh. In
higher education, this community ranks as a leader, and
with the completion of the Carnegie I'echnical School
in till its departments there will be no rival to this city
in point of educational advantages.
PITTSBURGH COLLEGE OF THE HOLY
GHOST — A Notable Pittsburgh College Conducted
by the Fathers of the Holy Ghost and
Ranking AA'ith the Best in the Character of Instruction.
Although not so large numerically as some other
educational institutions of this country. Pittsburgh Col­
lege of the Holy Ghost is second to none in the high
character of the instruction imparted within its walls.
It was founded in [878, and grew so rapidly that
within a few years the handsome and costly buildings
it n..w occupies at Bluff and Cooper Streets, Pittsburgh,

CO - II o V O F s U R G H
became necessary. They stand on a broad campus on a
healthy elevation overlooking the Monongahela River.
Ihe curriculum embraces thorough courses of study
in mental philosophy, the ancient classics, six modern
languages, and history, besides the theory and practice
of bookkeeping, shorthand, typewriting and till other subjects
that enter int.. the making of a complete business
educati. m.
In addition, the faculty, in September '06, opened
a scientific and engineering department in which thorough
instruction is given by qualified teachers at a cost so low
as to hardly defray the necessary running expenses. This
course covers a period of four years, and carries with it
the degree of IPS. Besides the purely technical sub-
jects, it is planned to add t this department a liberal
course in the English language and literature.
Elocution and voice culture tire taught in connection
with weekly concerts and debates, which tire a popular
feature of the college life. A splendidly equipped library
and a modern gymnasium link mental and physical development
in well-balanced harmony.
The discipline of the college is on the lines of a good
Christian home, the prevailing thought being liberty without
license. It has been found to develop a high sense of
honor in the student body.
Pittsburgh College is conducted by the Fathers of the
Holy Ghost aided by competent laymen. Its presidents
—the Rev. A\'. P. Power, Rev. J. Wilms, Rev. J. J.
pi 1 ism-Ron COL OF THE HOLY GHOST, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Murphy, and Rev. AI. A. Hehir—have been recognized
as eminently qualified for their exalted position.
The record made by the students of the Pittsburgh
College is enviable. Its alumni embrace many members
of the learned professions, while nearly ever}' business
house of tmv importance in Pittsburgh claims some of
its graduates among its directors, stockholders and em-
pl. tyees.
During the year just ended, the faculty numbered 30
professors, and 400 students were in attendance. Both
resi.lent and day students are received.
Am.mg those whose opinions are most respected
when it is a case of the proper education of the embryo
man. the Pittsburgh College of the Holy Ghost has al-
vvtivs been spoken of in the very highest terms, and most
justly s... as evidenced by its graduates now in different
walks of life.
BANK NOTES
SOME OF THE FINEST ENGRAVING FOR BANK NOTE PURPOSES
DONE BY LOCAL TALENT
Pittsburgh, being one of the greatest business centers
in the world, is naturally tm immense user of high-grade
engraving in a thousand different forms, including stock
certificates, stationery, bonds, checks, etc., and for many
years practically till of the high-class business in these
lines was sent to Philadelphia, New York and Chicago

T H E S () R Y P) F T T S B U R G 5/6
there being no local concern that handled the best busi­
ness in a satisfactory maimer. All this litis been changed
by the energy and farsightedness of the officers of the
Republic Bank Note Company, who are novv supplying
our leading business houses with everything that is
necessary in the line of lithographic work or line steel
engraving.
THE REPUBLIC BANK NOTE COMPANY—
In addition to the continuous demand for steel engrav­
ing there has been also ti large amount of lithographic
work required by local financial institutions and industrial
concerns, this being also an important necessity in the
business world. The Colonial Printing & Lithographing
Co., a corporation of the Sttite of New Jersey, has been
one of the principal factors in this local trade, but was
not equipped in such manner as to be able to properly
handle anything and everything in these lines that
emanated in Pittsburgh business houses, more especially
so when the growth of the city caused the demand for
the finest class of work to greatly increase.
Frank J. Pope, then president of the Western Bank
Note Company of Chicago, saw the possibilities and determined
to perfect an organization that would have.its
headquarters and plant in Pittsburgh and be in position
to handle all work with speed and in a manner that would
equal in quality and artistic execution the best work done
in New York City.
Accordingly he organized the Republic Bank Note
Company, incorporating it under the laws of this State
n January 19, 1905. ddie capital stock was nominally
placed at $50,000, till of which had been subscribed before
the corporation wtis formed. In December of the
same year it was decided to increase the capital stock in
order that the necessary extensions and improvements
might be made to the plant of the Colonial Printing &•
Engraving Co., this concern having been absorbed entirely
by the Republic Bank Note Company upon its formation.
The capital stock was accordingly increased
to $250,000, and a large number ..f improvements made,
including the installation of high-priced modern printing
and engraving machinery, so necessary to execute the
high-class work demanded by the business community.
A short time later the company moved int.. its handsome
new building at 2817 Forbes Street, where it is now-
located, anel which houses mie of the finest and most
complete plants of the kind between Philadelphia and
Chicago. When the company moved to the new building,
it was decided to install a large amount of new
equipment in addition to that moved frmn the old plant,
thus largely increasing the capacity. All of tins equipment
was the most modern that could be purchased, and
is driven by electricity generated in the budding at a
central power plant. The engraving plant is .me of the
most modern and best equipped in this part ..I the coun­
try, and produces some of the finest work used by the
largest Pittsburgh corporations, d'he business has continued
t expand regularly, and the plant litis been added
to accordingly, a number of new presses and binders
having been installed during the summer and ft,11 of
1907. until it is now most completely equipped.
I be officers of the- company tire Frank J. Pope, presi­
dent; William P. Hur.l. first vice-president; Archibald
Jave, second vice-president; John W. Harrington, treasurer,
and George W. Goldsweig, secretary.
PIANO DEALERS
THE STEELCITY'S CITIZENS ANNUALLY MAINTAIN THEIR LIBERAL
EXPENDITURE FOR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Each year the- piano trade litis been expanding. During
the past year it is conservatively estimated that
between 5,000 and 6,000 pianos have been sold in Pittsburgh,
representing a value of almost $2,000,000. The
enormous amount of money spent by Pittsburghers for
musical instruments may be imagined when one adds to
the number ..f pianos, the piano-players, pianolas, violins,
banjos, etc., that tire bought annually, these generally
being of the costliest type. That the piano dealer does
his part tils., in creating and fostering Pittsburgh's musical
atmosphere is conceded bv till those win. know
what litis been done bv them in aiding musical organizations,
offering medals, furnishing instruments, and in
numerous other ways.
C. C. MELLOR COMPANY, LTD.—The C. C.
Mellor Company. Ltd., is a development frmn small beginnings.
Its position in the piano and music trade is
the natural result of manv years of industry, perseverance
and fair dealing towards the public
Air. |olm Mellor, of English birth, came to the
United States in 1S21. In [831 he embarked in the
music business in this city: After several changes of
partners, he continued the business alone until his death
in 1863, whereupon his son. Charles C. Mellor, succeeded
to it and litis been its head ever since.
The present head of the company received a thorough
musical education, and, in his younger .lavs, was
known as one of the most accomplished pianists and the
leading organist of the city. He was in bis youth
trained in the construction f pianos and organs. In
his later years he litis devoted much time t.. literary and
scientific pursuits. In 1896 he wtis named by Air. Carnegie
one of the board of trustees of the Carnegie Institute,
and since the opening of the Carnegie Museum
litis been chairman of the committee in charge.
Mr. Harvey S. Patterson, secretary of the company,
came int.. the employ of the firm in 1876, and by his
industry, integrity, activity and good common sense has
risen to his present high position.
Air. Walter C. Mellor is vice-chairman and treasurer
of the company, and much of the general direction of

'4 O Y O U R G
affairs is in his htm.Is. Air. Geo. E. Mellor now occupies
the position of auditor.
The offices and warerooms of the company are at 319
Fifth Avenue.
AUTOMOBILE AGENCIES
PITTSBURGH IS NOW ONE OF THE BIGGEST AUTOMOBILE CENTERS
IN THE UNITED STATES
As the tint. mi. .bile is the latest mode of conveyance
that civilized humanity now employs with success, a community
to be in the first rank of progress must show that
it can supply everything that is requisite to properly care
for the ever increasing demand of humanity to travel
faster than its own legs permit.
No better illustration of Pittsburgh's prosperity is
to be found anywhere than in its wide use of automobiles.
This citv is .me of the big centers in the P'nited
States in automobile sales. The visitor to any other city
will find no more autos whizzing through the principal
thoroughfares than can be seen any day in the streets of
Pittsburgh. ddie great demand for automobiles has
established great agencies here, where, in immense salesrooms,
the pick of the world in tint, .mobile workmanship
is placed at the doors of Pittsburghers.
ERNEST D. NEVIN—Ernest Delano Nevin and
Edward C. Dilworth are associated as agents and importers
of the celebrated Darracq Motor Car Company's
machines manufactured at Suresnes, near Paris. France.
Experts declare the Darracq car stands at the top of the
list as regards all kinds of speed and road records, having
wmi the Vanderbilt race twice in succession, and made
two miles in 584-5 seconds at Ormond last year—the
highest speed ever attained in the world—besides a host
of other achievements.
I'he unsurpassed reliability of the Darracq is shown
in the fact that a machine of this make went through a
Glidden tour from start to finish without a single adjustment.
Through a mistake in calculation by occupants
of car. it wtis driven into a checking station seven minutes
ahead of time, for which it wtis penalized 14 points (extracts
from official report), which, being the only penalty
imposed, in no way detracts from the successful performance
of the car. Other merits claimed are endurance,
speed, economy, and as a leader in hill-climbing.
Mr. Nevin says the crying need of Pittsburgh which
appeals most strongly to him and other devotees of
autoing is good roads, tin evil which till hope to see
speedily remedied.
Air. Nevin is a native of Sewickley, being a son of
the late Col. John I. Nevin, formerly editor of the Pittsburgh
"Leader." He is a graduate of Shadyside Academy
and of Princeton classes of 1900 and 1905 respectively,
and is a member of the Pdiiversity anel Princeton
clubs.
HOTELS
THE BUSINESS ACTIVITY OF PITTSBURGH IS ABLY CATERED TO
BY SPLENDID HOTELS
Hotel building in the Pittsburgh district has been a
constant chase to make the supply equal the demand. In
Greater Pittsburgh and the surrounding towns, like
Cniontown. fohnstOwn and others, the demand for hotel
facilities litis increased wonderfully in the last score of
years. The result has been the building of more modern
hotels than is the case in many other cities, and the Pitts­
burgh district is famous among traveling men and other
wide patrons of hotels for the most satisfactory service
afforded guests.
This citv litis a number of hotels that are unsurpassed
anywhere for general till-around convenience, while the
city's hotel facilities as a whole tire very good. Being
tin industrial center, Pittsburgh is visited 111. .re frequently
bv the business man than the sightseer, and the hotels are
operated with this in mind. All tire located so as to be
easily accessible to the principal centers of business activity.
But while catering to the business man, Pittsburgh
hotel proprietors have not neglected to be artistic in the
building and furnishing of their hostelries, and in this
respect the hotels have ti reputation of no small propor­
tions.
HOTEL ANDERSON—The corner of Penn Avenue
and Sixth Street in Pittsburgh has been a hotel site
for so long that the memory of the oldest inhabitant
runneth not to the contrary. Sixth Street was originally
St. Clair Street, and Penn Avenue was Penn Street,
which fact is not so old but that it conies within the
memory of men still living. Of course Penn Street was
named for Wm. Penn, the original proprietary owner of
the land, and St. Clair Street was named for the distinguished
Gen. Arthur St. Clair, personages whose memory
Pittsburgh has always delighted to honor, as shown
by the present-day nomenclature of the citv. In the days
of the Conestoga wagon for the transportation of freight,
and the big four or six-horse stage-coaches for carrying
passengers and the L'nited States mails, the old hostelry
mi this site wtis ti starting point for both, and was a very
busy place even in those primitive days.
For man}- vears the site of the Hotel Anderson was
occupied by the St. Clair Hotel, which, in its way, was
a favorite stopping place for travelers whose business
brought them to Pittsburgh. It wtis rather unpretentious
as compared with its present successor, and finally had to
give wav to the march of progress. "Times change, and
we are changed with them," is an ..1.1 saying which
might properly read—times change and hotels change
with them.
Recognizing this fact, and to accommodate the ever
increasing trade of people who always sought to "take
their ease in their inn" at Sixth and Penn, a splendid

H S T 0 R Y O F T T S U R (i 375
modern hotel building, which made many open their eyes
in astonishment, was erected on the site. It was opened
in 1885 by H. McKinnie, an experienced hotel proprietor,
and father of W. M. McKinnie, the present lessee and
manager. From the first the Anderson was ti great
success, and guests may be found registered there til-
most any day who were there at the opening twenty-two
vears ago. While the house is extremely popular with
commercial travelers, it is not devoted exclusively to
this class of guests. Its conservative policy, however,
has caused its management to adhere to the American
plan, and it now enjoys the reputation far and wide of
being one of the best American houses in the count,}'.
Idle present genial proprietor released the house in
1905 after his father's administration of twenty vears.
Everything is conducted upon a liberal and hospitable
scale. Abundant help, numbering about 120, is em­
ployed to look after the comfort of the guests night and
dav. There is always an
air of quiet, homelike, gen­
uine elegance about the
house which appeals very
strongly to many guests,
especially those who have
for years been making it
their Pittsburgh home.
HOTEL CRYSTAL—
From top to bottom there is
about the Hotel Crystal of
Johnstown, Pa., an air of
quiet luxury, of exclusive-
ness, of quiet care bestowed
alike upon dettiil and ensemble
which stamps it at
once as a hostelry par ex­
cellence, a n d n 0 t to be
equalled outside of the largest centers of metropolitan
population in this or any other country. Scarcely five
years old, it has become the established headquarters of
tourists, commercial travelers and members of the theat­
rical profession, and the acknowledged meeting place of
Johnstown's most substantial business men.
The management has assured its future success and
matle its growth certain by the addition of a splendid
building known as the Crystal Annex. This addition of
sixty rooms to the original house containing .me hun­
dred makes it the largest hotel in Johnstown, hi it are
thirty-six rooms en suite of two rooms each and bath,
each suite having its private hallway leading from the
main hall. This entrance may be locked at the guest's
will, thus affording entire privacy.
Taken as a whole the Crystal represents till that is
new and modern in hotel management, with its handsome
furnishings, call-bell, elevator and telephone service, and
its cuisine, famous from one end of the State to the other.
HOTEL CRYSTAL, JOHNSTOWN, PA.
I'he service is a la carte, and every delicacy of the sea­
son—as well as the substantial dishes desired for the
daily menu—tire always found tit the Crystal. It is un­
der the direct supervision of the proprietor, John P.
Berlin. Mr. A. ('. Lampe, head clerk, is next in charge.
HOTEL GALLATIN—Robert Furey Sample, one
..I the proprietors of the Gallatin Hotel of Uniontown,
Pa., was born tit Pine Grove Mills, Center County, Pa.
In [885 be wtis appointed clerk in the railway mail
service, and until 1889 wtis engaged in this occupation.
He next became paymaster at Ihe construction of the
IP C. Prick Coke Company's works at .Adelaide, Whitney
and Lippencott. He wtis proprietor of the West
End Hotel of Uniontown for eight vears.
The Gallatin Hotel, of which he and E. B. Marshall
tire the proprietors, is one of the finest hotels of western
Pennsylvania, and will rank with any in Philadelphia or
Pittsburgh in the elegance
of its appointments and the
conveniences offered to its
guests. It occupies a magnificent
five-story building
of pressed brick and stone,
and has forty-four handsomely
furnished bedrooms,
each with hot and cold
water, electric lights and
bells, bath and elevator
service. The office is tittractive
with ornamental
tile floor: the parlors are
pleasant, the dining room is
a 111. .del of neatness, and the
commissariat of the highest
standard, and the service
perfect. A fine cafe and
bar is attached well stocked with the best liquors and
cigars. Mr. E. P.. Marshall is well known in business
and financial circles, this, however, being bis first expe­
rience in the hotel business.
Mr. Sample is ti member of Pittsburgh Consistory,
Svria Temple and its appendant orders, and is also a
member of the Elks and of the Eagles.
THE HOTEL HENRY—The Hotel Henry may
well be included in the "Story of Pittsburgh." Not only
is it one of the largest and most up-to-date hostelries in
this section, but it ranks with some of the finest and fore­
most hotels in the country. Situated upon a commanding
site in the very heart of Pittsburgh, it stands a preeminent
contribution to the city's greatness.
It is a massive fire-proof structure, towering eleven
stories in height, of indestructible steel, stone and terra
cotta. Within its walls it contains a wealth of architec­
tural design anel artistic embellishment—the acme of per-

-6 S 0 R Y O F s I' R G H
fection. from subcellar to roof mechanism and human
endeavor tire made subservient to the beck and call of its
patrons. The Hotel Henry has one of the largest and
most perfectly equipped telephone exchanges in the
world; five hundred long-distance telephones are in
service throughout the hotel.
AA bile every precaution has been taken to insure
absolute protection to life and property, an equal measure
of attention has been devoted to safeguarding health.
A fortune has been expended to make the plumbing of
the Hotel Henry a model of sanitary excellence. It may
be stated as a matter of interest that the plumbing feature
of the hotel called for an outlay of one hundred and
fifty thousand dollars. d'he most modern system of
ventilation prevails in each apartment. The filtration,
vaporizing and refrigerating
plants is another
feature designed for the
safeguarding of he-tilth.
Every .Imp of water
used in the house passes
tl,mugl, the latest and
nn.st scientifically constructed
filters. That
used f..r drinking and
culinary purposes is vap.
iri-zed, a n .1 e v e r y
. mnce < if ice used in the
premises is the congelation
of the sarfie purified
element.
I'he Hotel Henry
contains 500 ro. mis, arranged
s i n g 1 v or en
suite. As a practical
illustration of the- possibilities
of its cuisineservice
the- I Intel I Ienrv
on one occasion and tit
one sitting r e c e n t 1 y
served 1,500 persons, carrying to a successful and satisfactory
issue simultaneous service of four separate and
distinct banquets, and ably earned the highest encomiums
tn mi each party.
HOTEL SCHENLEY, PITTSBURI
It would be difficult to conceive anything more cheerful,
bright and artistic than the lobby of this hotel, the
111. .st notable feature of which is its ceiling, upon which
appear decorative designs absolutely unique and characteristic.
It is the conception of Air. I). P. Henry,
owner of the hotel, and in its execution is reflected that
gentleman's favorite pastime, the study of history, and
docs great credit t.. his judgment.
In these days of liberal ideas it is generally conceded
that a bar is a necessary adjunct of a hotel, and mie that
may be mentioned without offense. In the regulation of
this department the utmost care is constantly exercised to
eliminate every objectionable feature that might be inci­
dent t.> ti hotel bar. Expense is not allowed t>. stand in
the way and prevent the patrons of the hotel frmn re­
ceiving the most reliable drinkables at fair prices con­
sistent with the best service.
In its entirety and magnitude, the Hotel Henry is
something more than a place merely of eating and sleeping—it
is ti pre-eminent exemplification of the possibili­
ties of public service combined with the material and
artistic characteristics of a public educator.
'1'IIP. HOTEL SCHENLEY—Unsurpassed in location
among the hotels of this or tmy other citv, the Hotel
Schenley, under the proprietorship of James Riley, holds
a unique place among the institutions of Pittsburgh. As
ti "h . 1 111 e" hotel it is
probably unequalled in
facilities and patronage,
and thou g h it is ten
minutes' ride from the
business section of the
city, its transient guests
are of a class and in
such ,1 u 111 b e r s tis to
show the thorough appreciation
a really hands'
.me and carefully and
beautifully kept hotel
has for the traveler tit
h. ime or abr. .ad.
Its careful and efficient
111 ti 11 ti g e ,11 e n t
allows no smallest detail
t.. escape its welldisciplined
supervisii in,
and to this watchful
foresight and comfortable
assurance of service
it owes, in a degree,
i t s popularity among
the strictly first-class and refined guest personnel. The
well-kept grounds is another pleasing feature, while the
outlook Imn, every mom. being so altogether pleasant
and different frmn the ordinary hotel view, stamps it at
once as the hotel par excellence.
It is located

S T () A' O IP R (i
RESTAURANTS
pleteness. Every appliance designed for the artistic and
scientific preparation of food is found here, and their
IN NO OTHER INDUSTRIAL CENTER ARE THERE TO BE FOUND
BETTER RESTAURANTS
manipulation is entrusted only t>. masters. In its possibilities
of cuisine and service it litis no superiors and very
Of its restaurants Pittsburgh has every reason to belew
equals in this vicinity.
proud. In no citv tire there to be found a greater variety I he- ladies' Pompeian romn is a bovver «.f beauty. Its
nor better equipped eating places. AA'hat is now known walls and ceiling covered with a lattice work entwine.1
as the restaurant habit litis been acquired chiefly because with garlands, a tree trunk likewise garlanded in the
of the excellent cuisine and efficient service of its many center of the room give it an air of rural simplicity.
restaurants, whose ever-ready and delightful repasts which, combined with till the luxurious equipments of
allow the busy housewife a happy change of entertaining lights, mirrors and service make tin ensemble pleasing to
and, tit the same time, being entertained without the least the most exacting and critical tastes.
worry of planning or serving tin elaborate menu. They In the main dining-room and in the gentlemen's cafe
furnish, to.., t, haven of rest and recuperation for the the same excellence and attention is found, each of which
busy man ..f affairs, where, with music, flowers, and
dainty appointments, he is effectively refreshed in the
midst or after the day's work.
THE CAFE FULTON—In the Fulton Building,
that monumental structure of indestructible steel and
stone, containing within its walls a wealth of architec­
tural design, artistic embellishment and the acme of perfection
in its vehicles of service, is located the Cafe Fulton.
It would be difficult to conceive of anything morecheerful,
bright and artistic than this restaurant, which,
with its handsome decorations and arrangements, is the
embodiment of brilliancy.
ddie contributory cuisine is a marvel of culinary corn-
1.1 XIXC, ROOM—McCREERY & CO. RESTAURANT
offers distinct and particular dining. In fact, throughout
the establishment the highest standard of excellence
prevails, and this, with its moderate prices, combine in
making it one of the most popular of Pittsburgh's restaurants.
It is managed and supervised by the owner. Paul
N. Decrette.
McCREERY & CO. RESTAURANT—Pittsburgh
litis never been noted for being the possessor of a large
number of high-class restaurants and cafes, and the majority
of those it can boast of are, as is well known, confined
to the leading hotels. For a number of vears there
litis been a stea.lv complaint among the better class of
shoppers that there have been few places suitable for

•8 T I T O R Y O F S u G II
ladies unattended to lunch in the shopping district unless
they went to the hotels or larger public cafes, which few-
cared to do.
Knowing this feeling. McCreery eK: Co., when they
opened their magnificent new store tit Oliver Avenue and
AA'i iod Street a few years ago, arranged for the opening
tils.i of a large and strictly first-class cafe on the top
floor of the building.
This cafe is one of the most prepossessing and best
apportioned in the city, seating several hundred persons.
Its popularity is not by any means confined to the gentler
sex, tis will be noted by the visitor on any day during
the noon lunch-hours. Parties of business gentlemen
tire frequently much in evidence, preferring this place on
account of the quietness and privacy afforded. The
service, too, is excellent, ever}- want of the customer being
promptly attended to.
'I'he kitchen, which is
located in the rear of the
first floor, is presided over
by mie of the best chefs
in the city. All dishes tire
prepared on the premises,
and a glance at this portion
of the cafe will be
positive proof of the care
and cleanliness that is
characteristic of the place.
While the restaurant
of McCreery eA: Co. is at
all times comfortable in
every sense of the word.
it is peculiarly so during
the hot months when humanity,
though it must
eat in order to subsist, yet
does so with pleasure only
when it can do so with
col and airy surroundings.
This McCreery & Co. ensure by having their dining-room
on the top floor of their tall building.
CATERERS
A BUSINESS THAT PROVIDES THE WELL-APPOINTED DINNER AND
SAVES THE HOUSEKEEPER
w. r. Ki'iix it co. nuu.inx.t
one's own home surrounded by friends! And to persons
of small or medium means such an entertainment is
within reach, without so much as an hour's preparation,
with an excellent caterer, tried and found trustworthy,
tit hand. In these establishments everything on the
menu, from soup to coffee, has received careful attention,
.and so well drilled tire their assistants that tit each function
the service is such tis could be rendered only by a
corps of lumse servants after years of familiarity and
training. Dinners, receptions, teas, and functions of all
kinds, are supplied on short notice with viands and service
that makes entertaining a joy.
A\'. P. KUHN e\; CO.—AA'. R. Kuhn & Co., known
tis Kuhns, was established in 1882. They are known
throughout the Pittsburgh district as high-class caterers
for weddings, banquets, luncheons, etc., anel have their
headquarters in their new building, "The Rittenhouse,"
on Highland Avenue, near Penn. The firm has been
strengthened by the addition of H. P. Kuhn, at present
half-owner in the Rittenhouse, and J. J. Joyce, actin"-
manaeer, but the stvle of firm is to remain as above.
AA'. P. Kuhn & Co. regularly employ from seventy
to seventy-five people in their different departments, each
..f which is run independent of the other. At times this
number is increased by as many more to handle outside
work. ddieir business,
which enjoys ti high class
. if patronage, extends
along till the railroads to
most of the towns within
one hundred and fifty
The Rittenhouse wil
miles o f Pittsburgh.
The Rittenhouse is a
large building of considerable
architectural merit.
carefully planned to take
care of the largest and
smallest social functions,
weddings, banquets, luncheons,
etc.. there being
both large and small banquet
hulls, several small
dinner moms for private
parties, tils., reception
rooms and everv facility
for accommodating large
or small parties.
dso have two floors of choice
apartments arranged in suites to meet the varied requirements
of occupants, each suite consisting of large rooms,
ample closet room and large baths. It will be complete
in every detail and conducted as a private hotel, with
special quick and superior service.
I here is no establishment exactly like it in scope of
What is so delight I ul as a well-appointed dinner in activity in Pittsburgh, and it is expected it will fill a longlelt
want in a community which will be pleased with the
excellent service, good taste displayed, and good form
..I the entertainments given under its managements.
In expressing an opinion as to the future of Pittsburgh
and vicinity relative t.. their line of business,
Kuhn e\: Co. say: "AAre have all faith in the continued
prosperity of the country. In our own we have almost
completed such an enterprise as no house west of New
York has ever attempted, and with till faith in its sue-

s o Y O S B U k (i II 379
cess because our business demands it. Our investment
in our new business, the Rittenhouse, will be over $400,-
OOO. Did we not have confidence in the continued pros­
perity, we would not go into such an investment."
WOOL
LOCAL IMPORTATIONS OF WOOL NOW VERY LARGE AND CON­
STANTLY INCREASING IN VOLUME
That Pittsburgh is not solely tin imn and steel center Pittsburgh offers to a purveyor to professions scientific
is shown in innumerable other activities in various directions,
particularly in the importations of wool. Stiles of
wool here, for the making of clothing and till articles of
wearing apparel, reach a figure which includes several
naughts. Besides, wool is entering into industrial life
for uses aside from clothing the human form more and
more every day. Pittsburghers import wool in larger
quantities than manv cities of much larger size.
THE P. McGRAW AATJOL COMPANY—One of
the well established industries of Allegheny Citv, which
may be considered a part of Greater Pittsburgh, is that
carried on by the P. McGraw AA'ool Company.
The business was started in [880 by Patrick McGraw,
present president of the company, with a capital of $100
and one workman, and has gradually increased since
then, until it now employs 125 men and has a capital of
one-half million dollars.
The company was incorporated in 1891. The class
of business is wool-pulling and dealing in wool; its
products are wool and pickled sheepskins. The main
office and works are located at 1466-1476 River Avenue,
Allegheny. Pa. ; branch offices: 246 Summer Street, Boston,
and 147 Smith Front Street, Philadelphia. About
one-half of its supply of sheepskin comes from foreign
countries, the annual purchase of these amounting to
about $1,000,000.
Patrick McGraw, president of the company, is a native
of County Tyrone, Ireland, having come from there
thirty-four years ago direct to Allegheny. Joseph X.
Kooz, vice-president, also comes from County Down,
Ireland, but has spent the greater part of his life in this
country. H. AAr. Bickel, secretary and treasurer, is also
cashier of the Commercial National Bank. Other members
of the company are S. Bailey. Jr., Robert P.. Petty
and Wm. G. Hasley.
SURVEYORS' SUPPLIES
KEEPING ABREAST OF THE MARCH OF INVENTION HAS BROUGHT
MUCH TRADE
A feature of industrial progress in this territory
which cannot be overlooked is the part played by the
surveyor and the draughtsman. The one laid out the
path of the great railway lines which enter the city; the
other drew the plans which showed the way in the build­
ing projects which have made Pittsburgh great. No
other section of Pittsburgh's size in the whole world is a
wider user of surveying instruments and drawing materials.
This calling litis become a prosperous business of
immense proportions, in which the Pittsburgher eclipsed
his competitors outside this city by keeping abreast of
the march of invention and good workmanship.
GEORGE L. KOPP & CO.—The opportunities that
have been utilized to good advantage by George L. Kopp.
Trading as George L. Kopp & Co., he does a very large
business tit 704 Smithfield Street.
Keeping in stock about everything from a surveyor's
transit to a fountain pen, from ti scratch tablet to a complete
equipment for the largest up-to-date draughting
room, P'opp is enabled to supply every scientific instrument
and accessory required bv civil, constructing, electrical,
mechanical and mining engineers. Kopp litis the
exclusive agency for the celebrated Buff and Buff transits;
the draughtsman's favorite Kopco pencil is manufactured
and prepared for a variety of purposes according
to Kopp's specifications; another Kopp specialty is the
duplicating record field-book for surveyors; tin important
adjunct of bis business is the making of blue prints;
Kopp uses a special developer which insures for the
prints an excellent blue background and remarkably clear
white lines. For developing prints he has two electrical
machines and three sun frames. Kopp also carries a
large stock of the latest scientific books.
CUSTOM-HOUSE BROKER
IT DOES NOT PAY TO BOTHER ABOUT TECHNICALITIES WHEN
ONE CAN BE ABLY SERVED
Few people called upon to import or export goods of
value care to entangle themselves in the reams of reel
tape connected with Uncle Sam's custom-office, especially
when a person trained in just such work is obtainable.
Pittsburgh boasts a man who has spent years in dealing
with the custom-house officials, and he knows every trick
of the traele. His business has grown to a consitlerable
volume, first, through the advertising given him by satisfied
customers, and, secondly, through the fact that Pittsburgh
has become a big port in imports and exports.
JOHN FRANKLIN LENT—John Franklin Lent.
son of John and Alary IP Lent, was born at Sewickley,
Pa., December 21, 1872, where his family were among
the first settlers. He was educated in the public school
and high school of Pittsburgh, graduating frmn the latter
in 1889.
He was first employed as messenger in the division
freight-office of the P. C. C. ec St. L. Railway. Pitts­
burgh, after various promotions becoming chief clerk in
the Pennsylvania company division-office. He was the

3 So S ( ) Y O S CJ R G I
first representative of the Pere Marquette Railmad, with
offices in Pittsburgh, then became traffic manager Union
Steel Company, Standard Steel Car Company, then, in
1905. opening his present office. 11 to Park Building,
where he acts as traffic manager for twelve large companies
of this district, and also as custom-house broker.
He litis agents in till parts of the world. Air. Pent has
been a steady agitator for foreign trade, and supplies
the only facilities Pittsburgh has for through 1 king to
and from foreign countries. His office is the first of its
kind, and any shipper can obtain expert advice mi freight
matters and Interstate Commerce Commission rulings.
Air. Pent being recognized tis a traffic expert. Mr. Pent
says that "Pittsburgh being the foremost traffic center of
the world gives a large field for services such as his
office pert".inns."
STEEL INSPECTOR
IT RE0UIRES A MOST THOROUGH KNOWLEDGE OF STEEL FOR
THIS TECHNICAL POSITION
Pittsburgh's fame as a steel and imn manufacturing
center, it I,tis been show 11 heretofore-, litis been the means
..I building prosperous industries in other directions, and
mie ol the well-paying callings growing .mt of imn and
steel is that of steel inspector. The requirement in this
craft is a thorough knowledge of steel, d'he livelihood
comes through people buying steel here and unwilling
or unable to inspect it themselves. One Pittsburgh
steel inspector litis a rapidly-growing clientele which includes
buyers of steel in small and large quantities all
over the world.
ROBERT AA'. HUNT & CO.—'I'he firm of Robert
\A'. Hunt & Co., engineers, was established in 1888. The
present members of the firm are Robert \A'. Hunt, of
Chicago; John J. Cone, of New A'ork; James C. Hallste.l.
of Chicago, and David W. McNaugher, of Pittsburgh.
The class of business done by this firm is consulting
engineering, bureau of inspection, testing and reporting
material used in till kinds of construct,'..,, and equipment,
consulting upon designs and construction of engineering
works, operations and process of manufacture
and physical and chemical laboratories. The number
of employees is about 200.
Their offices and branch offices are as follows: Main
office, the Rookery, Chicago; New A'ork office, 00 AA^est
Street; Pittsburgh office, the Monongahela Bank Building,
and the leading cities throughout the world.
Robert A\^. Hunt, president of the American Institute
of Alining Engineers, was born tit Fallsington, Pa. Hewas
educated in the public schools of Covington. Kentucky,
working later in the rolling mills tit Pottsville,
Pa. He then studied analytical chemistry in the labora­
tory of Booth, Garrett e\: Reese, of Philadelphia, which
enabled him to take charge of the chemical laboratory
of the Cambria Imn Company of Johnstown, Pa.
AA'hen the Civil War occurred, Robert W. Hunt was
commandant of Camp Curtin at Harrisburg, later serving
with Lambert's Independent Cavalry. On his re­
turn to Johnstown he took charge of the Bessemer interests,
producing the first commercial steel rails rolled in
America. After holding the superintendency of the Troy
Imn & Steel Co.. he organized the Robert W. Hunt
Company in Chicago. He is president of the foremost
American engineering societies, and a member of several
British engineering societies.
John J. Cmie entered the civil engineering department
of the AA'est Shore Road, where he organized the
department of inspection for bridge and track supplies,
and succeeded in enrolling as patrons the leading railroads
of the United States, Canada and Mexico. Mr.
Cone now represents the firm of Robert AA'. Hunt &
Co. in Xew York City, annually visiting their London
and foreign headquarters, which tire under his supervision.
James C. Hallsted. C.E., is a graduate of Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, and Troy Institute. He has been
a member of the firm of G. AA'. G. Ferris & Co., Pittsburgh,
and their successors, Hallsted & McNaugher, until
their merging with Robert \\'. Hunt & Co., with whom
he has been engaged in the inspection and testing of
structural materials for twenty-four years.
David McNaugher graduated from Westminster College
and Rensselaer Institute, taking a special course in
the chemisty of iron and steel. He has been with G. A\'.
G. Ferris e\: Co., Hallsted & McNaugher and Robert AA'.
Hunt & ('.... having charge of their Pittsburgh office.
Albert Winfield Pier... at mie time a member of
Robert AA'. I hint i\- Co., was born in Battle Creek, Michigan,
in 1849. He obtained employment with a local
surveyor, later being with the Southern Michigan Railway
Company, and then with the Chicago & Illinois
River Railmad. In 1889 he became a member of the
linn of Robert AA'. I hint & Co., with whom he continued
until his death in 1906.
MINING
AS AN ORE AND COAL-MINE DEVELOPER THE "WORLD'S WORK­
SHOP" HAS NO PEER
Pittsburgh is mie of the world's greatest centers of
mining investment. As an ore and coal-mine developer
the world's workshop has no peer, but its captains of
industry, as well as its people of ordinary means, have
invaded other mining fields the products of which are
not generally considered articles of manufacture in Pittsburgh.
This includes gold, silver, copper, lead and other
metals. Not milv have Pittsburghers invested largely
m the stock of such mines, but wealthy Pittsburghers
have bought up and now control and operate entire mines

T 11 I': S T () k V o F p | T T s K r p c II ;vs,
In Mexico, Idaho, Nevada, and in others of our western stoped out and shipped, makes certain the- richness and
mineral-producing States. importance of the mine.
Investments made in gold, silver and other mines. According to present calculations the ore can be
many Pittsburghers to-day consider the most profitable mined, trammed to the mill site and milled for $3.00 per
holdings they possess. The possibilities of quick results ton. This ore will concentrate to about 60 per cent.
at a small initial est appeal to the average enterprising lead, and 20 ounces of silver to the ton. From these
Pittsburgher as few other investments can appeal. But values the freight and treatment rates deducted, will
it is the fact that mining investment is within reach of leave a very htm.P..me profit.
the poorest people as well tis the rich; that the- man or Capitalized at $1,500,000, the company is incorpowoman
who buys a [o-cent share in a mine has the same rated under the laws of the State of Montana, which
chance, proportionately, as he who invests $50,000, which are- strict and well adapted to protect the interests of
makes this short mad to prosperity especially attractive. the stockholders.
Pittsburgh machinery develops many of the world's The Montana office- of the company is looked after
richest mines, so it wtis only natural that Pittsburgh by Marshall and Stiff, attorneys of Missoula, Montana.
wealth should be invested in them, d'he product of a The business office is in the Home Trust Building, Pittsnumber
of these is brought to Pittsburgh and he-re- burgh.
smelted into the finished article. The officers of the company are: President, Anton
Putz. Chairman of the Board of Directors of the In-
THE DENVER & ROCK ISPAXD DEVELOP- dependent Brewing Company, Pittsburgh; Treasurer,
MENT CO.—In the Cceur D'Alene Mountains, along the Felix Lutz, Superintendent of the Lutz plant of the In-
St. Regis River, six miles frmn the town of Deborgia, dependent Brewing Company, Pittsburgh; Secretary.
in Missoula County, Montana, the Denver & Rock Island Thomas C. Marshall, of the law firm of Marshall & Stiff,
Development Co. owns and is now successfully operat- Missoula, Montana; besides Anton and Felix Putz. other
ing a large and valuable group of mines and mining well known Pittsburghers on the Board of Directors of
claims. The thirty-two claims owned by the company the Denver & Rock Island Development Co. are: J. A.
cover an area of 640 acres. The property is situated Gartlan, broker and oil producer; Henry P. Gilg, secnear
the Missoula cut-off of the Northern Pacific Rail- retary "' the Refined Iron & Steel Co.; George B.
road, and is about midway between Missoula, Montana Motherall, attorney, of the firm of Reed. Smith. Shaw
and Wallace, Idaho, d'he mines are regarded as about & Beal; P.. II. Mengel, private secretary to Anton Lutz;
the best developed so far in the St. Regis mining dis- in addition to the secretary of the company, the directors
trict. The company also possesses all the water rights who live outside of Pittsburgh are: Dr. Franz Roempel,
of Pock Creek "' ^ew ^ "n

3&a s T O R Y O F S U R G H
rie.l consists chiefly of ..re. lumber, fuel and general mer­
chandise. Its present length of line is fifty miles, with
an additional mileage of fifteen now under contract, and
mie hundred and twenty m..re surveyed and located.
The officers and directors tire S. P.. (dill, president;
John II. AA'ilson. vice-president; AW (r. Muzzy, secretary
and treasurer; Thomas Ah Armstrong. Jno. R. McGinley,
Wm. P. Floyd, C. 1). Armstrong, John P. Aliller and L.
J. Brecht.
THE PITTSBURGH PP.AD MINING COM­
PANY—One of the most valuable lead and silver mines
in Idaho is owned by the- Pittsburgh Lead Alining Company.
Originally the property consisted of about 500
acres of mining claims on Nine Aide- Creek, nearly two
miles north ..f Wallace. 'I'he company, capitalized at
$1,000,000, was organized in 1905. Through its activity
the nil.level..pel claims mi Nine Mile Creek have
been proven t.. be very rich in lead and silver. Knowing
the value of its holdings, the company is proceeding
with its work systematically providing for future development
as well as present profit. In the mine about
fifty men are employed. On the property a 250-ton concentrating
mill has been erected. Since its completion
in March, 1907, the mill has been operated daily. The
yield of the mine, after being put through the mill, is
shipped by the car-load t.. the works of the Pennsylvania
Smelting Company tit Carnegie, Pennsylvania, d'he ore
thus shipped averages ^y per cent, lead, and the silver
runs about 80 ounces to the ton.
The offices of the Pittsburgh Lead Alining Company
tire tit Wallace, Idaho, and in the Berger Building, Pittsburgh.
The officers of the company are: Henry F. Collins,
President: (',. B. Obey. Vice-President, and S.
Seyerence, Secretary and Treasurer.
THb] PITTSBURGH-OAXACA MINING COM­
PANY— Prom the mines of southern Mexico the partially
civilized Aztecs extracted the traditional wealth of
the Montezumas. Ever since the time of Cortez, AP-xico
litis been famous for its gold production. But never before
in till the varied history of the neighboring republic
were the rewards of mining so great or so generally
distributed tis thev tire to-day. Largely through Yankee
enterprise, assisted by American capital, ancient mines in
Alexic are again yielding golden dividends, and later
discoveries of even greater value are being developed
most successfully. One of the richest gold-producing
districts in Mexico is located in the State of Oaxaca.
Of the coming mines of ( );ixaca, the most important are
the properties of the Pittsburgh-Oaxaca Alining Company.
Ihe holdings of the company comprise five claims
(an area of 235 acres) in the municipality of San Bartola,
Zotulu, District of Nochixtlan. The company also
owns a mill site ,, the San Antonio River, within 1,000
feet of the track of the Alexican Southern Railroad.
Prmn the mill site to the various mine entrances an aerial
tramway can easily be constructed. -As its properties
tire milv twelve miles frmn the city of Oaxaca and are
readily reached, the company is not confronted with any
serious or costly transportation difficulties. Nor need it
ever fear molestation in the form of litigation concerning
its titles. Every requirement of law pertaining to the
claims litis been carefully and fully complied with, and
perfect, indisputable titles in due course have been issued
by the Alexican Government.
Before entering upon the undertaking, the Pittsburgh-
Oaxaca Alining Company exercised great caution. It
employed competent engineers and practical mining men
to make exhaustive examinations. Though the reports
made on the property were uniformly favorable, the
company made further tests, continuing at considerable
expense its painstaking investigations. AA'hen by thor­
ough research the values of the properties were substantially
indicated, the claims were acquired.
Locally the Pittsburgh-Oaxaca workings are called
the Soledad and the Zavaleta mines.
Two well-defined veins traverse the Zavaleta property.
Ihe upper or San Juan vein is from four to six
feet wide. In width the lower or Victoria vein is from
12 to 17 feet. On the lowest place on the property was
sunk a shaft 210 feet dee-]). This was done to determine
whether or not with depth the vein decreased in width or
value. By this experiment wtis proven that in the Zavaleta
mine the vein not only maintains its size, but increases
in richness s far as the shaft has gone down.
By driving in five tunnels, by drifting along the vein
4.470 feet, by winzes and upraises having a total length
..f 000 feet, by putting in 650 feet of cross-cuts to date,
wtis shown not only the continuity of the vein and its
uniformity of width, but also the unvarying excellence
of the ..re. Though the work is only fairly begun, that
which is now blocked out, to the extent that it is exposed
mi three sides in the Zavaleta mine, shows over 25,000
tons of ..re that will yield in gold from $9.00 to $30.00
per t.m. These values tire based mi mill returns and battery
samples taken in milling the last 10.000 tons, and
from over 500 assay samples obtained frmn the different
ore faces of the mine.
A very important item in connection with the working
>.f the Zavaleta mine is the abundant anel constant
water power which the company owns. This greatly
reduces the est of mining and milling the ore.
In the- equipment of the Pittsburgh-Oaxaca mines
up to date over $200,000 has been honestly and judiciously
expended.
At the Zavaleta mine in a large and substantial mill
budding, roofed and sided with corrugated iron, has
been installed a ten-stamp mill (950-lb. stamps) with
grizzly, a 7x11 I lodge crusher, and two Challenge ore
feeders. Power is supplied by a four-foot Hug water

H S T () R Y () S I" R G 281
.1 v>
wheel and a 9-K.-W. Bullock electric generator. Op­ having a par value of $1.00 per share. I'he company is
erated in the mine are two "Gardner electrics" with four
sets of drills. In the mine already laid is t,6oo feet of
track. The mine is equipped with every needful modern
appliance for a working of its size, and the Zavaleta
mill is provided with every facility for economical and
successful operation. Near the Zavaleta mine tire built
dwellings for the superintendent and his assistants, ten
houses for workmen, tin assay office, a store and a large
ore bin.
The Soledad is a mine of undoubted antiquity. Prob­
ably it was worked long ago by the Aztecs. Evidently
mining operations were afterwards continued there by
the Spaniards. In the ruins of ancient and extensive
reduction works mi the property tire over 1,000 tmis of
tailings that will run from $5.00 to $8.00 in gold to tin-
ton, ddiere is carved mi ;m old archway in the ruins tin
intimation that a Spanish structure vv as erected in "A. I).
1541." The natives now know nothing of when or why
the mine was abandoned. About the place still linger
some vague traditions. In the days of the "conquistadores"
there wtis a fabulously rich gold mine in the
vicinity of Oaxaca. That is about till the information
on the subject the old archives contain. Vet there is
reason to believe that the work now being prosecuted
may show that the Soledad is in fact one of the lost
mines from which the Montezumas drew the great supplies
of gold that filled their storehouses. The evidences
of former operations are strong and adequate indications
of the mineral riches hidden somewhere in this locality.
The expectation that a famous lost mine may be rediscovered
is strengthened by the development work that
has been done tit the Soledad mine.
Though not quite so extensively equipped tis yet tis
the Zavaleta, the Soledad mine litis to the extent oi its
present requirements a complete supply of accessories
and machinery.
The Pittsburgh-Oaxaca Mining Company was or­
ganized on November 4, 1904, and the capital stock,
$50,000, was taken at par by the incorporators. The
money thus obtained was used principally in investigating
and in acquiring the claims. The property then wtis
undeveloped. On it at that time there were no improve­
ments; in it, until a considerable amount of work was
done, there was the usual uncertainty. Not until after
the worth of the mines was well proven, not until it was
absolutely shown that the expenditures required for
equipment and development eventually by the output of
the mine would lie more than justified, did the founders
of the company permit an outsider to invest a dollar in
the enterprise.
After it was proven that the proposition actually
possessed great possibilities, to procure the funds required
for development purposes the capitalization was
increased to $1,000,000. The capital stock, fully paid
and non-assessable, was divided into 1.000,000 shares
incorporated under the laws of Delaware.
Ihe offices of the company are located in Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, in Wilmington, Delaware, and < )axaca,
Mexico.
The officers of the company are: AA'. J. Burke,
President: P. J. Kane, Vice-President; AI. J. Gannon,
Secretary and Treasurer; AA'. II. Baird, General Manager,
and George Dubois. Mexican Counsel. On the
directorate of the Pittsburgh-Oaxaca Alining Company
tire: \\'. J. Burke, AI. J. Gannon, A. W. Lewis, J. H.
Brown, P. J. Kane, T. X. Barnsdall, J. Ah Mclnerney
and Bruce I )avis.
The stock of the company is registered with the
Provident Trust Company of Allegheny, Pennsylvania.
The United States Banking Company of Oaxaca, Mexico,
is its Mexican depository. Besides the above the
company gives tis bank references the First National
Bank ( Harry P. Stewart, Cashier), of Woodsfield, Obi...
and the First National Bank ( AA'. C. Turner, Cashier),
of Casey, Illinois.
As becomes men ..f large means and eminent standing,
the officers and directors of the company are
staunchly and successfully endeavoring t

3»4 T O R Y O F U G F
cers and members, a combination which has given the
enterprise the highest standing and great success.
The officers of the company are: Col. J. Ah Guffey,
the widely known oil operator and political leader, presi­
dent; A. \A'. Mellon, a prominent Pittsburgh banker, vice-
president, and Thomas 1'.. McKaig, a trained business
man, secretary and treasurer. The other directors or
members tire: IP H. Jennings. X. P. (lark, AI. P. Ale-
Mullen, George 1'.. Motheral, ..f Pittsburgh, and Ah
Murphy, ..f Philadelphia, 'flu- company wtis established
in [89] for the purpose of the mining and treatment of
precious mineral-bearing ores. It litis 250 employees,
and $6,000,000 capital. It has been the policy of the
company to issue neither bonds or preferred stock.
ddie mines are located in ( Kvyhee County, near Silver
Lake, Idaho, the principal
office being tit Covington,
Ky., and the- business office
at Pittsburgh, Pa.
Ibis company litis paid
nearly $^,000,000 in dividends.
TREASURY TUN­
NEL MINES CORPO­
RATION—The Treasury
Tunnel Alines Corporation
wtis organized several years
tig.. bv a party of Pittsburgh
capitalists and mining
experts to develop extensive
mining properties in
the vicinity of Red Mountain,
Ouray County, Colorado.
The company was incorporated
under the hiw -
..f the State of Delaware
and litis tin authorized capital
stock of $7,000,000. divided
int.. 700,000 shares ..I
a par value of $10 each.
TAMES
This stock is fully paid and non-assessable, and carries
no individual liability in any way whatever.
AA'ils.m Aliller is president of the company, which litis
its general offices in the Farmers' Bank Building, Pittsburgh;
A. P. Burchfield is vice-president: John Ha,nilton,
treasurer; John G. Bright, secretary, and W. P
Hammond. Jr., general manager.
The properties of the company tire situated about ten
miles frmn the town of Ouray, and about twelve miles
frmn Silverton, being connected will, both by means of a
wagon road, and with the latter by the Silverton Railroad,
which litis built a spur t the mills and compressor
buildings.
The properties consist of 54 lode mining claims
which are all in the immediate vicinity of the portal of
the main tunnel, which has been driven under the patented
property for a distance of over a mile.
The mines tire well developed, and many surface
improvements, including the construction of power and
engine houses, stamp mill, a covered tramway six hundred
feet in length, compressor building, large storage
bins, blacksmith shop and repair shops, etc., have been
completed. The equipment of the mines and tunnel is of
the best.
JAPAN OILS
A PRESERVER AND BEAUT1F1ER OF PAINT THAT PITTSBURGH HAS
MADE FAMOUS
|apan oils, used tis a preserver and beautifier of paint.
are made in Pittsburgh and used till over the civilized
world. In this, Pittsburgh's
superiority in special lines
is again shown. I'he average
person not connected
with the trade has little appreciation
of the extent to
which Japan oils made in
Pittsburgh are superseding
linseed oil, the old-time
standard among painters.
Tank cars loaded to the
brim with Japan oils are
sent out of Pittsburgh
every day consigned to till
points of the compass, and
the product has long been
a standard in painting railroad
cars, stations and
other big and small work.
JAMES h. SIPF &
CO.—d'he success of the
firm of James B. Sipe &
Co. is directly attributed to
1. sipe the merits of the now widely
famous Sipe's Japan Oil.
Ihe- Sipe's product is not a substitute for linseed oil.
nor is it an imitation of anything mi the market. Its
definite qualities are due to a composition peculiar to itself.
Sipe's Japan ( )il combines all the good qualities
>.f linseed oil with other products that add to the life of
paint. For binding and holding paints either to wood
..r metallic surfaces it is superior to pure linseeel oil.
he-cause of its demonstrated utility and value, Sipe's
Japan Oil litis everywhere the unqualified approval of
practical painters, ddie results obtained through its use-
have advertised its merits. The high repute which it
has in the paint trade throughout the Udiited States is
due- undoubtedly t.. its manifest excellence. Its evident
advantages have made its use obligatory in the best work.
By over 150 railroad and car companies in the country.

T FI E S ( ) R Y 0 F T T S P. I' R G t85
applied to freight, baggage and express cars, trucks,
roofs, bridges and depots, till of which tire subject to
conditions of weather and wear destructive to paint, it
has been found to be highly efficient. For house-painting,
too, susceptible of being mixed with tmv pigment, it is
equally serviceable.
It works easily, dries rapidly; mie hour after appli­
cation the hardest rain will not wash it off; it prevents
chalking, cracking and scaling of paint; for repainting ,t
is one of the best things known, as it sinks inf.. the old
coatiiv and adds new life to it; tils., it serves to unite
additional coats of paint when applied mie upon another.
The oeneral offices of James P. Sipe e\: Co. are tit
400 Federal Street, Allegheny. A branch office is main­
tained at 63 A'an Buren Street, Chicago.
INK
SUFFICIENT PITTSBURGH INK USED ANNUALLY TO FLOAT AN
ARMORED CRUISER
To try and conceive the extent to which ink must
enter into the tremendous business activities of the Pitts­
burgh district would appall a person, d'he amount used
annually would probably float a battleship mi an indigo
sea. Millions of letters must be written daily. The
amount of mucilage used is no small item. It is not to
be wondered, then, that a Pittsburgh company makes
these products right at home and litis built a great business.
Besides, Pittsburgh ink and mucilage is sold till
over the country.
THE J. C. SWEARINGEN INK COMPANY-
The J. C. Swearingen Ink Company manufactures all
kinds of writing fluids, library paste, label gums, liquid
and padding glues, mucilage, bluings, etc., every .me ol
which products is invented by the president ol the com­
pany, Mr. J. C. Swearingen.
It makes a specialty of its Blue Black Writing Fluid
for records. After experimenting for twenty-three years,
this ink was brought to its present state of perfection 111
1888 and formed the working basis for the organization
of the present company. This company began life 111 a
small dark cellar in 1888; and from this obscure beginning
has been built up ti business warranting the erection
of a fine stone and brick factory covering a floor space
of T2,ooo feet, equipped with all the modern appliances
and conveniences. It has an authorized capital of $1,-
000,000, $69,600 of which is issued, one-half common.
and one-half preferred. There are no mortgages nor
loans, and it discounts all bills.
The excellence of its products is proved bv thenwidespread
use by railroads, banks, schools, corporations
and business houses in general, and their indorsement by
representative authorities and experts in its hue of busi­
ness.
The officers and directors are all men of such well
known and successful business standing as to need no
introduction to the public 'Ihe president is J. C. Swear­
ingen, 'lb..s. Wightman is vice-president, and J- D.
Swearingen is secretary and treasurer.
HYDROGEN BURNERS AND STOVES
THE ONLY MANUFACTURER IN THE WORLD OF THESE
GOODS PART OF PITTSBURGH
Among Pittsburgh's diversified industries are a num­
ber that are the milv manufacturers in their line in the
world, or among the- very few. Such an industry is the
making of hydrogen burners and stoves, which is another
method of gas fuel. Ibis manufacturer litis a far greater
task than be who makes some well-known article of gen­
eral use, for be- must first convert the buying public and
then sell bis g P. That the converting process is succeeding
is easily attested by the volume of stiles, and the
demand for the hydrogen burner and stove is growing
each year.
NATIONAL HYDROGEN-BURNER ex- STOVE
CO.— It has been tin established fact f.»r many years
among chemists and others in the heating line that water
gas could be burned with great heating results; but it
wtis left to Air. Edward < \. Mummery, of Detroit. Michigan,
to demonstrate how it could be utilized and controlled
successfully. The new patented burner was taken
up by several Pittsburgh men .and demonstrated by them
in several cities with success.
The National Hydrogen-Burner makes its own fuel
by using two-thirds of water to one-third of oil natural
gas or crude alcohol; and can be used with great economy
in any stove or furnace that has a fire-box. There is
positively no danger of an explosion, as the gases pro­
duced by it have an outlet tit till times.
d'he burner is composed of iron pipes, and sizes are
made according to the size of the fire-box in the residence
or power plant; the entire burner is regulated by
one valve.
When the oil or gas is lighted it heats the burner, and
the water is made into steam in the generator: this causes
the water to feed int.. the generator, and when the gas
or oil is turned off, the water ceases to How. d'he water
at all times stands in the generator, and when heated it
is turned on to steam and rises to the superheating pipes.
These superheating pipes turn the steam into dry hydrogen
and oxvgen, which mixes with the gas or oil and
c.nnes out of the burner as a perfect gas.
ddie burner has been thoroughly tested, and proved to
make a more intense heat with a smaller est (if used
in-..perlv I than can be produced by any other fuel.
Where gas is used at present, the cost of it can be
greatly reduced by using the water burner in conneclj,,n
vvith it. It goes without saying that there is no
sinoke connected with this burner, giving manufacturers

3S6 S R A' O U R G H
tm opportunity to avoid the smoke nuisance that has been
so much the bane of Pittsburgh.
The National Hydrogen-Burner e\: Stove Co. wtis
incorporated January 22. 1907, for the manufacturing
..I oil and water burners, and gas and water burners.
Ihe main place of business is at 715 Forbes .Street,
Pittsburgh, with the branch office in care of J. K. Pewis,
Youngstown, Ohio, fts trade to date litis been entirely
domestic, the burner being in demand wherever demon­
strated, ddie members of the company tire: Edward
II. Theis, of Pittsburgh, president: Elbert IP Smith, of
Toledo, Ohio, vice-president; P.. AAr. Buechling, of Pittsburgh,
secretary, and James J. Towey, of Kane, Pa.,
treasurer. The directors tire: Edward II. Theis, E. E.
Smith, P.. W. Buechling, J. J. Towey, T. AI. Paisley and
T. H. Hanson.
d'he company can be quoted as saving: "We are
firmly of the opinion that our business litis a very bright
future in the citv of Pittsburgh and vicinity. We find
the heating problem is .me till people tire ready to discuss.
It enters in the every-day life of till."
WHITE METAL
A METAL THAT IS A MANUFACTURING NECESSITY AND DAILY
M0RE IN DEMAND
White metal is growing in favor tis a commercial
necessity more rapidly than any other metal mi the market,
and the two big Pittsburgh concerns engaged in
smelting and refining this product tire kept continually
hard pressed to 1,11 orders. The demand for white metal
as a substitute for silver in the making of trinkets or
other things in which silver is generally used is but onedirection
in which the business shows great growth. As
a manufacturing necessity in commercial life it occupies
a most important position.
Till-: PITTSBURGH WHITE METAL CO.A1-
PANY—The Pittsburgh White Aletal Company is a
prosperous concern capitalized at $200,000 and doing a
business ..f over $600,000 per annum. It manufactures
anti-friction metals and metals for the printing and newspaper
trade, such as linotype, stereotype, electrotype
metals, and solders of till kinds, d'he products of this
company are the best in the market and tire used by till
manufacturers who have use for their line.
d'he firm began business in a very small way in
Allegheny. Air. AI. C. Pine-hart being the originator of
the company. During the first year, 1885. he made the
metals one day and sold them the next, in this grind
laving the foundations for the firm's present reputation
and prosperity. The next year Air. T. P. A. David became
associated with him. putting int.. the firm some
working capital. He was with the 111111 I mm [88.6 to
18118, when he withdrew. Air. P.. IP Rinehart, who tit
that time wtis with the Jmies & Laughlin Steel Co., was
then given a half interest, and he is now manager of the
Xew York branch.
The firm now consists of Marion C. Rinehart and
Edward IP Rinehart, Jr. It employs sixteen men. ddie
main office is tit 51 18-20 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, with
branch offices in Xew York, Cincinnati, Boston and
Philadelphia.
AI. C. Rinehart wtis born in Philadelphia and served
his apprenticeship tis brass founder with Morriss Tasker
& Co. from i860 to 1873, except three years of that
time serving in the Civil AA'ar. He is the practical head
of the firm.
MOVING PICTURES AND FILMS
A NOVEL AND GROWING INDUSTRY THAT COMBINES PLEASURE
WITH PROFIT
d'he moving picture evidently litis come to Pittsburgh
to stay, and ,,, its wake litis come another industry to
swell the great number ,1..vv operating here—that of making
the apparatus. The fact that this is ti new calling has
11.>t prevented it from growing into .me of the more
important in the Steel Citv. Theaters and moving-picture
shows create a big demand in themselves, but tmother
and growing demand is among private families,
churches and others who give occasional entertainments
and consider moving pictures a necessary feature.
PITTSBURGH CALCIUM LIGHT & FILM CO.
— Ihe growth of the moving picture forms of popular
entertainment in the ptist five years litis been marvelous.
To Pittsburgh belongs the credit of originating this business.
One ..f the largest firms dealing in the pictures.
and the equipment which goes with them, is the Pittsburgh
Calcium Light & Film Co., organized in 1905 and
located tit 121 Fourth Avenue.
The idea of forming a company for conducting this
business wtis conceived by R. A. Rowland and ]. P..
Clark. They were engaged in the manufacture of calcium
light, which is the only thing besides electricity
suitable for moving pictures. They started in business
with .me mom and tm office boy. The company now
employs 75 persons. They pay out $4,000 every week
to mie French firm alone for films. 'I'he business of the
company is increasing- at a wonderful rate, and there
seems to be no likelihood of a reaction setting in. AAdierever
a new community springs up, the moving-picture
show is sure to follow, and the popularity of these fivecent
places of amusement does not lag mi account of the
frequent changes of the views that are made, ddie places
giving these shows in the country support ten firms which
make films, half of them being in France whence come
the best films. "I'he picture makers have their own
theaters and actors wb.. throw the performances depicted
..,1 the living celluloid mils, 'fhe films are not
sold, but rented.

T II E S T O R V ( ) S B U R (i 587
HORSES AND MULES
NOTWITHSTANDING THE AUTOMOBILE THE HORSE IS STILL IN
ACTIVE SERVICE
If the automobile is rapidly superseding the horse.
that fact is not particularly noticeable about the horse
and mule sales stables in Pittsburgh. The beloved four-
legged animal seems tis much in demand tis ever. Pitts­
burgh horse dealers scour the stud farms of the country
to supply contractors and others with the best in horse­
flesh. Pittsburgh's hills make necessary the use of tin-
strongest and best horses for heavy hauling, and the city's
teaming horses tire excelled nowhere, d'he importing of
mules for use in mines is tin important feature.
THE ASHER HORSE & MULE CO.—The Asher
Horse & Mule Co. is the successor of A. Asher, who for
about thirty years was proprietor of probably the largest
anel best known horse market in Pittsburgh. The new
company succeeded Mr. Asher in [905 and continues the
business as commission dealers in horses and mules tit
Darragh Street and River Avenue, .Allegheny Citv, Pa.,
where auction sales are held ever}- Monday and Tuesday.
About fifty men are employed, and the capital stock of
the concern is $40,000. John S. ('applaud is president,
and Louis Asher is secretary and treasurer.
This firm started in business in 1905 tit First Avenue
and Ross Street, Pittsburgh, later moving t the
present location in Allegheny, where the business litis
shown a remarkable increase. "A square deal to everyone"
has been the motto of the Asher Horse & Mule Co.
Ibis linn handles horses ..f till classes and mule---.,
doing an annual business of ten million dollars, and
handling on an average 500 head a week, besides doing
the largest mule business in western Pennsylvania.
Every horse and mule is guaranteed to be exactly tis
represented, or money will be- cheerfully refunded.
Ibis firm wtis incorporated in 1005 bv John S.
(applaud, Louis Asher, Alver Pox and \\'. J. Slmbrow.
the latter two later retiring. |..lm S. ('applaud, the president,
came here frmn Wheeling, A\'. Va., in 1905, to
assume the presidency, leaving a large business there that
he had established bv years of hard work and honest
work. .Most of this business he has brought to Pittsburgh.
Louis Asher. the secretary and treasurer of the company,
litis been associated with the horse business of
Pittsburgh for a number of years, having been connected
with his father, A. Asher, for over twenty vears,
and is conceded t be .me of the best judges of horses
and mules in the country.
In speaking of business prospects, a member of the
company said: "We regard Pittsburgh as one of the
I..rem..st bmse markets in the country. Its many hills
and generally rough territory make the automobile tin
impossibility in so far tis hauling anything of anv weight
is concerned. We believe the business will continue to
thrive and grow tis long tis our dealings with the public
tire mi the square, which with us means forever."
PITTSBURGH TERMINAL WAREHOUSE AND TRANSFER COMPANY'S GROUP OF BUILDINGS
WHICH HOUSES 300 TENANTS AND SH[PPERS, COVERS 5 ACRES, AND IS ENTERED ll.R.ac.H irs UNION FREIGHT STATION BY ALL RAILROADS f"R ALL CLASSES OF SHIPMENTS

MM/
T H E P I T T S B U R G H G A Z E T T E T I M E S
The First Newspaper Published West of the Alleghenies—
It Stands To-Day the Strongest Journal in the World's
Greatest Industrial District—More Than 100 Years' Growth
I N America the power of the press is almost
immeasurable. The influence for g 1 that may
be exerted by a newspaper is unrestricted. In
this country, newspapers tire more than chroniclers
ot events ..f the day. In a way they are the
watchful guardians of the public welfare. Witli every
change for the better, with everv movement made f,or
the advancement of the community, state or nation,
newspapers tire intimately associated. In the making of
United States history, frmn colonial times t the present,newspapers
have assisted materially. Even as a man
may be commended rightfully for long and faithful
service, so t.. a newspaper, in proportion to the g 1 it
litis dmie, is due respect and consideration. .A paper
that served the people before Washington was inaugurated,
a paper that endured till the changes which have
occurred since, ti paper that, braving the vicissitudes of
122 years, is recognized as the strongest journal in the
world's greatest industrial district, is, of right, entitled
t.. distinction among its contemporaries. Such honors.
unshared with any rival, undoubtedly belong to Tin-:
Pittsburgh Gazette Times, the first newspaper established
west ..f the .Alleghenies. the leading newspaper in
this part of the country to-day.
In [786 a cluster of log huts protected by a blockhouse,
called Fort Pitt, constituted Pittsburgh. In that
year to the remote post .m the far western frontier
came John Scull and Joseph I Pill. ( )n the backs of pack
horses, over the rough trail, frmn Philadelphia, they
brought a little printing press, some type and a small
supply of paper. In a log cabin on the Monongahela
River bank', at the end >.l Chancery Lane, thev established
a primitive printing office. Soon afterward,
through the urging ..I I high II. Breckinridge, a lawyer
388
and the local leader of the Federal party, Scull and Hall
decided to publish a weekly newspaper. Breckinridge
agreed to edit the publication. The first issue of The
Pittsburgh Gazette appeared on Julv 26, 1786.
The original subscription price of the paper was "17
shillings and (. pence per year." Advertising was paid
for tit the rate of "4 shillings a square." In lieu of cash
the publishers accepted furs and skins and various sorts
..f count,-} produce.
In those days there wtis no post-office in Pittsburgh;
in fact, not until 20 years after The (Iazette was established
was there arranged a weekly mail service between
Pittsburgh and Philadelphia. AA'hen finally Pittsburgh
wtis looked up.m tis ..f sufficient importance to possess a
post-office, John Scull, the publisher of The Gazette,
was appointed postmaster. His official duties occupied
but a small portion of his time. This wtis fortunate for
Scull. forpwith the exception of writing the editorials.
be wtis called to perform nearly till the work of getting
.mt "fin-: Gazette. After the paper was printed. Scull
was accustomed to trot around town and leave a copy
tit the house of each subscriber. Sometimes, when the
pack trains frmn Philadelphia failed to arrive and no
white paper could be obtained. Scull printed Tin-: Gazette
mi cartridge paper borrowed frmn the accommodating
commandant of Port Pitt. In June, 1789, Jackson and
Sharpless built a paper mill on Redstone Creek in Fayette
County. Being thus enabled to obtain paper more cheaply
.-md frmn a less distant source of supply, Scull increased
the size of 'fin-: Gazette and reduced the subscription
price to two dollars a year.
( ),, November 10, 1780. 'I'he Gazette, in three lines.
announced the death of Joseph Hall, aged 22 years.
Hall's interest in the paper was acquired by John Boyd,

S T ( ) R Y ) T S B I' R (i 180
but Scull continued to be the prime mover of the enter­
prise. To eke out matters. Scull contributed a part of bis
meagre receipts as postmaster and thus kept the paper
alive. In 1880, Lawyer Brackenridge left the Federal
Party and threw till his influence in favor of the anti-
Federalists. Scull refused to swerve his political al­
legiance, and a change of editors occurred. .After the exit
of Brackenridge, editorials for The Gazette were writ­
ten, for a while, mainly bv Morgan Neville. Brackenridge
and others of his way ..l thinking meantime set up tm op­
position paper called the "free of Life." Political differences
created bitter animosities. Editorial attacks culminated
in libel suits, assaults
and challenges to light duels.
Ere the conflict of 1812
was precipitated The Gazette
wtis averse to war.
Pike other Federalist organs,
it urged a pacific settlement
of difficulties with
England. Put when war
with Britain wtis assured,
no paper supported the Federal
Government more patri.
itically t 1, a n 'In e ( Gazette.
Its extra editions,
containing news brought in
two days from Washington,
were then looked upon as
"prodigious feats of journalism."
.After "guiding The (i.\zette"
for thirty years, mi
August 1. 1816, John Scull
transferred his interest in
the paper to his son, John I.
Scull, with vvlimii wtis asso­
ciated Morgan Neville, who
for years had been the editor
of the journal. Published
in Pittsburgh tit this
time were two other papers,
the "Commonwealth" and
the "Mercury," but The
President of the Till
Gazette, the favorite of the Federalists, wtis so well
sustained and prosperous that it successfully changed
inf.. a semi-weekly.
In March, [820, Eichbaum and Johnson bought The
Gazette, and under their ownership the paper wtis entitled
'I'he Gazette and Manufacturer and Mercantile
Advertiser, 'flu's top-heavy appellation con­
tinued for two years, until the paper passed into the control
of David AI. MacLean; then again it wtis issued as
The Gazette. In September. [829, MacLean sold 'fin-:
Gazette to Neville B. Craig, who conducted it tis a semi-
weeklv until [833, when it appeared tis a daily. At that
time the only daily paper published west ..I the Al­
legheny Mountains, 'fin-: Gazette exerted politically a
powerful and far-reaching influence, Under ( raig's
management it was made the organ >>i the anti-Masonic
Party. It wtis noted I'm- its opposition to till secret or
oath-bound societies. Especially in [842 it fought against
the nomination of Henry (lav for the Presidency because
..f bis Masonic affiliations.
What wtis regarded as ,-m extraordinary achievement in
newspaper work appeared in The' Gazette mi March 10.
iS_>(;. President [ackson's message, carried by relays >.i
special couriers, left Washington tit 12:35 P. Ah on
March 8th, and actually arrived
in Pittsburgh at 12:45
P. AI. mi the 9th. Til e
printing of this message in
full, in The Gazette, mi
the follow ing m o r 11 i 11 g.
GEORGE ,'. OLIVER
>burgh Gazette Times
evoked the wildest enthusiasm.
I 11 .A p r i 1. [839,
David Grant, proprietor of
the "Pittsburgh T i 111 e s,"
discontinued the publication
of that paper and transferred
its subscription list
to 'fin-: Gazette. Grant
previously had entered into
partnership with Craig. In
July, 1840, Alexander Ingram,
Jr., acquired ownership
from Craig and Grant.
Craig, with B. F. Kevins as
bis assistant, edited the paper
up to July 29, 1S41
1). X. White, Craig's successor
in the editorial chair,
made 110 immediate change
in the policy of the paper.
In 1842 The Gazette re­
fused to support Clav because
he was a "Masonic
adherent, a slaveholder and
a duelist." But in 1N44
friends of ("1 a v a i .1 e d
Editor White t.. extinguish claims which David Grant
held against The Gazette and the paper very strongly
supported the AA'hig candidate. "Deacon" White managed
'fin: Gazette with great success until September.
1856, when he disposed of the paper t.. Russell Errett
and I). L. Eaton.
During the "Deacon" White regime pine Gray Swisshelm
came to the front tis a champion of the anti-slavery
cause, rivaling Harriet Beecher Stowe in editorial work.
While not advocating suffrage for women, she pleaded
for greater equality of political and social rights, for
higher education and what would tend t.. greater freedom

0O II S ( ) R Y O I T T S V R G H
and independence. She wtis a forceful rather than an triumph in Pennsylvania. Lincoln's majority in Pitts­
elegant writer, a keen critic, and a merciless foe of till that burgh and vicinity was so large that the overwhelmingly
she regarded as wrong or corrupt. At times she was too Republican county was alluded to as the "State of Alle­
radical for even the radical "Deacon" and his co-worker, gheny."
Russell P.rrett, who succeeded to the editorship.
When Port Sumter was fired on The Gazette
Up to this time comparatively little attention had voiced most emphatically the sentiments of the loyal
been given to local news, the entire energies of the editor North. Volunteers to maintain the Union being called
for, nearly every employee of the paper capable of bearing
arms responded. During the war, not only in get­
being devoted to the production of editorials bearing on
questions of State or on foreign matters. Often there
wmild appear several columns of foreign news from four
to six weeks old, with less than a column of local news,
although there wtis much going on in the thriving young
city located at the head of navigation, and headquarters
for news concerning manufactures, shipping and livestock,
ddie advertising columns, bow ever, gave a comprehensive
idea of what wtis
being done in a business wav,
f. ir merchants and traders
appear to have had great
faith in advertising.
Under the editorial management
..f E r r ett a n .1
Houston 'I'he Gazette began
making local news a feature,
especially as to the
court-house and citv hall.
As this made the paper quite
popular, and greatly increased
its circulation, opposition
publications took the
hint and it wtis not long until
there wtis such a rivalry
between local editors that
thev were compelled to employ
news reporters to assist
them. A city editor and
one reporter constituted the
news staff, but during the
exciting times just prior to
the war The Gazette in­
IP THE "GAZETTE,"
ALSO THE PITTSDl
creased its local staff so that
the field was covered in the most able manner.
fhe country was then in the throes of the Fremont-
Buchanan campaign. 'I'he Republican Party, recently organized,
was pitting its strength against Democracy long
intrenched in power. Russell Frrett was one of the
organizers of the new party. When P.rrett and Eaton
obtained The Gazette a mighty impetus was given to
the Republican movement in western Pennsylvania.
Throughout the campaign 'fin: Gazette gained in
strength and influence, d'he Republicans failed to defeat
Buchanan, but the way wtis paved, later, for the
election ..f Abraham Lincoln.
In [859, S. Riddle and J. Ah Alacrum were admitted
t.. partnership. In the succeeding campaign The Gazette
wtis instrumental in aiding greatly the Republican
ting news, 11. .t only in giving aid and encouragement to
the men who were fighting tit the front, but also in procuring
supplies and comforts for the sick and wounded
soldiers, did 'fine Gazette display the greatest zeal and
energy. A^eterans of the Civil War yet speak of the
things that were done in their behalf by The Gazette
in the "early sixties."
PITTSBURGH, PA., IX
KOI I POST-OFFICE
With the opening of the
war 'Ihe Gazette issued an
evening edition to better accommodate
those anxious to
get the latest news from the
front. From this time forward
the management made
a specialty of war and political
news, which led to a
wide circulation. AA'ith the
close of the war the evening
edition was abandoned
and the morning edition
greatly enlarged and improved.
In 1X00 The Gazette
wtis sold to F. B. Penniman,
Josiah King, Nelson P.
Peed and Thomas Houston.
Penniman and Houston became
the editors. This arrangement
w a s maintained
until 1871, when Houston retired
and Henry M. Long,
George AA'. Reed and David
P. I-lemming joined the firm. In 1877 the Commercial
wtis consolidated with 'I'm-: ( Iazette. ddie former paper
had been established in Pittsburgh by C. D. Brigham in
18(14. h wtis staunchly Republican in politics, and on
matters pertaining to commerce and manufacturing was
looked upon tis tm authoritative publication. From a
literary point of view the value of the Commercial was
enhanced by the work of Richard Realf. That the
Commercial wtis merged with it added considerably to
the prestige of The Gazette. In 1883 announcement
was made that title to the property had passed to N. P.
Reed iv. Co. This ownership continued until 1891, when
X. P. Reed died, for nine years thereafter "the estate
of Nelson P. Reed" managed the paper. June 1. 1900.
it was purchased by George T. Oliver. Later on the

T H E S T () R Y O F P I T T s U R G I 39 [
hyphenated nomenclature wtis dropped, and, stronger
than ever, The Gazette st 1 for all that was best in
Pennsylvania journalism.
On May I, 1906, "The Pittsburgh dimes," a strong
and prosperous rival, wtis absorbed by The Gazette
To the vigor and circulation thus gained, the- present
management of The Gazette, now styled The ( Iazette
ij:mes, has added accelerated force each year.
burgh. E x p e 11 s e
scarcely has been
considered in providing
for the paper
e v e r y thin g that
w o u I d contribute
satisfactorily to-
w a r d improving
and extending its
facilities. In capacity
for service and
up-to-date completeness
the mechanical
equipment of The
Gazette ddMES is
hardly equalled any­
where in the country.
Doubtless if he
could see it, John
Scull would be
amazed at sight of
the wonderful printing
plant now utilized
by the journal
he founded, hi the
composing room, insteai
as he brought to Pittsburgh, he vv
ployed 28 improved linotype machines. On the flo. >r
above, in the stereotyping department, he would discover
appliances that for efficiency and speed represent
the latest and greatest achievements in stereotyping. In
the spacious press room down in the basement, with what
wonder would he behold the great Goss "straight line"
presses whirling off from immense rolls rapidly flowing
rivers of folded papers! Though in the beginning he-
was able to carry the entire edition till over town mi his
arm, he would realize that his entire receipts for ti year,
pelts and produce computed tit their highest cash value,
would be insufficient to pay for delivering mie issue now.
He who wtis content to print news a month or two
"Id culd scarcely appreciate the momentous importance
"l the- direct wires, the special news service and the Associated
Press.
Even tis Pittsburgh litis grown from a village of log
Houses to one ol the world's most important cities, so
Of the Pittsburgh Gazette Times George T. Oliveis
President; George S. Oliver, Vice-President a AI tu
ager; David P.. Smith, 'I' reasurer, and Augustus K
Oliver, Secretary.
In its own building, at the
corner of Wood Street and
Ihe Gazette, from Scull's scantily circulated weekly,
litis been evolved into the most widely read and reliable
daily in western Pennsylvania. Only true merit survives.
That The Gazette litis outlived political issues.
thai it has withstood the changes of so many eventful
years, that it litis received the cordial support and tipproval
of succeeding generations, is significant evidence
Oliver Avenue, 'fin: Gazette Times occupies .me of the
most advantageous
positions in Pitts­
ol its worth and usefulness All the while it has grown
larger and better
because it litis honestly
served its purpose,
always.
PITTSBURGH GAZETTE TIMES
AND
PITTSBURGH CHRIINICLE TELEGRAPH
Quality counts
equally with circulation.
Because it is
so widely disseminated,
because it is
so closely studied,
fit E G a z e t t e
I 1 M e s covers a
large field more advantageously
t h a 11
tiny other pap e r
can. It a p p e ti 1 s
strongly and directly
to the intelligent
man; it is a paper
approved by the
vv. .men : its . ipini. ins
tire often quoted;
its editorials carry
weight: its various
d e ]) a r t m e n t s
tire carefully conducted
: invariably
..I" a hatful of type such clean, bright and interesting. I'he Gazette Times, both
mild find busily em- to the reader and advertiser, attests its merit. Because
it is received daily int.. tens of thousands of homes, be­
cause it is read and appreciated by the entire household,
'fin-: Gazette Times, as tm advertising medium, gives
constantly the best results.
'I'he Pittsburgh district to-day is the busiest workshop
f the world. It is the natural center not only of
the iron and steel trade, but of other great and ever growing
industries. Wealth surpassing any previous production
ever seen litis been created within the past few years
in the territory through which The Gazette dd.\n-:s
chiefly circulates. .A newspaper is known by its environment.
'I'he Gazette Times is typical of Pittsburgh.

G. M. Alexander & Sox
Allegheny Cornice & Skylight Co.
The Allegheny Plate Glass Company
Orville Henry .Allerton, Jr.
Alling & Cory
Alpha Portland Cement Compa XV
The American Bridge Company
American Locomotive Company
American Oil Development Com
The American Sheet & Tin Pl.vi
The American Steel & Wire (
American Water Works & Guara NT ('(
Ammon ex. Little . . .
The Anchor Savings Bank
The Arbuthnot-Stephenson Com NY
Joseph Gray Armstrong .
John D. Armstrong & Co. . .
The Armstrong Cork Company
The Aronson Enterprises .
The Asher Horse & Mule Co.
Avey & Irish
IP V. Babcock & Co
Bailey-Farrell Manufacturing C OM VJ NY
The Bank of Pittsburgh, X. A
Hon. Andrew Jackson Barchfeld
Barnes Safe & Pock Co.
James Elder Barnett
George T. Barnsley
The J. C. Barr Company
James H. Beal ...
The Berger Building
Berkshire Liee Insurance Company
The Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad
Billquist & Lee ....
The Blaine Coal Company
Francis Louis Blair . .
Reed F. Blair & Co. . . .
William Augustus Blakeley
Franklin P. Booth
Booth & Flinn, Ltd. .
Col. Henry P. Bope
John Bradley
Bradnock & Barger
William James Brennen
John D. Brown . .
I N D E X
PAGE
287
356
106
329
292
276
204
243
[89
144
37o
58
43
326
107
47
360
''4
387
65
290
2>)f)
-'4
107
36]
73
94
95
76
69
56
316
95
108
200
76
108
265
10S
109
265
77
77
Bent. P. Brundred ....
PAGE
I IO
The Buckeye Sand Company .
In e .A. P. Budd < 'oal ( 'o.m pany
2CJ4
The Buffalo, Rochester & Pitts L'l HI AILway
Co
3' 3
I he J. ('. Buffum Company
354
James Francis Burke
77
Clarence Burleigh ....
78
Loutellus Atrigue Burnett
110
The Butler County National B
25
'I'me ('.vi'i-: Fulton
377
Cambria Brewing Company
35o
The "C. P. Campbell Insurance
39
Irvin King ( ampbeli
111
Carbon Steel Company
•47
Hon. Thomas 1). Carnahan
78
Ax drew Carnegie
111
The Carnegie Coal Company
223
The Carnegie Natural Gas Com I' V NY -'44
The Carnegie Steel Company
149
The Carroll-Porter Boiler & 'f.v Co. 205
The Carter Electric Company
282
The Central District ix- Prin I X
graph Co
Tei JE-
3-22
James Graham Chalfant
"5
Chambers Window Glass Compan
356
Childs ex Guilds
48
James A. Clark
116
W. L. Clark Company
59
The Clifford-Capell Pan Company
217
The AI. O. Coggins Company .
33?
I [ox. Josiaii Cohen ....
79
Hon. AA'illiam Henry Coleman
116
Collingwood ex: Son ....
59
The Colonial Trust Company
35
The Columbia National Bank
23
Commonwealth Trust Company
36
Hon. .A. P. Confer . . . .
247
Connolly-Fanning Company .
Conroy, Prugh ex. Co
333
337
Cooke-Wilson Electric Supply C OM PA NY 30-'
William E. Corey ....
183
AA'illiam Evans Crow
79
Crutchfield & Woolfolk .
334
R. AA'. Cummins
79

pauk
John Dalzell 11 —
Damascus Bronze Company 360
Livingston Llewllyn Davis 80
W. II. Davis 117
'fin: Dawes Manufacturing Company . . 305
'I'he Denver & Pock Island Development Co. 381
John X. Dersam 117
'I'he Devonian Oil Company 245
Paul Didier 95
The IP M. Diebold Lumber Company . . . 291
AA'illiam Dodds 118
The Doubleday'-Hili. Electric Company . 302
Douglass & McKnight 96
The Dravo Contracting Company .... 265
P. G. Dun & Co 54
Duquesne Sanitary Company 297
Duquesne Steel Foundry Company . . . 152
John Eaton 209
The Eclipse Lubricating Oil AA'orks . . . 257
Edwards, George & Co 60
John Eichleay, Jr., Company 266
Electric Renovator Manufacturing Company
366
Empire Oil Works (A. P. Confer) .... 245
Harry David AA^illiams English . ... 118
The Epping-Carpenter Company .... 216
Equitable Life Assurance Society . . . $j
Charles Aloysius Fagan 80
John Andrew Fairman 119
The Farmers' Deposit National Bank . . 2^
The Federal National Bank . . . . . 26
d'HE Ferguson Contracting Company . . . 266
Fidelity' Title & d'Ri'ST Co t,j
First Xational Bank of Connellsville, Pa. 2-
T111: First National Bank of Pittsburgh . 26
First National Bank of Uniontown, Pa. . 27
The Firth-Sterling Steel Company . . . 133
Lewis AA'arner Fogg 119
Hon. Thomas J. Ford 81
Arthur Osman Fording 81
'I'he Fort Pitt Forge Company T54
'fine Fort Pitt Malleable Iron Company . 134
Ihe Fort Pitt Supply Company 297
Henry Clay Frick T20
The Frick Building 71
Galena-Signal Oil Company 258
The Garland Corporation . . . . . . . 194
Elbert H. Gary 187
James Gayley 121. 185
George Brothers 66
ITie German National Bank 2H
INDEX
PAGE
The German Savings & Deposit Bank . . 44
The Germania Savings Bank 44
David L. Gillespie 291
P. G. Gillespie 248
The T. A. Gillespie Company 2U7
XV. J. Gilmore Drug Company 329
'fin: Bernard Gloekler Company . . . . 304
J. H. Goehring ' . .66
George Breed Gordon 81
'I'he Graham Nut Company 195
The Great Lakes Coal Company . . . . 223
'I'he Great Shoshone & Twin Falls AA'ater
Power Co 370
The Gl'arantee Title & Trust Co 38
A. Guckenheimer & Brothers 346
James McClurg Guffey 248
Addison Courtney Gumbert 123
Hon. George W. Guthrie 123
Frederick Gwinner 268
Howard Hager Company 269
James B. Haines & Sons 7,2-7
Robert Calvin Hall 48
Alfred Reed Hamilton 124
I. N. Harkless & Co 49
The Heidenkamp Mirror Company . . . 357
Daniel Broadhead Heiner . . . . . .124
H. J. Heinz Company 7,37
Heyl & Patterson 279
George L. Holliday 12 s;
George Mechlin Hosack 81
George Z. Hosack i_>^
The Hostetter Company 349
Hostetter-Connellsville Coke Company . 224
Hotel Anderson 374
Hotel Crystal ^j^
Hotel Gallatin t,j-
The Hotel Henry 375
The Hotel Schenley 376
Houston Brothers Company 286
George Dawson Howell 82
S. A'. Huber & Co 96
Hon. George F. Huff 228
Enoch A. Humphries 226
Robert AA'. Hunt & Co '. 380
John Porter Hunter y,
'I'he Hustead-Semans Coal & Coke Co. . . 226
The Hyde AA'ater-Tube Safety Boilers . . 155
Ihe Ingram - Richardson Manufacturing
Company 055
The Iron City Coal eS: Coke Co 227
Iron City Heating Company 282

pace
Iron City Produce Company 334
Iron City Sand Company 294
Iron City Steel Company 201
Iron City Trust Company ^i;
Thomas AA'. Irwin Manufacturing Company 288
Italo-American Produce Company . . . .-335
Jamison Coal & Coke Co 22-
Evan Jones ex. Co 269
Jones & Laugh 1.1.x Steel Co 135
Edward Lee Kearns 83
Frederick Charles Keighley 123
S. Keighley Metal Ceiling & Manufacturing
Co 289
James Joseph Kelly [26
Kendall Lumber Company 291
Julian Kennedy 97
The D. J. Kennedy Co 286
Key-stone Coal & Coke Co 227
Keystone National Bank 29
The Kidd Brothers & Burgher Steel Wire
Co 158
Fred W. Kieeer 60
The Kier Fire Brick Company 289
William Bredin Kirker 126
The Kittanning Iron & Steel Manufacturing
Co 160
E. C. Kleinman 60
W. L. Knorr 3°3
George L. Kopp & Co 379
Arthur Koppel Company 214
W. N. Kratzer & Co [60
AA'. R. Kuhn & Co 37*
Kuhn Interests 370
La Belle Iron AA'orks 160
William M. Laird 126
Laird & Taylor 33°
Hon. Joseph A. Langfitt 83
Larkin's Metallic Packing Company . . 303
Lawrenceville Bronze Company .... 360
Alfred McClung Lee 84
James AA'. Lee 84
The Lees-AA'illiams Company 201
John Franklin Lent 379
Joseph Leonard Levy 127
Lewis-Findley Coal Company 229
Liberty Manufacturing Company .... 218
Liggett. Lennox e\: Watkins 61
Lincoln National Bank -29
The Lockhart Iron & Steel Co 163
The Logan Company 285
The Love & Sunshine Co 331
INDEX in
PAGE
Francis Thomas Fletcher Lovejoy . . .127
Lucius Engineering & Contracting Co. . . 269
James Lyons 269
H. Allen Machesney 129
Mackintosh, Hemphill & Co 203
Archibald Mackreli . 130
Geo. AA'. MacMullen & Co 30
AA'illiam A. Magee 83
The Manufacturers' Light & Heat Co. . . 230
The Marine Oil Company 232
Harry .A. Marlin 50
John Marron 83
The AIars Oil e\: (Ias Co 253
The Marshall Foundry ('ompany . . . . 165
A. IP Masten & Co 50
Hon. Robert McAfee 128
W. G. McCandless & Sons 61
J. G. McCaskey ex- Co 354
Joseph F. McCaughtry 330
Hon. Samuel Alfred McClung 84
The McClure Company 191
i'he McConway & 1'orley Co 164
James McCrea 307
McCreery & Co. Restaurant t,jj
The McCrum-Howell Company 362
John R. McGinley' 129
The P. McGraw Wool Company 379
W. B. McLean Manufacturing Company . 284
AI. K. McMullin & Co 49
Mellon National Bank 30
C. C. Mellor Company, Ltd 7,jt,
Mesta Machine Company 206
Metropolitan National Bank 31
Metropolitan Trust Company 39
AIajor-General Charles Miller .... 259
AVilliam Ahi.i.er & Sons 270
The Monongahela Natural Gas Company . 234
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co 229
Edwin K. Morse 97
Theo. A. Motheral 61
Edmund \A'. Mudge & Co 201
Municipal e\: Corporation Securities Co. . 53
Robert Bertridge Murray 130
The Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company
55
Mutual Union Brewing Company . . . .351
National Bolt & Nut Co 196
The National Fire Proofing Company . 283
National Hydrogen-Burner & Stove Co. . . 385

IV INDEX
The National Life Insurance Company of
Vermont
fm: National Metal Molding Company
The National Tube Company ....
National Union Fire insurance Company
A. AI. Neeper
Ernest 1). Nevin ....
Nicholson eV Co. . . . .
John P. Ober
Charles Anthony O'Brien
Oil Well Supply Company
George T. Oliver ....
Tin-: Oliver Iron & Steel Co.
The Oliver & Snyder Steel (
The Orient Coke Company
Frederick John Osterling
Eugene W. Pargny
The P.vrrai.i. 6c Durango Railroad Co.
John AI. Patterson
'I'he AA'. W. Patterson Company .
The Penn Bridge Company
The Penn Building
Pennsylvania Glass Sand Company
Pennsylvania Light & Power Co. .
The Pennsylvania Paraeeixe AA'orks
ddiE Pennsylvania Railroad System
The Peoples' National Bank of Pittsburgh
'ITie Peoples' Savings Bank .
The Petroleum Iron AA'orks Company
The Philadelphia Company and Affiliated
Corporations
Phillips Mine & Mill Supply Co. . . .
The Phillips Sheet & Tin Plate Co. . .
The Pittsburgh Art Glass ex- Mosaic Deco
rative Co
Pittsburgh Bank for Savings
Pittsburgh Brewing Company
Pittsburgh Calcium Light & Film Co.
Pittsburgh College of the Holy Ghost
The Pittsburgh Dry Goods Company .
The Pittsburgh Forge & Iron Co.
The Pittsburgh Gazette Times .
The Pittsburgh Lead Mining Company
The Pittsburgh-Oaxaca Mining Company
The Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company
Pittsburgh Screw ex: Bolt Co. . .
Pittsburgh Steel Company'
The Pittsburgh Steel Foundry Company
The Pittsburgh Supply Company .
Pittsburgh Terminal Warehouse and Trans
fer Company
56
363
165
62
86
374
196
P3°
86
207
389
I 08
231
232
98
P31
381
2 54
368
279
73
293
3-^3
261
3°7
3^
45
168
3'9
301
192
359
45
351
386
37^
3?7
388
382
382
358
196
170
P7t
298
3*7
PACE
Pittsburgh Trust Company 40
The Pittsburgh A'alve, Foundry & Construction
Co 218
The Pittsburgh White Metal Company . . 386
The Pittsburgh ex: Allegheny 1'elephone Co. 7,27,
The Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company .. . . 27,2
The Pittsburgh & Butler' Street Railway-
Co 320
The Pittsburgh & AA'estmoreland Coal Co. . 239
Powers & Henry Co 335
The Pressed Radiator Company 363
("hari.es Bohlen Price 131
William Gunn Price 98
Railway Steel-Spring Company . . .172
Real P.state Security Company 66
Hon. James H. Reed 87
Joseph Reid Gas Engine Company . . . . 210
Thomas Reilly 271
Hon. Edmond Homer Reppert Sj
The Republic Bank Note Company . . . 373
The Republic Iron & Steel Co 172
Reymer & Brothers. Inc 342
Joshua Rhodes 202
Andrew Richmond & Son 285
The Riter-Conley Manufacturing Company 280
Francis P. Robbins 230
Andrew C. Robertson 88
Hon. Elliott Rodgers 88
AA'illiam Blackstock Rodgers 88
Rodgers Sand Company 294
F. G. Ross 99
P. A'. Rovnianek & Co 51
Wallace H. Rowe 170
E. F. Rusch (Moerlein Brewing Co.) . . 353
The AA'. P. Russell Box & Lumber Co. . . 367
The Safe Deposit & Trust Co. of Pittsburgh 41
Sankey Brothers 289
Richard Brown Scandrett 89
Adolph Jacob Schaaf 100
The Schenley Farms Company 67
Schoen Steel AA'heel Company 174
Albert Louis Schultz 100
Schulze & Emanuel 291
Seamless Tube Company of America . .17s
Second National Bank of Pittsburgh . . 32
Joseph Seep T ,2
Francis Marion Semans, Ir T33
S. Severance Manufacturing Company . . 196
James B. Sipe & Co 384
John Vincent Sloan 2^4
Edwin Whittier Smith 89

PAGE
George Carson Smith i ^4
The Charles G. Smith Company . . . .219
Lee S. Smith & Son 36s
The S. R. Smythe Company 272
AA'illiam P. Snyder & Co 170
AI ax Solomon 200
The Standard Chain Company 197
Standard Horse Nail Company 198
Standard Sanitary Manufacturing Company
299
Standard Scale & Supply Co 364
The Standard Steel Car Company . . . 215
The Standard Tin Plate Company . . . 193
The Star Brewing Company 352
The Sterling Steel Foundry Company . .177
James Stewart & Co 272
AA'illiam C. Stillwagen 89
Robert E. Stone 134
James L. Stuart 274
Simon H. Stupakoff 101
Superior Steel Company 178
Hon. J. AI. Swearingen 90
The J. C. Swearingen Ink Company . . . 385
Emil C. P. Swensson 101
Paul Synnestvedt 90
Edward J. Taylor 102
Samuel Alfred Taylor 102
Taylor ex.- Dean 179
W. J. Tener & Co 68
J. A'. Thompson 133
W. If Seward Thomson 90
The Titusville Forge Company 179
Tower Hill Connellsville Coke Company . 240
The C. C. ix: P.. P. Townsend Co 107
Trade Dollar Consolidated Mining Company
383
Tranter Manufacturing Company . .211
Treasury Tunnel AIines Corporation . 384
The Treat e\: Crawford Interests .... 255
AA'illiam Thomas Tredway 90
Robert Maurice Trimble 103
I'iii: Twin Palls North Side Land e\: AA'ater
Co 371
The Union Drawn Steel Company . . 180
I. GOLOMANN CO.. PRINTERS
NEW YORK
INDEX
Union Electric Company
Union-Fidelity 'Fitle Insurance Company
Union Insurance Company of Pittsblrgh
The Union National Bank of New Brigh
ion. Pa
The Union National Bank of Pittsburgh
Union Natural Gas Corporation
Union Steel Casting Company
The Union Trust Company
The PInited Coal Company
United Engineering & Foundry Co.
United Iron & Steel Co.
Ltnited States Glass Company
The United States Macaroni Fa CTORY
The United States Steel Corpor vrio.x
f.dward ii. utley
Hon. J. Q. Van Swearingen
Murray A. Verner ....
P.. II. Voskamp's Sons
Vulcan Crucible Steel Company
Watkins & Dunbar ....
David T. Watson
'fin: Waverly Oil AA'orks .
A. Leo AA'eil
The West Penn Railways Com p.
George Westinghouse
The Westinghouse Interests
Whann Lithia Springs Water
Scott A. White
Whitney, Stephenson e\ Co. .
Ihe Whyel ("oke Company
'I'he W. G. Wilkins Company .
A. ix- S. Wilson Co
The Wilson-Snyder Manufacti
PANY
William Witherow ....
Jo 11 x .A. Wood, Jr
James Fleming Woodward .
Arthur G. A'ates
Rev. Samuel Edward Young .
I'm-: Young, Mahood Company
Ernest Zimmerli
The Zug Iron & Steel Co.
ny
Kl NG Co
3°3
63
62
34
33
256
181
42
241
181
182
358
34i
i«3
316
91
137
33i
187
69
9r
2 37
92
321
211
21 1
342
287
5'
242
103
^73
216
'38
52
'3*
3i3
[38
33^
69
188