Analytical and Forensic Toxicology

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Anion Gap Reliability AG = Na + - (Cl - + HCO3 - ) • MUDPILES • Cyanide, CO, Acetaminophen, Toluene, Theophylline, Hydrogen Sulfide • Increase unmeasured anions • Dehydration, sodium salts, antibiotics • Decreased unmeasured cations • Mag, Ca, <strong>and</strong> K
Anion Gap Reliability • Hypercalcemia • Hypermagnesemia • Hyperkalemia • Lithium • Multiple myeloma Low Anion Gap • Hypoalbuminemia • Bromism • Iodism • Nitrate excess
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Analytical and Forensic Evan S. Sch
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Content • Core Content of Medical
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• Waived • Moderate complexity
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Magic Answer Box? • Old methodolo
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Testing “You’re fired, Jack. Th
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Assay Methods • Chromatography
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• Salicylates • • • Spot Te
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Co-oximetry • Spectrophotometry u
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Spectrochemical • Produce light a
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Immunoassays • Created due to nee
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Non-competitive “Sandwich” assa
Page 29 and 30: Competitive From Goldfranks 9th edi
Page 31 and 32: Immunoassays • Old - radio immuno
Page 33 and 34: Magnetic Microparticle Goldfranks 9
Page 35 and 36: Rf = Rf migration distance of subst
Page 37 and 38: TLC Goldfranks 9th edition
Page 39 and 40: TLC Drawbacks • Multiple steps
Page 41 and 42: Reverse phase chromatography • No
Page 43 and 44: HPLC
Page 45 and 46: Gas Chromatography • Expensive
Page 47 and 48: Mass Spectrometry • Can serve as
Page 49 and 50: MS Limits • Cannot separate enant
Page 51 and 52: GC/MS • Expensive equipment • M
Page 53 and 54: Hair Analysis • Hair grows ~1 cm/
Page 55 and 56: • Amphetamines • Cannabinoids
Page 57 and 58: • • • • • Tetrahydrocanna
Page 59 and 60: • Dronabinol • Efavirenz • NS
Page 61 and 62: “Poppy Seed” Defense 6-MAM
Page 63 and 64: Methadone False Positives • Queti
Page 65 and 66: • Benzodiazepines Metabolized to
Page 67 and 68: Nasal Inhalers • Can contain l-me
Page 69 and 70: Federal Cutoffs (ng/mL) Substance S
Page 71 and 72: Specimen Validity • Appearance
Page 73 and 74: In Vitro Adulteration “Add after
Page 75 and 76: Others • Acids and bases (i.e. le
Page 77 and 78: Questions?
Page 79: Butrylcholinesterase • Malnutriti
Page 83 and 84: • • • Forensics Aid medical /
Page 85 and 86: Medical Review Officer • • Lice
Page 87 and 88: Post Mortem Toxicology
Page 89 and 90: Specimens • Blood • Reported as
Page 91 and 92: Other sources
Page 93 and 94: Legal Ethanol
Page 95 and 96: The Barman’s Paradox • Legally
Page 97 and 98: 1. Wide turns 2. Straddling / drivi
Page 99 and 100: What’s in a Drink? • 10 oz beer
Page 101 and 102: • Specific gravity 0.8 g/ml • V
Page 103 and 104: • • • • • • “Breathan
Page 105: Photo References 1. http://www.offt
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Analytical and Forensic Toxicology

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