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the reports of various Missions, useful material on the period into which Bhai Vir Singh was born. For this lowe a debt of gratitude to the Director ofthe Centre, the Rev. David. C. Scott. I must similary thank my friend Sri Padam Kumar Jain whose libraryatDehraDun Iusedfreely. Acknowledgements arealso due to Sardar Hakam Singh, Librarian, Punjabi University Library, and Sardar Dharam Singh, my P.A., for their manifold assistance. 24December, 1971 HARBANS SINGH A l-Punjabi University, Patiala Page 4 of 108
Foreword opularly Popularly known as the 'Father of Modern PPunjabi Literature', Bhai Vir Singh was born at the time when movements of religious reform and awakening were swaying the young minds. Born in 1872, a year before the start of the Singh Sabha Movement. Bhai Vir Singh soon became its main inspiration and guiding spirit. He devoted the whole of his life for the rejuvenation of the Sikh community through his writings - novels, poetry and annotation of the sacred text. Through tracts on popular themes, Bhai Vir Singh reached the larger audience. He even started a Punjabi weekly, the Khalsa Samachar, which is continuing till date. Basically a spiritual and elevated soul Bhai Vir Singh shunned worldJly publicity and glamour. He hardly attended any functions or made any public speech. When persuaded to make a speech on the eve of Sikh Educational Conference at Bombay, where he was to be felicitated with an Abinandan Granth, the only words he uttered were 'Wahe Guru Ji Ka Khalsa, Wahe Guru Ji Ki Fateh' and expressed his gratitude by quoting from Gurbani: "Hum Rulte Phirte, Koi Baat Na Poochhta, Gur Satgur Sang KITe Hum Thape". (I was nobody, no one cared for me, I am honoured because of Satguru's grace). Honours came to him unsaught. While the Sahitya Akademy conferred the first Award for Punjabi writing on Bhai Vir Singrh for his book Mere Saniyan Jeo, the Government of India honoured him with Padma Bhushan. Page 5 of 108
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Page 7 and 8: Contents 1. The Milieu." 1 2. Ances
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CHAPTER FIVE Rana Surat Singh Pathe
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