the coking properties of coal at elevated pressures. - Argonne ...

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to requests by the host computer and monitoring alarm conditions in the fluidized bed. Single letter codes sent by the host initiate any desired actions. Examples include passing of the latest data, adjustment of fuel or air motors, or changes in system configuration such as number of active channels. PL/M is a programming language designed for Intel's 8 bit microcomputers. The language is structurally similar to PL/I SO that programs are somewhat self-document- ing and easily altered and maintained. A memory map for the data acquisition unit is shown in Figure 3. The program is stored in read-only memory and the analog 1/0 subsystem is placed at the top of the 64k address space. This application uses about lk bytes of the available on board ROM. The supervisory BASIC program gets the latest data from all sensors, converts to appropriate units and formats and displays this information on the console and printer. Time of day and update interval are provided by the real time clock, which is software settable from the host. For non-linear sensor readings, disk files con- taining appropriate tables are used for interpolation. Such is the case for all thermocouple readings. The converted data is then utilized by the control algorithm to determine if fuel and air feed corrections are required. If so, this information is passed to the data acquisition unit and out the D to A channels to motor controll- ers. Finally,a second check on the fluidized bed temperature is done by the host to alert the operator in the event of a failure of the hardware alarms. Conclusion A data acquisition and control system for a fluidized bed combustion unit has been described. It should be re-emphasized that the developed algorithm can be easily moved to read-only memory in a low cost controller. It is believed that the choice of major components has resulted in a system which is sufficiently general in nature to not only serve the current project but also to prove useful in future applications. The type of system described should find application wherever monitoring, recording and control of analog or digital signals and processes is required. 206
ACQUISITION DATA UNIT < I L- J (T) [CONSOLEI FIGURE I. OVERALL SYSTEM IIGITAL I/O THERMO. INPUTS 0- RELAYS I I j. AND D/A FIGURE 2. DATA ACQUISITION UNIT 207 MO PRINTER Y REAL-TIME CLOCK AND UART TO/FROM IR is COMPUTER
Page 1 and 2:
I / The Coking Properties of Coal a
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Procedure : Hand picked lunips of c
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Apparatus: The equipment for this t
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the total pressure on the swelling
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A comparison of the results obtaine
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was used, however, general trends a
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1 D 13 3 G
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Table 8 L_ Effect os FaeO Compo.lrl
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i-l SPARE SAblPLE Plortlc 209 Figur
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- z c 100,000 50,000 10,000 0 n 5,0
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Flnure 9 SWELLltlG PROPERTIES OF PI
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Fi ure 13 EFFECT OF TOTAL PRESSQRE,
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TABLE 1. OPERATING CONDITIONS Opera
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1. . 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. REFERE
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Figure 4. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROGR
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Turkgodan et al. (18) studied the p
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Materidl balance on packed bed Boun
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These phenomena iiiay be described
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Walker, P. L., Rusinko, F., and Aus
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-""I- *I,".. I Dlrf".,on Co.1flcl.n
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After a variable residence time, th
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Changes in Char Chemistry The infra
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20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
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0s-a 00-a OS'S 00-E os-2 00-2 02.1
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COAL PYROLYSIS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
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actions, decreasing the secondary c
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01 40 60 TI MEISeC) 80 100 120 140
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Reaction Temperature OC In-situ Ini
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and the gas velocity is often repre
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The mathematical model developed he
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si sio Fraction of solid species i
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Table 2. Differential Equations Mod
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1 60 I I RUN KE-5 50 T.1121K(1557'F
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to condense excess steam, the press
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conversion-time data.* The integrat
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catalyzed and uncatalyzed runs were
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CATALYTIC EFFECTS OF ALKALI METAL S
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%me thermogravimetric measurements
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than in steam. Figure 9 shows data
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C - C02 REACTION C - H20 REACTION L
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
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n 'm L u. t m - L 84
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i 5360-096bw \ KINETICS OF POTASSIU
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t 5360-096pj There is an interactio
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1 I > \ i I 5360-096bw bed data. Be
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I 1. I 5360-096bw ranging from atmo
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uY.ku ICHlMAlIC OF MINI-FLUID BE0 R
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800-12-1133 -9 FIGURE IO CALCULATED
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Mexico coal. Table 1 shows an analy
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', Complete results from all runs c
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I the methanol down to atmospheric
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TABLE 3 -----______________________
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\ "I N z 107 c. . 0 0
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I. INTRODUCTION DIRECT METHANATION
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The catalyst development program fo
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Preparing process flow diagrams and
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\ \ i 1. 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10
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(JMS-OlBM-2). The mass spectra were
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I I Fairbridge, R.W. (ed.) 1972, En
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v- W V z d 3 z m 4 ? P m W c3 W m N
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e. \ I , W 2 m 4 t- CI 99-79 noooo
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L Table I: Compositions of High Tem
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\ " \ I For all three coals, the pr
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4 , 1024 1024 3a 3b J Mineral Parti
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The Determination of Mineral Distri
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pyrite crystals in framboids locate
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FIG. 1. TEM MICROGRAPH OF A HIGH VO
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\ \ FIG. 5. SEM MICROGRAPH SHOWING
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\ , species. In fact, combustion ex
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1, It is possible to make a reasona
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\ i SURFACE AND BULK ENRICHMENT OF
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I Coal Ash Sintering Model and the
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5 carried out such sintering measur
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I this ash and other bituminous coa
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forming propensity. However, none o
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t I 153
Page 155 and 156: CENTRAL ELECTRICIN RESEARCH LABORAT
Page 157 and 158: 157 18 I I a I
Page 159 and 160: temperature, sulfur species concent
Page 161 and 162: The facility is fired with coal usi
Page 163 and 164: Tests have been carried out to dete
Page 165 and 166: under which conditions sulfur speci
Page 167 and 168: I TITANIUM L Corn AS A TRACER FOR D
Page 169 and 170: E 6 i i h \ 1 1 \ on the XRF is cau
Page 171 and 172: \ ? CONCLUSIONS Titanium can accura
Page 173 and 174: NY) m * oa
Page 175 and 176: GFETC constructed a 0.2 square mete
Page 177 and 178: \: Stage 3. Sulfated ash-cemented a
Page 179 and 180: I FIG. 1. Initial ash coating on qu
Page 181 and 182: FIG 9. Limestone bed material alter
Page 183 and 184: (4) Since the operating temperature
Page 185 and 186: I I maximum particle diameter leavi
Page 187 and 188: ! suspension chambers and cyclone f
Page 189 and 190: Pilot Plant of a Coal Fired Fluidiz
Page 191 and 192: After the fiscal year 1982, the fol
Page 193 and 194: MBC CBC Fig. 1 Boiler Structure 193
Page 195 and 196: \ i Table 2. Coal Properties Planne
Page 197 and 198: -2- more than 3 years, since 1977.
Page 199 and 200: , I B. 2 which temporarily raised t
Page 201 and 202: -6- abrasion rate at the bottom of
Page 203 and 204: \if F3.3 - Particulate Circulation
Page 205: \' I/O. analog 1/13. industrial I/O
Page 209 and 210: SAMPLING SYSTEM FOR FLUIDIZED BED A
Page 211 and 212: GAS SAMPLING WITH ORIGINAL PROBE-FI
Page 213 and 214: Remove the quartz tube (gas sample
Page 215 and 216: ' ' The modifications have been com
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Page 219 and 220: With regard to the similarity parti
Page 221 and 222: i \ ' 2.2. soz Emission and NOx Emi
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Page 225 and 226: Figure 9: Sulphur captLTre as 0 fun
Page 227 and 228: P SUMMARY OF TESTS Testing complete
Page 229 and 230: I Table 1 Comparison of Sulfur Capt
Page 231 and 232: , NITROGEN OXIDE REDUCTION Single-S
Page 233 and 234: 0 The addition of air at the 96-inc
Page 235 and 236: m- Y i? 4: BO n 8 c Y l0- Bo- I I I
Page 237 and 238: E! w 2 z e Y 100 - 3 t 5 80- 0, 40
Page 239 and 240: 0 f 0.so o'm: 0.300 0.zo - - A 5m 4
Page 241 and 242: &e- -A \ \ \ : ERCENT OVERBED AIR I
Page 243 and 244: PARTICLE ENTRAINMENT AND NITRIC OXI
Page 245 and 246: i 1' 1 ! I. i Chaung (15) showed th
Page 247 and 248: The maximum height that a large par
Page 249 and 250: 3.0 Nitric Oxide Reduction in the F
Page 251 and 252: assumed to be identical to that of
Page 253 and 254: Nomenclature A *t cD ‘NO $3 _ _ _
Page 255 and 256: TABLE 2. OPERATING CONDITIONS AND E
Page 257 and 258:
i 1 \ ', References 1. 2. ( 3. 1 4.
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\ ” Y) I 259
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t I 100 - - I I ] , I , I , I 'ii 9
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Feeding of the carbonaceous materia
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! Table 2 Proximate and ultimate an
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lb, , --pp---p-- 4 p? CHAR 1 Tu-IWO
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I CHAR Y Y /I TIME O i ' ' ' ' 1 '
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could not be assumed constant. Thus
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\ greatly acknowledged. Literature
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constructed and operated to demonst
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The experimental procedure for the
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atmospheric pressure fluidized bed
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1' TABLE 2 Screen Analysis of Sand
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n RECORDER I Ill I ’ NO. NOX THER
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\ 285 Y 0 I- 5 B 5 3 m "9 E5 3 uz 0
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CHAR1 TOC 0.85 M3/k 600 0 700 V 750
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f Durin all the experimental runs t
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Assuming that large coal particles
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i 7 -_ 0 m\o --n 0 W i 293 a\o 0
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The influence of particle size dist
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all the initial values of x for whi
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\ - + 1) x. = 1 bL/n YO Defining di
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$ m. 1 Results and Discussion Evalu
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kl k2 k' KC KD m m. m P N P R R g t
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UNBURNT FRACTION UNBURNT FRACTION m
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