the coking properties of coal at elevated pressures. - Argonne ...

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Results from these runs indicate that most of the compounds accumulating in the methanol are simple aromatics, primarily substituted benzenes. A few C and Cll isomers were identified. indicating that napthalene is prigably present but at trace levels. The presence of trace amounts of C 14 and C15 isomers were found in but they could not be better identified. These may be polynuclear aromatics but they were present in very small amounts relative to the simpler aromatics. Samples of liquid condensing in the knockout tank downstream from the sour gas compressor were collected and analyzed by GC/HS. This condensate contains most of the heavier hydrocarbons fed to the AGRS. Results of these analyses are presented in Table 4, and show that the compounds identified are very similar to those found in the stripped methanol. Again, mostly simple aromatics were found. No polynuclear aromatics were present, vhich supports the findings of the earlier analyses. Results from these analyses indicate that very little, if any, polynuclear aromatic compounds were present in the gas fed to the AGRS. This is a particularly important finding. Analyses of the water used to quench the gasifier product gas stream showed that s substantial amount of polynuclear aromatics were present. Evidently, scrubbing of the raw product gas with water effectively removes these compounds. Although polynuclear aromatics are removed by the quenching process, substantial amounts of simpler aromatics will be present in the sour gas fed to the AGRS. The use of cold traps may remove some of these compounds but provision must be made to prevent their release to the atmosphere through vent streams or through the sulfur recovery unit. The accumulation of these compounds in the methanol further complicates the problem because of the increased likelihood of their distribution to a number of process streams. Achieving efficient solvent regeneration is, therefore, a key step in avoiding enviromnental problems. SUnMARY A cyclone, a cold water quench scrubber, and a refrigerated methanol absorber have been used to clean the make gas from the steam-oxygen gasification of a New Mexico subbituminous coal in a pilot-scale fluidized bed ractor. A model developed for the gasifier provides the capability of predicting the make gas amount and composition as a function of gasifier operating conditions. The methanol functioned effectively for acid gas removal. Removal of COq, COS, and H2S ,to sufficiently low levels was achieved with proper choice of operating conditions and effective solvent regeneration, 104
TABLE 3 -----___________________________________------------------ COMPOUNDS IDENTIFIED IN STRIPPER EXIT lIETHANOL -----_________________________--------------------------------- 1. sat'd hydrocarbon 21. toluene 42. C3 alkyl benzene 2. cop 22. methyl thiophene 43. C3 alkyl benzene isomer 44. C10H22 isomer 3. C H isomer 4 8 4. tetramethylsilane 5. trichlorofluro- 23. 24. 25. C8H16 isomer C8H16 isomer C8H16 isomer 45. 46. 47. CloHlk' isomer C4 a yl benzene ClOHz2 isomer methane 6. C5~lo isomer 26. C8H isomer tirace) 48. 49. C E U%I% isomer hydrocarbon 7. unknown 27. C8H14 isomer 50. CgHlo (trace) 8. Freon 113 9. cyclopentadiene 10. C6H12 isomer 11. C6H14 jsomer 12. C6H10 isomer 13. benzene 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. hexamethyl cyclotrisiloxane CgHZ0 isomer C H isomer e?,:? benzene xylene (M.P) styrene 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. C H isomer 9 8 alkyl benzene isomer C H isomer C'B 28 isomer c8 Bo isomer c;B~;~o isomer 14. 15. 16. 17. C7H14 isomer C7Hl6 isomer C7H16 isomer C7H12 isomer 34. 35. 36. 37. xylene (0) C9H18 isomer C H isomer C: zfkyl benzene 57. 58. 59. 60. unknown siloxane unknown siloxane unknown siloxane C14H30 isomer 18. C7H12 isomer 38. clOSiZmer 61. C14E30 isomer 19. C7H12 isomer 39. unknown hydrocarbon 62. unknown 20. unknown 40. unknown 63. C15H32 isomer hydrocarbon hydrocarbon 41. Cl1HZ4 isomer .................................................................. .................................................................... COMPOUNDS IDENTIFIED IN COMPRESSOR KNOCKOUT SAMPLE .................................................................... 1. 1-penteoe 10. substituted benzene 2. hydrocarbon 11. C8 hydrocarbon 3. benzene 12. Cg hydrocarbon 4. hydrocarbon 13. propyl or ethyl methyl substituted benzene 5. Toluene 14. propyl or ethyl methyl substituted benzene 6. cyclo C4-C5 15. 1-decene 7. hydrocarbon 16. 2-propyl benzene 8. ethyl benzene 17. 1-ethyl-4methy1 benzene 9. dimethyl benzene ...................................................................... 105 TABLE 4
Page 1 and 2:
I / The Coking Properties of Coal a
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Procedure : Hand picked lunips of c
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Apparatus: The equipment for this t
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the total pressure on the swelling
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A comparison of the results obtaine
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was used, however, general trends a
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1 D 13 3 G
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Table 8 L_ Effect os FaeO Compo.lrl
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i-l SPARE SAblPLE Plortlc 209 Figur
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- z c 100,000 50,000 10,000 0 n 5,0
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Flnure 9 SWELLltlG PROPERTIES OF PI
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Fi ure 13 EFFECT OF TOTAL PRESSQRE,
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TABLE 1. OPERATING CONDITIONS Opera
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1. . 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. REFERE
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Figure 4. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROGR
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Turkgodan et al. (18) studied the p
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Materidl balance on packed bed Boun
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These phenomena iiiay be described
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Walker, P. L., Rusinko, F., and Aus
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-""I- *I,".. I Dlrf".,on Co.1flcl.n
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After a variable residence time, th
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Changes in Char Chemistry The infra
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20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
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0s-a 00-a OS'S 00-E os-2 00-2 02.1
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COAL PYROLYSIS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
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actions, decreasing the secondary c
Page 54 and 55: 01 40 60 TI MEISeC) 80 100 120 140
Page 56 and 57: Reaction Temperature OC In-situ Ini
Page 58 and 59: and the gas velocity is often repre
Page 60 and 61: The mathematical model developed he
Page 62 and 63: si sio Fraction of solid species i
Page 64 and 65: Table 2. Differential Equations Mod
Page 66 and 67: 1 60 I I RUN KE-5 50 T.1121K(1557'F
Page 68 and 69: to condense excess steam, the press
Page 70 and 71: conversion-time data.* The integrat
Page 72 and 73: catalyzed and uncatalyzed runs were
Page 74 and 75: CATALYTIC EFFECTS OF ALKALI METAL S
Page 76 and 77: %me thermogravimetric measurements
Page 78 and 79: than in steam. Figure 9 shows data
Page 80 and 81: C - C02 REACTION C - H20 REACTION L
Page 82 and 83: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
Page 84 and 85: n 'm L u. t m - L 84
Page 87 and 88: i 5360-096bw \ KINETICS OF POTASSIU
Page 89 and 90: t 5360-096pj There is an interactio
Page 91 and 92: 1 I > \ i I 5360-096bw bed data. Be
Page 93 and 94: I 1. I 5360-096bw ranging from atmo
Page 95 and 96: uY.ku ICHlMAlIC OF MINI-FLUID BE0 R
Page 97 and 98: 800-12-1133 -9 FIGURE IO CALCULATED
Page 99 and 100: Mexico coal. Table 1 shows an analy
Page 101 and 102: ', Complete results from all runs c
Page 103: I the methanol down to atmospheric
Page 107 and 108: \ "I N z 107 c. . 0 0
Page 109 and 110: I. INTRODUCTION DIRECT METHANATION
Page 111 and 112: The catalyst development program fo
Page 113 and 114: Preparing process flow diagrams and
Page 115 and 116: \ \ i 1. 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10
Page 117 and 118: (JMS-OlBM-2). The mass spectra were
Page 119 and 120: I I Fairbridge, R.W. (ed.) 1972, En
Page 121 and 122: v- W V z d 3 z m 4 ? P m W c3 W m N
Page 123 and 124: e. \ I , W 2 m 4 t- CI 99-79 noooo
Page 125 and 126: L Table I: Compositions of High Tem
Page 127 and 128: \ " \ I For all three coals, the pr
Page 129 and 130: 4 , 1024 1024 3a 3b J Mineral Parti
Page 131 and 132: The Determination of Mineral Distri
Page 133 and 134: pyrite crystals in framboids locate
Page 135 and 136: FIG. 1. TEM MICROGRAPH OF A HIGH VO
Page 137 and 138: \ \ FIG. 5. SEM MICROGRAPH SHOWING
Page 139 and 140: \ , species. In fact, combustion ex
Page 141 and 142: 1, It is possible to make a reasona
Page 143 and 144: \ i SURFACE AND BULK ENRICHMENT OF
Page 145 and 146: I Coal Ash Sintering Model and the
Page 147 and 148: 5 carried out such sintering measur
Page 149 and 150: I this ash and other bituminous coa
Page 151 and 152: forming propensity. However, none o
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CENTRAL ELECTRICIN RESEARCH LABORAT
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157 18 I I a I
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temperature, sulfur species concent
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The facility is fired with coal usi
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Tests have been carried out to dete
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under which conditions sulfur speci
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I TITANIUM L Corn AS A TRACER FOR D
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E 6 i i h \ 1 1 \ on the XRF is cau
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\ ? CONCLUSIONS Titanium can accura
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NY) m * oa
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GFETC constructed a 0.2 square mete
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\: Stage 3. Sulfated ash-cemented a
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I FIG. 1. Initial ash coating on qu
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FIG 9. Limestone bed material alter
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(4) Since the operating temperature
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I I maximum particle diameter leavi
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! suspension chambers and cyclone f
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Pilot Plant of a Coal Fired Fluidiz
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After the fiscal year 1982, the fol
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MBC CBC Fig. 1 Boiler Structure 193
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\ i Table 2. Coal Properties Planne
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-2- more than 3 years, since 1977.
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, I B. 2 which temporarily raised t
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-6- abrasion rate at the bottom of
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\if F3.3 - Particulate Circulation
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\' I/O. analog 1/13. industrial I/O
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ACQUISITION DATA UNIT < I L- J (T)
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SAMPLING SYSTEM FOR FLUIDIZED BED A
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GAS SAMPLING WITH ORIGINAL PROBE-FI
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Remove the quartz tube (gas sample
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' ' The modifications have been com
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n n D 217
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With regard to the similarity parti
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i \ ' 2.2. soz Emission and NOx Emi
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223
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Figure 9: Sulphur captLTre as 0 fun
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P SUMMARY OF TESTS Testing complete
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I Table 1 Comparison of Sulfur Capt
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, NITROGEN OXIDE REDUCTION Single-S
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0 The addition of air at the 96-inc
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m- Y i? 4: BO n 8 c Y l0- Bo- I I I
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E! w 2 z e Y 100 - 3 t 5 80- 0, 40
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0 f 0.so o'm: 0.300 0.zo - - A 5m 4
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&e- -A \ \ \ : ERCENT OVERBED AIR I
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PARTICLE ENTRAINMENT AND NITRIC OXI
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i 1' 1 ! I. i Chaung (15) showed th
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The maximum height that a large par
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3.0 Nitric Oxide Reduction in the F
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assumed to be identical to that of
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Nomenclature A *t cD ‘NO $3 _ _ _
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TABLE 2. OPERATING CONDITIONS AND E
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i 1 \ ', References 1. 2. ( 3. 1 4.
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\ ” Y) I 259
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t I 100 - - I I ] , I , I , I 'ii 9
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Feeding of the carbonaceous materia
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! Table 2 Proximate and ultimate an
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lb, , --pp---p-- 4 p? CHAR 1 Tu-IWO
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I CHAR Y Y /I TIME O i ' ' ' ' 1 '
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could not be assumed constant. Thus
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\ greatly acknowledged. Literature
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constructed and operated to demonst
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The experimental procedure for the
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atmospheric pressure fluidized bed
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1' TABLE 2 Screen Analysis of Sand
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n RECORDER I Ill I ’ NO. NOX THER
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\ 285 Y 0 I- 5 B 5 3 m "9 E5 3 uz 0
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CHAR1 TOC 0.85 M3/k 600 0 700 V 750
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f Durin all the experimental runs t
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Assuming that large coal particles
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i 7 -_ 0 m\o --n 0 W i 293 a\o 0
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The influence of particle size dist
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all the initial values of x for whi
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\ - + 1) x. = 1 bL/n YO Defining di
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$ m. 1 Results and Discussion Evalu
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kl k2 k' KC KD m m. m P N P R R g t
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UNBURNT FRACTION UNBURNT FRACTION m
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