Journal of the Federated Malay States museums - Sabrizain.org

130 Journal of the F.M.S. Museums. [Vol. VII,
Ibis igio, pp. 659-675, Plate X, and text figure 6, Ibis 1911,
pp. 10-S0, PI. 1, and text figures 5 and 6, quoted as " Robinson
& Kloss."
"Zoological Results of the Swedish Zoological Expeditions
to Siarn 1911-1912 and 1914-1915, IV, Birds, n," by Nils
Gyldenstolpe.
Kttngl. Svenska Vetenskapsakaemiens Handlingar. Band. 56,
No. 2, 1916, quoted as "Gyldenstolpe."
Pulau Paya. A small rocky island, covered with jungle
and without regular inhabitants, about two hundred and fifty
feet high, situated about sixteen miles west of the mouth of the
Kedah River in Lat. 6° 3', N. and Long. ioo° 3' E. and
separated from the mainland by depths of fifteen fathoms.
The island is about a mile in maximum length and about a
third of a mile in breadth. It has been visited by us several
times, on the last occasion at the end of April 1915, but no
birds of any great interest have been obtained on it.
A fruit bat [Pteropus hypomelanus geminorum, Miller), onlyknown
elsewhere from the Mergui Archipelago, was found to
be abundant on it (c.f. Kloss, antea, Vol. VI, p. 245 (1916).
Pulau Langkawi. This island, with those immediately
adjacent to it, is contained in an area roughly shaped as an
equilateral triangle with a side of somewhat over twenty miles
between the Latitudes 6° 9', and 6° 27' N. and Longitude 99
38' and 99° 56', E, separated from the mainland by a strait
ten miles wide at the narrowest part and by depths not
exceeding ten fathoms.
The island is extremely rugged in character, though in the
neighbourhood of the two principal villages. Kwah and Kuala
Malacca, there are considerable areas of flat land devoted to
orchards, rice and coconuts and of late years to the inevitable
rubber. There is also a large amount of cultivation on the
north coast, where a fairly dense population is settled.
Elsewhere the country is very mountainous, the highest
hill, Gunong Raja, reaching nearly 3,000 feet, while there is a
range of precipitous mountains at the north-west corner well
over two thousand feet in height. On the present occasion
we spent from the I2-I5th December at a place called Burau
at the foot of this range, where however no birds of any great
interest were obtained.
The geological formation of Langkawi is by no means so
generally limestone as is usually assumed and much granite,
quartzite, sandstone and other metamorphic rocks also occur.
Most of the smaller islets of the group and many of the
larger ones are, however, exclusively limestone and it is on these
that the many peculiar species of plants belonging to the
Langkawi flora are almost entirely to be found though
the forest flora generally appears to differ greatly from
that of the southern part of the Malay Peninsula. A considerable
collection of plants was made at Burau, but here as