storm - Hrvatski memorijalno-dokumentacijski centar Domovinskog ...

storm - Hrvatski memorijalno-dokumentacijski centar Domovinskog ... storm - Hrvatski memorijalno-dokumentacijski centar Domovinskog ...

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25.04.2013 Views

Th is crucial operation of the Croatian armed forces has been the subject of almost everyday discussions or comments. However, there are few studies based on historical sources such as Dr. Davor Marijan’s Storm. For the fi rst time in Croatian historiography it presents, chronologically and in terms of the corps districts of the Croatian armed forces, the preparation and the course of this military-police operation. Although the book presents relevant documents, it is precisely the lack of accessible sources - mainly because of still unsorted archive material, but also because some documents are in private hands - that creates major problems to anybody wishing to write about the operation. Maybe some people will not be satisfi ed with the presentation of their own role in Storm, some participants in the events will note, perhaps, certain incorrect data in the mentioned documents, which may raise the question of the objectivity of specifi c sources, or of their integrity and accuracy of the mentioned data. Because of that we would kindly ask all persons having argumented comments with regard to the contents of this study to pass them on to the Centre, so that we can record and fi le them, and make them available for a future publication. However, in spite of any possible shortcomings, this study is an excellent foundation for any future discussion of Operation Storm, the more so as it would be diffi cult to expect the very fi rst study of this type to answer all questions and deal with all problems related to a complex event such as this one. Th is study off ers the public an overview of Operation Storm from the perspective of a historian, based on currently accessible historical sources. Th e author has limited his account to the involvement of HV corps districts, and does not present the action of each brigade separately. Th ere is still hope, however, that this study will stimulate the writing of special monographs on the role of each corps district in Storm, describing in detail the engagement of each brigade and its battalions, and other units. Some already exist (e.g., Jakša Raguž, Th e HV 151 st Samobor Brigade in the War, Samobor, 2006; Aleksandar Božić - Damir Goršeta, Th e HV 153 rd Velika Gorica Brigade, Velika Gorica, 2002). But most are still to be written in order to confi rm or correct the current analyses. It is precisely in order to improve objectivity that distinguished commanders of the Croatian armed forces were given the opportunity to read the study and the parts related to specifi c corps districts; their remarks improved the quality and objectivity of the book, and off ered in some cases diff erent views regarding certain sources. Insight into written sources and comments by highly-positioned participants in the events covered in the book make this study a particularly valuable document. Th e intention was, along with the author’s interpretation of the written source, to draw attention as well to the views of the commanders personally involved in the events, whose statements have a particular bearing on the subject under consideration. In this way the reader can obtain the confi rmation of the accuracy of the written source, but also witness the inevitable diff erences between the written source and memoir material, as well as frequently diff erent interpretations of a specifi c event by people personally involved in it. Th at is to say, reports are oft en written automatically and mainly deal with results and less with explanations of the reasons why such results were achieved, and may therefore off er an incomplete picture of a specifi c event. Th is is why, in order to assure an objective presentation of an event, interviews with participants are desirable in order to explain 8

why something was done in a specifi c way and not as planned. Of course, there is always the danger that the participant’s story might be too subjective just as various reports and other written documents, and it is up to historians and other scientists to assess the case. Moreover, there is always the “public correction” as well. Th is is why it is important to publish the sources (verbal and written) as soon as possible, or to have as many interviews as possible on the subject with the participants. At any rate, the reader ought to get, in a single spot, the substance or the interpretation of a historical source, and the explanation of the participants to which the source refers, because this will make his conclusion more realistic and more objective. Th is is why due gratitude ought to be expressed, for their readiness to help in the editing of this book, to the generals and commanders of the Croatian Army and special units of the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Croatia, as well as to the associations of the Croatian Homeland War veterans, whose useful comments enhanced objectivity in the presentation of those parts of Storm in which they were personally involved. Th eir names are mentioned in the notes, and next to their comments on the text or on the mentioned sources. Th e reviewers of the book, General Anton Tus, Zdenko Radelić, Ph.D., and Nikica Barić, Ph.D., deserve particular gratitude. In addition to the mentioned scientifi c study, this book is enriched by the Appendices, documents on important political and military events on the eve of Storm, which infl uenced its initiation (the process of annexation to Serbia and the unifi cation of the so-called Republic of Srpska Krajina 1 and Republika Srpska, that is, of the Serbs from Croatia and the Serbs from Bosnia&Herzegovina, into a single state, and the Bihać crisis), and on its aft ermath (the exodus of the Serbs from the occupied area), selected and edited by senior archivist Mate Rupić, Head of the Archival Material Department of the Croatian Homeland War Memorial&Documentation Centre. Th e chosen topics, and the respective selected and chronologically arranged documents, ought to help in fi nding answers to the question of why the issue, i.e., the occupied territory of the Republic of Croatia, could not be resolved by diplomatic means and peacefully, why Storm could not be deferred any longer, and why claims that the Croatian leadership expelled the Serbs from the so-called Krajina and carried out ethnic cleansing are historically unfounded. Th e documents in the Appendices of this book cover the period between 1991 and 1995 in order to draw attention to the fact that the launching of Storm was not a sudden whim of the Croatian leadership but, rather, the consequence of a long process of fruitless 1 In its publications the Croatian Homeland War Memorial&Documentation Centre mainly follows the rule whereby the names of self-proclaimed or unrecognized states or political creations are placed in inverted commas or qualifi ed as «so-called». However, on this occasion we accepted the author’s view that «the names of all states, political creations and movements, whether internationally recognized or not, lawful or unlawful, accepted or rejected - in a nutshell, ‘good’ or ‘bad’ - ought to be written without inverted commas, that is, as they call themselves, or as listed in historical sources» (see Nikica Barić, Th e Serbian Rebellion in Croatia 1990-1995, Zagreb, 2005, pp. 13-14). Of course, the fact that the text, when mentioning the «SAO Krajina» or the «Republic of Serbian Krajina» and its paramilitary formations, will have no inverted commas or the qualifi cation of «so-called», does not imply that the author considers the occupied territory of the Republic of Croatia, in which the Serbians established their control and proclaimed their para-state, to be a legitimate state entity. Quite the contrary. 9

why something was done in a specifi c way and not as planned. Of course, there is always<br />

the danger that the participant’s story might be too subjective just as various reports and<br />

other written documents, and it is up to historians and other scientists to assess the case.<br />

Moreover, there is always the “public correction” as well. Th is is why it is important to<br />

publish the sources (verbal and written) as soon as possible, or to have as many interviews<br />

as possible on the subject with the participants. At any rate, the reader ought to get, in a<br />

single spot, the substance or the interpretation of a historical source, and the explanation<br />

of the participants to which the source refers, because this will make his conclusion more<br />

realistic and more objective.<br />

Th is is why due gratitude ought to be expressed, for their readiness to help in the editing<br />

of this book, to the generals and commanders of the Croatian Army and special units of<br />

the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Croatia, as well as to the associations of<br />

the Croatian Homeland War veterans, whose useful comments enhanced objectivity in<br />

the presentation of those parts of Storm in which they were personally involved. Th eir<br />

names are mentioned in the notes, and next to their comments on the text or on the<br />

mentioned sources. Th e reviewers of the book, General Anton Tus, Zdenko Radelić,<br />

Ph.D., and Nikica Barić, Ph.D., deserve particular gratitude.<br />

In addition to the mentioned scientifi c study, this book is enriched by the Appendices,<br />

documents on important political and military events on the eve of Storm, which<br />

infl uenced its initiation (the process of annexation to Serbia and the unifi cation of the<br />

so-called Republic of Srpska Krajina 1 and Republika Srpska, that is, of the Serbs from<br />

Croatia and the Serbs from Bosnia&Herzegovina, into a single state, and the Bihać crisis),<br />

and on its aft ermath (the exodus of the Serbs from the occupied area), selected and<br />

edited by senior archivist Mate Rupić, Head of the Archival Material Department of the<br />

Croatian Homeland War Memorial&Documentation Centre. Th e chosen topics, and the<br />

respective selected and chronologically arranged documents, ought to help in fi nding<br />

answers to the question of why the issue, i.e., the occupied territory of the Republic of<br />

Croatia, could not be resolved by diplomatic means and peacefully, why Storm could not<br />

be deferred any longer, and why claims that the Croatian leadership expelled the Serbs<br />

from the so-called Krajina and carried out ethnic cleansing are historically unfounded.<br />

Th e documents in the Appendices of this book cover the period between 1991 and 1995<br />

in order to draw attention to the fact that the launching of Storm was not a sudden whim<br />

of the Croatian leadership but, rather, the consequence of a long process of fruitless<br />

1 In its publications the Croatian Homeland War Memorial&Documentation Centre mainly follows the rule whereby<br />

the names of self-proclaimed or unrecognized states or political creations are placed in inverted commas or<br />

qualifi ed as «so-called». However, on this occasion we accepted the author’s view that «the names of all states,<br />

political creations and movements, whether internationally recognized or not, lawful or unlawful, accepted or rejected<br />

- in a nutshell, ‘good’ or ‘bad’ - ought to be written without inverted commas, that is, as they call themselves,<br />

or as listed in historical sources» (see Nikica Barić, Th e Serbian Rebellion in Croatia 1990-1995, Zagreb, 2005, pp.<br />

13-14). Of course, the fact that the text, when mentioning the «SAO Krajina» or the «Republic of Serbian Krajina»<br />

and its paramilitary formations, will have no inverted commas or the qualifi cation of «so-called», does not imply<br />

that the author considers the occupied territory of the Republic of Croatia, in which the Serbians established their<br />

control and proclaimed their para-state, to be a legitimate state entity. Quite the contrary.<br />

9

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