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of UNPROFOR. In his letter to Boutros Boutros Ghali F. Tuđman stressed that the cancellation of the UNPROFOR mandate did not imply that Croatia was desisting from a peaceful settlement of the confl ict with the rebel Serbs and that it was instead an endeavour to reach an agreement through direct negotiations between Zagreb and Knin. 98 Th e reaction of the Krajina Serbs was not long in coming. On 27 January M. Martić applied to the UN Secretary General Ghali and asked him for “UN force protection of the AP Western Bosnia from the army of Alija Izebegović, just as the peacekeeping forces are protecting, in the confl ict between the Croats and the Serbs, the Republic of Serbian Krajina from the Republic of Croatia, which has violated our territory as many as four times since 1992, perpetrated ethnic cleansing and committed crimes against the Serbian civilian population”. 99 In spite of their unfavourable position, of which they were partly aware, the Serbs turned down Plan Z4. Martić’s position that the plan should not be considered at all was accepted at the extraordinary session of the RSK Assembly held on 8 February in Knin. Th e Assembly accepted the proposal of the RSK Government to break off and postpone negotiations with the Republic of Croatia on economic and political issues “until Croatia withdraws its request for the cancellation of the mandate of UN peacekeeping forces or until the Security Council decides to extend the mandate of the UN peacekeeping forces in the protected zones in the territory of the Republic of Serbian Krajina. 100 Th e next shock came on 31 March 1995 when the UN Security Council accepted the Croatian requests and passed Resolution 981 which confi rmed the territorial integrity of the Republic of Croatia and recognized that major provisions of the Vance Plan remained to be implemented. Th e role of the peacekeeping forces was redefi ned, and the name UNROFOR changed into UNCRO (United Nations Confi dence Restoration Operation in Croatia) with a mandate until 30 November 1995. According to the new mandate, UN forces were responsible for the establishment of effi cient control over the internationally recognized borders of Croatia, and for controlling and monitoring the crossing of military equipment and personnel from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or Republika Srpska into the protected areas. 101 Aft er the military successes of the Croatian Army on Mount Dinara in late 1994 and early 1995 the area of Knin was threatened from Mount Dinara and Livanjsko Polje, i.e., from the territory previously held by the armed forces of Republika Srpska. Faced with the same danger, the rebel Serbs from Croatia and the Bosnian&Herzegovinian Serbs founded on 20 February the Joint Council of National Defence. 102 In the following months it was hardly active. An attempt to establish order in the army of the Krajina 98 “Otkaz mandata UNPROFOR-u: Treća obljetnica međunarodnog priznanja Republike Hrvatske” (Cancellation of the UNPROFOR Mandate: Th e Th ird Anniversary of the International Recognition of the Republic of Croatia); MORH, Political Directorate, Zagreb, 1995, 12-18. 99 VRH, USMSP: RSK, President of the Republic, no. 020/1-56 of 27 January 1995. 100 POA: Abridged minutes of the fi rst extraordinary session of the RSK Assembly held on 8 February 1995. 101 «Kronologija rata» (Th e Chronology of the War), 465. 102 «Hronologija 1990-1995.»(Chronology 1990-1995), 222. 60
Serbs was made only aft er the RSK was reduced by the liberation of the formerly occupied Western Slavonia. A new commanding offi cer was brought in, and a manoeuvring unit formed - the Special Unit Corps (KSJ). Aft er Operation Leap-2 Croatian forces directly threatened the Bosanski Petrovac - Drvar - Strmica - Knin communications and additionally aggravated the traffi c isolation of the western parts of the Krajina. Such a situation highlighted the strategic importance of Western Bosnia and of the ARBiH 5 th Corps. For the Serbian armies in Bosnia&Herzegovina and in the Republic of Croatia the successful resolution of the Western Bosnia “issue” would free considerable forces of the VRS 2 nd Krajina Corps, which could then be committed in the southern part of the Corps’ zone of responsibility against the units of the Split Corps District and the Croatian Defence Council. Th e same applied to the forces of the SVK Lika, Kordun and Banija Corps committed in Western Bosnia, which could be taken off that theatre and concentrated along the borders of the Serbian para-state. 103 103 GS HV, RP/13/95 of 5 July 1995; Annex to intelligence evaluation. 61
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Davor Marijan S T O R M 1
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Davor Marijan S T O R M Zagreb, Aug
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Editor’s introd
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EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION EDITOR’S
Page 9 and 10: why something was done in a specifi
Page 11 and 12: material, the reminiscences of Gene
Page 13 and 14: logical and that is was organized b
Page 15 and 16: ordered the Flight/; Večernje novo
Page 17 and 18: In addition to the comment that “
Page 19 and 20: - the population was signifi cantly
Page 21 and 22: General Staff had traditionally cou
Page 23 and 24: However, aft er the Split Agreement
Page 25 and 26: military support to the RSK. Specif
Page 27 and 28: warrant the conclusion that Croatia
Page 29 and 30: war. But, it is certain that they c
Page 31 and 32: Of course, this does not disprove t
Page 34 and 35: Croatian soldiers (guardsmen) 34
Page 36 and 37: 36 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .
Page 38 and 39: (Croatian soldiers, 6 August 1995 (
Page 40 and 41: y infl uential Croatian politicians
Page 42 and 43: 42 THE BATTLEFIELD AND THE BELLIGER
Page 44 and 45: Th e Croatian Air Force and Air Def
Page 46 and 47: 46 THE SERBIAN REBELLION IN CROATIA
Page 48 and 49: helmets”. 35 Th ey brought relati
Page 50 and 51: standstill the Croatian Army was se
Page 52 and 53: attacks against the RSK. Th e Lika
Page 54 and 55: 54 CROATIAN FORCE OPERATIONS IN LIV
Page 56 and 57: Th is was quite true, because the m
Page 58 and 59: Croatian guardsmen between Mali Ša
Page 62 and 63: 62 THE SECOND BIHAĆ CRISIS On 11 J
Page 64 and 65: 64 THE CROATIAN RESPONSE TO THE SEC
Page 66 and 67: to 8 days; guarantee of civil safet
Page 68 and 69: July noted that on the previous eve
Page 70 and 71: 70 WAR PLANS (DEFENCE PLANS AND PLA
Page 72 and 73: Under the pressure of Croatian atta
Page 74: Croatian Navy units received orders
Page 78 and 79: Knin (the fortress), 5 August 1995
Page 80 and 81: HVO 3 rd Guards Brigade with the Se
Page 82 and 83: 1 st and 4 th Light Brigades, the 2
Page 84 and 85: of access to Benkovac. 177 Along th
Page 86 and 87: Bribirske Mostine line on the way t
Page 88 and 89: 88 Conclusion Th e Split Corps Dist
Page 90 and 91: 90 SPECIAL MUP RH UNITS IN OPERATIO
Page 92 and 93: Medak at about 2000 hours and then,
Page 94 and 95: Special Police units of the Croatia
Page 96 and 97: 96 THE GOSPIĆ CORPS DISTRICT The m
Page 98 and 99: 98 Execution of the Operation Th e
Page 100 and 101: day they reached the planned line:
Page 102 and 103: Th e 138 th Home Guard Regiment pus
Page 104 and 105: Croatian soldiers (Guardsmen) 104 C
Page 106 and 107: 106 KARLOVAC CORPS DISTRICT Accordi
Page 108 and 109: and prevent deeper penetration on t
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104 th Brigade, the Serbs committed
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decided to engage units of the 110
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order from Pašin Potok to the vill
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116 Conclusion Th e mission of the
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Pontoon Battalion and the 1 st Sisa
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Before the start of the operation,
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order of the President of the Repub
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Bačuga. On the Petrinja - Jabukova
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advance the fl anks and the rear of
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Petrova Gora, swept by the MUP RH S
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in the night of 6/7 August and orde
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Colonel Čedo Bulat, commander of t
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134 BJELOVAR CORPS DISTRICT Aft er
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the 125 th Home Guard Regiment capt
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138 Conclusion Th e Bjelovar Corps
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Batnoga - Cetingrad road and hit th
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142 ARBiH FIFTH CORPS IN STORM With
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Th e Joint Staff of the Army of the
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146 Southern Th eatre During Storm
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148 RESPONSE OF THE SVK SLAVONIA-BA
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150 UNCRO, UN AND INTERNATIONAL REA
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152 OVERVIEW OF THE OPERATION A pro
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On 10 August the Chief of the HV Ge
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the liberation of Knin, all that re
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order of the Republic of Croatia th
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160 “ETHNIC CLEANSING” OR SELF-
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On the fi rst day of Storm the deci
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164 To Croatian citizens of Serbian
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166 CONCLUSION There have been quit
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168 REFERENCES Balkan Battlegrounds
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170 Books: AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHY Dav
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172
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174
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Th e documents in the second chapte
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178 CONTENTS APPENDIX 1 - PLANS OF
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9 1994, 20 November: Regular combat
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7 1994, 1 February: Report of the O
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184
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Article 2 As of the date of entry i
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188 3 1991, 16 May Knin Decision of
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a single political and territorial
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VI Th erefore, aft er the failed at
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should not give cause to confl icts
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VIII Cooperation in health and welf
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Such an act violates the basic inte
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200 ____________________ Offi cial
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10. Agreement on the realization of
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the Gornji Vakuf - Konjic axis, and
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est from our brothers and not what
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208 17 1994, 18 August Proposal of
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210 1. CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE EXIST
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Th is will create favourable condit
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Th e commitment of SVK forces under
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Operational implementation of the m
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idgehead created earlier to off ens
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(3) 105 th air brigade: Collect by
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[...] To put it simply, the peaceke
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(...) Th e SVK is expected to inspi
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shall operate throughout Croatia. W
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Th e proposal according to which th
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230 23 1995, 18 May Borovo Selo Par
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Th erefore, territorial integrity,
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No. 01-02-41/1-95 President of the
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236 30 1995, 30 July Knin From the
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Chief of the HV General Staff Gener
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tarian aid for the survivors. Th ro
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UNPROFOR units on the ground, and h
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efugees to the fact that rebel Serb
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Th at was certainly one of the most
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lockade of Bihać over several mont
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However, we fi nd it diffi cult to
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252 7 1994, 20 November Report of t
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254 11 1994, 27 November Oštrelj -
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- 60,000 rounds for AA weapons; - 5
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1995, 17 February Oštrelj - Petrov
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1. Hostile forces Th e Croatian Arm
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Black market trade with the (Army o
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264 26 1995, 11 June Knin Extraordi
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(...) 6. PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZATION
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Original, typewritten, Cyrillic scr
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3. Other issues: 1) Uncontrolled us
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272 35 1995, 26 July Report of the
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other. Th erefore, the total value
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276 36 1995, 26 July Communication
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the line Brkića Koplje - Visoka Gl
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280 41 1995, 31 July Vrhovine Th e
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282 43 1995, 3 August Report of the
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Dmitar Obradović, former security
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286
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fi ghting tank and the combi-van ha
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290 5 [Okučani, July] Letter of th
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1. Inform all authorized persons ab
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Th e population eligible for evacua
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296 A S S E S S M E N T OF THREAT A
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- Pakrac - Okučani, the most likel
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- inadequate preparation and equipp
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- 120,000 places in basic protectio
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specifi c services and employees in
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municipality. In other municipaliti
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308 11 1995, 11 May Knin Report of
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1995, 30 May Knin 310 12 Order of S
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Original, typewritten, Cyrillic scr
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2. Municipal civil defence staff s
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Original, typewritten, Latin script
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5. Surveillance and reporting servi
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To REGIONAL CIVIL DEFENCE STAFFS To
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Grahovo - Livanjsko Polje. Specifi
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Th e security system at all levels
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326
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328
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VI Police Forces in Krajina 330 VI.
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332 DRAFT AGREEMENT ON KRAJINA, SLA
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334 (b) Th e defence of the Republi
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to mitigate the evasion of taxes an
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338 Chapter IV Participation of Kra
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340 PART TWO: ARRANGEMENTS CONCERNI
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342 PART THREE: COMMON PROVISIONS C
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2. All governmental organs and admi
Page 346 and 347:
346 Chapter XIII Special Constituti
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2. Th e amendments and legislation
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350 A N N E X B LIST OF HUMAN RIGHT
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352 Article 4 Competence Th e compe
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354 II. THE COMPETENCE AND THE POWE
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7. In accordance with the provision
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And you went to Knin? Yes, we came
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Prosecutor Nice: You then met him o
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Prosecutor Nice: What about the acc
Page 364 and 365:
Prosecutor Nice: Did you respond to
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Prosecutor Nice: Let’s pause ther
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I briefed my diplomatic colleagues
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States, and that he absolutely had
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PROSECUTOR UERTZ-RETZLAFF: And when
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PROSECUTOR UERTZ-RETZLAFF: You have
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PROSECUTOR UERTZ-RETZLAFF: Yes. Who
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PROSECUTOR UERTZ-RETZLAFF: Did you
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PROSECUTOR UERTZ-RETZLAFF: “Us”
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BABIĆ: Th ey were integrated into
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Croatian Memorial- Documentation Ce
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PoD pozadinski odred logistics squa
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ZZPO Zapovjedništvo Zbornog podru
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Đ Đerić Branko, 194, 196, Đinđ
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Stoltenberg Th orvald, 359 Stupar M
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Čista Mala, 212 Čista Velika, 83
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Ogulin, 40, 41, 73, 97, 106-108, 11
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398
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400
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