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Knin (the fortress), 6 August 1995 (photograph by Alem Hadžiegrić) Th e military-police operation Storm deserves to be presented in a study like this. It is the fullest and most comprehensive account of Storm I have read so far. 6 From the review by Staff General Anton Tus
EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION The signifi cance of the liberation military-police operation Storm for the destiny of Croatia is extraordinary. With its victorious Storm in August 1995 Croatia successfully brought to a close a very dramatic period in its history which started with the armed rebellion of the Serbs in Croatia and the terrorist activity of Serbian extremists aft er August 1990. Th at was the introduction to the open aggression against the Republic of Croatia carried out, aft er July 1991, by the armed forces of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (JNA and the territorial defence units of Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia&Herzegovina), that is, of Serbia and Montenegro, and Serbian paramilitary, largely pro-chetnik units. It can freely be claimed that the survival of Croatia within its internationally recognized borders depended on the outcome of Storm, and that the failure of the operation would have had fateful and lasting consequences for the territorial integrity of the Republic of Croatia. Today, twelve years aft er victory, it is diffi cult even to imagine the drama behind the decision to launch Storm, because Croatia would never again, probably, have had another chance to reincorporate the occupied territory into its constitutional and legal system. Although a cool scientifi c analysis might show that Operation Storm, because of a number of problems in its preparation and execution, was not so irreproachable as some people claim - which is understandable considering the circumstances in which it was carried out and the great number of mobilized troops - for most Croats and citizens of other ethnic backgrounds who live in Croatia and consider it their homeland it is a magnifi cent event. First of all because of its result - the liberation of the occupied territory of the Republic of Croatia and the rescue of thousands of people from certain death in Bihać. Th is is why not even comments of military analysts and historians related to the shortcomings in the implementation of the operation can challenge its success. Th is is particularly true if we take into account - in the fi nal assessment of the success of Storm - the fact that such a complex operation was carried out by an army created in a very short time and organized in wartime conditions aft er Croatia managed to defend itself, in 1991, from the aggression of the superior Serbian forces and from total occupation focused on the creation of so-called Greater Serbia. Storm is actually the crown of Croatia’s Homeland War and the confi rmation of the military skill of Croatian offi cers, non-commissioned offi cers and soldiers, of their courage and determination, organization and ability to apply scientifi c achievements, but also of their skill in improvisation. Regardless of the higher or lower performance of his unit, every Croatian soldier or policeman who took honourable part in Storm deserves the appreciation and gratitude of other Croatian citizens who had waited for years for the liberation of their homeland and for the end of the war. * We express our deep gratitude to Mr. Ante Kostelić for making this translation possible. 7
Page 1 and 2: Davor Marijan S T O R M 1
Page 3 and 4: Davor Marijan S T O R M Zagreb, Aug
Page 5: TABLE OF CONTENTS Editor’s introd
Page 9 and 10: why something was done in a specifi
Page 11 and 12: material, the reminiscences of Gene
Page 13 and 14: logical and that is was organized b
Page 15 and 16: ordered the Flight/; Večernje novo
Page 17 and 18: In addition to the comment that “
Page 19 and 20: - the population was signifi cantly
Page 21 and 22: General Staff had traditionally cou
Page 23 and 24: However, aft er the Split Agreement
Page 25 and 26: military support to the RSK. Specif
Page 27 and 28: warrant the conclusion that Croatia
Page 29 and 30: war. But, it is certain that they c
Page 31 and 32: Of course, this does not disprove t
Page 34 and 35: Croatian soldiers (guardsmen) 34
Page 36 and 37: 36 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .
Page 38 and 39: (Croatian soldiers, 6 August 1995 (
Page 40 and 41: y infl uential Croatian politicians
Page 42 and 43: 42 THE BATTLEFIELD AND THE BELLIGER
Page 44 and 45: Th e Croatian Air Force and Air Def
Page 46 and 47: 46 THE SERBIAN REBELLION IN CROATIA
Page 48 and 49: helmets”. 35 Th ey brought relati
Page 50 and 51: standstill the Croatian Army was se
Page 52 and 53: attacks against the RSK. Th e Lika
Page 54 and 55: 54 CROATIAN FORCE OPERATIONS IN LIV
Page 56 and 57:
Th is was quite true, because the m
Page 58 and 59:
Croatian guardsmen between Mali Ša
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of UNPROFOR. In his letter to Boutr
Page 62 and 63:
62 THE SECOND BIHAĆ CRISIS On 11 J
Page 64 and 65:
64 THE CROATIAN RESPONSE TO THE SEC
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to 8 days; guarantee of civil safet
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July noted that on the previous eve
Page 70 and 71:
70 WAR PLANS (DEFENCE PLANS AND PLA
Page 72 and 73:
Under the pressure of Croatian atta
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Croatian Navy units received orders
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Knin (the fortress), 5 August 1995
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HVO 3 rd Guards Brigade with the Se
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1 st and 4 th Light Brigades, the 2
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of access to Benkovac. 177 Along th
Page 86 and 87:
Bribirske Mostine line on the way t
Page 88 and 89:
88 Conclusion Th e Split Corps Dist
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90 SPECIAL MUP RH UNITS IN OPERATIO
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Medak at about 2000 hours and then,
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Special Police units of the Croatia
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96 THE GOSPIĆ CORPS DISTRICT The m
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98 Execution of the Operation Th e
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day they reached the planned line:
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Th e 138 th Home Guard Regiment pus
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Croatian soldiers (Guardsmen) 104 C
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106 KARLOVAC CORPS DISTRICT Accordi
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and prevent deeper penetration on t
Page 110 and 111:
104 th Brigade, the Serbs committed
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decided to engage units of the 110
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order from Pašin Potok to the vill
Page 116 and 117:
116 Conclusion Th e mission of the
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Pontoon Battalion and the 1 st Sisa
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Before the start of the operation,
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order of the President of the Repub
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Bačuga. On the Petrinja - Jabukova
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advance the fl anks and the rear of
Page 128 and 129:
Petrova Gora, swept by the MUP RH S
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in the night of 6/7 August and orde
Page 132 and 133:
Colonel Čedo Bulat, commander of t
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134 BJELOVAR CORPS DISTRICT Aft er
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the 125 th Home Guard Regiment capt
Page 138 and 139:
138 Conclusion Th e Bjelovar Corps
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Batnoga - Cetingrad road and hit th
Page 142 and 143:
142 ARBiH FIFTH CORPS IN STORM With
Page 144 and 145:
Th e Joint Staff of the Army of the
Page 146 and 147:
146 Southern Th eatre During Storm
Page 148 and 149:
148 RESPONSE OF THE SVK SLAVONIA-BA
Page 150 and 151:
150 UNCRO, UN AND INTERNATIONAL REA
Page 152 and 153:
152 OVERVIEW OF THE OPERATION A pro
Page 154 and 155:
On 10 August the Chief of the HV Ge
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the liberation of Knin, all that re
Page 158 and 159:
order of the Republic of Croatia th
Page 160 and 161:
160 “ETHNIC CLEANSING” OR SELF-
Page 162 and 163:
On the fi rst day of Storm the deci
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164 To Croatian citizens of Serbian
Page 166 and 167:
166 CONCLUSION There have been quit
Page 168 and 169:
168 REFERENCES Balkan Battlegrounds
Page 170 and 171:
170 Books: AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHY Dav
Page 172 and 173:
172
Page 174 and 175:
174
Page 176 and 177:
Th e documents in the second chapte
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178 CONTENTS APPENDIX 1 - PLANS OF
Page 180 and 181:
9 1994, 20 November: Regular combat
Page 182 and 183:
7 1994, 1 February: Report of the O
Page 184 and 185:
184
Page 186 and 187:
Article 2 As of the date of entry i
Page 188 and 189:
188 3 1991, 16 May Knin Decision of
Page 190 and 191:
a single political and territorial
Page 192 and 193:
VI Th erefore, aft er the failed at
Page 194 and 195:
should not give cause to confl icts
Page 196 and 197:
VIII Cooperation in health and welf
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Such an act violates the basic inte
Page 200 and 201:
200 ____________________ Offi cial
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10. Agreement on the realization of
Page 204 and 205:
the Gornji Vakuf - Konjic axis, and
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est from our brothers and not what
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208 17 1994, 18 August Proposal of
Page 210 and 211:
210 1. CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE EXIST
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Th is will create favourable condit
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Th e commitment of SVK forces under
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Operational implementation of the m
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idgehead created earlier to off ens
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(3) 105 th air brigade: Collect by
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[...] To put it simply, the peaceke
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(...) Th e SVK is expected to inspi
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shall operate throughout Croatia. W
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Th e proposal according to which th
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230 23 1995, 18 May Borovo Selo Par
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Th erefore, territorial integrity,
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No. 01-02-41/1-95 President of the
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236 30 1995, 30 July Knin From the
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Chief of the HV General Staff Gener
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tarian aid for the survivors. Th ro
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UNPROFOR units on the ground, and h
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efugees to the fact that rebel Serb
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Th at was certainly one of the most
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lockade of Bihać over several mont
Page 250 and 251:
However, we fi nd it diffi cult to
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252 7 1994, 20 November Report of t
Page 254 and 255:
254 11 1994, 27 November Oštrelj -
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- 60,000 rounds for AA weapons; - 5
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1995, 17 February Oštrelj - Petrov
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1. Hostile forces Th e Croatian Arm
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Black market trade with the (Army o
Page 264 and 265:
264 26 1995, 11 June Knin Extraordi
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(...) 6. PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZATION
Page 268 and 269:
Original, typewritten, Cyrillic scr
Page 270 and 271:
3. Other issues: 1) Uncontrolled us
Page 272 and 273:
272 35 1995, 26 July Report of the
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other. Th erefore, the total value
Page 276 and 277:
276 36 1995, 26 July Communication
Page 278 and 279:
the line Brkića Koplje - Visoka Gl
Page 280 and 281:
280 41 1995, 31 July Vrhovine Th e
Page 282 and 283:
282 43 1995, 3 August Report of the
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Dmitar Obradović, former security
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286
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fi ghting tank and the combi-van ha
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290 5 [Okučani, July] Letter of th
Page 292 and 293:
1. Inform all authorized persons ab
Page 294 and 295:
Th e population eligible for evacua
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296 A S S E S S M E N T OF THREAT A
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- Pakrac - Okučani, the most likel
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- inadequate preparation and equipp
Page 302 and 303:
- 120,000 places in basic protectio
Page 304 and 305:
specifi c services and employees in
Page 306 and 307:
municipality. In other municipaliti
Page 308 and 309:
308 11 1995, 11 May Knin Report of
Page 310 and 311:
1995, 30 May Knin 310 12 Order of S
Page 312 and 313:
Original, typewritten, Cyrillic scr
Page 314 and 315:
2. Municipal civil defence staff s
Page 316 and 317:
Original, typewritten, Latin script
Page 318 and 319:
5. Surveillance and reporting servi
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To REGIONAL CIVIL DEFENCE STAFFS To
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Grahovo - Livanjsko Polje. Specifi
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Th e security system at all levels
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326
Page 328 and 329:
328
Page 330 and 331:
VI Police Forces in Krajina 330 VI.
Page 332 and 333:
332 DRAFT AGREEMENT ON KRAJINA, SLA
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334 (b) Th e defence of the Republi
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to mitigate the evasion of taxes an
Page 338 and 339:
338 Chapter IV Participation of Kra
Page 340 and 341:
340 PART TWO: ARRANGEMENTS CONCERNI
Page 342 and 343:
342 PART THREE: COMMON PROVISIONS C
Page 344 and 345:
2. All governmental organs and admi
Page 346 and 347:
346 Chapter XIII Special Constituti
Page 348 and 349:
2. Th e amendments and legislation
Page 350 and 351:
350 A N N E X B LIST OF HUMAN RIGHT
Page 352 and 353:
352 Article 4 Competence Th e compe
Page 354 and 355:
354 II. THE COMPETENCE AND THE POWE
Page 356 and 357:
7. In accordance with the provision
Page 358 and 359:
And you went to Knin? Yes, we came
Page 360 and 361:
Prosecutor Nice: You then met him o
Page 362 and 363:
Prosecutor Nice: What about the acc
Page 364 and 365:
Prosecutor Nice: Did you respond to
Page 366 and 367:
Prosecutor Nice: Let’s pause ther
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I briefed my diplomatic colleagues
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States, and that he absolutely had
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PROSECUTOR UERTZ-RETZLAFF: And when
Page 374 and 375:
PROSECUTOR UERTZ-RETZLAFF: You have
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PROSECUTOR UERTZ-RETZLAFF: Yes. Who
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PROSECUTOR UERTZ-RETZLAFF: Did you
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PROSECUTOR UERTZ-RETZLAFF: “Us”
Page 382 and 383:
BABIĆ: Th ey were integrated into
Page 384 and 385:
Croatian Memorial- Documentation Ce
Page 386 and 387:
PoD pozadinski odred logistics squa
Page 388 and 389:
ZZPO Zapovjedništvo Zbornog podru
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Đ Đerić Branko, 194, 196, Đinđ
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Stoltenberg Th orvald, 359 Stupar M
Page 394 and 395:
Čista Mala, 212 Čista Velika, 83
Page 396 and 397:
Ogulin, 40, 41, 73, 97, 106-108, 11
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398
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400
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