storm - Hrvatski memorijalno-dokumentacijski centar Domovinskog ...

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(Croatian soldiers, 6 August 1995 (photograph by Robert Belošević) 38
INTRODUCTION Few people in Croatia remain indiff erent to the word Storm. From the Croatian perspective, Storm is synonymous with victory, it is the symbol of the successful end of a years-long war. From the perspective of the Serbs, and not only of the Serbs in Croatia, Storm is an entirely diff erent symbol. Th e reason is simple: a diff erent view of the recent past and its interpretation. Ever since it has become the object of ICTY interest and proceedings, Storm has been a topical issue in Croatian everyday political life and not only a compelling event from the recent past. Apart from the press, in which it has been directly or indirectly a constant topic, Operation Storm is also the theme of papers having a more ambitious scope than a daily press release. In spite of the uncritical and celebratory texts of the Political Directorate of the Ministry of Defence, 1 the groundwork of Storm was matter-of-factly presented by the former Chief of the HV General Staff , Staff General Janko Bobetko (ret.). In his book All My Battles Bobetko published the complete directive which formed the basis for the subsequent execution of Operation Storm, 2 although the publication of the war plan of an army so soon aft er its draft ing was a rather unusual event. However, it could be said that Bobetko’s interpretation of Operation Storm is not correct, in principle, because he obviously was not familiar with the changes which were made aft er his retirement and which brought about modifi cations of the war plan. Th is is particularly the case with the presentation of the operation in the Banovina area, which totally omits the role of the Bjelovar Corps District, about which Bobetko knew nothing because he had not even envisioned it when he signed the directive for Storm-1 in June 1995. Operation Storm was also highlighted in the papers and a book by another Chief of the HV General Staff , Admiral Davor Domazet Lošo (ret.), 3 although some authors challenge his claim that Storm was an air&land battle. 4 Th e Operation was also given due coverage in publications 1 Oluja/Storm, Hrvatska vojna glasila (Croatian military press), 1, October 1995; Oluja, Hrvatska vojna glasila, 2, November 1995; Oluja, Hrvatska vojna glasila, 3, December 1995. 2 Janko Bobetko, “Sve moje bitke” (All My Battles), self-published; Zagreb, 1996, 422-432, 441-451, 462-475 and 484-491. 3 Davor Domazet-Lošo, “Završne operacije Hrvatske vojske - uvjerljivost vojne moći i/ili promjena strategijskog odnosa (Final Operations of the Croatian Army - Convincing Military Power and/or Change of Strategic Balance), <strong>Hrvatski</strong> vojnik, Zagreb, 22/1997, 12-21; ibid., Hrvatska i veliko ratište (Croatia and the Great Battlefi eld), Udruga Sv. Jurja, Zagreb, 2002. 4 Ozren Žunec, «Operacije Bljesak i Oluja», Rat u Hrvatskoj i Bosni i Hercegovini, 1991-1995 (Operations Flash and Storm; War in Croatia and Bosnia&Herzegovina, 1991-1995); Jesenski i Turk: Dani, Zagreb: Sarajevo, 1999, 100-101. 39
Page 1 and 2: Davor Marijan S T O R M 1
Page 3 and 4: Davor Marijan S T O R M Zagreb, Aug
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS Editor’s introd
Page 7 and 8: EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION EDITOR’S
Page 9 and 10: why something was done in a specifi
Page 11 and 12: material, the reminiscences of Gene
Page 13 and 14: logical and that is was organized b
Page 15 and 16: ordered the Flight/; Večernje novo
Page 17 and 18: In addition to the comment that “
Page 19 and 20: - the population was signifi cantly
Page 21 and 22: General Staff had traditionally cou
Page 23 and 24: However, aft er the Split Agreement
Page 25 and 26: military support to the RSK. Specif
Page 27 and 28: warrant the conclusion that Croatia
Page 29 and 30: war. But, it is certain that they c
Page 31 and 32: Of course, this does not disprove t
Page 34 and 35: Croatian soldiers (guardsmen) 34
Page 36 and 37: 36 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .
Page 40 and 41: y infl uential Croatian politicians
Page 42 and 43: 42 THE BATTLEFIELD AND THE BELLIGER
Page 44 and 45: Th e Croatian Air Force and Air Def
Page 46 and 47: 46 THE SERBIAN REBELLION IN CROATIA
Page 48 and 49: helmets”. 35 Th ey brought relati
Page 50 and 51: standstill the Croatian Army was se
Page 52 and 53: attacks against the RSK. Th e Lika
Page 54 and 55: 54 CROATIAN FORCE OPERATIONS IN LIV
Page 56 and 57: Th is was quite true, because the m
Page 58 and 59: Croatian guardsmen between Mali Ša
Page 60 and 61: of UNPROFOR. In his letter to Boutr
Page 62 and 63: 62 THE SECOND BIHAĆ CRISIS On 11 J
Page 64 and 65: 64 THE CROATIAN RESPONSE TO THE SEC
Page 66 and 67: to 8 days; guarantee of civil safet
Page 68 and 69: July noted that on the previous eve
Page 70 and 71: 70 WAR PLANS (DEFENCE PLANS AND PLA
Page 72 and 73: Under the pressure of Croatian atta
Page 74: Croatian Navy units received orders
Page 78 and 79: Knin (the fortress), 5 August 1995
Page 80 and 81: HVO 3 rd Guards Brigade with the Se
Page 82 and 83: 1 st and 4 th Light Brigades, the 2
Page 84 and 85: of access to Benkovac. 177 Along th
Page 86 and 87: Bribirske Mostine line on the way t
Page 88 and 89:
88 Conclusion Th e Split Corps Dist
Page 90 and 91:
90 SPECIAL MUP RH UNITS IN OPERATIO
Page 92 and 93:
Medak at about 2000 hours and then,
Page 94 and 95:
Special Police units of the Croatia
Page 96 and 97:
96 THE GOSPIĆ CORPS DISTRICT The m
Page 98 and 99:
98 Execution of the Operation Th e
Page 100 and 101:
day they reached the planned line:
Page 102 and 103:
Th e 138 th Home Guard Regiment pus
Page 104 and 105:
Croatian soldiers (Guardsmen) 104 C
Page 106 and 107:
106 KARLOVAC CORPS DISTRICT Accordi
Page 108 and 109:
and prevent deeper penetration on t
Page 110 and 111:
104 th Brigade, the Serbs committed
Page 112 and 113:
decided to engage units of the 110
Page 114 and 115:
order from Pašin Potok to the vill
Page 116 and 117:
116 Conclusion Th e mission of the
Page 118 and 119:
Pontoon Battalion and the 1 st Sisa
Page 120 and 121:
Before the start of the operation,
Page 122 and 123:
order of the President of the Repub
Page 124 and 125:
Bačuga. On the Petrinja - Jabukova
Page 126 and 127:
advance the fl anks and the rear of
Page 128 and 129:
Petrova Gora, swept by the MUP RH S
Page 130 and 131:
in the night of 6/7 August and orde
Page 132 and 133:
Colonel Čedo Bulat, commander of t
Page 134 and 135:
134 BJELOVAR CORPS DISTRICT Aft er
Page 136 and 137:
the 125 th Home Guard Regiment capt
Page 138 and 139:
138 Conclusion Th e Bjelovar Corps
Page 140 and 141:
Batnoga - Cetingrad road and hit th
Page 142 and 143:
142 ARBiH FIFTH CORPS IN STORM With
Page 144 and 145:
Th e Joint Staff of the Army of the
Page 146 and 147:
146 Southern Th eatre During Storm
Page 148 and 149:
148 RESPONSE OF THE SVK SLAVONIA-BA
Page 150 and 151:
150 UNCRO, UN AND INTERNATIONAL REA
Page 152 and 153:
152 OVERVIEW OF THE OPERATION A pro
Page 154 and 155:
On 10 August the Chief of the HV Ge
Page 156 and 157:
the liberation of Knin, all that re
Page 158 and 159:
order of the Republic of Croatia th
Page 160 and 161:
160 “ETHNIC CLEANSING” OR SELF-
Page 162 and 163:
On the fi rst day of Storm the deci
Page 164 and 165:
164 To Croatian citizens of Serbian
Page 166 and 167:
166 CONCLUSION There have been quit
Page 168 and 169:
168 REFERENCES Balkan Battlegrounds
Page 170 and 171:
170 Books: AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHY Dav
Page 172 and 173:
172
Page 174 and 175:
174
Page 176 and 177:
Th e documents in the second chapte
Page 178 and 179:
178 CONTENTS APPENDIX 1 - PLANS OF
Page 180 and 181:
9 1994, 20 November: Regular combat
Page 182 and 183:
7 1994, 1 February: Report of the O
Page 184 and 185:
184
Page 186 and 187:
Article 2 As of the date of entry i
Page 188 and 189:
188 3 1991, 16 May Knin Decision of
Page 190 and 191:
a single political and territorial
Page 192 and 193:
VI Th erefore, aft er the failed at
Page 194 and 195:
should not give cause to confl icts
Page 196 and 197:
VIII Cooperation in health and welf
Page 198 and 199:
Such an act violates the basic inte
Page 200 and 201:
200 ____________________ Offi cial
Page 202 and 203:
10. Agreement on the realization of
Page 204 and 205:
the Gornji Vakuf - Konjic axis, and
Page 206 and 207:
est from our brothers and not what
Page 208 and 209:
208 17 1994, 18 August Proposal of
Page 210 and 211:
210 1. CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE EXIST
Page 212 and 213:
Th is will create favourable condit
Page 214 and 215:
Th e commitment of SVK forces under
Page 216 and 217:
Operational implementation of the m
Page 218 and 219:
idgehead created earlier to off ens
Page 220 and 221:
(3) 105 th air brigade: Collect by
Page 222 and 223:
[...] To put it simply, the peaceke
Page 224 and 225:
(...) Th e SVK is expected to inspi
Page 226 and 227:
shall operate throughout Croatia. W
Page 228 and 229:
Th e proposal according to which th
Page 230 and 231:
230 23 1995, 18 May Borovo Selo Par
Page 232 and 233:
Th erefore, territorial integrity,
Page 234 and 235:
No. 01-02-41/1-95 President of the
Page 236 and 237:
236 30 1995, 30 July Knin From the
Page 238 and 239:
Chief of the HV General Staff Gener
Page 240 and 241:
tarian aid for the survivors. Th ro
Page 242 and 243:
UNPROFOR units on the ground, and h
Page 244 and 245:
efugees to the fact that rebel Serb
Page 246 and 247:
Th at was certainly one of the most
Page 248 and 249:
lockade of Bihać over several mont
Page 250 and 251:
However, we fi nd it diffi cult to
Page 252 and 253:
252 7 1994, 20 November Report of t
Page 254 and 255:
254 11 1994, 27 November Oštrelj -
Page 256 and 257:
- 60,000 rounds for AA weapons; - 5
Page 258 and 259:
1995, 17 February Oštrelj - Petrov
Page 260 and 261:
1. Hostile forces Th e Croatian Arm
Page 262 and 263:
Black market trade with the (Army o
Page 264 and 265:
264 26 1995, 11 June Knin Extraordi
Page 266 and 267:
(...) 6. PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZATION
Page 268 and 269:
Original, typewritten, Cyrillic scr
Page 270 and 271:
3. Other issues: 1) Uncontrolled us
Page 272 and 273:
272 35 1995, 26 July Report of the
Page 274 and 275:
other. Th erefore, the total value
Page 276 and 277:
276 36 1995, 26 July Communication
Page 278 and 279:
the line Brkića Koplje - Visoka Gl
Page 280 and 281:
280 41 1995, 31 July Vrhovine Th e
Page 282 and 283:
282 43 1995, 3 August Report of the
Page 284 and 285:
Dmitar Obradović, former security
Page 286 and 287:
286
Page 288 and 289:
fi ghting tank and the combi-van ha
Page 290 and 291:
290 5 [Okučani, July] Letter of th
Page 292 and 293:
1. Inform all authorized persons ab
Page 294 and 295:
Th e population eligible for evacua
Page 296 and 297:
296 A S S E S S M E N T OF THREAT A
Page 298 and 299:
- Pakrac - Okučani, the most likel
Page 300 and 301:
- inadequate preparation and equipp
Page 302 and 303:
- 120,000 places in basic protectio
Page 304 and 305:
specifi c services and employees in
Page 306 and 307:
municipality. In other municipaliti
Page 308 and 309:
308 11 1995, 11 May Knin Report of
Page 310 and 311:
1995, 30 May Knin 310 12 Order of S
Page 312 and 313:
Original, typewritten, Cyrillic scr
Page 314 and 315:
2. Municipal civil defence staff s
Page 316 and 317:
Original, typewritten, Latin script
Page 318 and 319:
5. Surveillance and reporting servi
Page 320 and 321:
To REGIONAL CIVIL DEFENCE STAFFS To
Page 322 and 323:
Grahovo - Livanjsko Polje. Specifi
Page 324 and 325:
Th e security system at all levels
Page 326 and 327:
326
Page 328 and 329:
328
Page 330 and 331:
VI Police Forces in Krajina 330 VI.
Page 332 and 333:
332 DRAFT AGREEMENT ON KRAJINA, SLA
Page 334 and 335:
334 (b) Th e defence of the Republi
Page 336 and 337:
to mitigate the evasion of taxes an
Page 338 and 339:
338 Chapter IV Participation of Kra
Page 340 and 341:
340 PART TWO: ARRANGEMENTS CONCERNI
Page 342 and 343:
342 PART THREE: COMMON PROVISIONS C
Page 344 and 345:
2. All governmental organs and admi
Page 346 and 347:
346 Chapter XIII Special Constituti
Page 348 and 349:
2. Th e amendments and legislation
Page 350 and 351:
350 A N N E X B LIST OF HUMAN RIGHT
Page 352 and 353:
352 Article 4 Competence Th e compe
Page 354 and 355:
354 II. THE COMPETENCE AND THE POWE
Page 356 and 357:
7. In accordance with the provision
Page 358 and 359:
And you went to Knin? Yes, we came
Page 360 and 361:
Prosecutor Nice: You then met him o
Page 362 and 363:
Prosecutor Nice: What about the acc
Page 364 and 365:
Prosecutor Nice: Did you respond to
Page 366 and 367:
Prosecutor Nice: Let’s pause ther
Page 368 and 369:
I briefed my diplomatic colleagues
Page 370 and 371:
States, and that he absolutely had
Page 372 and 373:
PROSECUTOR UERTZ-RETZLAFF: And when
Page 374 and 375:
PROSECUTOR UERTZ-RETZLAFF: You have
Page 376 and 377:
PROSECUTOR UERTZ-RETZLAFF: Yes. Who
Page 378 and 379:
PROSECUTOR UERTZ-RETZLAFF: Did you
Page 380 and 381:
PROSECUTOR UERTZ-RETZLAFF: “Us”
Page 382 and 383:
BABIĆ: Th ey were integrated into
Page 384 and 385:
Croatian Memorial- Documentation Ce
Page 386 and 387:
PoD pozadinski odred logistics squa
Page 388 and 389:
ZZPO Zapovjedništvo Zbornog podru
Page 390 and 391:
Đ Đerić Branko, 194, 196, Đinđ
Page 392 and 393:
Stoltenberg Th orvald, 359 Stupar M
Page 394 and 395:
Čista Mala, 212 Čista Velika, 83
Page 396 and 397:
Ogulin, 40, 41, 73, 97, 106-108, 11
Page 398 and 399:
398
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400
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