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municipality. In other municipalities at least squad strength units will be organized with
elements for chemical reconnaissance and decontamination; laboratory facilities will be
organized separately as feasible, as well as facilities for the decontamination of persons,
materiel and weapons, clothing, equipment and specifi c surfaces.
Considering the possible number and magnitude of fi res, in most municipalities it will
not be possible to organize civil defence fi re-fi ghting units which would meet requirements
in terms of protection and rescue in the event of fi re. Th erefore, maximum use should be
made of available and trained manpower and fi re-fi ghting equipment.
Moreover, in order to ensure timely intervention, the territory must be covered as much
as possible by universal civil defence units which can be used in fi ghting initial and
smaller fi res.
Because of the shortage of qualifi ed personnel and its impact on the training of units
for the inactivation and destruction of unexploded ordnance, at least one team ought
to be organized, conditionally, in every municipality. Th e training of such units will
depend on the availability of appropriately trained persons, mine clearance experts and
specialized members of MUP units. Such units need to be manned on a voluntary basis.
In addition to diffi culties in ensuring the necessary personnel, a specifi c problem will
be the provision of appropriate instruments, material and equipment for discovering,
inactivating and destroying unexploded ordnance.
Th e training requirements for fi rst medical aid units will be assessed on the basis of the
number of injured persons, preparation and qualifi cation of the population for self-help
and mutual help, organization and equipment of universal units, numbers of Red Cross
fi rst aid units and degree of development of the health care service. In the assessment
due attention needs to be paid to the fact that about 60% of the total number of injured
persons are light cases who can be dealt with through self-help, mutual help and with the
help of universal civil defence units. Medical aid for the remaining 40% more seriously
injured persons will be provided by fi rst aid units, bearing in mind the calculation that a
team can take care of 25 seriously injured persons over a period of eight hours. Such units
will be manned by drawing on already qualifi ed personnel and students of secondary
medical schools, possibly also by using unemployed health care workers. Other citizens
can also be called to help as stretcher-bearers, drivers etc.
Sanitation units will be formed in municipalities in which municipal services,
construction companies, health care and veterinary services are not capable, in terms
of their organization and human resources, of meeting the requirements regarding
protection and rescue measures.
Every municipality will assess on its own the needs and possibilities of organizing water
rescue units, veterinary units (for rescuing animals and saving foodstuff s of animal
origin) and, possibly, crop and plant product protection.
Depending on needs and possibilities, and on the degree of organization of the civil
defence in specifi c municipalities, special civil defence units can be organized at the
regional level as intervention protection and rescue forces covering specifi c regions.
Successful management of protection and rescue actions demands proper training for
such activities according to the following sequence:
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