liquefaction pathways of bituminous subbituminous coals andtheir

More documents

Recommendations

Info

In this study we have adopted N,N'-dimethylformamide(DMD as the reference solvent. The reason is that it has a powerful ability to solve many kinds of chemicals even inorganic compounds and it is also easy to purified. Table 2 summerizes the tyipical example of Coal Affinity ParametedKQ-value) determined for various chemicals, In these data it is particulary interesting that the f3naphthol(mp 122-123OC), nitrobenzene and maleic anhydride(mp 54-56OC) have higher %-values than pyridine. These compounds have long been assumed to have reasonably good affinity to coal, but their relative abilities were never compared. Figure 5 shows the relation between Coal Affinity Parameter(K value) and the electoron donor numberfDN). Surprizingly, a good correlation was %served towards wide range of organic compounds, particularly, a solid(crysta1) compound such as ethylenecarbonate(mp.350C) and a sterically hindered compound such as hexamethylphosphoramide(HMPA) in which coal used to give very small degree of 9 swelling, probably because of the steric hindrance. As previously discussed there seems to be reasonable relationship between coal affinity and enectron donor numbedDN), and now we can see a similar relation between the Coal Affinity Parameter(Kpa1Ue) and DN. Although this methodorogy proposed may not be a perfect one to evaluate the affinity to coal. but as far as the results shown in this Figure and Table 2, we are very much encouraged to use the KQ-value for the study on the chemical trasformations of coal. It will be also interesting to examine the dependency of %-value on the coal rank or the nature of the reference solvent , which are now underway in our laboratory. AKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was supported by the grant from the Japanes Ministry of Education(Kagaku Kenkyuhi Hojokin, Juhten Ryouiki Kenkyu) during 1989-1992. REFERENCES (1) T. Aida. K. Fuku . M. Fujii, M. Yoshihara, T. Maeshima, T. G. Squires, Energy & Fuels, 5, 79(1991) (2) T. Aida. Y. Shimoura, N. Yamawaki. M. Fujii, T.G. Squires, M. Yoshihara. T. Maeshima, Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. SOC., Div. Fuel Chem., 33, %8(19&3) (3) T. Aida, T.G. Squires, Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem.. 30,95( 1985) (4) J. Szeliga, A. Marzec, Fuel, 62, 1229(1983) 522
. . % . . 9 'HF 0 0 0 *. . 0 . . 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Elsctmn Donor NumbcdDN) Figure I Camlation between @value and Elcctmn Dom NumbedDN) (Illinois No. 6 Coal: 60100merh: at 2Bc) Table I Solvent Swelling of Illinois No. 6 Coal. in Butylamines at 20.0 f 0.5 OC amine vwb @ ?mdCP CSA' n-butylamine isobutylamine 1.0 11.9 2.56 2.57 1.54 32.1 32.8 Yec-butylamine fert-butylamine 5.4 599 2.41 1.96, 1.37 1.48 33.2 34.1 n100-200 US mesh. bV,, = Vn.h/V- V..a, = 3.1 x 10-1 min-'. CMeasured after 10 days' swelling. dDeterminated by means of Ubbelohde viscometer at 20.00 i 0.02 'C. 'Swelling is still continuing. * Cross-sectional Areal A' ) 523 4: I I I e. /' I I I' 7 I bi ; I 1.5
Page 1 and 2: LIQUEFACTION PATHWAYS OF BITUMINOUS
Page 3 and 4: the conversion of A+P and O+G with
Page 5 and 6: Asphaltcncs PrCasphaltenCS Cwr%, da
Page 7 and 8: NEW DIRECTIONS TO PRECONVERSION PRO
Page 9 and 10: ecause of incorporation of the coal
Page 11 and 12: should be considered more. The step
Page 13 and 14: 17 18 Run no. 0 cys I ToS-CyS TS-To
Page 15 and 16: INTRODUCTION Effects of Thermal and
Page 17 and 18: apid decline in modulus. The loss m
Page 19 and 20: -0.01- . 04 5 -0.03- E 6 -0.0s- c)
Page 21 and 22: Assessment of Small Particle Iron O
Page 23 and 24: yields are calculated by subtractin
Page 25 and 26: conversion is greater than the corr
Page 27 and 28: Table 3. Effect of Superfine Iron O
Page 29 and 30: EFFECT OF A CATALYST ON THE DISSOLU
Page 31 and 32: inherent volatility of Mo(CO), perm
Page 33 and 34: Analysis of the quantity and compos
Page 35 and 36: $ EO .- 0 m L 0 c 0 0 > 40 300 350
Page 37 and 38: 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.0
Page 39 and 40: of these studies indicate that cont
Page 41 and 42: Different levels of adsorption occu
Page 43 and 44: Nominal 2 Table 1. Concentration of
Page 45 and 46: - iF m 1.6 1.4 1.2 - - - 1- 0 0.8 -
Page 47: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Swelling of
Page 51 and 52: 1.50 KQ 1.00 0.50 I / ' 02 525 I 1
Page 53 and 54: hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atoms
Page 55 and 56: D to generate more D atoms. It is r
Page 57 and 58: 12. a. Poutsma, M. L.; Dyer, C. W.
Page 59 and 60: Figure 3. Minimum Steps to Explin D
Page 61 and 62: Apoaratus and Procedure Microflow R
Page 63 and 64: Model ComDound Test Figure 5 shows
Page 65 and 66: Figure 1. High resolution gas chrom
Page 67 and 68: Figure 5. Product distribution for
Page 69 and 70: THQ at somewhat higher temperatures
Page 71 and 72: areas of the particles and the SEM
Page 73 and 74: Experimental Catalyst Precursors an
Page 75 and 76: impregnating solvent. Table 3 shows
Page 77 and 78: of MoCo-TC2 at the level of 0.5 wt%
Page 79 and 80: Table 4. Effect of Temperature Prog
Page 81 and 82: In the past, chemical treatments in
Page 83 and 84: The effect of Corn20 preaatment on
Page 85 and 86: Reaction Time Figure 1 - Schematic
Page 87 and 88: DISSOLUTION OF THE ARGONNE PREMIUM
Page 89 and 90: A much more def~tive trend is seen
Page 91 and 92: EFFECT OF CHLOROBENZENE TREATMENT O
Page 93 and 94: same conditions and an extraction t
Page 95 and 96: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors thank t
Page 97 and 98: THE STRUCTURAL &=RATION OF HUMINlTE
Page 99 and 100:
to be originally derived from demet
Page 101 and 102:
145 30 I --/---Jh I , , I I , 250 2
Page 103 and 104:
THE EFFECTS OF MOISTURE AND CATIONS
Page 105 and 106:
1 for the Zap lignite. These result
Page 107 and 108:
content of the samples ion-exchange
Page 109 and 110:
Table 1. F'yrolysis Results of Vacu
Page 111 and 112:
585 I
Page 113 and 114:
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, SAMPLE SI2E
Page 115 and 116:
of some of the thermobalance runs.
Page 117 and 118:
2. The mechanism of drying is a uni
Page 119 and 120:
Influence of Drying and Oxidation 0
Page 121 and 122:
"c gives W conversion mpared to the
Page 123 and 124:
Table 1. Products dismbutions (dmmf
Page 125 and 126:
- 50 45 40 E 35 2 30 E T) 25 ap 20
Page 127 and 128:
Influence of Drying and Oxidation o
Page 129 and 130:
FTIR . . of the L m To investigate
Page 131 and 132:
CONCLUSIONS The characexizntion of
Page 133 and 134:
A b S 0 r b a n C e A b s 0 r b a n
Page 135 and 136:
An NMR Investigation of the Effd of
Page 137 and 138:
for determining the area of the pea
Page 139 and 140:
of the ronl roniponcnte nnd (2) the
Page 141 and 142:
2w 180 160 9 140 120 P loo f 80 P O
Page 143 and 144:
25 I 20 ' + 0 Drying lime, hours Fi
Page 145 and 146:
substructure have been identified a
Page 147 and 148:
Pyridine extraction showed that 60
Page 149 and 150:
Figure 1. Reflected white-light pho
Page 151 and 152:
Table 3. Pyridine Extraction Sample
Page 153 and 154:
A bang-bang control strategy was us
Page 155 and 156:
increased from 120°C to 135”C, r
Page 157 and 158:
* wt% based on the amount of naphth
Page 159 and 160:
Use of Biocatalysts for the Solubil
Page 161 and 162:
Results Enzyme Modification with Di
Page 163 and 164:
Conclusions Reducing enzymes can be
Page 165 and 166:
Dynamics of the Extract Molecular-W
Page 167 and 168:
where yi = (x-xi !/pi. The zero mom
Page 169 and 170:
satisfactory agreement between theo
Page 171 and 172:
0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 “E \ bo Y, - 1 0
Page 173 and 174:
The Use of Solid State C-13 NMR Spe
Page 175 and 176:
differences lie in the fact that th
Page 177 and 178:
I- z W 0 K W n PROTONATED AROMATIC
Page 179 and 180:
ZAP WIO SIDE CHAINS IN PYRIDINE EXT
Page 181 and 182:
ORGAFlIC VOLATILE MATER AND ITS SUL
Page 183 and 184:
(Figure 1). They indicated that the
Page 185 and 186:
Table 3. Elemental analysis of arom
Page 187:
1- 700'C Figure 3. GClFID chromatog
show all

liquefaction pathways of bituminous subbituminous coals andtheir

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?