liquefaction pathways of bituminous subbituminous coals andtheir

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I 5. Farcasiu, M., 1977, 'Fractionation and Smctual Characterization of Coal Liquid," Fuel. 569-14. 6. Qkh, W.H., and RJ. Tyler, 1984. 'Polymethylene Compounds in Low-Temperature Flash Pyrolysis Tars.' &qL 631119-1124. 7. Given, P.H., A Manec, W.A. Barton, U. Lynch,and B.C Gerstein. 1986, The Concept of a Mobile or Molecular Phase Within the Macromolecular Network of Coals A Debate,' Fuel. 65155-164. 8. Yun, Y., H.LC Meuzelaar, N. Simleit, and H.-R Schulten, 1991, "Mobile Phase in Coal Viewed from a Mass Spectrometric Perspective,' In ACS Svmws ium Series, 461:89-110. 9. Solum. M.S., R.J. Pugmire, and D.M. Grant, 1989, 'W Solid-State NMR of Argonne Preminum Coals,' EnerPr and Fueg 3(2):187-193. 10. Chou, M.-I.M., D.R. Dickerson. D.R. Mckay. and J.S. Frje, 1984, "Characterization of Coal Chars from a Flash Pyrolysis Process by Cross Polarization/Magic Angle Spinning "C NMR,' Liauid Fuels Technology, 2(4):375-384. 11. Colin, ES.. W.R. Landner, and K.D. Bartle, 1985, "Fate of Aliphatic Groups in Low-Rank Coals During Exvaction and Pyrolysis Pro~sses,' 64:1394-1400. 12 Barker, C, 1974, 'Programmed-Temperature Pyrolysis of ViVinites of Various Rank,' Fuel. 53176-177. Table 1. Yields of pyrolysis products from six coal samples (No. 6) (No. 6) (No. 6) (No. 5) Formation 1.05 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.78 face channel face face channel I channel channel channel Tar Yield (wt 5%) 450'C 3.2 14.5 10.4 121 11.9 7.3 600°C 3.1 14.6 15.8 12.2 13.8 8.3 Tar Sample No. 4WC T-18848 T-18857 T-16501 T-18560 T-16264 T-18440 Tar fraction recovered from chromatography (wt%) Acid 10.4 11.7 26.0 11.1 52.2 10.4 Base Neutral-Nitrogen saturate Aromatic 2.5 - 3.9 57.1 2.7 2.4 5.4 24.9 1.0 2.0 9.0 35.0 8.6 10.5 5.7 46.9 2.3 - 8.6 27.6 5.1 3.4 8.2 29.9 -. TarSampkNo. 600°C T-18848 T-18557 T-16501 T-18560 T-16264 T-18440 Tar fraction recovered from chromatography (w%) Acid 27.5 10.3 Base 20 5.2 Neutral-Niuogen - 5.4 Saturate 3.5 5.6 Aromatic 57.6 39.1 - not determutea - - 9.3 7.4 0.5 6.1 49.0 47.9 4.0 7.5 27.6 122 5.1 3.9 14.5 46.8 Table 2 Elemental analyses acid, base, and neutral-nitrogen, saturate, and aromatic fractions derived from coal sample C18440. Fraction Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulfur H/C Atom Ratio Acid 78.75 7.81 0.12 0.56 1.18 Base 77.29 7.73 3.85 1.13 1.21 Neutral-Nitrogen Saturate 78.42 79.75 8.18 12.22 0.38 __ 0.90 1.25 1.84 Aromatic -- not determined 79.50 9.22 . 0.30 1.05 1.39 658
Table 3. Elemental analysis of aromatic subfractions Coal (seam) Blue Creek Herrin (No.6) Springfield (No. 5) Tar Sample Number T-18848-450 'C T-16501-450 'C T-16264-450 'C Aromatic Subfraction 1 monoaroma tics (eluted with 5% benzene in &pentane) Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulfur 89.64 9.77 trace - 87.06 10.70 0.18 - 84.24 11.60 0.21 - WC Atom Ratio 1.30 1.46 1.64 Aromatic Subfraction 2 Carbon 89.97 87.26 84.91 diaromatics Hydrgen 8.02 8.21 9.03 (eluted with 15% benzene in q-pentane) Nitrogen Sulfur 0.23 - 0.07 - 0.25 - H/C Atom Ratio 1.14 1.12 1.27 Aromatic Subfraction 3 Carbon 85.81 82.48 84.41 plyaromatics Hydrogen 7.30 7.32 7.44 (eluted with mixed solvent Nitrogen 0.53 0.14 0.24 20% benzene, 20% ethyl ether Sulfur 1.10 2.37 2.37 and 60% methanol) WC Atom Ratio 0.97 1.06 1.05 Tar Sample Number T-18848-600 'C T-16501-600 'C T-16264-600 'C Aromatic Subfraction 1 monoaromatics (eluted with 5% benzene in &pentane) Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulfur 87.25 9.55 - - 87.74 10.20 86.71 10.70 - H/C Atom Ratio 1.30 1.39 1.47 Aromatic Subfraction 2 Carbon 90.55 86.14 85.45 diaromatics (eluted with 15% benzene in &pentane) Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulfur 7.71 7.25 - 8.01 - WC Atom Ratio 1.01 1.01 1.12 Aromatic Subfraction 3 Carbon 86.88 81.90 80.92 plyaromatics Hydrogen 7.04 6.90 7.81 (eluted with mixed soknc Nitrogen 0.35 0.34 0.90 20% benzene, 20% ethyl ether Sulfur 0.80 3.93 4.29 and 60% methanol) WC Atom Ratio 0.97 1.01 1.15 - not detectable 659
Page 1 and 2:
LIQUEFACTION PATHWAYS OF BITUMINOUS
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the conversion of A+P and O+G with
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Asphaltcncs PrCasphaltenCS Cwr%, da
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NEW DIRECTIONS TO PRECONVERSION PRO
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ecause of incorporation of the coal
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should be considered more. The step
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17 18 Run no. 0 cys I ToS-CyS TS-To
Page 15 and 16:
INTRODUCTION Effects of Thermal and
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apid decline in modulus. The loss m
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-0.01- . 04 5 -0.03- E 6 -0.0s- c)
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Assessment of Small Particle Iron O
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yields are calculated by subtractin
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conversion is greater than the corr
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Table 3. Effect of Superfine Iron O
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EFFECT OF A CATALYST ON THE DISSOLU
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inherent volatility of Mo(CO), perm
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Analysis of the quantity and compos
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$ EO .- 0 m L 0 c 0 0 > 40 300 350
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0 0 0 0 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.0
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of these studies indicate that cont
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Different levels of adsorption occu
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Nominal 2 Table 1. Concentration of
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- iF m 1.6 1.4 1.2 - - - 1- 0 0.8 -
Page 47 and 48:
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Swelling of
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. . % . . 9 'HF 0 0 0 *. . 0 . . 0
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1.50 KQ 1.00 0.50 I / ' 02 525 I 1
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hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atoms
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D to generate more D atoms. It is r
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12. a. Poutsma, M. L.; Dyer, C. W.
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Figure 3. Minimum Steps to Explin D
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Apoaratus and Procedure Microflow R
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Model ComDound Test Figure 5 shows
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Figure 1. High resolution gas chrom
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Figure 5. Product distribution for
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THQ at somewhat higher temperatures
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areas of the particles and the SEM
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Experimental Catalyst Precursors an
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impregnating solvent. Table 3 shows
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of MoCo-TC2 at the level of 0.5 wt%
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Table 4. Effect of Temperature Prog
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In the past, chemical treatments in
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The effect of Corn20 preaatment on
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Reaction Time Figure 1 - Schematic
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DISSOLUTION OF THE ARGONNE PREMIUM
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A much more def~tive trend is seen
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EFFECT OF CHLOROBENZENE TREATMENT O
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same conditions and an extraction t
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors thank t
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THE STRUCTURAL &=RATION OF HUMINlTE
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to be originally derived from demet
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145 30 I --/---Jh I , , I I , 250 2
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THE EFFECTS OF MOISTURE AND CATIONS
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1 for the Zap lignite. These result
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content of the samples ion-exchange
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Table 1. F'yrolysis Results of Vacu
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585 I
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EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, SAMPLE SI2E
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of some of the thermobalance runs.
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2. The mechanism of drying is a uni
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Influence of Drying and Oxidation 0
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"c gives W conversion mpared to the
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Table 1. Products dismbutions (dmmf
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- 50 45 40 E 35 2 30 E T) 25 ap 20
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Influence of Drying and Oxidation o
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FTIR . . of the L m To investigate
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CONCLUSIONS The characexizntion of
Page 133 and 134: A b S 0 r b a n C e A b s 0 r b a n
Page 135 and 136: An NMR Investigation of the Effd of
Page 137 and 138: for determining the area of the pea
Page 139 and 140: of the ronl roniponcnte nnd (2) the
Page 141 and 142: 2w 180 160 9 140 120 P loo f 80 P O
Page 143 and 144: 25 I 20 ' + 0 Drying lime, hours Fi
Page 145 and 146: substructure have been identified a
Page 147 and 148: Pyridine extraction showed that 60
Page 149 and 150: Figure 1. Reflected white-light pho
Page 151 and 152: Table 3. Pyridine Extraction Sample
Page 153 and 154: A bang-bang control strategy was us
Page 155 and 156: increased from 120°C to 135”C, r
Page 157 and 158: * wt% based on the amount of naphth
Page 159 and 160: Use of Biocatalysts for the Solubil
Page 161 and 162: Results Enzyme Modification with Di
Page 163 and 164: Conclusions Reducing enzymes can be
Page 165 and 166: Dynamics of the Extract Molecular-W
Page 167 and 168: where yi = (x-xi !/pi. The zero mom
Page 169 and 170: satisfactory agreement between theo
Page 171 and 172: 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 “E \ bo Y, - 1 0
Page 173 and 174: The Use of Solid State C-13 NMR Spe
Page 175 and 176: differences lie in the fact that th
Page 177 and 178: I- z W 0 K W n PROTONATED AROMATIC
Page 179 and 180: ZAP WIO SIDE CHAINS IN PYRIDINE EXT
Page 181 and 182: ORGAFlIC VOLATILE MATER AND ITS SUL
Page 183: (Figure 1). They indicated that the
Page 187: 1- 700'C Figure 3. GClFID chromatog
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