liquefaction pathways of bituminous subbituminous coals andtheir
liquefaction pathways of bituminous subbituminous coals andtheir liquefaction pathways of bituminous subbituminous coals andtheir
I 5. Farcasiu, M., 1977, 'Fractionation and Smctual Characterization of Coal Liquid," Fuel. 569-14. 6. Qkh, W.H., and RJ. Tyler, 1984. 'Polymethylene Compounds in Low-Temperature Flash Pyrolysis Tars.' &qL 631119-1124. 7. Given, P.H., A Manec, W.A. Barton, U. Lynch,and B.C Gerstein. 1986, The Concept of a Mobile or Molecular Phase Within the Macromolecular Network of Coals A Debate,' Fuel. 65155-164. 8. Yun, Y., H.LC Meuzelaar, N. Simleit, and H.-R Schulten, 1991, "Mobile Phase in Coal Viewed from a Mass Spectrometric Perspective,' In ACS Svmws ium Series, 461:89-110. 9. Solum. M.S., R.J. Pugmire, and D.M. Grant, 1989, 'W Solid-State NMR of Argonne Preminum Coals,' EnerPr and Fueg 3(2):187-193. 10. Chou, M.-I.M., D.R. Dickerson. D.R. Mckay. and J.S. Frje, 1984, "Characterization of Coal Chars from a Flash Pyrolysis Process by Cross Polarization/Magic Angle Spinning "C NMR,' Liauid Fuels Technology, 2(4):375-384. 11. Colin, ES.. W.R. Landner, and K.D. Bartle, 1985, "Fate of Aliphatic Groups in Low-Rank Coals During Exvaction and Pyrolysis Pro~sses,' 64:1394-1400. 12 Barker, C, 1974, 'Programmed-Temperature Pyrolysis of ViVinites of Various Rank,' Fuel. 53176-177. Table 1. Yields of pyrolysis products from six coal samples (No. 6) (No. 6) (No. 6) (No. 5) Formation 1.05 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.78 face channel face face channel I channel channel channel Tar Yield (wt 5%) 450'C 3.2 14.5 10.4 121 11.9 7.3 600°C 3.1 14.6 15.8 12.2 13.8 8.3 Tar Sample No. 4WC T-18848 T-18857 T-16501 T-18560 T-16264 T-18440 Tar fraction recovered from chromatography (wt%) Acid 10.4 11.7 26.0 11.1 52.2 10.4 Base Neutral-Nitrogen saturate Aromatic 2.5 - 3.9 57.1 2.7 2.4 5.4 24.9 1.0 2.0 9.0 35.0 8.6 10.5 5.7 46.9 2.3 - 8.6 27.6 5.1 3.4 8.2 29.9 -. TarSampkNo. 600°C T-18848 T-18557 T-16501 T-18560 T-16264 T-18440 Tar fraction recovered from chromatography (w%) Acid 27.5 10.3 Base 20 5.2 Neutral-Niuogen - 5.4 Saturate 3.5 5.6 Aromatic 57.6 39.1 - not determutea - - 9.3 7.4 0.5 6.1 49.0 47.9 4.0 7.5 27.6 122 5.1 3.9 14.5 46.8 Table 2 Elemental analyses acid, base, and neutral-nitrogen, saturate, and aromatic fractions derived from coal sample C18440. Fraction Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulfur H/C Atom Ratio Acid 78.75 7.81 0.12 0.56 1.18 Base 77.29 7.73 3.85 1.13 1.21 Neutral-Nitrogen Saturate 78.42 79.75 8.18 12.22 0.38 __ 0.90 1.25 1.84 Aromatic -- not determined 79.50 9.22 . 0.30 1.05 1.39 658
Table 3. Elemental analysis of aromatic subfractions Coal (seam) Blue Creek Herrin (No.6) Springfield (No. 5) Tar Sample Number T-18848-450 'C T-16501-450 'C T-16264-450 'C Aromatic Subfraction 1 monoaroma tics (eluted with 5% benzene in &pentane) Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulfur 89.64 9.77 trace - 87.06 10.70 0.18 - 84.24 11.60 0.21 - WC Atom Ratio 1.30 1.46 1.64 Aromatic Subfraction 2 Carbon 89.97 87.26 84.91 diaromatics Hydrgen 8.02 8.21 9.03 (eluted with 15% benzene in q-pentane) Nitrogen Sulfur 0.23 - 0.07 - 0.25 - H/C Atom Ratio 1.14 1.12 1.27 Aromatic Subfraction 3 Carbon 85.81 82.48 84.41 plyaromatics Hydrogen 7.30 7.32 7.44 (eluted with mixed solvent Nitrogen 0.53 0.14 0.24 20% benzene, 20% ethyl ether Sulfur 1.10 2.37 2.37 and 60% methanol) WC Atom Ratio 0.97 1.06 1.05 Tar Sample Number T-18848-600 'C T-16501-600 'C T-16264-600 'C Aromatic Subfraction 1 monoaromatics (eluted with 5% benzene in &pentane) Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulfur 87.25 9.55 - - 87.74 10.20 86.71 10.70 - H/C Atom Ratio 1.30 1.39 1.47 Aromatic Subfraction 2 Carbon 90.55 86.14 85.45 diaromatics (eluted with 15% benzene in &pentane) Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulfur 7.71 7.25 - 8.01 - WC Atom Ratio 1.01 1.01 1.12 Aromatic Subfraction 3 Carbon 86.88 81.90 80.92 plyaromatics Hydrogen 7.04 6.90 7.81 (eluted with mixed soknc Nitrogen 0.35 0.34 0.90 20% benzene, 20% ethyl ether Sulfur 0.80 3.93 4.29 and 60% methanol) WC Atom Ratio 0.97 1.01 1.15 - not detectable 659
- Page 133 and 134: A b S 0 r b a n C e A b s 0 r b a n
- Page 135 and 136: An NMR Investigation of the Effd of
- Page 137 and 138: for determining the area of the pea
- Page 139 and 140: of the ronl roniponcnte nnd (2) the
- Page 141 and 142: 2w 180 160 9 140 120 P loo f 80 P O
- Page 143 and 144: 25 I 20 ' + 0 Drying lime, hours Fi
- Page 145 and 146: substructure have been identified a
- Page 147 and 148: Pyridine extraction showed that 60
- Page 149 and 150: Figure 1. Reflected white-light pho
- Page 151 and 152: Table 3. Pyridine Extraction Sample
- Page 153 and 154: A bang-bang control strategy was us
- Page 155 and 156: increased from 120°C to 135”C, r
- Page 157 and 158: * wt% based on the amount of naphth
- Page 159 and 160: Use of Biocatalysts for the Solubil
- Page 161 and 162: Results Enzyme Modification with Di
- Page 163 and 164: Conclusions Reducing enzymes can be
- Page 165 and 166: Dynamics of the Extract Molecular-W
- Page 167 and 168: where yi = (x-xi !/pi. The zero mom
- Page 169 and 170: satisfactory agreement between theo
- Page 171 and 172: 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 “E \ bo Y, - 1 0
- Page 173 and 174: The Use of Solid State C-13 NMR Spe
- Page 175 and 176: differences lie in the fact that th
- Page 177 and 178: I- z W 0 K W n PROTONATED AROMATIC
- Page 179 and 180: ZAP WIO SIDE CHAINS IN PYRIDINE EXT
- Page 181 and 182: ORGAFlIC VOLATILE MATER AND ITS SUL
- Page 183: (Figure 1). They indicated that the
- Page 187: 1- 700'C Figure 3. GClFID chromatog
I<br />
5. Farcasiu, M., 1977, 'Fractionation and Smctual Characterization <strong>of</strong> Coal Liquid," Fuel. 569-14.<br />
6. Qkh, W.H., and RJ. Tyler, 1984. 'Polymethylene Compounds in Low-Temperature Flash Pyrolysis Tars.' &qL<br />
631119-1124.<br />
7. Given, P.H., A Manec, W.A. Barton, U. Lynch,and B.C Gerstein. 1986, The Concept <strong>of</strong> a Mobile or Molecular<br />
Phase Within the Macromolecular Network <strong>of</strong> Coals A Debate,' Fuel. 65155-164.<br />
8. Yun, Y., H.LC Meuzelaar, N. Simleit, and H.-R Schulten, 1991, "Mobile Phase in Coal Viewed from a Mass<br />
Spectrometric Perspective,' In ACS Svmws ium Series, 461:89-110.<br />
9. Solum. M.S., R.J. Pugmire, and D.M. Grant, 1989, 'W Solid-State NMR <strong>of</strong> Argonne Preminum Coals,' EnerPr<br />
and Fueg 3(2):187-193.<br />
10. Chou, M.-I.M., D.R. Dickerson. D.R. Mckay. and J.S. Frje, 1984, "Characterization <strong>of</strong> Coal Chars from a Flash<br />
Pyrolysis Process by Cross Polarization/Magic Angle Spinning "C NMR,' Liauid Fuels Technology, 2(4):375-384.<br />
11. Colin, ES.. W.R. Landner, and K.D. Bartle, 1985, "Fate <strong>of</strong> Aliphatic Groups in Low-Rank Coals During Exvaction<br />
and Pyrolysis Pro~sses,' 64:1394-1400.<br />
12 Barker, C, 1974, 'Programmed-Temperature Pyrolysis <strong>of</strong> ViVinites <strong>of</strong> Various Rank,' Fuel. 53176-177.<br />
Table 1. Yields <strong>of</strong> pyrolysis products from six coal samples<br />
(No. 6) (No. 6) (No. 6) (No. 5) Formation<br />
1.05 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.78<br />
face channel face face channel<br />
I channel channel channel<br />
Tar Yield (wt 5%) 450'C 3.2 14.5 10.4 121 11.9 7.3<br />
600°C 3.1 14.6 15.8 12.2 13.8 8.3<br />
Tar Sample No. 4WC T-18848 T-18857 T-16501 T-18560 T-16264 T-18440<br />
Tar fraction recovered from chromatography (wt%)<br />
Acid 10.4 11.7 26.0 11.1 52.2 10.4<br />
Base<br />
Neutral-Nitrogen<br />
saturate<br />
Aromatic<br />
2.5<br />
-<br />
3.9<br />
57.1<br />
2.7<br />
2.4<br />
5.4<br />
24.9<br />
1.0<br />
2.0<br />
9.0<br />
35.0<br />
8.6<br />
10.5<br />
5.7<br />
46.9<br />
2.3<br />
-<br />
8.6<br />
27.6<br />
5.1<br />
3.4<br />
8.2<br />
29.9 -.<br />
TarSampkNo. 600°C T-18848 T-18557 T-16501 T-18560 T-16264 T-18440<br />
Tar fraction recovered from chromatography (w%)<br />
Acid 27.5 10.3<br />
Base 20 5.2<br />
Neutral-Niuogen - 5.4<br />
Saturate 3.5 5.6<br />
Aromatic 57.6 39.1<br />
- not determutea<br />
-<br />
-<br />
9.3<br />
7.4<br />
0.5<br />
6.1<br />
49.0<br />
47.9<br />
4.0<br />
7.5<br />
27.6<br />
122<br />
5.1<br />
3.9<br />
14.5<br />
46.8<br />
Table 2 Elemental analyses acid, base, and neutral-nitrogen, saturate, and aromatic fractions derived from<br />
coal sample C18440.<br />
Fraction Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulfur H/C Atom Ratio<br />
Acid 78.75 7.81 0.12 0.56 1.18<br />
Base 77.29 7.73 3.85 1.13 1.21<br />
Neutral-Nitrogen<br />
Saturate<br />
78.42<br />
79.75<br />
8.18<br />
12.22<br />
0.38<br />
__<br />
0.90 1.25<br />
1.84<br />
Aromatic<br />
-- not determined<br />
79.50 9.22 . 0.30 1.05 1.39<br />
658
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