liquefaction pathways of bituminous subbituminous coals andtheir

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Table 2. Product Distribution from CO Pretreatment of Coal' CO, psig cold 200 Added water, ml 2 Products, wt% maf coal Water Insoluble 80.8 PA+Ac 2.2 THF Insoluble 78.6 Water Soluble Humic Acidsd 5.1 Ether Extract' 1.1 Oil+Gas+Water' 13.0 Elemental Recoveryg Carbon 93 Hydrogen 84 Nitrogen 79 Sulfur 62 Oxygenh 64 WGS Conversion' 78 H, Gas Consumedi WC Atomic Ratiok 0.75 Run Number 52 a 2 g dry coal, 4.4 wt% NaOH on maf coal 100% Nitrogen THF soluble-pentane insoluble Precipitated from acidified aqueous phase Ether extract from acidified aqueous phase 200 6 74.7 5.5 69.2 5.5 0.5 19.3 82 8 48 400 4 90.0 17.2 72.8 2.7 7.3 101 99 120 60 66 47 13 0.83 46 800 2 91.7 17.6 74.1 8.3 101 103 99 67 60 39 22 0.85 49 Oil+Gas+Water= lOO-[water-soluble- (maf)+water insoluble (maf)] 8 Total in combined water soluble + water insoluble f Oxygen analysis by difference ' WGS = H,O gas shift; % WGS Conv = [[COh-COo,J/Cqn] x 100 j H, Consumed is [mg H,(from WGS)-mg H2(final)J/g maf coal Ratio for water insoluble product. 624 800 6 89.7 18.0 71.7 10.3 97 107 91 97 59 53 26 0.92 45 8oob 6 80.0 80.0 7.0 13.0 97 81 115 51 56 0.71 69
Table 3. Pyridine Extraction Sample" Pyridine Soluble, wt% maf wyodak coal 4.5 N2/6 ml H,O/NaOH 200 psi C016 ml HzO/NaOH 800 psi C0/6 ml H,O/NaOH 6.4 9.0 60.0 a. 1.0 g water insoluble product extracted with 300 ml of pyridine in Soxhlet apparatus for 18 hours. Table 4. Liquefaction of Raw and CO Pretreated Coalaeb coal Raw PEVeated Raw Pretreated Time, min 15 15 60 60 THF Conv, wt% maf coal 49.4 60.8 74.8 83.2 Products, wt% maf coal PAtA 34.3 47.0 42.8 41.8 Oilsfwater 9.9 11.6 26.3 38.9 cot co2 5.0 2.0 5.4 1.9 HC Gases 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 H, Gas Consumed' 11 19 17 18 Total H, Consumedd Run Number 79 81/82 85 86 a. Pretreatment: 800 psig CO cold, 6 ml water, 4.4 wt% NaOH on dry coal, 3WC, 1 hr. b.Liquefaction conditions: 400'C, 800 psig H2 cold, 2 g pretreated coal, 2 g tetralin. c. H2 Gas Consumed = IH, in - H, ,,uJ/coal (mg/g maf coal); excludes H2 consumed by tetralin. d. Includes both gaseous Hz and hydrogen consumed from tetralin. 625
Page 1 and 2:
LIQUEFACTION PATHWAYS OF BITUMINOUS
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the conversion of A+P and O+G with
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Asphaltcncs PrCasphaltenCS Cwr%, da
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NEW DIRECTIONS TO PRECONVERSION PRO
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ecause of incorporation of the coal
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should be considered more. The step
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17 18 Run no. 0 cys I ToS-CyS TS-To
Page 15 and 16:
INTRODUCTION Effects of Thermal and
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apid decline in modulus. The loss m
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-0.01- . 04 5 -0.03- E 6 -0.0s- c)
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Assessment of Small Particle Iron O
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yields are calculated by subtractin
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conversion is greater than the corr
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Table 3. Effect of Superfine Iron O
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EFFECT OF A CATALYST ON THE DISSOLU
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inherent volatility of Mo(CO), perm
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Analysis of the quantity and compos
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$ EO .- 0 m L 0 c 0 0 > 40 300 350
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0 0 0 0 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.0
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of these studies indicate that cont
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Different levels of adsorption occu
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Nominal 2 Table 1. Concentration of
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- iF m 1.6 1.4 1.2 - - - 1- 0 0.8 -
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Swelling of
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. . % . . 9 'HF 0 0 0 *. . 0 . . 0
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1.50 KQ 1.00 0.50 I / ' 02 525 I 1
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hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atoms
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D to generate more D atoms. It is r
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12. a. Poutsma, M. L.; Dyer, C. W.
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Figure 3. Minimum Steps to Explin D
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Apoaratus and Procedure Microflow R
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Model ComDound Test Figure 5 shows
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Figure 1. High resolution gas chrom
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Figure 5. Product distribution for
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THQ at somewhat higher temperatures
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areas of the particles and the SEM
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Experimental Catalyst Precursors an
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impregnating solvent. Table 3 shows
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of MoCo-TC2 at the level of 0.5 wt%
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Table 4. Effect of Temperature Prog
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In the past, chemical treatments in
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The effect of Corn20 preaatment on
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Reaction Time Figure 1 - Schematic
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DISSOLUTION OF THE ARGONNE PREMIUM
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A much more def~tive trend is seen
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EFFECT OF CHLOROBENZENE TREATMENT O
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same conditions and an extraction t
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors thank t
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THE STRUCTURAL &=RATION OF HUMINlTE
Page 99 and 100: to be originally derived from demet
Page 101 and 102: 145 30 I --/---Jh I , , I I , 250 2
Page 103 and 104: THE EFFECTS OF MOISTURE AND CATIONS
Page 105 and 106: 1 for the Zap lignite. These result
Page 107 and 108: content of the samples ion-exchange
Page 109 and 110: Table 1. F'yrolysis Results of Vacu
Page 111 and 112: 585 I
Page 113 and 114: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, SAMPLE SI2E
Page 115 and 116: of some of the thermobalance runs.
Page 117 and 118: 2. The mechanism of drying is a uni
Page 119 and 120: Influence of Drying and Oxidation 0
Page 121 and 122: "c gives W conversion mpared to the
Page 123 and 124: Table 1. Products dismbutions (dmmf
Page 125 and 126: - 50 45 40 E 35 2 30 E T) 25 ap 20
Page 127 and 128: Influence of Drying and Oxidation o
Page 129 and 130: FTIR . . of the L m To investigate
Page 131 and 132: CONCLUSIONS The characexizntion of
Page 133 and 134: A b S 0 r b a n C e A b s 0 r b a n
Page 135 and 136: An NMR Investigation of the Effd of
Page 137 and 138: for determining the area of the pea
Page 139 and 140: of the ronl roniponcnte nnd (2) the
Page 141 and 142: 2w 180 160 9 140 120 P loo f 80 P O
Page 143 and 144: 25 I 20 ' + 0 Drying lime, hours Fi
Page 145 and 146: substructure have been identified a
Page 147 and 148: Pyridine extraction showed that 60
Page 149: Figure 1. Reflected white-light pho
Page 153 and 154: A bang-bang control strategy was us
Page 155 and 156: increased from 120°C to 135”C, r
Page 157 and 158: * wt% based on the amount of naphth
Page 159 and 160: Use of Biocatalysts for the Solubil
Page 161 and 162: Results Enzyme Modification with Di
Page 163 and 164: Conclusions Reducing enzymes can be
Page 165 and 166: Dynamics of the Extract Molecular-W
Page 167 and 168: where yi = (x-xi !/pi. The zero mom
Page 169 and 170: satisfactory agreement between theo
Page 171 and 172: 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 “E \ bo Y, - 1 0
Page 173 and 174: The Use of Solid State C-13 NMR Spe
Page 175 and 176: differences lie in the fact that th
Page 177 and 178: I- z W 0 K W n PROTONATED AROMATIC
Page 179 and 180: ZAP WIO SIDE CHAINS IN PYRIDINE EXT
Page 181 and 182: ORGAFlIC VOLATILE MATER AND ITS SUL
Page 183 and 184: (Figure 1). They indicated that the
Page 185 and 186: Table 3. Elemental analysis of arom
Page 187: 1- 700'C Figure 3. GClFID chromatog
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