Applicatopn dossier for nomination as a European Geopark ...

B. SCIENTIFIC DESCRIPTION OF THE REGION BEING PROPOSED FOR NOMINATION AS A EUROPEAN
GEOPARK
of plasters кунгурского a circle, hundred is caused by
display hydrochloric тектогенеза. It has defined wide
development here alkali processes and, as
consequence, specific forms of a relief. In the
tectonic relation the territory represents the
Baskunchak hydrochloric file testing a modern
raising, and мульду, filled with lake Baskunchak. In
the last of 15-20 thousand years the site tested a
raising with a speed to 0,04-0,06 millimetres a year. It
testifies to high tectonic activity in platform conditions.
Structural features, history of geological development
and climate have defined a geomorphological
structure of territory. The site денудационной plains
with an absolute mark of 149,6 metres Here settles
down. The plain Denudatsionnaja corresponds to a
hydrochloric file and smoothly passes in
accumulative which surrounds lake Baskunchak.
B.1. DEFINITION OF THE GEOGRAPHIC REGION IN
WHICH THE NOMINATED AREA IS LOCATED
The lake Baskunchak and mountain Bolhoe Bogdo are
located in the western part of Near-Caspian lowland on
the left coast of the river Volga. The main element of
hydrography in the given area is the salty lake
Baskunchak, it in Near-Caspian lowland which area
makes of the largest lakes about 12 square kilometres.
It is a large hollow not having a drain, being in the
central part in which flow down superficial waters from
surrounding heights. At lake coast is more than 70
ravines. At east coast «Gorkaj Rechka» - the largest
source is located. The absolute mark of a surface of
lake Baskunchak makes-21,3 metre. The western coast
more abrupt also has developed овражную a part. In
area there are small fresh lakes. They represent falls in
a relief. As a whole vicinities represent hilly plain.
On the character the climate of the given area concerns
a climate of northern desert. In a cold season
continental polar air which arrives with east or юго east
winds here dominates. In the winter these winds cause
cold, and in the spring - droughty hot weather. This air
has small humidity and low temperatures. In a cold
season intrusion of Arctic dry and cold air which cause
the sharp cold snaps accompanied by a strong wind
from northwest, northern and to northeast directions is
periodically observed.
In summer and autumn months the field of the raised
pressure quite often broken by passage of cyclones,
moving on average widths is established. At this time
year, as well as in the winter, prevailing influence
remains behind continental polar air which happens dry
enough and прогретым, arriving here with northern,
northeast and east winds.
Considerable deposits are observed seldom and
basically are connected with an exit of southern
cyclones.
Air temperature has sharply expressed annual course.
The coldest months in this territory are February and
January. Average monthly temperatures of air almost
identical also make 8,6 and 8,5 degrees of Celsius of a
frost.
The average annual temperature of air is equal 8,2
degrees of Celsius. Высокте summer temperatures of
air are combined with sharp changes of temperatures
of day and night, and as in low temperatures of winter
During большей parts of year prevail northeast and
east winds, reaching a maximum in a cold season. In
November, December, January winds east, from
February till May - northeast prevail.
Within a year deposits drop out non-uniformly. The
greatest quantity of deposits drops out in December -
26,5 mm, the least - in February - 18,3 mm.
B.2. GENERAL GEOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION
In the modern geological plan the area represents the
arch of the large Baskunchak hydrochloric file
surrounded межкуполными with hollows. Feature of a
geological structure is presence near to a day surface
5
Bolshoe Bogdo mountain
B. 2.1. Plain Denudatsionnaja.
The plain Denudatsionnaja occupies a considerable
part of territory round lake. Its absolute marks go
down from periphery in a direction to lake from 19,7
metres to 0 metres. During the period
раннехвалынской transgressions all territory has
been covered by the sea. Only the mountain Bolhoe
Bogdo with an absolute mark of 49-50 metres
towered in the form of island.
B. 2. 2. Karstic processes in lake Baskunchak
vicinities
Karstic forms of a relief around lake Baskunchak are
caused by an exit on a day surface осадочных
breeds old paleozoic the age, presented ander perm