A Palette of Verbs for Creating Stories

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A Palette of Verbs for Creating Stories
Instructions: Use these verbs to create Latin stories of your own.
1st Conjugation Verbs Associated English Words
altercare argue, quarrel altercation
auscultare listen auscultation
celebrare to celebrate celebrate
contaminare contaminate contaminate
captare capture captive
condemnare condemn condemn
continuare continue
creare create creator, creature
divinare to guess to divine, guess
eradicare uproot, destroy, eradicate eradicate
excitare wake someone up excite
explorare explore explore
ignorare forgive, disregard, ignore ignore
infuriare infuriate furious, infuriate
invitare invite invite
insultare insult insult
mutare change immutable, mutation
navigare sail navigate, naval
observare observe observe
optare choose, opt opt
postulare demand, ask postulate
pugnare fight pugnacious, pugilist
recusare refuse refuse (but with c instead of f)
spectare watch, look at spectator
sperare to hope, despair (lack of hope)
tolerare tolerate tolerate, intolerable
vexare annoy, bother vex
2nd Conjugation Verbs Associated English Words
absorbëre swallow, devour absorb
abolëre destroy, abolish abolish
cavëre beware of, avoid caveat
delëre destroy delete, deleterious, displease
docëre teach doctrine, docile
dolëre ache, be in pain dolorous
exercëre exercise, train exert, exercise
exhibëre exhibit, display exhibition
favëre to favor favor
gaudëre rejoice
inhibëre hold back, inhibit inhibit
invidëre hate invidious
jacëre lie down adjacent (lying next to)
latëre lie hidden, lurk, hide latent
manëre/remanëre remain, stay remain, remnant
permanëre last out permanent
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merëre deserve, merit merit
miserëre pity misery
monëre warn monitor, admonish
mordëre bite mordant/mordent
movëre move move
nocëre harm, injure noxious
obtinëre obtain obtain
parëre obey, appear [when called]
apparëre appear apparent
persuadëre persuade persuade
placëre please, give pleasure to placate
displicëre displease displease
prohibëre prohibit, hinder prohibit
respondëre answer respond, responsible
ridëre laugh ridicule, ridiculous
subridëre smile sub-laugh = smile
sedëre sit sedentary, sediment
praesideo sit in front, preside preside, president
tenëre hold, grasp tenacious, untenable
continëre contain
obtinëre obtain
retinëre keep, retain
sustinëre sustain
timëre to fear, be afraid of timid, timorous
terrëre frighten terrorize, terrified
deterrëre frighten off, scare away deter
urgëre to urge on, put pressure on urge
valëre be strong, valid valid, value
praevalëre prevail, be stronger prevail
vidëre see video, visible
providëre foresee, provide for provide
vovëre vow vow
3rd Conjugation Verbs Associated English Words
bibere drink beverage, imbibe
cadere fall cadence, cadenza
caedere fell, cut down, kill insecticide, fratricide
canere to sing, canary
cedere yield, move, go defend, defense
procedere go forward, proceed proceed
recedere recede, retreat recede
compellere compel, force compel
defendere defend defend, defense
desistere de to cease from, stop desist
dicere say dictate, predict, contradict
ducere lead, conduct conduct, induce, educate
educere lead out educate
deducere lead down or off deduce, deduct
emere buy emporium
frangere smash, shatter frangible, fragile, fragment, fraction
incendere set on fire incendiary
incipere begin, start incipient
invadere invade invade
legere read legible
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ludere play interlude, prelude, post-lude
mittere send transmit, intermittent
parere to obey obey one's parents
persuadere to persuade persuade, persuasion
ponere put, place postpone
proponere put forth, propose propose
rumpere break, burst, split rupture
e-rumpere break out, erupt erupt
inter-rumpere interrupt interrupt
ir-rumpere break in, attack
struere pile up strew
con-struere construct construe, construct
obstruere obstruct obstruction
de-struere destroy, bring down destroy, destruction
suggerere to suggest suggest
vendere sell vendor
vincere conquer, vanquish invincible
vivere live, be alive revive, vivid
3rd Conjugation -io Verbs Associated English Words
concipere conceive, imagine concept
facere make, do factory, manufacture, confection
fugere flee fugitive
excipere except, remove except
recipere receive recipient
incipere begin incipient
icere hit, strike
jacere throw eject, inject, object
rapere snatch, seize raptor, rapacious
eripere rip off, snatch away, steal
4th Conjugation Verbs Associated English Words
audire hear audio, auditorium
convenire assemble, convene convene, convent
dormire sleep dorm, dormant
obdormire fall asleep
oboedire obey obedience
punire punish punitive, impunity
partire share part, impart
scire know omniscient, science
nescire not know nescience
venire come venue
advenire arrive, come to (a place) advent
evenire come out, result event, eventuate
invenire come upon, find invent
convenire come together, convene, assemble convene
curcumvenire come around, surround circumvene
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TRANSLATION EXERCISE
Instructions: Examine the sentences below. Then cover the English and translate from the Latin. Then
cover the Latin and translate from the English.
Plautus et Julius sunt pueri parvi. Plautus and Julius are little boys.
Frequenter unä ludunt. They play together frequently.
Die uno, Plautus jacit lapidem ad Julium. One day Plautus throws a rock at Julius.
Julius iratus est, et Plautum icit. Julius is angry and hits Plautus.
Plautus effugit. Super lecto suo jacet domi Plautus flees. He lies on his bed in his house
suo et lacrimat. and cries.
Tristis est, valde tristis, et valde iratus. He is sad, very sad, and very angry.
icit sibi: Debeo punire Julium. He says to himself: I must punish Julius.
Epistulam igitur scribit. So he writes a letter.
In illä epistulä, condemnat Julium. In that letter he condemns Julius.
Deinde jacet in lacto et obdormit. Then he lies down in bed and falls asleep.
Dum dormit, constituit non mitteree pistulam. While he sleeps, he decides to not send the letter.
Novam epistulam scribat in quo dicit: Instead he writes a new letter in which he says:
Culpa mea. [it was] my fault.
Potes mihi ignoscere? Rogo ut mihi ignoscas. Can you forgive [to] me? I beg you to forgive me.
Julius amico suo ignoscit, et pueri denuo Julius forgives his friend, and the boys play
unä ludent feliciter. happily together again.
Using what you've learned, and with help from the palette of verbs for creating stories, create at least three
narratives, dialogs or stories of at least eight sentences in length.
PAST TENSE
Although Latin verbs in the perfective and imperfective aspect have different meanings, they are often
translated by an English verb in the past tense. It will be useful to indicate the different aspects in a distinctive
way when we reference Latin to English. We will do this as follows:
-ed 1 IMPERFECTIVE
-ed 2 PERFECTIVE
1. walk-ed 1 Ambulabam ad scholam. I [customarily] walked to school.
2. walk-ed2 Ambulavi ad scholam. I walked to school (referring to a single trip).
The term preterit or preterite is often used in place of perfective.
QUIZ
Instructions: Indicate the aspect of these sentences, either perfective (P) or imperfective (I).
___1. I baked a cake for you. ___2. I was baking a cake.
___3. I swam to the raft. ___4. I swam and swam.
___5. I worked to earn money for school. ___6. I worked at the airport.
___7. I used to work as a journalist. ___8. I worked until they released me.
___9. I worked the puzzle in 10 minutes. ___10. I went to Rome once last year.
___11. I went to Rome twice last year. ___ 12. I sang a song.
ANSWER KEY
1-P 2-I 3-P 4-I 5-I 6-I 7-I 8-I 9-P 10-P 11-I 12-P
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postulare (1st conjugation)
Quod postulavisti, Brute? Nihil postulavi. What did you demand, Brutus? I demanded nothing.
Et quod postulavimus? Nihil postulavistis. And what did we demand? You demanded nothing.
postul - a - vi - sti
root stem vowel past marker 2 2nd per. sg. marker
audire (4th conjugation)
Quod audivisti, Gaie? Nihil audivi. What did you hear, Gaius? I heard nothing.
Quod audivistis? Nihil audivimus. What did you (pl) hear? We heard nothing.
Quando venisti? Hodie mane veni. When did you come? I came this morning.
Quando venistis? Hodie mane venimus. When did you come? We came this morning.
aud - i - vi - sti you heard
root stem vowel past marker 2 2nd per. sg. marker
ven - i - sti you came
root past marker 2 2nd per. sg. marker
monëre (2nd conjugation)
Quando me monuisti? Heri te monui. When did you warn me? Yesterday I warned you?
Quando me monuistis? Heri te monuimus. When did you (pl) warn me? Yesterday we warned you?
vidëre (2nd conjugation)
Quem vidisti? Nullum vidi. Who(m) did you see? I saw no-one.
Quem vidistis? Nullum vidimus. Who(m) did you see? We saw no-one.
mon - ui - sti you warned
root past marker 2 2nd per. sg. marker
vid - i - sti you saw
root past marker 2 2nd per. sg. marker
THIRD CONJUGATION (VINCERE, DICERE, TRANSMITTERE)
Veni, vidi, vici. I came, I saw, I conquered. (famous words of Caesar)
Vicistis? Vicimus. Did we conquer? We conquered.
Vicisti? Vici. Did you conquer? I conquered.
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Quod dicsi, dicsi. What I have said, I have said (and there's no changing it).
Quod dicsimus, dicsimus. What we have said, we have said.
vic - i - sti you conquered
root past marker 2 2nd per. sg. marker
dic - si - sti you (have) said
root past marker 2 2nd per. sg. marker
transmi(tt) - si - sti you (have) transmitted
root past marker2 2nd per. sg. marker
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