Understanding Your Y-DNA Results Contents - Genebase

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mtDNA Haplogroups: GTB-DYR, VERSION 2.4, LAST UPDATED MAY 15, 2012 Downloading Y-DNA Results Region Major mtDNA Haplogroups found in region specified Native Americans A, B, C, D, X Oceanic and Aboriginal Australians P, Q, R, S East Asian A, B, C, D, E, F, G, M, Y, Z South Asian (i.e. India) G, M, R, W Europe and Middle East H, HV, HV0, I, J, JT, K, R0, T, U, V, W, X African L0, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 Y-DNA Haplogroups: Region/Population Major Y-DNA Haplogroups found in regions/populations specified Native Americans C, Q Oceanic and Aboriginal C, K, M, N, S, Australians East Asian C, D, N, O, Q, South Asian (i.e. India) C, H, L, Europe and Middle East I, J, R, T, Diverse F, G, P, African A, B, E, How can I find out about % ancestry? Due to the manner in which Y-DNA and mtDNA are inherited, they can only trace the direct Paternal line or the direct Maternal line and cannot provide percentage of mixed ancestry from other lines. The only marker that is inherited from multiple lines is Autosomal DNA. The % ethnicity test that some people refer to is done using the Autosomal DNA test. While we provide Autosomal DNA testing, we do not recommend using it for mixed ancestry as the purpose of Autosomal DNA is for relationship testing and it is not recognized for the purpose of ancestry testing in the scientific community. Some genealogists enter their Autosomal DNA results into a program called Omnipop to examine percentage of mixed ancestry, i.e. the % ethnicity that some people refer to. The following link may be helpful if you are interested in reading more about mixed ancestry with Autosomal DNA: http://www.genebase.com/tutorial/item.php?tuId=33 The link above provides a link to download the Omnipop program for free. To use the Omnipop program, enter your Autosomal DNA results into the program and it will automatically calculate percentages. Can DNA ancestry testing tell me a date or specific city? No. That is impossible. No DNA test can do that. There are no DNA markers that are specific to an exact date or city. Can DNA tell me a specific country or race? DNA testing can predict or confirm which “Haplogroup” you belong to. Due to admixture, there are no DNA types which are exclusive to only one country. However, there are DNA types which are found in greater frequency in a certain country. Once you find out which Haplogroup you belong to, you can find out which countries have the highest concentration of people of your genetic type. Can DNA give me names? Refer to Appendix 1 – Summary of Y-DNA Haplogroups on page 30 of this manual for details of each Y-DNA Haplogroup. No. DNA can be used to search for the people who are close matches to you and let you know their surnames, but it cannot give you a name. © 2012 DNA Ancestry Project | support@genebase.com 22
GTB-DYR, VERSION 2.4, LAST UPDATED MAY 15, 2012 Downloading Y-DNA Results Will it tell me the general region of the world my ancestors came from? Yes. When you test your mtDNA , you will find out which Haplogroup you belong to. Different Haplogroups are found specifically in different regions of the world. Refer to Appendix 1 of this manual for details. Which line will Y-DNA trace? Paternal line (father’s, father’s, father’s….. line). Which line will mtDNA trace? Maternal line (mother’s, mother’s, mother’s….. Maternal line). Which line will Y-DNA trace? Paternal line (father’s, father’s, father’s….. Paternal line). Will it tell me if I am Native American? Yes, Native Americans belong to Y-DNA Haplogroup Q on their Paternal line, and one of 5 possible mtDNA Haplogroups: A, B, C, D, and X on their Maternal line. If you are Native American on your direct Paternal or Maternal lineages, your Y-DNA and mtDNA test will show that you belong to one of the Native American Haplogroups. If your results show a Haplogroup that is not one of the possible Native American Haplogroups, it means that you are not Native American on your direct Paternal or Maternal lineage. Will it tell me if I have Jewish Ancestry? It will show you if you belong to a Haplogroup which is found in high frequencies in Jews. While there is no such thing as a "Jewish" gene, there are certain Haplogroups that are more strongly associated with individuals of Jewish descent. Both males and females can test their mtDNA to investigate their Maternal ancestry (mother's mother's mother's.... lineage). The mtDNA Haplogroups most commonly found in Ashkenazi Jews are K (31.9%), H (20.4%), N (10.1%), J (8.1%), HV (5.8%), U (5.8%) and T (4.8%). Males can test their Y-DNA to trace their Paternal lineage, but females wishing to trace their Paternal lineage must test the Y-DNA of a male family member such as a brother, father, or another male relative on the Paternal lineage. Much like mtDNA, there is no such thing as a Jewish Y-DNA type which is only found in Jews. However, there are Y-DNA Haplogroups which are commonly found in individuals of Jewish descent. The most common Y-DNA Haplogroups found in Jews are J (38%), E (20.4%), R1b (30.7%), G (9.7%), R1a (7.5%), Q (5.2%). Together, Y-DNA Haplogroups J and E make up almost 60% of all Jews. In particular, Haplogroup J1 is strongly associated with Cohanim Jews. The Cohanim modal haplotype, which is strongly associated with Cohanim ancestry is as follows: DYS393 = 12 DYS390 = 23 DYS19 = 14 DYS391 = 10 DYS388 = 16 DYS392 = 11 While Haplogroups can often be used to exclude or not exclude Jewish ancestry, Y-DNA STRs can also be helpful. The "Cohanim Modal Haplotype" shown above is found in 45 to 70% of Cohanim Jews. © 2012 DNA Ancestry Project | support@genebase.com 23
Page 1 and 2: Contents GTB-DYR, VERSION 2.4, LAST
Page 3 and 4: Tracing Paternal ancestry with Y-DN
Page 5 and 6: GTB-DYR, VERSION 2.4, LAST UPDATED
Page 11 and 12: D. Indigenous DNA (Y-DNA) GTB-DYR,
Page 17 and 18: How are matches ranked? GTB-DYR, VE
Page 21: G. Frequently Asked Questions: Am I
Page 25 and 26: H. Glossary GTB-DYR, VERSION 2.4, L
Page 31 and 32: Haplogroup Time and Place Emerged D
Page 33 and 34: Haplogroup Time and Place Emerged N
Page 35: Haplogroup Time and Place Emerged C

Understanding Your Y-DNA Results Contents - Genebase

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