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INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. 63
Perfoliated, perfoUata. Having the disk pierced by the
stem. Bupleurura perfoliatum. PJ. 6, fig. 10.
Grown together, connala^ coadnata. Opposite or whirled
leaves sessile and conjoined together by their lower part.
Dipsacus fullonum, Saponaria officinalis, Lychnis plumaria,
Periclynienum perfoKatum. PI. 6, fig. 8.
Sheathing, vaginantia. The base enveloping the stem
like a sheath. Orchis latifolia.
4. Direction.
Reversed, Folia deviata, ohliqua, adversa. When the
upper surface of the leaf is not turned from the ground.
Lactuca virosa, Allium obliquum.
% One-rowed, unilateralia, seainda. When they' grow
all on one side. Convallaria multiflora.
Two-sided, hilatercdia. When they grow on two opposite
sides. Taxus baccata, Abies taxifolia.
f Adpressed, appressa. When the face of the leaf is
applied close to the stem. Buchnera gesnerioides.
Erect, erecta. Forming an acute angle with the utmost
part of the stem. Typha latifolia, Sagittaria, Pinus syl-
"vestris.
Inflected, injlexa, i?icurva. Bent inwardly, Araucaria
excelsa, &c.
Open, patentiu, patula. Forming an angle of about
45 deg. with the upper part of the stem. Veronica fontinalis.
Antirrhinum vulgare.
Very open, patenlissima. Forming an angle of about
90 deg. with the stem. Glechoma hederacea, Cucubalus
bacciferus, Androsfemum vulgare.
Reflected, rejiexa, recurva. Bent down towards the
ground. Bryum pellucidum, Pulicaria uliginosa.
Hanging, dependentia, demissa. Growing down perpendicular
to the ground. Laureola sempervirens. Convolvulus
sepium.
Lying down, humifusa. Growing flat on the ground.
Bellis perennis.
^y Floating, natans. Lying flat on the water. Potamogeton
natans, Nympheea alba, Nuphar luteum.
Sunken, submersa, demersa. Growing in the water.
Hottonia palustris.
Emergent, emersa. Rising by their footstalk above the
water. Sagittaria sagittifolia, Alisma major.