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INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. 61
PROJECTURES.
ProjecturcB. Small rising edges, which beginning at the
setting on of a leaf, are prolonged upwards and downwards.
lieguminossB.
LEAA^ES.
Folium, in composition —phyllum. Expanded organs
generalhj attached to the stem, flat, green, horizontal, formed
for inihibing and exhaling different fluids.
1. Situation.
Seed, Folia seminalia. Placed immediately below the
plumule, formed of the cotyledons which rise above ground.
Raphanus sativus.
Root, radicalia, fundi. Growing from the top of the
root. Alisma major, Taraxacum officinale, Drosera ro-
tundifolia. PL 8, fig. 5, e.
Stem, caulinaria, caulina. Growing on the stem.
Branch, ramealia, ramea. Growing on the branches.
Joint, articular es. Growing from the knots or joints of
the stem or its branches. Gramineae, Dianthus.
Inferaxillary, inferaxillaria.
Tilia, Aster Chinensis.
Growing under the branch.
Flower, floralia. Growing at the bottom of flowers,
and not differing from the other leaves. Periclymenum
perfoliatum. These are not to be confounded with hractece.
2. Disposition.
In whirls, Folia verticilkita, stellata. More than two
leaves growing at the same height on the stem. Hippuris,
Asperuia odorata, Spergula avvensis. PI. 6, fig. 6.
By threes, terna. Forming a whirl of three leaves.
Lysimachia vulgaris, Verbera triphylla.
By fours, quaterna. Valantia cruciata, Rubia tinctorum.
By fives, quina. Myriophyllum verticillatum, Galium
Witheringii.
By sixes, sena. Galium uliginosum.
By eights, octona. Asperuia odorata. PI. 6, fig. 6.
% Opposite, opposita. Two by two, on opposite sides of the
stem. Veronica officinalis, Labiatse, Gentianeae. PI. 6, fio-, 8.
Crossed, decussates. Opposite, the pairs placed near together,
and crossing each other. Hypericum quadrangu-
lare, Euphorbia Lathy ris.