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52 INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY.
STEM.
Caulis. Truncus ascendens, AdscensuS;,—caulon. The
support of those parts of the vegetable ivhich usually appear
above ground, and bear the flowers and fruit.
1. Species.
Trunk, Truncus. That part of a tree which is naked,
and without branches.
Head, Cymus. That part of a tree where the stem is
divided into branches,
Straw, Culmus. The cyhndrical, usually hollow, stem
of a grass, with solid knots at certain distances. Triticum,
Avena.
Reed, Calamus. A simple stem, more or less hollow,
without knots. Juncus.
Root-sucker, Surculus. A branch springing from the
root, capable of being separated, and of becoming a new
individual. Rosa.
Stool, Stolo. A branch from the head of the root, bending
down, taking root, and emitting leaves here and there.
Pilosella.
Runner, Flagellum, Safmentum, Viticula. A naked
branch lying on the ground, taking root with a tuft of
leaves at certain distances. Fragaria vesca.
Offset, Propaculmn. A runner terminated by a leaf-bud
capable of taking root when separg,ted. Sedum, Sempervivum.
Rhizoma. Caudex desce?idens. A subterraneous, or su-
perficial shoot, which emits radicles. Iris, Filices.
Base of the bulb. Lecus. The flat plate of a bulb,
throwing out radicles beneath, and from its upper surface
the leaves and flowers. Cepa esculenta, Hyacinthus.
Bulbo-tuher. Comhus. A solid tuber placed on the
neck of the plant, and frequently covered with the base of
the leaves. PL 2, fig. 8. Crocus sativus.
Crown, Caudex. The part of an annual stem that remains
attached to a perennial root, and throws up the
next season a fresh stem.
2. Internal Parts.
Pith, Medulla. The fine cellular texture, usually white,
contained in a cylindrical cavity in the centre of the stem
of dicotyledon plants, and seeming to nourish the young
shoots. PI, 1, fig. 2, i to k.