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INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. 4©
Root stigmata, Stigmata radicis, S[iongiolcB radicales^
OroB radicum. Spongioles at the end of the root; very
visible in lemna and pandanus.
Tuber, Tuherculum. A thick, solid part, usually filled
with feculse, placed either upon the root, as in turneps,
earthnuts, filipendula, or on those lower branches of the
stem which are subterraneous and rootlike, as in the po-
tatoe.
Exostosis. A tuber of a woody consistence, not containing
feculae. Cyperus disticha.
yimpullce. Hollow globular bodies found on the roots
of some "svater plants. Utricularia.
3. Situation.
Subterraneous, Radix sulterranea. Most roots.
Exposed, aeria. Growing upon some part exposed to
the air. Viscum.
Aquatic, aquatica. Growing in the water. Lemna,
Utricularia, Trapa natans.
4. Suhsta72ce.
Woody, Radix Ugnosa. All trees, shrubs, and undershrubs.
Fleshy, carnosa. Thick, juicy, mostly formed of cellular
texture. Iris palustris. Beta vulgaris, Solanum tuberosum,
5. Form.
Threadshape, Radix Jiliformis. Lemna.
Fibrous, Jihrosa. The threads being of some thickness.
Cepa es.culenta. Ranunculus flammeus.
^Thongshape, Jiagellijorviis. Long, supple, slender.
Arenaria maritima, Carduus arvensis.
Cordshape, funiliformis. Of thick fibres like ropes.
Palms, Pandanus, Dracena.
Spindleshape,yz/.si/br7?iz,s'. Simple, long, swelled out in
the middle, and small at each end. Raphanus sativus.
Turnep shape, napijhrmis. Simple, globular. Brassica
macrorhiza.
Conical, conica. Gradually decreasing from top to bottom,
Daucus vulgaris.
Cylindrical, teres. Dictamnus albus.
Roundish, suhrotunda. Bunium majus, B. minus.
Tuberous, tuberosa. In thick fleshy masses. Cyclamen,
Solanum tuberosum, Bryonia dioica.
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