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INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. 223
Lichens.
Frond, Frons, Thallus, Recepiaculum uniuersale. The
frond or cormus of a lichen, containing sporee or gongyli
dispersed through its substance.
Fibrits, Filrillce. The rootlike holdfasts.
Cortical substance, Sulstantia corticalis. The external
substance of the frond.
Medullary substance, Sulstantia medullaris. The internal "
substance of the frond, when it can be distinguished.
Podetium. An elevation of the thallus raising up the
apothecia.
Podlcellum. A very small, short podetium.
Apothecimv, Thalamus, Receptaciilam partiale. The partial
receptacle of the gongyles either sessile or raised upon
a podetium, that are placed on the frond.
Apothecia vera, Organafcemina. The apothecia that are
more constant in their appearance, and of which only one
kind are found in the same individual.
Apothecia spuria, Apothecia accessoria, Organa mascula.
The apothecia less constant, and of which several kinds are
sometimes found on the same plant, including cephalodia,
cypheilse, pulvinuli, and perhaps soredia.
Scutellce. Orbicular sessile apothecia surrounded by an
edge similar to the thallus. Parmelia.
PatellulcE. Orbicular sessile apothecia, with a border
not similar to the thallus. Lecidea.
LireUce. Sessile, linear, winding apothecia, opening by
a longitudinal slit. Opegrapha.
Pilidia. Orbicular, hemispherical apothecia, whose surface
resolves into a powder. Calycium.
Orhillo:. Apothecia placed on podetia, enlarged into a
disk, fringed or radiated on the edge. Usnea.
Peltce. Rather leatherlike apothecia, on the edge of the
thallus, without any edge, or a very narrow one, and covered
at first with a thin, gelatinous membrane. Physcia.
TriccB, Gyromata. Orbicular, sessile apothecia, wath
rising folds in a spiral form, opening longitudinally, and
emitting capsules, or elytrae, containing eight spores each.
Mammula. Apothecia which are sessile, but are more
convex than the scutellee or patellulse, and have neither
edge or border. Coniocarpon.
TuberculcF. Spherical apothecia, which contain within
them agglomerated globular spores. Verrucaria.