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INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY'. 193
Hooked, lappaceum. Furnished with hooked points,
like the involucrum of arctium lappa. Sanicula Europasa,
Myosotis Cappula.
Spinous, spiiiellosum, echinatum. Stramonium foetidum,
iEschylus Hippocastanum, Cucumis prophetarum.
4. Substance.
Membranaceous, Pericarpium memhranaceum. Salsola
Tragus, Col u tea.
Paperlike, ckartaceum. Anagallis phoenicia, Cerefolium
sylvestre, Coriandrum.
Leatherlike, coriaceum. Helianthus annuus, Trapa natans,
Lupinus, Arachis hypogcea.
Crustaceous, crustaceum. Dry, thin, and brittle. Pas-
serina.
Woody, lignosum. Lecythis, Cassia Fistula, Hymensea
Courbaril.
Corky, suherosum, fungosum. ^Ethusa cynapium, Raphanus
sativus. -
Pulpy, pulposum. Ribes, Vitis, Rubus.
Fleshy, carnosum. Mains.
Valves.
Valvse, Valvulae. The pieces composing the sides of
some pericarps, which open when ripe, and separate. Pi. 16,
fig. 8, 14, 15 and 29.
Longitudinal, Falvce lojigitudinales. The suture perpendicular
to the base of the pericarp. Cheiranthus fruticu-
losus, Ruellia ovata.
Transverse, transversa'. The suture parallel to the base
of the pericarp. Anagallis arvensis, Hyoscyamus.
Re-entering, mtrojiexce. Edges bent inwards towards
the centre of the pericarp. Colchicum, Rhododendrum.
Re-entering conjointly, conjunctim introjiexce. The
contiguous re-entering valves united together in that part
which penetrates within the pericarp. Rhododendron
Ponticum
.
Re-entering distinctly, distinctim-introjiexce. The contiguous
re-entering valves not united together in that part
Tj'hich penetrates into the pericarp. Colchicum.
Parting, hipartihiles. Splitting when they open into two
parts lengthways. Veronica, Digitalis speciosa, Nicotiana^
—These bipartible valves are evidently composed of two
VOL. I.