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120
INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY.
The principal distinctions of the cupule must be taken
from its appearance in the fruit.
In general the cupule is very different from the common
leaves, but there is a regular series of changes from the
cupule of the corylus avellana, which resembles two leaves
united together by their edges, through the quercus composed
of small scales or bracteae soldered together by their
lower part, and scarcely differing from some involucrums,
and the ephedra, in which the sheaths at each joint are
evidently opposite leaves soldered together, approaching
near the fruit, and composing a series of cupules set one
within another; and so on to the cupule of pinus,' abies, &c.
Glume.
Bale, Calyx, External glume, Gluma, Calyx, Gluma exterior,
Gluma calycinalis, Tegmen, Lepicena. The ex-
ternal common involucnim of the Jiowers of the grasses,
situated at the bottom of the locusta.
Cupule-like, Gluma cupuUformis. Having the appearance
of a cupule. Alopecurus agrestis.
Involucrated, involucrata. Surrounded by an involucrum.
Cynosurus cristatus.
5[ One-flowered, unifiora. Alopecurus agrestis, Oryza
sativa, Hordeum, Zeocriton.
Two-flowered, Uflora.
natus, Aira caryophyllea.
Panicum, Holcus mollis, H. la-
Three-flowered, trifiora. Antlioxanthum odoratum.
Many-flowered, mult'ifiora. Briza, Cynosurus, Festuca
fluitans, Lolium, Avena, Bromus, Secale.
% Longer than the glumelle, glumeUd longlor. Avena
fatua, A. sterilis, Achnatherium lanceolatum.
Shorter than the glumelle, glumelld Irevior. Bromus
arvensis, Secale cereale.
% One-spathelled, unispatheUata, nnipaleacea. Formed
of only one spathelle. Eleocharis palustris.
Two-spathelled, bispathellafa, bipaleacea. Formed of
two spathelles. Bromus, Triticum, Avena, Secale.
Spathelles.
Valves, Glumes, Chafls, Spathellse, Valvulee, Glumse,
Paleee. The pieces that compose the glume.
Opposite, Spathellce oppositce. Two pieces, attached
opposite each other at the same height. Triticum, Secale,
^gilops. PI. 12, fig. 12.