Sheep - AgRIS

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Thus a characteristic tendency of Indian carpets for shedding, when cleaned by a vacuum cleaner, could possibly be ascribed to this higher percentage of medullated fibres and kemp. It will thus be necessary to decrease the medullation percentage especially the kempy fibres and to reduce the average fibre diameter for improving the carpet quality. Earlier work on selection against medullation percentage in Deccani and Bikaneri (Magra) breeds for producing non-hairy fine wool indicated possibilities of reduction in medullation percentage as well as a simultaneous decrease in average fibre diameter. Such selection also resulted in a decrease in wool production, body weight and fertility possibly due to some inevitable ir; breeding due to small flock/sample size. Very little work has been done for estimating the genetic and phenotypic parameters of wool quality traits in Indian carpet wool breeds. The available estimates based on small set of unadjusted data for most of the tangible environmental effects indicate that most of the quality traits have high heritability. Thus se-lection based on medullation percentage and 6 monthly greasy fleece weight; the former given a negative weightage, would not only im-prove the wool yield but also the wool quality. Apparently more research is parameters of greasy fleece weight, fleece quality. body wieght, reproductive efficiency and survivability, so as to develop an index incorporating the six monthly body weight, first six month greasy fleece weight and medullation percentage is required. Re-search programmes on these lines are suggested. The development programmes for improving carpet wool en- visage selective breeding in breeds like Marwari, Jaisalmeri, Magra and Pugal in Rajasthan and Marwari sheep in Gujarat. The selec tion should be for greasy fleece weight but against medullation. As already indicated, the programme should incorporate six monthly body weight and medullation percentage which would involve proper reording of body weights, fleece weights and quality traits. Upgrading of these Southern breeds with some of the North Indian carpet wool breeds like Magra and Nali has also shown some promise. It may be desirable to use them for upgrading for better carpet quality in Peninsular and Eastern regions. Usefulness of crossbreeding of Indian carpet wool breeds with those of middle Southern east countries having better fleece quality especially luster, is also proposed. The introduction of exotic inheritance may improve the lusture and loftiness hitherto lacking in Indian wools. Table 6.1 Weighted means and the corresponding standard errors for fleece characteristics in native breeds of sheep Greasy fleece weight (kg) Fleece quality characteristics Breed Ist six 1st annual 6 months Adult Medullation Staple Fibre Fleece months adult annual percentage length (cm) diameter density cm 2 Nali 0.95±0.06 – 1.46±0.01 2.91 30.74±0.40 8.31±0.14 34.92±0.69 1271.33±37.8 (2-08) (6702) (374) (604) (935) (72) Chokla 0.86±0.34 – 1.39±0.01 2.79 24.01±0.62 4.70±0.07 28.22±0.20 1008.7±46.5 (552) (5919) (656) (655) (720) (24) Bikaneri – – 1.09±0.002 2.17±0.01 48.29±0.39 5.81±0.02 32.45±0.35 – (1833) (649) (2968) (2851) (2851) Pugal – – 0.80±0.02 1.60 61.86±0.62 5.71±0.04 35.13±1.00 – (72) (524) (513) (524) Marwari – 0.73±0.02 – 0.89±0.02 72.69±0.90 8.55±0.07 39.87±0.36 – (1441) (441) (390) (327) (390) Patanwadi – 0.91±0.01 – 0.91±0.05 33.55±0.39 6.69±0.07 30.76±0.22 1053±13.88 (1407) (3317) (2496) (3012) (2496) (1093) Jaisalmeri – – 0.77±0.07 1.54 64.1±3.1 6.46 39.1±2.76 – (28) (35) (35) Malpura 0.48±0.01 – 0.54±0.004 1.08 71.84±0.17 5.60±0.0001 41.95±0.37 – (906) (6322) (363) (453) Sonadi 0.46±0.10 – 0.45±0.01 0.91 83.3±2.1 4.58±0.27 52.65±1.77 – (224) (5675) (60) (60) (143) Deccani – – – 0.74±0.02 24.17±1.02 6.95±0.23 34.91±0.47 1384±26 (225) (266) (47) (266) (157) Bellary – 1.23±0.03 – 1.00±0.03 43.43±1.42 – 59.03±1.06 346±9 (56) (88) (81) (36) (36) With in Parenthesis are the number of observations. Grading up with superior indigenous breeds (Bikaneri) was undertaken in An&a Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. The results were not very encouraging in the southern states as the Bikaneri rams did not survive long because of their poor adaptation to hot and humid climate. There was, however, an improvement in wool production and quality as 385
eflected by increase in average fleece weight and decrease in average fibre diameter. The improvement through such crossing has been quite substantial in Uttar Pradesh as neither the rams of Rajasthan breeds nor their crosses face serious problem of survival as in the more hot and humid southern states. 6.2.2.2 Crossbreeding with exotic breeds The improvement in fine wool production can be brought about through selection for the fleece weight and fleece quality. Although the fleece weight and fleece quality characters are moderate to highly heritable (transmissible from parent to the progeny) and selection within the native breeds will improve the wool production and quality, the progress through selection will be a slow process because the level of performance of indigenous breeds is rather low. Earlier experiments conducted for improving wool quality through selection have shown considerable success. Such selective breeding against per cent medullated (hairy) fibres have been undertaken on Deccani sheep at <strong>Sheep</strong> Breeding Research Station, Poona and on Bikaneri and Lohi at Government Livestock Farm, Hisar. There was a considerable decrease in hairiness and a correlated decrease in average fibre diameter (fibre fineness). Although evaluation of fleece quality could be made visually, for more accurate evaluation, recording of fibre diameter and medullation percentage would be necessary and this may not be possible for large scale selection programme under field conditions. For faster improvement, it may be desirable to upgrade the in-ferior wool producing breeds with native superior wool producing breeds or by crossbreeding with exotic fine wool breeds. Crossbreeding trials with exotic breeds botb Merino and British, have been undertaken during pre-independence era and the results indicate marked ( 2 to 2.5 times) improvement in wool production and considerable improvement in wool quality. Merino crosses were observed to thrive better than those of British breed. Crossbreeding experiments carried out in a number of states involving a number of exotic fine wool breeds indicate that Rambouillet crosses performed better than Merino crosses and out of the native breeds the superior carpet wool breed like Magra produce better crossbreds. Results of crossing indigenous carpet wool breeds with exotic fine wool, mutton and dual purpose breeds are presented in Table 6.2. Not only an improvement in greasy fleece production but also in quality traits like decrease in average fibre diameter and medualltion percenage was relatively perceptible in crosses than the native breeds. The meduallated fibres in the crossbred wools were not only finer but also mostly heterotypic. Kemp was also reduced. Some of these wools are liable to be graded as medium/superior carpet wool. The results of crossbreeding experiments indicate that there is little difference among the exotic fine wool breeds in crosses with the native breeds and there is substantial improvement in greasy wool production especially in low fleece yielding breeds and in fleece quality as reflected by a decline in average fibre diameter and medullation percentage. There is little increase in greasy wool production beyond 50% exotic inheritance although there is further improvement in fleece quality. In general the animals with 75% ex otic inheritance are more disease susceptible and have higher mortality as is the experience of introducting the halfbreds and 3/4th rams in the field in North-western region. The experience in Jammu & Kashmir, however, indicates that under temperate and sub-temperate conditions it may be possible to sustain 75% exotic fine wool inheritance. It is recommended that in north and southern hilly regions exotic fine wool inheritance from Merino or Rambouillet may be introduced between 50 to 75% keeping in view the climatic and nutritional conditions and stabilized between these levels through interbreeding. Further improvement should be brought in greasy fleece production through selection and for this purpose, the state Government should have large farms for producing stud breeding rams for distribution to the sheep breeders. In the Northwestern arid region, the level of exotic fine wool inheritance may be stabilized at 50% and further improvement in greasy wool production and quality especially the reduction in medullation percentage may be brought about through selection. The ad-hoc committee on sheep breeding policy also recommended that in Northern temperate zone comprising of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and hilly regions of Uttar Pradesh, the crossbreeding with Rambouillet and/or Merino should be undertaken for 386
Page 1 and 2: 1. Introduction ANNEXURE - IX-C SHE
Page 3 and 4: 2. Classification, Origin and Domes
Page 5 and 6: Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka,
Page 7 and 8: different states it is estimated th
Page 9 and 10: Table 3.3 continued...... Country N
Page 11 and 12: een possible because of its substan
Page 13 and 14: (USA). The Rambouillet as purebreds
Page 15 and 16: ii) Marwari Deriving its name from
Page 17 and 18: Pradesh and Bihar, Bijapur, Gulbarg
Page 19 and 20: elatively tall with little hair exc
Page 21 and 22: 4.2 Distribution of type breeds in
Page 23 and 24: Table 4.1 continued...... Region/Br
Page 25 and 26: Table 4.2 continued....... SI. Bree
Page 27 and 28: 5. Genetics 5.1 Chromosome Profile
Page 29 and 30: esponsible for the formation of one
Page 31 and 32: the exercise these animals did not
Page 33 and 34: For understanding the inheritance o
Page 35 and 36: with a dense growth of relatively l
Page 37 and 38: produced on rations which contain i
Page 39 and 40: The Coefficient of Variation The co
Page 41 and 42: 5.6.3 Wool Production/Wool yield an
Page 43 and 44: 6. Breeding 6.1 Components of Sheep
Page 45 and 46: elationships. Certain coat colors a
Page 47 and 48: Selection on this basis means that
Page 49: ii) Independent Culling Method In t
Page 53 and 54: at 75 or 8-4 monthly intervals comp
Page 55 and 56: Based on the crossbreeding results,
Page 57 and 58: Table 6.8 Means and standard errors
Page 59 and 60: month post-weaning individual feedl
Page 61 and 62: ams) in November, 1975 for evaluati
Page 63 and 64: een heavily fed and therefore may h
Page 65 and 66: need for one or more "teasers" to d
Page 67 and 68: ii) Consistency The normal consiste
Page 69 and 70: collection frequencies per day in 3
Page 71 and 72: iv) Altitude High altitude and poor
Page 73 and 74: containing diluents enriched with a
Page 75 and 76: 6. Nutrients Although spermatozoa u
Page 77 and 78: 7. 3.1 Puberty Puberty in the femal
Page 79 and 80: Estrogen in large quantities inhibi
Page 81 and 82: The udder becomes firm and enlarged
Page 83 and 84: 7. 3. 8 Interlambing interval It is
Page 85 and 86: 8. Nutrition 8.1 Components of Shee
Page 87 and 88: allied to the various amino acids o
Page 89 and 90: animals. A deficiency of salt is sh
Page 91 and 92: seem to have most significance in s
Page 93 and 94: Table 8.2 Chemical composition of g
Page 95 and 96: Table 8.3 Nutritive value of fodder
Page 97 and 98: Mineral and vitamin Requirement If
Page 99 and 100: Table 8.5 Total digestible nutrient
Page 101 and 102:
Table 8.7 continued....... c) Lacta
Page 103 and 104:
shirinking due to reclaimation of l
Page 105 and 106:
Sorghum-Berseem-Maize Improved vari
Page 107 and 108:
9. Housing and Management 9.1 Syste
Page 109 and 110:
) Shearing, skirtng and primary cla
Page 111 and 112:
The availability of pastures which
Page 113 and 114:
fodder as green or hay, concentrate
Page 115 and 116:
9.2.2 Lambs Efforts should be made
Page 117 and 118:
Mortality in young lambs and other
Page 119 and 120:
land and they depend on the forest
Page 121 and 122:
age and fed intensively till they a
Page 123 and 124:
Overnight teasing and drafting ridd
Page 125 and 126:
The secretion of milk takes place d
Page 127 and 128:
with coarse and hairy breeds showed
Page 129 and 130:
11. Sheep Production System in Diff
Page 131 and 132:
12. Wool Production and quality 12.
Page 133 and 134:
crosses with Dorset and Merinos, Pa
Page 135 and 136:
13. Meat Production 13.1 MeatProduc
Page 137 and 138:
Table 13.1 Mutton (sheep) productio
Page 139 and 140:
14.4 Utilization of milk Sheep are
Page 141 and 142:
one crushing mills and about 360 bo
Page 143 and 144:
16. Sheep Records It is essential t
Page 145 and 146:
17. Diseases and their Control Morb
Page 147 and 148:
Atropin sulphate 2.0 mg/kg. body we
Page 149 and 150:
contents by neutralization tests wi
Page 151 and 152:
prophylactic, foot and mouth vaccin
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