Sheep - AgRIS

More documents

Recommendations

Info

1.0 Introduction Sheep with its multi facet utility (for meat, wool, skin, manure and to some extent milk and transport) play an important role in the Indian agrarian economy. They are better adapted to arid and semi-arid tropics with marginal and sub-marginal lands, other wise unfit for crop production. They are perhaps the msot suitable small ruminants to utilise the sparse vegetation available in dryland areas through range land management and reseeded pastures. They have an excellent ability to survive over a prolonged period of drought and semi starvation and are less prone to extreme weather conditions, ectoparasites as well as other diseases. They are unique for their fibre which allows ventilation and also protects the skin from the hot sun, rain and abrasions. Sheep can also constrict or relax blood vessels in face, legs and ears for control of heat loss. Because of their hardiness and adaptability to dry conditions, the north-western and the Southern peninsular regions of the country have a large concentration of sheep. In the tropics they are non-seasonal breeders and can be made to lamb throughout the year. The visual sense is exceedingly well developed in sheep, that is how they can discern movement far better than humans but cannot distinguish shapes as well as the human beings. Sheep in India are mostly maintained on natural vegetation on common grazing lands, wastelands and uncultivated (fallow) lands, stubbles of cultivated crops and top feeds (tree loppins). Rarely they are kept on grain, cultivated fodder or crop residue. The sheep are mostly reared for wool and meat. Sheep skins and manure constitute important sources of earning, the latter particularly in southern India. Milk from sheep is of limited importance limited to areas of Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, parts of Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat. Indian sheep are not regarded as dairy sheep. Because of their close grazing nature and ability to utilise very low set vegetation which no other animal can utilise and their capacity to cover long distance in search of forage and water, theyhave often been associated with creation of desertic conditions. In reality, it is not the sheep but the man who owns the sheep, who is to be blamed for misconceived management of the grazing lands leading to desertification. A controlled and judicious grazing on the noncultivable land could prevent soil erosion and make it fertile and suitable for crop production through sheep droppings collected over the years. 337
2. Classification, Origin and Domestication 2.1 Taxonomy As a member of animal Kingdom, they belong to the Phylum Chordata (back bone), class Mammalia (suckle their young ones), order Artiodactyla (hooved, even footed), family Bovine (ruminants), genus Ovis (domesticated and wild sheep) and species Ovis aries. Within this species many different breeds exist. All the pure breds and crossbreds have their place. Class Mammalia Subclass III Eutheria (females possessing placenta) Order IV Ungulata (hoofed mammals) Suborder 1. Artiodactyles 2. Perissodactyles (even-Suborder toed animals) (uneven-toed animals) A. Sunina Family C: Suidae Family C: Equidae (true pigs) (hoirses, donkeys and zebras) Genus : Sus Genus : Equs Sus Domesticus (domestic pig) 1. Equs caballus (horse) C. TYLOPODA 2. Equs asinus (donkey) Family : Camilidae (Note: Mule is a cross between male ass and Genus : CAMELUS Linn female horse. Jennet is a cross between fe Camelus dromedarius Linn (Arabian camel) male ass and male horse. Both are sterile) 2. Camelus bactrianus Linn (two-humped bactrian camel) D. Pecora (true ruminants) Family D: Bovidae (hollow horned) Genus : Bos 1. Taurinc group: Bos taurus (humpless cattle) Bos indicus (humped or zebu cattle) 2. Bubaline group: Bos (Bubalus) bubalis (Indian water buffalo) Genus : Ovis Ovis aries (domestic sheep) Genus : Capra Capra hircus (domestic goat) Sheep in India as well as in Arabia have originated from their wild encester ovis orientale vignei. They appear to have been freshly domesticated in the mountain of Iran, Turkestan and Blouchistan. Reference to their role in the economy of mankind is found in the history of civilization of Mesopotamia and Mohen-jo-Daro and Harappa in northern India. 2.2 History of Domestication Sheep along with goats were perhaps the first ruminants to be domesticated by man. They appear to have been firstly domesticated in the mountains of Iran, Turkestan and Baluchistan. Reference to their role in the economy of mankind is found in the history of civilization of Mesopotamia, Mohen-jo-Daro and Harappa in northern India. 338
Page 1: 1. Introduction ANNEXURE - IX-C SHE
Page 5 and 6: Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka,
Page 7 and 8: different states it is estimated th
Page 9 and 10: Table 3.3 continued...... Country N
Page 11 and 12: een possible because of its substan
Page 13 and 14: (USA). The Rambouillet as purebreds
Page 15 and 16: ii) Marwari Deriving its name from
Page 17 and 18: Pradesh and Bihar, Bijapur, Gulbarg
Page 19 and 20: elatively tall with little hair exc
Page 21 and 22: 4.2 Distribution of type breeds in
Page 23 and 24: Table 4.1 continued...... Region/Br
Page 25 and 26: Table 4.2 continued....... SI. Bree
Page 27 and 28: 5. Genetics 5.1 Chromosome Profile
Page 29 and 30: esponsible for the formation of one
Page 31 and 32: the exercise these animals did not
Page 33 and 34: For understanding the inheritance o
Page 35 and 36: with a dense growth of relatively l
Page 37 and 38: produced on rations which contain i
Page 39 and 40: The Coefficient of Variation The co
Page 41 and 42: 5.6.3 Wool Production/Wool yield an
Page 43 and 44: 6. Breeding 6.1 Components of Sheep
Page 45 and 46: elationships. Certain coat colors a
Page 47 and 48: Selection on this basis means that
Page 49 and 50: ii) Independent Culling Method In t
Page 51 and 52: eflected by increase in average fle
Page 53 and 54:
at 75 or 8-4 monthly intervals comp
Page 55 and 56:
Based on the crossbreeding results,
Page 57 and 58:
Table 6.8 Means and standard errors
Page 59 and 60:
month post-weaning individual feedl
Page 61 and 62:
ams) in November, 1975 for evaluati
Page 63 and 64:
een heavily fed and therefore may h
Page 65 and 66:
need for one or more "teasers" to d
Page 67 and 68:
ii) Consistency The normal consiste
Page 69 and 70:
collection frequencies per day in 3
Page 71 and 72:
iv) Altitude High altitude and poor
Page 73 and 74:
containing diluents enriched with a
Page 75 and 76:
6. Nutrients Although spermatozoa u
Page 77 and 78:
7. 3.1 Puberty Puberty in the femal
Page 79 and 80:
Estrogen in large quantities inhibi
Page 81 and 82:
The udder becomes firm and enlarged
Page 83 and 84:
7. 3. 8 Interlambing interval It is
Page 85 and 86:
8. Nutrition 8.1 Components of Shee
Page 87 and 88:
allied to the various amino acids o
Page 89 and 90:
animals. A deficiency of salt is sh
Page 91 and 92:
seem to have most significance in s
Page 93 and 94:
Table 8.2 Chemical composition of g
Page 95 and 96:
Table 8.3 Nutritive value of fodder
Page 97 and 98:
Mineral and vitamin Requirement If
Page 99 and 100:
Table 8.5 Total digestible nutrient
Page 101 and 102:
Table 8.7 continued....... c) Lacta
Page 103 and 104:
shirinking due to reclaimation of l
Page 105 and 106:
Sorghum-Berseem-Maize Improved vari
Page 107 and 108:
9. Housing and Management 9.1 Syste
Page 109 and 110:
) Shearing, skirtng and primary cla
Page 111 and 112:
The availability of pastures which
Page 113 and 114:
fodder as green or hay, concentrate
Page 115 and 116:
9.2.2 Lambs Efforts should be made
Page 117 and 118:
Mortality in young lambs and other
Page 119 and 120:
land and they depend on the forest
Page 121 and 122:
age and fed intensively till they a
Page 123 and 124:
Overnight teasing and drafting ridd
Page 125 and 126:
The secretion of milk takes place d
Page 127 and 128:
with coarse and hairy breeds showed
Page 129 and 130:
11. Sheep Production System in Diff
Page 131 and 132:
12. Wool Production and quality 12.
Page 133 and 134:
crosses with Dorset and Merinos, Pa
Page 135 and 136:
13. Meat Production 13.1 MeatProduc
Page 137 and 138:
Table 13.1 Mutton (sheep) productio
Page 139 and 140:
14.4 Utilization of milk Sheep are
Page 141 and 142:
one crushing mills and about 360 bo
Page 143 and 144:
16. Sheep Records It is essential t
Page 145 and 146:
17. Diseases and their Control Morb
Page 147 and 148:
Atropin sulphate 2.0 mg/kg. body we
Page 149 and 150:
contents by neutralization tests wi
Page 151 and 152:
prophylactic, foot and mouth vaccin
show all

Sheep - AgRIS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?