Sheep - AgRIS

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Table 4.3 continued..... SI. Breeds 6 months Staple Fibre Medullation Dersity No. Fleece Length Diameter (Kg) (cm) (µ) (%) (cm 2 ) 10. Muzaffarnagri 0.650±0.08 3.72±0.05 45.17±0.37 69.92±0.87 811.0±74.2 11. Jalauni 0.900 41.1±0.19 78 12. Hissardale 2.27±2.72 6.15±0.15 24.42 almost 0 (6) (6) B. Southern peninsular region: 1. Deccani 0.359±0.054 8.58±0.32 52.42±1.86 73.75±2.54 734.46±28.90 (724) (331) (331) (331) 2. Bellary 0.300 59.03±1.06 43.43±1.42 346±9.27 3. Nellore 4. Mandya 5. Hassan 6. Mecheri 7. Kilakarsal 8. Vembur (622) (36) (81) (36) 9. Coimbatore 0.365±0.01 5.79±0.36 41.05±1.83 58.37±3.05 376.0±19.3 (119) (16) (16) (16) (16) 10. Nilgiri 0.615±0.028 27.34±0.077 11.31 2.199±57 11. Ramnad White 12. Madras Red 13. Tiruchy Black 14. Kenguri C. Eastern region: 1. Chottanagpuri (151) (63) (63) (27) 2. Shahabadi 0.240 49.83±9.06 87.08±6.81 (420) 3. Balangir 4. Ganjam 5. Tibetan 400-900 7.24±0.11 19.30±0.64 13.22±1.25 (226) (226) (226) D. Northern Temperate region: 1. Gaddi 0.78±0.02 5.70±0.001 28.52±0.07 25.80±0.33 (650) (245) (736) (697) 2. Rampur Bushair 1.17±0.06 7.70±2.05 34.35±2.70 23.81±1.30 3. Bhakarwal 4. Poonchi 5. Karnah 6. Gurez (47) (185) (185) (185) 7. Kashmir Merino 1.2±0.02 2.8±0.08 15.60±0.07 20.4±0.14 (272) (38) (191) (197) 8. Changthangi 361
5. Genetics 5.1 Chromosome Profile All animal are made up of microscopic ‗building blocks‘ called cells. The animal body may contain many millions of cells of different sizes and shapes. They are all alike in that they contain two major parts, the cytoplasm and the nucleus. The outer portion of the cell is the cell membrane, which serves as a framework and maintains the shape of the cell. By proper staining, cells can be seen to contain on oval-shaped body more or less near the center called the nucleus. The nucleus is said to be the heart and brain of the cell, and it is this part which is important in inheritance. The material between the nucleus and the cell membrane is called the cytoplasm. Within the cytoplasm are various bodies that play important role in the function of the cell but in farm animals, have little or nothing to do with the transmission of inheritance. When the cell is properly prepared and stained, a number of thread-like bodies appear within the nucleus. These microscopic threads are called chromosomes. The chromosomes are present in pairs in the body cells. The members of each pair are very similar in appearance and are called twins. In genetic terms are called these homologous chromosomes, (home comes from the Greek work meaning equal or the same, and logous from the word meaning proportion). The different species of farm animals differ in the number of pairs of homologous chromosomes swine possess 19 pairs, cattle and horses 30 pairs, and sheep 27 pairs. Within a single species of farm animals, the number of pairs of chromosomes is constant; e.g., sheep have 27 pairs of homologous chromosomes regardless of the breed. The same is true of the other species of farm animals. Each pair of homologous chromosomes is distinct from the other pairs. An individual receives one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes from his father and the other member from her mother. Each individual, in turn, will pass on to each of its offspring one member of each pair of chromosomes it possesses. It is purely a chance, which one of members of each pair the individual will receive from his parent and there is no way of predicting. Both members of a pair are not passed to the offspring, but only one of each pair. It is not known how many genes are there on any one of the 27 pairs of chromosomes in sheep suppose are 10 and they do not interact, the 27 chromosowems in a sprerm and the 27 in an ovum carry factors that determine 270 of the characteristics of the offspring of a ram and a ewe. The actual number of genes is undoubtedly much greater. If the chromosomes from the male and those from the female have within them genes for the same characteristics, the lamb will be pure or homozygous or those chaacteristics, when the chromosomes unite to form body cells with twice as many chromosmes as found in the reproductive cells. But, if one gene for color, for example, on one chromosome is for white and the gene on the other chromosome from the other parent is for black, then the lamb is r.ot pure for white color, although it may appear white. In such cases the geneticist calls the lamb heterozygous for color. Exactly the same thing may be true for all characteristics where it is possible to have one condition or another or even where there may not be such absolute differences as there are between white and black or horned and polled. The factors for white and black, were received from the parents, one chromosome in the cells of the lamb will carry the factor for white, and the other chromosomes will carry the factor for black. In the subsequent formation of reproductive cells, at the point where the reduction of the number of chromosmes occurs one cell will receive the chromosome bearing the factor for white, and the other will receive the chromosme carrying the factor for black. Both, of course, come from the same parent. Hence, it becomes immediately apparent that identical parentage does not insure identical inheritance. If botlh chromosmes carried the same factor, then inheritance would be identical for that character. It is not easy to find two animals that are exactly alike. In the case of white and black, it will become still more evident as other factors are added. Suppose a ram and a ewe, both heterozygous (not pure for either white or black) for color, are mated. Each of them is capable to produce two kinds of gametes (reproductive cells) with respect to color. One gamete would carry the factor for white; and the would carry the factor for black. These two kinds of gametes 362
Page 1 and 2: 1. Introduction ANNEXURE - IX-C SHE
Page 3 and 4: 2. Classification, Origin and Domes
Page 5 and 6: Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka,
Page 7 and 8: different states it is estimated th
Page 9 and 10: Table 3.3 continued...... Country N
Page 11 and 12: een possible because of its substan
Page 13 and 14: (USA). The Rambouillet as purebreds
Page 15 and 16: ii) Marwari Deriving its name from
Page 17 and 18: Pradesh and Bihar, Bijapur, Gulbarg
Page 19 and 20: elatively tall with little hair exc
Page 21 and 22: 4.2 Distribution of type breeds in
Page 23 and 24: Table 4.1 continued...... Region/Br
Page 25: Table 4.2 continued....... SI. Bree
Page 29 and 30: esponsible for the formation of one
Page 31 and 32: the exercise these animals did not
Page 33 and 34: For understanding the inheritance o
Page 35 and 36: with a dense growth of relatively l
Page 37 and 38: produced on rations which contain i
Page 39 and 40: The Coefficient of Variation The co
Page 41 and 42: 5.6.3 Wool Production/Wool yield an
Page 43 and 44: 6. Breeding 6.1 Components of Sheep
Page 45 and 46: elationships. Certain coat colors a
Page 47 and 48: Selection on this basis means that
Page 49 and 50: ii) Independent Culling Method In t
Page 51 and 52: eflected by increase in average fle
Page 53 and 54: at 75 or 8-4 monthly intervals comp
Page 55 and 56: Based on the crossbreeding results,
Page 57 and 58: Table 6.8 Means and standard errors
Page 59 and 60: month post-weaning individual feedl
Page 61 and 62: ams) in November, 1975 for evaluati
Page 63 and 64: een heavily fed and therefore may h
Page 65 and 66: need for one or more "teasers" to d
Page 67 and 68: ii) Consistency The normal consiste
Page 69 and 70: collection frequencies per day in 3
Page 71 and 72: iv) Altitude High altitude and poor
Page 73 and 74: containing diluents enriched with a
Page 75 and 76: 6. Nutrients Although spermatozoa u
Page 77 and 78:
7. 3.1 Puberty Puberty in the femal
Page 79 and 80:
Estrogen in large quantities inhibi
Page 81 and 82:
The udder becomes firm and enlarged
Page 83 and 84:
7. 3. 8 Interlambing interval It is
Page 85 and 86:
8. Nutrition 8.1 Components of Shee
Page 87 and 88:
allied to the various amino acids o
Page 89 and 90:
animals. A deficiency of salt is sh
Page 91 and 92:
seem to have most significance in s
Page 93 and 94:
Table 8.2 Chemical composition of g
Page 95 and 96:
Table 8.3 Nutritive value of fodder
Page 97 and 98:
Mineral and vitamin Requirement If
Page 99 and 100:
Table 8.5 Total digestible nutrient
Page 101 and 102:
Table 8.7 continued....... c) Lacta
Page 103 and 104:
shirinking due to reclaimation of l
Page 105 and 106:
Sorghum-Berseem-Maize Improved vari
Page 107 and 108:
9. Housing and Management 9.1 Syste
Page 109 and 110:
) Shearing, skirtng and primary cla
Page 111 and 112:
The availability of pastures which
Page 113 and 114:
fodder as green or hay, concentrate
Page 115 and 116:
9.2.2 Lambs Efforts should be made
Page 117 and 118:
Mortality in young lambs and other
Page 119 and 120:
land and they depend on the forest
Page 121 and 122:
age and fed intensively till they a
Page 123 and 124:
Overnight teasing and drafting ridd
Page 125 and 126:
The secretion of milk takes place d
Page 127 and 128:
with coarse and hairy breeds showed
Page 129 and 130:
11. Sheep Production System in Diff
Page 131 and 132:
12. Wool Production and quality 12.
Page 133 and 134:
crosses with Dorset and Merinos, Pa
Page 135 and 136:
13. Meat Production 13.1 MeatProduc
Page 137 and 138:
Table 13.1 Mutton (sheep) productio
Page 139 and 140:
14.4 Utilization of milk Sheep are
Page 141 and 142:
one crushing mills and about 360 bo
Page 143 and 144:
16. Sheep Records It is essential t
Page 145 and 146:
17. Diseases and their Control Morb
Page 147 and 148:
Atropin sulphate 2.0 mg/kg. body we
Page 149 and 150:
contents by neutralization tests wi
Page 151 and 152:
prophylactic, foot and mouth vaccin
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