Sheep - AgRIS

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14. Milk Production 14.1 Production level Sheep have been used for milk production since ancient times. World production of sheep milk in 1979 (FAO) was 7.328 million tonnes as compared to 6.958 million tonnes of goat milk. However, in India, though production of goat milk is 0.65 million tonnes, production of sheep milk is negligible inspite of there being over 40 million sheep as compared to 70 million goats. This is especially striking when we see country like Turkey which has 41.5 million sheep producing 1.08 million tonnes of sheep milk per annum. Thus sheep production for milk has been a greatly neglected sector of animal husbandry in India. The matter of milk yield in sheep has received scant attention in India, but some studies that have been made indicate that the quality of milk with respect to its fat content varies widely among individuals within breeds, and this seems to be more pronounced than variations between breeds. There is also a great variation in the milk of an individual at different periods during lactation and vary probably during different lactation periods. France is the leading country in the world as far as milk production from sheep is concerned. In Southern France in 1951, 33 million litres of sheep milk were produced from 600,000 ewes, while in 1978,59 million litres of milk were produced from the same number of ewes. This was because the annual milk yield per ewe increased from 55 litres to 100 litres (Flament & Morand-Fehr, 1982.) 14.2 Milk composition Data indicate ewe's milk to have a considerably higher average fat content than Goats' milk (Table 14.1). Ritzman showed that 158 samples from a great variety of ewes ranged from 2.4 to 12.1 per cent in fat content and averaged 6.0 per cent. But observations of the growth of lambs support the statement that the amount of milk yielded bythe ewes is of more consequence than its quality if this is not too far from average. Table 14.1 Average composition in g/lit. Dry matter Fat Lactose Proteins Ash Casein Albumin Goat 115-135 25-45 40-45 24-30 4-6 7-9 Sheep 170-185 55-70 43-50 45-50 8-10 9-10 14.3 Milking frequency Milk yield in Deccani flock ranges from 0 to 1000 ml per day (milked twice), the average appearing to be around 300 ml . Jaisalmeri ewes yield about half litre of milk daily which is used for ghee making" (Mittal and Shivprasad, 1987). Gatenby (1986) has reported millc yields of sheep in the tropics and sub-tropics, which is reproduced in table 14.2 and 14.3. Table 14.2 Milk yields of selected breeds in India Breed Yield kgiday Period measured (days) Avikalin 0.45-0.47 92 Chokla 0.46-0.51 90 Jaisalmeri 0.40 90 Malpura 0.50-0.60 90 Meriono 0.70 112 Nilgiri 0.65-0.67 112 Table 14.3 Milk yield of selected breeds subtropied Breed Country Yield kg day Period measured (days) Assaf Israel 1.34 156 Assaf Israel 2.23 100 Awassi Iran 1.16 207 Corriedale Kenya 1.36 70 Merino Egypt 0.85 126 Sardinian Italy 0.86 44 473
14.4 Utilization of milk Sheep are kept by the underprivileged section of our society so that any improvment in milk yield of sheep will benefit a large deserving popular. An increase in milk production will also enhance lamb survival and growth and provide additional milk for home consumption and perhaps for sale. The increase in weights of larnbs is closely proportional to yield and consumption of milk, and these increases may vary as much as 75 per cent between lambs receiving copious amounts and those receiving very small quantities. The feeding and management ofthe ewes will have a great bearing on the quantity of milk they yield, but good feeding and management will not result in a high yield from an ewe having no inherent capacity for high production. 474
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1. Introduction ANNEXURE - IX-C SHE
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2. Classification, Origin and Domes
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Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka,
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different states it is estimated th
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Table 3.3 continued...... Country N
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een possible because of its substan
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(USA). The Rambouillet as purebreds
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ii) Marwari Deriving its name from
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Pradesh and Bihar, Bijapur, Gulbarg
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elatively tall with little hair exc
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4.2 Distribution of type breeds in
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Table 4.1 continued...... Region/Br
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Table 4.2 continued....... SI. Bree
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5. Genetics 5.1 Chromosome Profile
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esponsible for the formation of one
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the exercise these animals did not
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For understanding the inheritance o
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with a dense growth of relatively l
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produced on rations which contain i
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The Coefficient of Variation The co
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5.6.3 Wool Production/Wool yield an
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6. Breeding 6.1 Components of Sheep
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elationships. Certain coat colors a
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Selection on this basis means that
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ii) Independent Culling Method In t
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eflected by increase in average fle
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at 75 or 8-4 monthly intervals comp
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Based on the crossbreeding results,
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Table 6.8 Means and standard errors
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month post-weaning individual feedl
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ams) in November, 1975 for evaluati
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een heavily fed and therefore may h
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need for one or more "teasers" to d
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ii) Consistency The normal consiste
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collection frequencies per day in 3
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iv) Altitude High altitude and poor
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containing diluents enriched with a
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6. Nutrients Although spermatozoa u
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7. 3.1 Puberty Puberty in the femal
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Estrogen in large quantities inhibi
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The udder becomes firm and enlarged
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7. 3. 8 Interlambing interval It is
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8. Nutrition 8.1 Components of Shee
Page 87 and 88: allied to the various amino acids o
Page 89 and 90: animals. A deficiency of salt is sh
Page 91 and 92: seem to have most significance in s
Page 93 and 94: Table 8.2 Chemical composition of g
Page 95 and 96: Table 8.3 Nutritive value of fodder
Page 97 and 98: Mineral and vitamin Requirement If
Page 99 and 100: Table 8.5 Total digestible nutrient
Page 101 and 102: Table 8.7 continued....... c) Lacta
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Page 105 and 106: Sorghum-Berseem-Maize Improved vari
Page 107 and 108: 9. Housing and Management 9.1 Syste
Page 109 and 110: ) Shearing, skirtng and primary cla
Page 111 and 112: The availability of pastures which
Page 113 and 114: fodder as green or hay, concentrate
Page 115 and 116: 9.2.2 Lambs Efforts should be made
Page 117 and 118: Mortality in young lambs and other
Page 119 and 120: land and they depend on the forest
Page 121 and 122: age and fed intensively till they a
Page 123 and 124: Overnight teasing and drafting ridd
Page 125 and 126: The secretion of milk takes place d
Page 127 and 128: with coarse and hairy breeds showed
Page 129 and 130: 11. Sheep Production System in Diff
Page 131 and 132: 12. Wool Production and quality 12.
Page 133 and 134: crosses with Dorset and Merinos, Pa
Page 135 and 136: 13. Meat Production 13.1 MeatProduc
Page 137: Table 13.1 Mutton (sheep) productio
Page 141 and 142: one crushing mills and about 360 bo
Page 143 and 144: 16. Sheep Records It is essential t
Page 145 and 146: 17. Diseases and their Control Morb
Page 147 and 148: Atropin sulphate 2.0 mg/kg. body we
Page 149 and 150: contents by neutralization tests wi
Page 151 and 152: prophylactic, foot and mouth vaccin
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