Sheep - AgRIS

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more economical in terms of meat production under the conditions of intensive feeding. Keeping in view the research results so far available, it has been recommended that to augment body weight and the overall meat productivity, the native breeds with no wool or with very coarse wool may be crossed with Dorset. The exotic level of inheritance may be limited to 50 per cent only. 10. 4 Sheep for pelt production Breeding Karakul sheep for pelts has also given encouraging results. Performance of Karakul sheep imported from U.S.S.R. has been tested at the Division of Carpet Wool and Karakul Pelt Production at Bikaner of CSWRI which is located in the hot arid region and also at Sheep Breeding Farm, Kumbhathang, Leh (Ledakh), Jammu and Kashmir which is located in the cold arid region as purebreds and has been found to be satisfactory as reflected from the body weight, overall survival, conception rate, greasy fleece weight and quality of pelts. The results of crossbreeding Karakul with some indigenous coarse carpet wool breeds have also been encouraging. The pelts produced from halfbred involving Malpura and Sonadi-indigenous breeds of Rajasthan have shown marked improvement and are comparable to Karakul pelt types. This technology can profitably be utilised by farmers as a new dimension for increasing their family income. 10.5 Studies on canary colouration Biological causes of canary colouration (a major problem in the northwestern region) have been investigated. It is observed that it is a sequel to adaptive mechanism in hot and humid climate conditions and thermo-regulatory mechanism requiring dissipation of body heat through cutaneous evaporative cooling. Alkaline suint under the conditions of high temperature and humidity reacts with wool fibre and causes the yellow colouration. For the elimination of this defect it has been recommcnded to practice a shearing regimen with an interval of four and eight months. The sheep may be shorn in June and again in September, so that, the June to September clip which is canary coloured can be curtailed to a minimum quantity. 463
11. Sheep Production System in Different Part of India India can be divided, on the basis of the agroclimatic conditions and the type of sheep into 4 regions, viz. (1) the north-western, central and semi-arid region, (ii) the southern region, (iii) the eastern region, and (iv) the northern temperate region. 11.1 Northern temperate Region The Northern temperate region comprises Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and hilly regions of Uttar Pradesh. About 7.68 million hectares of land available for natural grazing. Andropogon, Apluda, Aristida and Setaria species among annual and Dichanthium, Eragrostis, Heteropogon and Themeda species among perennial are the main grasses found in the region except in the Alpine pastures where temperate grasses and legumes, viz. red and white clover and rye grass are found. The important fodder trees and shrubs are Acacia, Bauhinia, Morus, Terminalia and Zizyphus species. This region has 4.34 million sheep and accounts for 8.82 per cent of the total population. It produces about 5.69 million kg wool (13.8 per cent). Ofthis about 1.2 million kg is of 36 S to 48 S quality and 4.3 million kg of 48 S and above quality. The largest population of crossbred sheep primarily developed for apparel wool is in this region. In Jammu & Kashmir the crossbred sheep, mostly Merino crosses with variable level of Merino inheritance known as Kashmir Merino, constitute almost 70 per cent of the population. 11.2 North-western, Region This region comprises the states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, plains of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. About 45.63 million hectares of land is under natural vegetation and is available for animal grazing. The major annual grasses of the region are Andropogon and Aristida species. The important perennial grasses are Cenchrus, Lasiurus, Panicum, Sehima, Andropogon and Heteropogon species. The major shrubs and trees are Acacia, Albizia, Dicrostachys, Prosopis and Hardwickia species. This region has the second largest sheep population (18.42 million; 37.44 per cent of the total population). The annual wool production is 24.7 million kg (about 59.14 per cent of the total wool produced in the country). This region is most important for carpet wool production. Chokla and Pattanwadi produce good quality carpet/ medium-quality apparel wool. Malpura and Sonadi have extremely coarse and hairy fleeces and are to some extent used for milk. The other breeds produce medium to good-quality carpet wool. 11. 3 Southern Region This region is semi-arid in the central peninsular area and hot and humid along the coast. It comprises the states of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. About 34.90 million hectare area is available for natural grazing. The major annual grasses ofthe area are Aristida species and the perennial grasses are Andropogon, Cenchrus, Chrysopogon, Dicanthium, Heteropogon, Sehima and Themeda species. Important fodder trees and shrubs are Acacia, Hardwicikia and Bauxinia species. This region has the largest sheep population (21.48 million; 43.66 per cent of total population). Almost 50 per cent of the sheep in the region do not produce any wool. The rest produce extremely coarse, hairy and coloured fleece. Most of the sheep in the region are primarily maintained for meat and manure except Nilgiris. Nilgiris produce fleece of good quality. Their number is extremely small and is restricted to Nilgiri hills. Their rearing poses problems as shearing facilities are not available and disposal of wool is also a limiting factor. Nearly 9.3 million kg wool, about 22.51 per cent ofthe total wool in the country, is produced in this region. The wool is of below 36 S quality, excepting for a small quantity produced by Nilgiri sheep which is above 48 S . The wool is thus for extremely coarse carpets, barrack blankets and handspun woven kumblies. The Nellore is the tallest breed and Mandya, also known as Bandur or Bannur, is the shortest and among the Indian breeds has the best meaty conformation. The majority of breeds in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, except Bellary or Deccani, fall within the range of height and colour of Nellore and Mandya. 11.4 Eastern Region This region comprises the states of Bihar, West Bengal, Orissa, Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, Tripura, Nagaland and Sikkim. It is mostly hot and humid, except 464
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1. Introduction ANNEXURE - IX-C SHE
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2. Classification, Origin and Domes
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Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka,
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different states it is estimated th
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Table 3.3 continued...... Country N
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een possible because of its substan
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(USA). The Rambouillet as purebreds
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ii) Marwari Deriving its name from
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Pradesh and Bihar, Bijapur, Gulbarg
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elatively tall with little hair exc
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4.2 Distribution of type breeds in
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Table 4.1 continued...... Region/Br
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Table 4.2 continued....... SI. Bree
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5. Genetics 5.1 Chromosome Profile
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esponsible for the formation of one
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the exercise these animals did not
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For understanding the inheritance o
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with a dense growth of relatively l
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produced on rations which contain i
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The Coefficient of Variation The co
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5.6.3 Wool Production/Wool yield an
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6. Breeding 6.1 Components of Sheep
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elationships. Certain coat colors a
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Selection on this basis means that
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ii) Independent Culling Method In t
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eflected by increase in average fle
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at 75 or 8-4 monthly intervals comp
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Based on the crossbreeding results,
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Table 6.8 Means and standard errors
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month post-weaning individual feedl
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ams) in November, 1975 for evaluati
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een heavily fed and therefore may h
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need for one or more "teasers" to d
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ii) Consistency The normal consiste
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collection frequencies per day in 3
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iv) Altitude High altitude and poor
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containing diluents enriched with a
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6. Nutrients Although spermatozoa u
Page 77 and 78: 7. 3.1 Puberty Puberty in the femal
Page 79 and 80: Estrogen in large quantities inhibi
Page 81 and 82: The udder becomes firm and enlarged
Page 83 and 84: 7. 3. 8 Interlambing interval It is
Page 85 and 86: 8. Nutrition 8.1 Components of Shee
Page 87 and 88: allied to the various amino acids o
Page 89 and 90: animals. A deficiency of salt is sh
Page 91 and 92: seem to have most significance in s
Page 93 and 94: Table 8.2 Chemical composition of g
Page 95 and 96: Table 8.3 Nutritive value of fodder
Page 97 and 98: Mineral and vitamin Requirement If
Page 99 and 100: Table 8.5 Total digestible nutrient
Page 101 and 102: Table 8.7 continued....... c) Lacta
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Page 105 and 106: Sorghum-Berseem-Maize Improved vari
Page 107 and 108: 9. Housing and Management 9.1 Syste
Page 109 and 110: ) Shearing, skirtng and primary cla
Page 111 and 112: The availability of pastures which
Page 113 and 114: fodder as green or hay, concentrate
Page 115 and 116: 9.2.2 Lambs Efforts should be made
Page 117 and 118: Mortality in young lambs and other
Page 119 and 120: land and they depend on the forest
Page 121 and 122: age and fed intensively till they a
Page 123 and 124: Overnight teasing and drafting ridd
Page 125 and 126: The secretion of milk takes place d
Page 127: with coarse and hairy breeds showed
Page 131 and 132: 12. Wool Production and quality 12.
Page 133 and 134: crosses with Dorset and Merinos, Pa
Page 135 and 136: 13. Meat Production 13.1 MeatProduc
Page 137 and 138: Table 13.1 Mutton (sheep) productio
Page 139 and 140: 14.4 Utilization of milk Sheep are
Page 141 and 142: one crushing mills and about 360 bo
Page 143 and 144: 16. Sheep Records It is essential t
Page 145 and 146: 17. Diseases and their Control Morb
Page 147 and 148: Atropin sulphate 2.0 mg/kg. body we
Page 149 and 150: contents by neutralization tests wi
Page 151 and 152: prophylactic, foot and mouth vaccin
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