Sheep - AgRIS

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e slightly more and may range between 5-6 litres. The younger ones may require 1-2 litres of water every day. The watering should be done in metallic troughs or cement channels. c) Watering Water requirements of sheep vary depending upon its physiological status in growth and production. It also varies according to ambient temperature during different seasons. i) A native sheep may consume about 2-3 litres of water per day. ii) The requirements of exotic and crossbred sheep range from 5-8 litres/day particularly during hot summer season. iii) Water sheep at least once a day in watering trough or channels. iv) Water sheep on alternative days during winter and rainy seasons when water requirements are reduced considerably. 3. Housing and ShelterManagement Normally sheep do not require elaborate housing facilities but the provision of the minimum housing requirements will definitely increase productivity by providing shelter to young lambs, pregnant ewes and breeding rams against inclement weather conditions and predation. In the north temperate region after the flocks return from the alpine pastures, 80 per cent of the flockmen pen their sheep in the open near the houses, 18 per cent along with other animals and 2 percent on the ground floor of their houses. In Rajasthan, 59 per cent of the flocks are penned in open fields away from the houses, and the rest in kutcha courtyards near the houses. In the peninsular region specially in Andhra Pradesh, 41 per cent of the flocks are penned in enclosures near the houses and the rest in the open fields. <strong>Sheep</strong> normally do not require elaborate housing facilities hut provision of suitable shelter particularly for young lambs, pregnant ewes and breeding rams will definitely increase productivity and redluce losses due to mortality. It is, therefore, necessary to provide cheap houses with thatched roofs made of locally available material and thorny fences. In areas normally experiencing extreme cold or hot winds, some protection against the winds, should also be provided. 1) Provide sufficient protection against solar radiation and hot blowing winds to the exotic animals. 2) Also arrange shelter against rains and cold chilly weather conditions. 3) Native and crossbred animals may face these situation in a better manner but protection against predation during night time will save any loss of livestock. 4) Provide 10-12 sq.ft. of space for exotic sheep and 9 sq.ft. for native ones. 5) Sheds measuring 60' x 20' having thatched or with asbestos roofing can accomodate about 120 sheep. 6) A fenced enclosure of 30' x 20' can be provided for night paddocking of sheep. 7) Provide 2" thick thatched roofing during extreme summer. 8) Save exotic rams from summer sterility by providing comfortable room temperature not exceeding 30 C during hot summer months. 4 ShearingManagement and Control of Canary Colouranon a) Canary colouration of wool Unscourable yellow stain on the wool, during its growth occuring during hot humid months, is refered to as canary colouration. This wool fetches 8-20 percent lower price than the white wool depend ing upon the intensity of colouration. For the control and to minimize its occurrence, following steps rnay be taken: i) Shear wool before the onset of rains so that the quantity of wool grown during July- August is minimum and saved from heavy yellowing. ii) Wash sheep before shearing. iii) Save shorn sheep from direct solar radiation by resorting to morning and evening grazing. iv) Keep sheep under shade during hot noon hours. v) Crossbreeding may also help in minimising the yellowing of wool. 443
) Shearing, skirtng and primary classing Shearing is one of the important operation at the sheep farm and considerable preparation is necessary before this event. 1) Shear sheep at a separate shearing shed or room. The floor should be clean and free from dirt, dust or vegatable matters. 2) Use of hand-shears may be avoided as it often results in double cuts thus reducing staple length. 3) Utilize machine shearing service through the concerned state department. Machine shearing not only facilitates the quicker completion ofthe operation but also helps in getting uniform fleeces. 4) Resort to shearing in the flocks twice a year viz., spring and autumn seasons. 5) Shearing in the months of February and early July will help in reducing occurrence of canary colouration of wool. 6) Graze sheep in the cooler hours and provide shelter during hot noon hours after shearing. 7) Greasy fleece weight of individual sheep may be recorded after each shearing. 8) Do skirting and primary classing of wool atthe shearing floor itself. 9) Grade wool by visual appraisal, feel and handle. 10) Graded wools fetch 10-20 percent more price. 11) Sell wools to State Wool Marketing Department Wool Board. 5. Health Management a) Ereatment-Prophylacsc and Curatlve <strong>Sheep</strong> enterprise can pay, provided suitable preventive measures have been taken against the occurrence of diseases. The agroclimatic conditions of the area play an important role in risk to many diseases. In semi arid regions of the country, the incidence of parasitism increases during rainy season. Therefore, it is necessary to drench sheep before the onset, during and at cessation of mon- soon. Dipping is done in the BHC/ DDT/Garathion/ Malathion/ Cimathion fortnight after shearing to get rid of ectoparasites. It should also be ensured to spray the sheds, simultaneously. The flock should be vaccinated against most common diseases like enterotoxaemia, sheep pox, haemorrhagic septicaemia and rinderpest depending upon the occurrence of the disease in the area. To aviod foot and mouth, foot rot and other feet diseases, antiseptic foot baths are given. The sick and diseased animals should be isolated from the flock and checked thoroughly for any contagious/diseases. For efficient disease control following recommendations are made: a) The Veterinarian /Farm Manager should provide a schedule of prophylactic health cover, viz. vaccination, drenching and dipping. In addition strategic drenching whenever necessary will be instructed. The Veterinarian /Farm Manager should further ensure procurement and supply of necessary medicines and vaccines to the unit for the purpose and maintain proper record of the procurement and use. The prophylactic health cover should be provided by the unit staff under the supervision of Health Staff and the Stock Assistants/ LaboratoyTechnicians with the Veterinarian / Farm Manager should assist the unit staff in this work. The Veterinarian/ Farm Manager should also issue written instructions for the dis-infection ofthe sheds and corrals whenever felt necessary and also at regular intervals. This should involve changing the earth in the sheds and corrals and replacing it by new earth mixed with lime and gammexene, painting of all structures with lime containing gammexene, and also spraying with gammexene or BHC in all area of the sheds and corrals and the surrounding areas. b) The treatment of sick animals should be done by the stock Assistant and Assistant Farm Manager except in such cases where specialised treatment is required which will be done by the Veterinarian . The instructions for treatment should be given in writing by the Veterinarian visiting the unit every morning. In case of serious illness the Stock Assistant/Farm Manager should inform the Veterinarian who should provide necessary treatment. 444
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1. Introduction ANNEXURE - IX-C SHE
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2. Classification, Origin and Domes
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Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka,
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different states it is estimated th
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Table 3.3 continued...... Country N
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een possible because of its substan
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(USA). The Rambouillet as purebreds
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ii) Marwari Deriving its name from
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Pradesh and Bihar, Bijapur, Gulbarg
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elatively tall with little hair exc
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4.2 Distribution of type breeds in
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Table 4.1 continued...... Region/Br
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Table 4.2 continued....... SI. Bree
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5. Genetics 5.1 Chromosome Profile
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esponsible for the formation of one
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the exercise these animals did not
Page 33 and 34:
For understanding the inheritance o
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with a dense growth of relatively l
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produced on rations which contain i
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The Coefficient of Variation The co
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5.6.3 Wool Production/Wool yield an
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6. Breeding 6.1 Components of Sheep
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elationships. Certain coat colors a
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Selection on this basis means that
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ii) Independent Culling Method In t
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eflected by increase in average fle
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at 75 or 8-4 monthly intervals comp
Page 55 and 56:
Based on the crossbreeding results,
Page 57 and 58: Table 6.8 Means and standard errors
Page 59 and 60: month post-weaning individual feedl
Page 61 and 62: ams) in November, 1975 for evaluati
Page 63 and 64: een heavily fed and therefore may h
Page 65 and 66: need for one or more "teasers" to d
Page 67 and 68: ii) Consistency The normal consiste
Page 69 and 70: collection frequencies per day in 3
Page 71 and 72: iv) Altitude High altitude and poor
Page 73 and 74: containing diluents enriched with a
Page 75 and 76: 6. Nutrients Although spermatozoa u
Page 77 and 78: 7. 3.1 Puberty Puberty in the femal
Page 79 and 80: Estrogen in large quantities inhibi
Page 81 and 82: The udder becomes firm and enlarged
Page 83 and 84: 7. 3. 8 Interlambing interval It is
Page 85 and 86: 8. Nutrition 8.1 Components of Shee
Page 87 and 88: allied to the various amino acids o
Page 89 and 90: animals. A deficiency of salt is sh
Page 91 and 92: seem to have most significance in s
Page 93 and 94: Table 8.2 Chemical composition of g
Page 95 and 96: Table 8.3 Nutritive value of fodder
Page 97 and 98: Mineral and vitamin Requirement If
Page 99 and 100: Table 8.5 Total digestible nutrient
Page 101 and 102: Table 8.7 continued....... c) Lacta
Page 103 and 104: shirinking due to reclaimation of l
Page 105 and 106: Sorghum-Berseem-Maize Improved vari
Page 107: 9. Housing and Management 9.1 Syste
Page 111 and 112: The availability of pastures which
Page 113 and 114: fodder as green or hay, concentrate
Page 115 and 116: 9.2.2 Lambs Efforts should be made
Page 117 and 118: Mortality in young lambs and other
Page 119 and 120: land and they depend on the forest
Page 121 and 122: age and fed intensively till they a
Page 123 and 124: Overnight teasing and drafting ridd
Page 125 and 126: The secretion of milk takes place d
Page 127 and 128: with coarse and hairy breeds showed
Page 129 and 130: 11. Sheep Production System in Diff
Page 131 and 132: 12. Wool Production and quality 12.
Page 133 and 134: crosses with Dorset and Merinos, Pa
Page 135 and 136: 13. Meat Production 13.1 MeatProduc
Page 137 and 138: Table 13.1 Mutton (sheep) productio
Page 139 and 140: 14.4 Utilization of milk Sheep are
Page 141 and 142: one crushing mills and about 360 bo
Page 143 and 144: 16. Sheep Records It is essential t
Page 145 and 146: 17. Diseases and their Control Morb
Page 147 and 148: Atropin sulphate 2.0 mg/kg. body we
Page 149 and 150: contents by neutralization tests wi
Page 151 and 152: prophylactic, foot and mouth vaccin
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