secondary cells with lithium anodes and immobilized fused_salt
secondary cells with lithium anodes and immobilized fused_salt secondary cells with lithium anodes and immobilized fused_salt
128. reliability. Details of most of these are available to the reader of the project reports (q.v.1 .6 Important conclusions are that the tests, as described, reliably detect detonation and, equally reliably, nondetonation.. Low velocity detonations are probably included in the latter. The results have been proven to be independent of either temperature or pressure. For example, incidental tests demonstrated that MDF detonates with a velocity invariant with temperature. In summary, the authors present the procedure described in this , report with confidence that, if used as described, it will serve as a useful. worthy supplement to the Liquid Propellant Test Method No. 1. VI. ACKNOYYLEDGEMENT The test procedure described in this report was developed as a part of research generously sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. REFERENCES 1. "Liquid Propellant Test Methods," JANAF Panel on Liquid Propellant Test Methods, The Liquid Propellant Information Agency, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Silver Spring, ,Maryland, 2. H. D'Autriche, "The Velocity of Detonation in Explosives," Compt. Rend. 143, 641-44 (1906); Chem. Abstr. 1, 357-8 (1907). 3. A. B. Amster 2.. "Continuous Oscillographic Method for Measuring the Velocity and Conductivity of Stable and Transient Shocks in Solid Cast Propellants," ,Rev. Sci. Instr. 31, 2, 188-92 (1960). 4. D. B. Moore, "A Thermistor As a Combustion Liquid Level and Temperature Sensor," Rev. Sci. Instr. 37, 1089(1966). , 5. A. 8. Amster, J. A. Neff, R. W. McLeod, and D. S. Randall, "Detonability of Cryogenic Oxidizers: Trioxygen Difluoride, OsF, ," Explosivstoffe, No. 2, 33(1966). 6. A. B. Amster et c., reports prepared for Stanford Research Institute Project 4051, Contract Nonr 3760(00), September 1962 et seq. ! i 1 i
, 129. . Appendix A ADAPTATION OF THE JANAF BOOSTER TEST: DATA REDUCTION The equation for reducing the data from the witness plates is derived as f,ollows. Assume the following: 1.. There is a small, finite, but reproducible time for a detonation to propagate across explosive interfaces. This is frequently referred to as an "induction time." 2. The time required for two detonatiols originating at a common point and meeting at a point x is the same for two corresponding paths. 3. The detonation velocity of explosives is a reproducible function of environment.. The nomenclature used in the equation is as follows: P = lengths of MDF; the subscript denotes the particular branch Fb = length of MDF from tetryl booster than initiates the explosive on witness plate V = detonation velocity of any P with corresponding subscript Vs = wave velocity within sample V = detonatlon veloclty of standard explosive used W L = distance between opposing points of inltiation for each sheet explosive finger x = 'point at which detonations meet; measured from MDF ds' = distances between MDF on sample cup dw' = distances between corresponding strips of explosive on witness plate ds = distance from tetryl pellet for first MDF dw = distance from the start to strip 1 on witness plate k,T( = small, unknown, but reproducible delay or induction times in transition from cup to MDF and MDF to EL-506-D
- Page 78 and 79: , 78. PREPARATION AND POLYMERIZATIO
- Page 80 and 81: . .- . - ..... . . I ,caving the re
- Page 82 and 83: If it ~ 3 ~ o~t 7 s Y'2t the therm1
- Page 84 and 85: Chlorine Fentafluaride T q D OC 252
- Page 86 and 87: , 86. Zeections of Cl30 and AsF5. M
- Page 88 and 89: aa . - The rrost difficult rctionel
- Page 90 and 91: 90. DENSITY, VISCOSITY AND SURFACE
- Page 92 and 93: 92. If it is assumed that the syste
- Page 94 and 95: 94. After condensation of oxidizer
- Page 96 and 97: Stirring Solenoid LHe 7. Cryostat 9
- Page 98 and 99: Introduction 98. RFACTIONS OF OxYcm
- Page 100 and 101: , Acknowledgement 100. This work wa
- Page 102 and 103: 102. volume and then by pumping to
- Page 104 and 105: 104. The x-ray powder pattern (Tabl
- Page 106 and 107: Irredie tion Time, mi&) 106. Table
- Page 108 and 109: I. Introduction 108. RE7IIEw OF ADV
- Page 110 and 111: 1.40 w F O/) 103-4O 'F 110. /H 0 21
- Page 112 and 113: !P, "c -- -2118.5 -195 -172 -16.1 .
- Page 114 and 115: 114. weaker than those in NF02. The
- Page 116 and 117: Compound C102F ~ 1 , 0 ~ -146 ~ 116
- Page 118 and 119: 118. fom such salts as cS+m8- have
- Page 120 and 121: 120. DETONABILITY TESTING AT NONAMB
- Page 122 and 123: I 122. top) is closed with caps whi
- Page 124 and 125: 124. five pieces of MDF, each 20.00
- Page 126 and 127: 126. auxiliary equipment. For conve
- Page 130 and 131: 130. The time required for the deto
- Page 132 and 133: 132. Fig. 2 Typical Witness Plate
- Page 134 and 135: I ll 134. L, ALUMINUM 011+ ‘7 I-
- Page 136: W (3 3 a (3 W m 3 0 v) W E k- / W 3
,<br />
129.<br />
. Appendix A<br />
ADAPTATION OF THE JANAF BOOSTER TEST: DATA REDUCTION<br />
The equation for reducing the data from the witness plates is<br />
derived as f,ollows. Assume the following:<br />
1.. There is a small, finite, but reproducible time for a<br />
detonation to propagate across explosive interfaces.<br />
This is frequently referred to as an "induction time."<br />
2. The time required for two detonatiols originating at a<br />
common point <strong>and</strong> meeting at a point x is the same for<br />
two corresponding paths.<br />
3. The detonation velocity of explosives is a reproducible<br />
function of environment..<br />
The nomenclature used in the equation is as follows:<br />
P = lengths of MDF; the subscript denotes the particular branch<br />
Fb = length of MDF from tetryl booster than initiates the<br />
explosive on witness plate<br />
V = detonation velocity of any P <strong>with</strong> corresponding subscript<br />
Vs =<br />
wave velocity <strong>with</strong>in sample<br />
V = detonatlon veloclty of st<strong>and</strong>ard explosive used<br />
W<br />
L = distance between opposing points of inltiation for each<br />
sheet explosive finger<br />
x = 'point at which detonations meet; measured from MDF<br />
ds' = distances between MDF on sample cup<br />
dw' = distances between corresponding strips of explosive on<br />
witness plate<br />
ds = distance from tetryl pellet for first MDF<br />
dw = distance from the start to strip 1 on witness plate<br />
k,T( = small, unknown, but reproducible delay or induction times<br />
in transition from cup to MDF <strong>and</strong> MDF to EL-506-D
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