A review of dipterocarps - Center for International Forestry Research
A review of dipterocarps - Center for International Forestry Research
A review of dipterocarps - Center for International Forestry Research
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
Conservation <strong>of</strong> Genetic Resources in the dipterocarpaceae 47<br />
Table 2. Breeding systems <strong>of</strong> Dipterocarps.<br />
Species/Section<br />
Percent Fruit Set Inferred Breeding References<br />
Selfed Crossed<br />
System<br />
Shorea cordifolia<br />
Section Doona<br />
0.5 21.0 Self-incompatible 1<br />
S. disticha<br />
Section Doona<br />
0.0 10.0 Self-incompatible 1<br />
S. trapezifolia<br />
Section Doona<br />
0.8 3.8 Self-incompatible 1<br />
S. trapezifolia<br />
Section Doona<br />
0.5 11.3 Self-incompatible 1<br />
S. hemsleyana<br />
Section Muticae<br />
0.0 15.2 Self-incompatible 2<br />
S. macroptera<br />
Section Muticae<br />
2.5 19.9 Self-incompatible 2<br />
S. lepidota<br />
Section Muticae<br />
1.7 24.4 Self-incompatible 2<br />
S. acuminata<br />
Section Muticae<br />
1.1 34.1 Self-incompatible 2<br />
S. leprosula<br />
Section Muticae<br />
1.6 17.0 Self-incompatible 2<br />
S. splendida<br />
Section Pachycarpae<br />
0.0 37.5 Self-incompatible 2<br />
S. stenoptera<br />
Section Pachycarpae<br />
n/a n/a Self-incompatible 2<br />
S. ovalis<br />
Section Ovales<br />
16.2 17.6 Self-compatible 2<br />
Dipterocarpus oblongifolius 69.3 64.0 Self-compatible 2<br />
Dryobalanops lanceolata n/a n/a Self-incompatible 3<br />
Hopea glabra<br />
n/a n/a Self-compatible or<br />
2<br />
Section Richetioides<br />
apomictic<br />
S. maxima<br />
Section Richetioides<br />
n/a n/a Self-incompatible 2<br />
S. multiflora n/a n/a Self-incompatible 2<br />
1: Dayanandan et al. (1990); 2: Chan (1981); 3: Mamose et al. (1994).<br />
Outcrossing Rates<br />
More recently genetic markers in the <strong>for</strong>m <strong>of</strong> allozymes<br />
have been used to quantify mating systems in species <strong>of</strong><br />
Dryobalanops, Hopea, Shorea, and Stemonoporus.<br />
Analysis <strong>of</strong> mating systems on the basis <strong>of</strong> markers allows<br />
examination <strong>of</strong> the progeny arrays <strong>of</strong> many trees in the<br />
population. Moreover, outcrossing rate (tm) can be<br />
quantified between zero and one; zero representing<br />
complete selfing and one indicating 100% outcrossing.<br />
Mating systems <strong>of</strong> species examined so far are shown in<br />
Table 3. The outcrossing rates range from 0.617 in Shorea<br />
trapezifolia to 0.898 in Stemonoporus oblongifolius.<br />
The average rates expressed in Table 3 mask considerable<br />
variation among trees and years. The rate varied from<br />
0.49 to 1.00 among trees in Shorea congestiflora<br />
(Murawski et al. 1994a, b). S. megistophylla trees in the<br />
logged <strong>for</strong>ests had a lower outcrossing rate than trees in<br />
undisturbed <strong>for</strong>ests (Murawski et al. 1994b). The<br />
difference seems to be dependent on the density <strong>of</strong><br />
reproductive trees. Such density-dependent differences<br />
in outcrossing rates have also been shown in several other