A review of dipterocarps - Center for International Forestry Research

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Non-Timber Forest Products from Dipterocarps Vateria indica, are mostly used for tanning and medicinal purposes. To increase the collector’s income, the leaves must be collected at the appropriate season and stage of growth and be properly dried and graded. 5. Bark: This is used for tanning and medicinal purposes, for example: Dipterocarpus alatus (medicine), D. tuberculatus (tannin), Hopea odorata (tannin), H. parviflora (tannin), Shorea robusta (tannin, medicine, gum), Vateria copallifera (toddy fermentation) and V. indica (medicine). Only the bark of S. robusta is utilised on a large scale. Collection of bark from standing trees is detrimental to tree growth, so improved methods of bark extraction are needed or bark utilised only from felled or dead trees. There is good scope for greater utilisation of various dipterocarp NTFPs for socioeconomic development. This will be enhanced by further research and training in a range of technologies. These include: oleoresin and dammar tapping techniques; seed, leaf and bark harvesting; grading and processing standardisation; chemical evaluation of derivatives; and marketing and pricing analysis. Acknowledgements We would like to thank Manuel Ruiz-Perez (Center for International Forestry Research) for comments and suggestions for the improvement of this chapter. References Agarwal V.S. 1986. Economic plants of India. Kailash Prakashan, Calcutta. Anderson, J.A.R. 1975. The potential of illipe nuts (Shorea spp.) as an agricultural crop. In: Williams et al. (eds.) Proceedings of Symposium on South East Asian Plant Genetic Resources, Bogor, Indonesia, 20- 22 March, 1975, 217-230. BIOTROP, Bogor. Anonymous. 1985a. Dipterocarps of South-Asia. RAPA Monograph 4/85, FAO Regional Office for the Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok. Anonymous. 1985b. Statistics of external trade in Sarawak (1976-1986). Dept. of Statistics (Sarawak Branch), Kuching. Balfour, E. 1985. Cyclopedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, products of mineral, vegetable and 196 animal kingdoms, useful arts manufactures, Vol. II. 2nd ed. reprint. International Book Distributors, Dehra Dun. Bandaranayake, W.M. 1975. Terpenes of Dipterocarpus and Doona species. Phytochemistry 14: 2043-2048. Bennet, S.S.R., Gupta, P.C. and Rao, V. R. 1992. Venerated plants. ICFRE, Dehra Dun. Blair, R.W. and Byron, F.E. 1926. Notes on dammar penak. Malayan Forest Record no. 4. Kuala Lumpur. Burkill, I.H. 1935. Dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula, 2 vols. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London. Chopra, R.N., Chopra, I.C., Handa, K.L. and Kapur, L.D. 1958. Chopra’s indigenous drugs of India. 2nd ed. M/S.U.N. Dhur, Calcutta. Gianno, R. 1986. The exploitation of resinous products in a lowland Malayan forest. Wallaceana 43: 16. Gulati, N.K., Shiva, M.P., Bali, B.I. and Subramaniam, I.V. 1983. Utilisation of Furcraea species as a binder for briquette manufacture. Van Vigyan 21(3/4). Howes, F.N. 1949. Vegetable gums and resins. Chronica Botanica, Delhi. Ibrahim, J., Abu Said, A. and Abdul Rashih, A. 1990. Tapping of oleoresin from Dipterocarpus kerrii. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 3: 348-355. Jafarsidik, J. 1987. Dammar resin producing tree species and their distribution in Indonesia. Duta Rimba 8182: 7-11. Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu, B.D. 1935. Indian medicinal plants. Vol I. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun. Krishnamurthy, T. 1993. Minor forest products of India. Oxford and IBH Publishing, New Delhi. Lawrence, B. M. 1985. A review of the world production of essential oils (1984). Perfumer and Flavourist 10: 2-15. Martindale (1958) The extra pharmacopoeia. Vol. II. Pharmaceutical Press, London. Poehland, B.L., Carta, B.K., Francis, T.A., Hyland, L.J., Allaudeen, H.S. and Troupe, N. 1987. In-viro antiviral activity of dammar resin triterpenoids. Journal of Natural Products 50: 706-713. Puntembaker, S.V. and Krishna, S. 1932. The seeds of Vateria indica Linn. as a source of vegetable tallow. Indian Forester 58: 68-74.
Non-Timber Forest Products from Dipterocarps Rappard, F.W. 1937. De dammar van Bengkoelen. Tectona 30: 897-915. Tantra, I.G.M. 1979. The establishment of tengkawang plantations in Indonesia. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Management of Forest Production in Southeast Asia, April 19-22, 1977, Bangkok, Thailand. BIOTROP Special Publication No. 4. BIOTROP, Bogor, Indonesia. Torquebiau, E.F. 1984. Manmade dipterocarp forest in Sumatra. Agroforestry Systems 2: 103-127. Trotter, H. 1940. Manual of Indian forest utilization. Oxford University Press, London. 197 Verma, V.P.S., Shiva, M.P. and Bali, B.I. 1979. Briquetting of sawdust with inferior grade natural gums. Research and Industry, Vol. 2. CSIR, New Delhi. Watt, G. 1889. A dictionary of the economic products of India. Cosmo Publications, Delhi. WOI. 1988. The wealth of India. Vol. IX. CSIR, New Delhi. WOI. 1989a. The wealth of India. Vol. III. CSIR, New Delhi. WOI 1989b. The wealth of India, Vol. X. CSIR, New Delhi. Wong Soon. 1988. The chocolaty fat from Borneo illipe trees. CT Cahaya Kalbar, Jakarta.
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A Review of Dipterocarps Taxonomy,
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ã 1998 by Center for International
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Authors S. Appanah Forest Research
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SPINs Species Improvement Network T
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Foreword The Center for Internation
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Introduction As a consequence, much
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Introduction each project that is m
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Biogeography and Evolutionary Syste
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Conservation of Genetic Resources i
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Seed Physiology P.B. Tompsett Seed
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Seed Physiology 59 (Sasaki 1980, Ya
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Seed Physiology 61 § orthodox; and
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Seed Physiology 63 Table 4. Lowest-
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Seed Physiology 65 Table 5. (contin
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Seed Physiology 67 Table 6. Viabili
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Seed Physiology 69 Dipterocarp seed
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Seed Physiology 71 Roberts, E.H. 19
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Seed Handling 74 viability of the s
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Seed Handling 76 the basic activiti
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Seed Handling 78 Table 2. Seed (fru
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Seed Handling 80 Table 3. Mean inse
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Seed Handling 82 Seedling storage u
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Seed Handling 84 air will ensure ra
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Seed Handling 86 ASEAN Forest Tree
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Seed Handling 88 Tompsett, P.B. and
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Seedling Ecology of Mixed-Dipteroca
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Root Symbiosis and Nutrition Table
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Root Symbiosis and Nutrition Table
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Root Symbiosis and Nutrition specie
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Root Symbiosis and Nutrition in Sab
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Root Symbiosis and Nutrition where
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Root Symbiosis and Nutrition 5. Lim
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Root Symbiosis and Nutrition Group
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Root Symbiosis and Nutrition Takaha
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Pests and Diseases of Dipterocarpac
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Management of Natural Forests S. Ap
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Management of Natural Forests about
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Management of Natural Forests 4. Cl
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Management of Natural Forests were
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Management of Natural Forests incre
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Page 151 and 152: Management of Natural Forests which
Page 153 and 154: Management of Natural Forests Cheng
Page 155 and 156: Management of Natural Forests Uebel
Page 157 and 158: Plantations 152 macrocarpa, V. indi
Page 159 and 160: Plantations 154 are: Dipterocarpus
Page 161 and 162: Plantations 156 and no longer in ne
Page 163 and 164: Plantations 158 able to store them
Page 165 and 166: Plantations 160 ‘Predictive Test
Page 167 and 168: Plantations 162 Qureshi et al. (196
Page 169 and 170: Plantations 164 Tomboc and Basada (
Page 171 and 172: Plantations 166 are removed. Anothe
Page 173 and 174: Plantations 168 intervention. Sange
Page 175 and 176: Plantations 170 mono-layered. The r
Page 177 and 178: Plantations 172 diameter of 46.3 m
Page 179 and 180: Plantations 174 Ang, L.H., Maruyama
Page 181 and 182: Plantations 176 Cheah, L.C. 1971. A
Page 183 and 184: Plantations 178 Kadambi, K. 1957. B
Page 185 and 186: Plantations 180 Moura-Costa, P. 199
Page 187 and 188: Plantations 182 Regional Workshop o
Page 189 and 190: Plantations 184 Conference on Dipte
Page 191 and 192: Non-Timber Forest Products from Dip
Page 199: Non-Timber Forest Products from Dip
Page 203 and 204: Scientific Index BIXALES, 25 BOLETA
Page 205 and 206: Scientific Index EPHEMEROPTERA, 119
Page 207 and 208: Scientific Index Ovalis section, 8,
Page 209 and 210: Scientific Index Shorea leptoderma,
Page 211 and 212: Scientific Index VATERINAE sub-trib
Page 213 and 214: General Index barus kapur, 192-3 ba
Page 215 and 216: General Index endangered species, i
Page 217 and 218: General Index distribution, 15 enda
Page 219 and 220: General Index nurse crops, 161, 165
Page 221 and 222: General Index seed material, cryopr
Page 223: General Index TPI, 139 tractors, 15
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