A review of dipterocarps - Center for International Forestry Research
A review of dipterocarps - Center for International Forestry Research
A review of dipterocarps - Center for International Forestry Research
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Plantations 173<br />
• Planting site: Site preparation techniques <strong>for</strong> lineplanting/underplanting/open<br />
sites, optimal planting<br />
stock size <strong>for</strong> line planting/underplanting.<br />
• Planting: Deficiency symptoms, fertilisation trials;<br />
if the fertilisation trials are observed over longer time<br />
(e.g., into the weeding and cleaning period), it is advisable<br />
to overlay the fertilisation trial with a tending<br />
trial that includes a standard treatment.<br />
• Tending: Selective weeding procedures, assessment<br />
<strong>of</strong> weed vegetation concerning risks to the plantation<br />
crop, investigation into control <strong>of</strong> weed growth<br />
through shade management.<br />
• Re-establishment by natural regeneration: Assessment<br />
<strong>of</strong> existing dipterocarp plantations near rotation age<br />
as to constitution, composition, canopy structure, regeneration<br />
status, regeneration experiments in existing<br />
older experimental dipterocarp plantations.<br />
• Re<strong>for</strong>estation/af<strong>for</strong>estation: Investigations into site<br />
amelioration techniques, species adaptation trials,<br />
plantation site preparation procedures (nurse crops,<br />
fertilisation soil improvement procedures).<br />
• Agr<strong>of</strong>orestry: <strong>Research</strong> should continue to test the<br />
use <strong>of</strong> promising dipterocarp species as agr<strong>of</strong>orestry<br />
crop trees, e.g., Shorea macrophylla and other members<br />
<strong>of</strong> the pinanga group, Shorea javanica, etc. Such<br />
research would concentrate mainly on selection as well<br />
as agri-silvicultural systems.<br />
• Management: Stand establishment guidelines, speciessite<br />
matching procedures, weeding guidelines, feasibility<br />
studies on dipterocarp plantations, development<br />
<strong>of</strong> production schemes with early financial returns,<br />
growth analysis <strong>of</strong> the existing dipterocarp plantations.<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
The author wishes to express his gratitude to Dr. Aminah<br />
Hamzah (Forest <strong>Research</strong> Institute Malaysia), Dr. J. McP<br />
Dick (Institute <strong>of</strong> Terrestrial Ecology), Dr. D. Baskaran<br />
(Forest <strong>Research</strong> Institute Malaysia), Dr. B. Hahn-<br />
Schilling (Malaysian-German Project ‘Forest<br />
Mananagement In<strong>for</strong>mation System Sarawak’), Dr. R.<br />
Nussbaum (Société Générale de Surveillance), Mr. R.<br />
Ong (Forest <strong>Research</strong> Centre, Sandakan, Sarawak), Dr.<br />
D. Simorangkir (University <strong>of</strong> Mulawarman), Mr. Truong<br />
Quang Tam (Institute <strong>of</strong> Tropical Biology, Vietnam) <strong>for</strong><br />
providing important in<strong>for</strong>mation. Dr. S. Appanah (Forest<br />
<strong>Research</strong> Institute Malaysia), Dr. P. Moura-Costa<br />
(Innoprise) and Dr. S.N. Rai (Forest Survey <strong>of</strong> India)<br />
kindly read the manuscript and their useful comments<br />
are gratefully acknowledged.<br />
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