OVERVIEW OF ALGAE

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Name Class Date
SECTION 27-1 REVIEW
OVERVIEW OF ALGAE
VOCABULARY REVIEW Distinguish between the terms in each of the following pairs
of terms.
1. gametangium, sporangium
2. unicellular alga, colonial alga
3. zoospore, zygospore
4. antheridium, oogonium
5. gametophyte, sporophyte
MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.
1. Algae differ from other protists in that they are
a. heterotrophic.
b. photosynthetic.
2. The body portion of an alga is called a
a. pyrenoid. b. holdfast. c. sporophyte. d. thallus.
3. Algae are classified into phyla based on all of the following except their
a. type of photosynthetic pigment.
b. form of food storage.
4. Which of the following cells in the life cycle of Chlamydomonas is diploid?
a. zygospore b. zoospore c. “plus” gamete d. “minus” gamete
5. A life cycle that exhibits alternation of generations has
c. always multicellular.
d. always unicellular.
c. presence or absence of flagella.
d. cell wall composition.
a. two distinct unicellular phases.
b. two distinct multicellular phases.
c. a unicellular phase that alternates with a multicellular phase.
d. an algal phase that alternates with a plant phase.
Modern Biology Study Guide
145

Name Class Date
SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.
1. Describe two differences between algae and plants.
2. What type of algae are the major constituents of phytoplankton?
3. Name two ways that phytoplankton is important to other organisms.
4. Why are the reproductive cells of Chlamydomonas called plus gametes and minus gametes
rather than sperm and eggs?
5. In which phase of the life cycle of Ulva does meiosis occur?
6. Critical Thinking What does the diversity that exists among algae suggest about the
evolutionary history of algae?
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Label each figure in the spaces provided.
The diagram below illustrates sexual reproduction in Oedogonium.
a
b
c
146 Section 27-1 Review
d
e
f
g
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4. Since protozoa are eukaryotes, their chromosomes
are contained inside a nucleus, which must
break down and then reform for conjugation to
occur. Bacteria lack a nucleus, so division and
exchange of genetic material is simpler in them.
5. Protozoa are unicellular and are separated from
their environment only by their cell membrane.
For protozoa to be metabolically active, the cell
membrane must be in contact with water.
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS
1. locomotion; 2. digestion of food particles;
3. locomotion; 4. detection of light;
5. locomotion and food capture
Section 26-2
VOCABULARY REVIEW
1. Both are parts of a sarcodine’s cytoplasm. The
endoplasm is the inner portion, and the ectoplasm
is the outer layer.
2. Both are openings on the surface of a paramecium.
Food enters the gullet through the
mouth pore, and undigested food molecules
are expelled through the anal pore.
3. Both contain DNA. The macronucleus is large, contains
multiple copies of DNA, and is responsible
for metabolic functions, and the micronucleus is
small and participates in the exchange of genetic
material during conjugation.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. b 2. a 3. c 4. d 5. c
SHORT ANSWER
1. The hard tests that cover the bodies of these
organisms sink to the bottom of the ocean, where
they accumulate as layers of sediment.
2. Cilia lining the oral groove sweep food down the
groove to the mouth pore, which opens into the
gullet. Food passes from the gullet into food vacuoles,
where digestion occurs. Undigested molecules
are expelled via the anal pore.
3. trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), increasing
fever, lethargy, mental deterioration, and coma;
Chagas’ disease, fever and severe heart damage;
leishmaniasis, disfiguring skin sores; and giardiasis,
severe diarrhea and intestinal cramps
4. The protozoans use the circulatory system of their
human and mosquito hosts to transport them
through their hosts’ bodies, and they depend on
the mosquitoes to transport them from one
human host to another.
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS
a, sporozoite; b, sporozoite; c, liver; d, merozoite; e,
red blood cells; f, gametocyte
Section 27-1
VOCABULARY REVIEW
1. A gametangium is an algal cell that produces
gametes; a sporangium is an algal cell that produces
zoospores.
2. A unicellular alga consists of a single cell; a colonial
alga consists of groups of cells acting in a
coordinated manner.
3. A zoospore is a haploid, flagellated reproductive
cell; a zygospore is a diploid zygote with a thick
protective wall.
22
Modern Biology Study Guide Answer Key
4. An antheridium is a gametangium that produces
sperm; an oogonium is a gametangium that produces
an egg.
5. A gametophyte is a haploid, gamete-producing
phase of an alga; a sporophyte is a diploid, sporeproducing
phase of such an alga.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. b 2. d 3. c 4. a 5. b
SHORT ANSWER
1. Algae lack tissue differentiation and have no true
roots, stems, or leaves; plants have these tissues.
Algae form gametes in single-celled gametangia;
plants form gametes in multicellular gametangia.
2. unicellular algae
3. Phytoplankton produces carbohydrates, forming
the foundation of aquatic food chains; phytoplankton
is a major producer of oxygen in the
atmosphere.
4. Chlamydomonas gametes look similar.
5. Meiosis occurs in the sporophyte phase.
6. There were many different origins of algae or
modern algae do not share a recent common
ancestor.
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS
a, antheridium; b, egg; c, oogonium; d, sperm;
e, zygote; f, zoospore; g, holdfast
Section 27-2
VOCABULARY REVIEW
1. Both are pigments; fucoxanthin is found in brown
algae, and phycobilins are found in red algae.
2. Both are parts of brown algae; the stipe is the
stemlike portion, and the blade is a leaflike region.
3. Both are components of the cell walls of some red
algae; carageenan is used in producing cosmetics,
gelatin capsules, and cheese, while agar is used as
a gel for culturing microbes.
4. Diatoms make up a phylum of shelled algae;
when diatoms die, their shells accumulate at the
bottom of oceans and lakes, forming diatomaceous
earth.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. a 2. b 3. d 4. c 5. a
SHORT ANSWER
1. Body forms include single cells, colonies, and
multicellular filaments and sheets.
2. water, soil, rock surfaces, tree trunks, inside the
cells of invertebrates, and inside lichens
3. Rhodophyta; they contain phycobilins, which can
absorb wavelengths of light that penetrate deep
into the water.
4. Diatoms have cell walls called shells that consist
of two pieces that fit together.
5. the presence of chlorophyll and the ability to photosynthesize;
the absence of a cell wall and motility
6. Brown, red, and some green algae are multicellular,
like plants. Many of these algae also have
structures that resemble the roots, stems, and
leaves of plants.
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS
a, blade; b, stipe; c, holdfast
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