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Biological field and laboratory methods for measuring the quality of ...

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•<br />

FOREWORD<br />

Man <strong>and</strong> his environment must be protected from <strong>the</strong> adverse effects <strong>of</strong><br />

pesticides, radiation, noise <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>for</strong>ms <strong>of</strong> pollution, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> unwise<br />

management <strong>of</strong> solid waste. Ef<strong>for</strong>ts to protect <strong>the</strong> environment require a<br />

focus that recognizes <strong>the</strong> interplay between <strong>the</strong> components <strong>of</strong> our physical<br />

environment - air, water, <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>. The National Environmental Research<br />

Centers provide this multidisciplinary focus through programs engaged in<br />

• studies on <strong>the</strong> effects <strong>of</strong> environmental contaminants on man <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

biosphere, <strong>and</strong><br />

• a search <strong>for</strong> ways to prevent contamination <strong>and</strong> to recycle valuable<br />

resources.<br />

This manual was developed within <strong>the</strong> National Environmental Research<br />

Center - Cincinnati to provide pollution biologists with <strong>the</strong> most recent<br />

<strong>methods</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>measuring</strong> <strong>the</strong> effects <strong>of</strong> environmental contaminants on freshwater<br />

<strong>and</strong> marine organisms in <strong>field</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>laboratory</strong> studies which are carried<br />

out to establish water <strong>quality</strong> criteria <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> recognized beneficial uses <strong>of</strong><br />

water <strong>and</strong> to monitor surface water <strong>quality</strong>.<br />

iii<br />

Andrew W. Breidenbach, Ph.D.<br />

Director<br />

National Environmental<br />

Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio

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