BIOLOGICAL METHODS 6.0 LITERATURE CITED 1. Allen, K. R. 1951. The Horokiwi Stream - a study <strong>of</strong> a trout populatIOn. New Zeal<strong>and</strong> Marine Dept. fish Bul\. #10. 231 pp. 2. American Pubhc Health Association. 1971. St<strong>and</strong>ard <strong>methods</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> examinatIOn <strong>of</strong> water <strong>and</strong> wastewater, 13th edition. Amencan Pub1J.c Health AssoClatlon, New York. 874 pp. 3. Beck, W. M., Jr., BIOlogical parameters in streams. Florida State Board <strong>of</strong> Health, Gainesville. 13 pp. (Unpubhshed) 4. Beck, W. M., Jr., Indicator organism classification. Florida State Board <strong>of</strong> Health, Gainesville. Mimeo. Rept. 8 pp. (Unpublished) 5. Beck, W. M., Jr. 1954. StudieS In stream pol1ution biology: I. A Simplified ecological classification <strong>of</strong> organisms. J. Fla. Acad. Sciences, 17(4):211-227. 6. Beck, W. 1., Jr. 1955. Suggested method <strong>for</strong> reporting biotic data. Sewage Ind. Wastes, 27(10): 1193-1197. 7. Bnnkhurst, R. O. 1963. Taxanomical studies on <strong>the</strong> Tubificidae (Annelida, Ohgochaeta). Internat\. Rev. Hydroblol., (Systematlsche Beihefle) 2: 1-89. 8. Brinkhurst, R. 0., K. E. Chua, <strong>and</strong> E. Batoosingh. 1969. ModificatIOns in sampling procedures as apphed to studies on <strong>the</strong> bacteria <strong>and</strong> tubiflcid oligochaetes inhabiting aquatic sediments. J. fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 26(10):2581-1593. 9. Buchanan, T. J., <strong>and</strong> W. P. Sommers. 1969. Techlllques <strong>of</strong> water investigatIOns <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States. Geological Survey. Chapter 8A, Discharge Measurements at Gaging StatIOns, Book 3, Applications <strong>of</strong> Hydrauhcs. 10. Carpenter, J. H. 1969. i\ new killing <strong>and</strong> fl:\.lng technique <strong>for</strong> small allimais. Trans. Amer. 1v1lcroscop.Soc. 88' 450-451. 11. Chutter, F. M. <strong>and</strong> R. G. Noble. 1966. The reliability <strong>of</strong> a method <strong>of</strong> sampling stream invertebrates. Arch. Hydrobio\., 62(1):95-103. 12. Curry, L. L. 1962. A survey <strong>of</strong> enviionmental requirements <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> midge (Dlptera: Tendipedidae). In: <strong>Biological</strong> Problem, in Water Pollution. TransactIOns <strong>of</strong> Thiid Seminar, C. M. Tarzwell, cd., USDHEW, PHS, Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati. 13. Dickson, K. L., J. Calms, Jr., <strong>and</strong> J. C. Arnold. 1971. An evaluation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> usc <strong>of</strong> a basket-type artifiCIal substrate <strong>for</strong> sampling macrolnvertebrate organisms. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 100(3):553-559. 14. Elhott, J. M. 1970. Methods <strong>of</strong> sampling invertebrate drift in running water. Ann. Limno\. 6(2): 133-159. 15. Elhot, J. M. 1971. Some <strong>methods</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> statistical analySIS <strong>of</strong> samples <strong>of</strong> benthiC Invertebrates. Fresh\\;ater BIOlogical Association, U.K. Ferry House, Ambleside, Westmorl<strong>and</strong>, Engl<strong>and</strong>. 144 pp. 16. Flannagan, J. r. 1970. EfficienCieS <strong>of</strong> vanous grabs <strong>and</strong> corers In sampling freshwater benthos. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 27(10): 1691-1700. 17. Ful1ner, R. W. 1971. A comparison <strong>of</strong> macroinvertebrates collected by basket <strong>and</strong> modified multiple-plate samplers. JWPCf, 43(3):494-499. 18. Gaulin, A. R., <strong>and</strong> C. M. Tarzwel1. 1956. Aquatic macrolnvertebrate eommullitles as Indicators <strong>of</strong> organic pollution In Lytle Creek. Sewage & Ind. Wastes, 28(7)'906-924. 19. Harmlton, A. L., W. Burton, ,md J. Flannagan. 1970. A multiple corer <strong>for</strong> sampling pr<strong>of</strong>undal benthos. 1. \'\sh Res. Bd. Canada, 27t10): 1867-1869. 20. Hassler, W. W., <strong>and</strong> L. B. Tebo, Jr. 1958. hsh management Investigations on trout streams. Fed. Aid Proj. F4-R Compo Report. Fish. Div., N.C. Wild/. Resour. Comm., Raleigh, N.C. 21. Henson, E. B. 1965. A cage sampler <strong>for</strong> eol1ecting aquatic fauna. Turtox News, 43t12):298-299. 22. Henson, E. B. 1958. DescnptlOn <strong>of</strong> a bottom fauna concentratmg bag. Turtox News, 36( 1): 34-36. 23. Hester, F. E., <strong>and</strong> J. S. Dendy. 1962. A multiple-plate sampler <strong>for</strong> aquatic macroinvertebrates. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 91(4):420-421. 24. Hllsenh<strong>of</strong>f, W. L. 1969. An artifiCial substrate device <strong>for</strong> sampling benthic stream invertebrate s. Limno\. Oceanogr. 14(3):465-471. 25. Hubbs, H. H., Jr. 1965. List <strong>of</strong> Georgia crayfishes With <strong>the</strong>ir probable reactIOns to \\astes (lethal chemicals not taken into consideratIOn). Mlmeo. Rept. 1 p. (Unpublished) 26. Hynes, H. B. N. 1970. The ecology <strong>of</strong> runnmg watcrs. Liverpool Umv. Press. 27. Ingram, W. M., <strong>and</strong> A. F. Bartsch. 1960. Graphic expressIOn <strong>of</strong> bIOlogical data in water pol1utlOn reports. JWPCF, 32(3):297-310. 28. Ingram, W. M. 1957. Use <strong>and</strong> value <strong>of</strong> biological indicators <strong>of</strong> pol1ution: Fresh water clams <strong>and</strong> snails. In: BIOlogical Problems In Water Pollution, C. M. Tarzwel1, ed. USDHEW, PHS, R. A. Taft Sanitary Engineermg Center, Cincinnati. 29. Kittrell, F. W. 1969. A practical guide to water <strong>quality</strong> studieS <strong>of</strong> streams. USDI, fWPCA, Washmgton, D. C. 30. Kolkwitz, R., <strong>and</strong> M. Marsson, 1909. Ecology <strong>of</strong> ammal saprobia. Int. Rev. <strong>of</strong> HydroblOlogy <strong>and</strong> Hydrogeography, 2.126-152. TranslatIOn In: BIOlogy <strong>of</strong> Water Pollution, USDI, FWPCA, Cincinnati. 1967. 31. Lewis, P. A., W. T. Mason, Jr., <strong>and</strong> C. I. Weber. A companson <strong>of</strong> Petersen, Ekman, <strong>and</strong> Ponar grab samples from nver substrates. U. S. Enviionmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati. In preparation. 32. LeWIS, P. A. 1969. MayflieS <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> genusStenonema as indicators <strong>of</strong> water <strong>quality</strong>. Presented at: Seventeenth Annual Meeting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mid. Benth, Soc., Kentucky Dam Village State Park, GilbertSVille, Ky. 10 pp. 32
MACROlNVERTEBRATE REFERENCES 33. Lloyd, M., <strong>and</strong> R. J. Ghelardl. 1964. A table <strong>for</strong> calculatIng <strong>the</strong> "equitablhty" component <strong>of</strong> species dIversIty J. AnnTI. Ecol. 33:2J7-225. 34. Lloyd, M., J. H. lar, <strong>and</strong> J. R. Karr. 1968. On <strong>the</strong> calculatIOn <strong>of</strong> In<strong>for</strong>matIOn - <strong>the</strong>oretical measures <strong>of</strong> dIversity. Am. Mid. Nat. 79(2): 257 -272. 35. Macan, T. T. 1963. Freshwater ecology. Camelot Press Ltd., London <strong>and</strong> Southampton, Engl<strong>and</strong>. 338 pp. 36. MacArthur, R. H. 1957. On <strong>the</strong> relatwe abundance <strong>of</strong> bird specIes. Proc. Nat. Acad. SCI., Waslungton, 43:293-295. 37. Mackenthun, K. M. 1969. The practIce <strong>of</strong> water pollutIon biology. USDI, FWPCA, Washington, D. C. 38. Mangelsdorf, D. C. 1967. SalInIty measurements In estuaries. Estuanes. Publication 4#
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... EPA-610/4-13 -001 July 1973 BIO
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• FOREWORD Man and his environmen
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Name Anderson, Max Arthur, John W.
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The role of aquatic biology in the
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FOREWORD 1 PREFACE CONTENTS BIOLOGI
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BIOMETRICS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Ter
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BIOLOGICAL METHODS sample or a plan
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TABLE 1. RAW DATA ON PLANKTON COUNT
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BIOLOGICAL METHODS y POSITIVE INTER
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PLANKTON 1.0 INTRODUCTION . 2.0 SAM
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sampling is usually sufficient. In
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Several sampling methods can be use
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100X. When combined with the ocular
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float, examine the underside of the
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of counts to numbers per ml is quit
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pipet with distilled water into a c
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BIOLOGICAL METHODS Calculate the ch
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2.3 Food Use a good frozen trout fo
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BIOLOGICAL METHODS 3.5 Methods When
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APPENDIX
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Item Source Cat. No. Unit Approx. C
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2.3 Fish Sources of information on
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Definitions In its original concept
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To Minims _ Liquid Ounces _ Gills _
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