Flight Instructors Training Procedures _revised AIC_x

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1. AIM DEFINITION EXERCISE 10B STALLING Stalling is a condition of flight which occurs when the angle between the wing and the relative airflow exceeds the critical angle of attack, causing the airflow over the surfaces of the wing to break away resulting in a loss of lift, loss of altitude and a pitching moment. An aircraft could stall at any airspeed, any attitude, any power setting, any configuration and at any weight or loading. WHAT THE INSTRUCTOR IS TO TEACH i. Discuss the principles involved. ii. The air exercise briefing: a. Applicable procedures and checklists. b. Aircraft handling techniques:- Demonstration and Observation. c. Consideration of airmanship and engine handling. d. Similarity to previous exercise. e. De-briefing after flight. WHY IT IS BEING TAUGHT To give the student a good understanding and thorough knowledge of the principles required to: i. Recognise the symptoms of an approaching stall. ii. The characteristics of the stall. iii. The recovery procedure, with emphasis on recovering with the minimum loss of altitude. HOW THE EXERCISE APPLIES TO FLYING This is an abnormal condition of flight which may occur during flight manoeuvres entailing slow flight, high angle of attack and high speed/high loadings. 2. PRINCIPLES INVOLVED 1. RECAP ON: Exercise 4, Para 2.1 (i) and (ii) − Effects of Controls. 2. NEWTON’S LAWS Inertia. 3. DISCUSS THE FORCES AND COUPLES ON AN AIRCRAFT APPROACHING THE STALL: LIFT i. Formula. ii. Boundary Layer flow – adverse pressure gradient. iii. Movement of Centre of Pressure (C.P.) with angle of attack. iv. Airflow at Critical Angle of Attack. v. Basic stalling speed as per aircraft manual. + !"#$ %# &"" '$ #
4. DISCUSS: i. Symptoms of the approaching stall. ii. Characteristics at the stall. iv. Recovery procedure. v. Effect of power on recovery. 5. DISCUSS THE EFFECT OF WEIGHT: i. Greater Mass. ii. Distribution of mass in aircraft. 6. DISCUSS FACTORS AFFECTING THE STALL: ii. MANOEUVRES – g-loading. iii. AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATIONS iv. THRUST AND SLIPSTREAM v. AEROFOIL SECTIONS: a. Shape. b. Icing. c. Damage. 7. ADVANCED STALLING i. WING TIP STALLING a. Reason for: Power – slipstream. Flaps. b. Prevention of: Washout. Change of wing section. Other device. ii. HIGH SPEED STALLING/ G LOADING a. Inertia. b. Turning. iii. AUTOROTATION 3. DESCRIPTION OF AIR EXERCISE a. APPLICABLE PROCEDURES AND CHECKLISTS b. AIRCRAFT HANDLING TECHNIQUES:- DEMONSTRATION OBSERVATION 1. THE STUDENT’S FIRST STALL i. Stall the aircraft form straight and level flight and recover without power. i. Lookout/Area. ii. Complete pre-stall checks (HASELL). iii. Inspection Turn. iv. Not violent or unpleasant. v. Control easily regained. !"#$ # &"" '$ #
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Revised by Wouter Gous, Bob Ewing a
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EXERCISE 19: Instrument Flying.....
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FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL OF TRA
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EXERCISE 1E EMERGENCY DRILLS When t
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ii. Propeller which cannot feather
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1. AIM EXERCISE 2 PREPARATION FOR F
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1. AIM EXERCISE 3 AIR EXPERIENCE To
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1. AIM DEFINITION EXERCISE 4 EFFECT
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1. EFFECT OF FLYNG CONTROLS i Demon
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4. EFFECT OF TRIM i. The student ma
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v. Use power setting that will not
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1. AIM DEFINITION EXERCISE 5 TAXYIN
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2. CONTROL OF DIRECTION AND TURNING
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Page 35 and 36: i. Weathercocking stability - verti
Page 37 and 38: 4. Demonstrate of the possibility o
Page 39 and 40: iii. Do not allow the student to us
Page 41 and 42: 1. AIM DEFINITION EXERCISE 7 CLIMBI
Page 43 and 44: 5. AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE i. D
Page 45 and 46: 2. DEMONSTRATE THE EFFECT OF POWER
Page 47 and 48: 4. BEST ANGLE OF CLIMB Demonstrate
Page 49 and 50: . For aircraft without a rudder tri
Page 51 and 52: 1. AIM DEFINITION EXERCISE 8 DESCEN
Page 53 and 54: FORMULA: Rule of thumb - 75% of air
Page 55 and 56: iv. Levelling off from the glide at
Page 57 and 58: ii. From optimum/intermediate flap,
Page 59 and 60: d. SIMILARITY TO PREVIOUS EXERCISES
Page 61 and 62: 1. AIM DEFINITION SIDE SLIPPING An
Page 63 and 64: 2. SIDE SLIP WHILE TURNING - SLIPPI
Page 65 and 66: 2. Discuss the common faults studen
Page 67 and 68: 1. AIM DEFINITION EXERCISE 9 TURNIN
Page 69 and 70: ) horizon and/or instruments indica
Page 71 and 72: 1. AIM DEFINITION DESCENDING AND CL
Page 73 and 74: 2. i. CLIMBING TURN From a straight
Page 75 and 76: d. SIMILARITY TO PREVIOUS EXERCISES
Page 77 and 78: slower airspeeds. Do not raise the
Page 79 and 80: ii. Climbing flight. iii. Turning f
Page 81: 3. Discuss the student’s actual f
Page 85 and 86: 4. ii. Demonstrate a stall from str
Page 87 and 88: 7. 8. 9. 10. i. i. i. i. RECOVERY F
Page 89 and 90: v. Use of cowl flaps. vi Fuel manag
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Page 93 and 94: 4. THE AIRCRAFT AS A GYROSCOPE i. T
Page 95 and 96: iii. Rolling moments. 12. ENTRY The
Page 97 and 98: 3. 4. i. i. ii. SPIN FROM A LEVEL T
Page 99 and 100: ENGINE CONSIDERATIONS i. As per air
Page 101 and 102: vii. Wind: a. Headwind. b. Crosswin
Page 103 and 104: 2. 3. v. i. i. Crosswind leg. (Alte
Page 105 and 106: iii. Crosswind leg. iv. Engine fail
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Page 109 and 110: c. The steady wind correction shoul
Page 111 and 112: 3. 4. iii. iv. Flare. Hold-off or f
Page 113 and 114: 8. 9. i. ii. WHEEL LANDING - APPLIC
Page 115 and 116: Most problems in the circuit can be
Page 117 and 118: Advise ATC. Request assistance if r
Page 119 and 120: 2. AERODYNAMIC AND MECHANICAL CONSI
Page 121 and 122: xi. The go-around procedure. 2. Dis
Page 123 and 124: 3. DESCRIPTION OF AIR EXERCISE a. A
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Page 127 and 128: 5. EFFECT OF AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BA
Page 129 and 130: c. CONSIDERATIONS OF AIRMANSHIP AND
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4. DISCUSS: i. Turn rate. ii. Turn
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e. DE-BRIEFING AFTER FLIGHT 1. Brie
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iii. Propeller pitch. iv. Speed. v.
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5. 6. 7. 8. FAULT ANALYSIS While po
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xiii. Passenger briefing and forced
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1. AIM DEFINITION EXERCISE 17A LOW
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4. ii. i. During a turn. THE EFFECT
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c. CONSIDERATIONS OF AIRMANSHIP AND
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1. AIM DEFINITION EXERCISE 17B PREC
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3. d. Suitable open terrain. e. Sig
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iii. Height of possible cloud base
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1. AIM DEFINITION EXERCISE 18A PILO
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3. DEDUCED RECKONING NAVIGATION TEC
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3. 4. i. ii. IN TRANSIT TRACK ERROR
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9. 10. ii. 10% of flying time since
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e. DE-BRIEFING AFTER FLIGHT 1. Brie
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1. AIM DEFINITION EXERCISE 18B NAVI
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3. DESCRIPTION OF AIR EXERCISE a. A
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6. 7. iii. i. ) ) Note: Do not atte
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i. Poor height control. ii. Poor an
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LONG BRIEFING Objectives: a. Use of
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1. AIM EXERCISE 19 INSTRUMENT FLYIN
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c. Aircraft weight. 3.2 Climbs and
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13.3 Instrument failure. 13.4 Elect
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1. AIM LESSON 1 FULL PANEL MANOEUVR
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Turn co-ordinator. Altimeter and AS
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6. SIMILARITY TO PREVIOUS EXERCISES
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1. AIM LESSON 2 FULL PANEL MANOEUVR
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ix. CLIMBING AND DESCENDING TURNS )
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v. STALLS - CLEAN ),* increasing th
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9. BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE REQUIREMENTS
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), student to recover. ii. Have the
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vi. TIME TURNS i. required. Have st
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i. Correct scan. ii. The use of the
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vii. AWKWARD ATTITUDES ) the need t
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These exercises are absolutely vita
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ix. x. xi. xii. UNUSUAL ATTITUDES T
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1. AIM LESSON 9 INSTRUMENT TEST FOR
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1. AIM LESSON 10 USING THE ADF FOR
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1. AIM LESSON 11 USING THE ADF FOR
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1. AIM LESSON 12 INTERCEPTING AND M
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1. AIM LESSON 13 VOR AND ADF CONSOL
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1. AIM LESSON 14 NDB HOLDING PATTER
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9. BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE REQUIREMENTS
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ii. iii. iv. THE APPROACH THE MISSE
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The demonstration of the importance
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iv. Timing and turning in the corre
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iv. Cockpit organization is vital.
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iii. THE VOR/NDB APPROACH 5. CONSID
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The importance of a call like this
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iii. THE NDB APPROACH * i. Ensure t
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5. CONSIDERATIONS OF AIRMANSHIP AND
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vi Failure to identify the navigati
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iii. WIND CORRECTION + ending in 2
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5. CONSIDERATIONS OF AIRMANSHIP AND
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. Aircraft electrical system failur
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) path only. Use 30° bank angle to
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i. Same as in day flying. ii. Ensur
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iii. Drag. iv. Power. 3. DESCRIPTIO
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i. Manoeuvre executed to opposite s
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. Effect of momentum during recover
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. Mass. c. Drag. d. Power. 3. DESCR
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keel is 2000ft agl. 2. HALF ROLL TO
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1. AIM DEFINITION EXERCISE 23 ASSYM
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DESIG- NATION Vs0 Vs1 Vmc Vmca Vmcg
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iii. Engine failure procedure: FLY
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2. EFFECTS AND RECOGNITION OF ENGIN
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the airspeed to reduce. Note the ai
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* ) ix. Raise the landing gear and
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ii. iii. Base Leg. The Final Approa
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iv. Climbing and descending turns.
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PART 2 AIR EXERCISE BRIEFINGS * !"#
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AIR EXERCISE BRIEFING EX 4: EFFECTS
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AIR EXERCISE BRIEFING EX 6: STRAIGH
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FLIGHT EXERCISE BRIEFING EXERCISE 9
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EFFECT OF CONTROLS: SLOW FLIGHT •
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IMPORTANT: ENTRY CHARACTERISTICS RE
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FLIGHT EXERCISE BRIEFING EXERCISE 1
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Flight Instructors Training Procedures _revised AIC_x

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