Flight Instructors Training Procedures _revised AIC_x

1. AIM
LESSON 14
NDB HOLDING PATTERNS
The aim of this exercise is to teach the student how to enter and remain in a holding pattern based on
the NDB.
DEFINITION
The NDB holding pattern is a procedure used to keep an aircraft in a specific area for a period of time
using the NDB as the navigation aid.
2. WHAT THE INSTRUCTOR IS TO TEACH (Briefing of 30 min.)
The instructor should use the approach charts that the student will be using for his training in explaining
what is required in the various points mentioned below:
i. Why holding patterns are necessary
ii. Now holding patterns are constructed
iii. The various entries into holding patterns and how to determine which entry to use.
iv. The timing required in the holding pattern
v. Drift correction in the holding pattern
vi. Drift correction in the holding pattern
vii. Minimum holding altitudes
viii. How to minimize fuel consumption
ix. The concepts of Expected Approach and Onward clearance times
x. The various actions that a pilot should follow when crossing a navigation aid e.g.:
a. TIME – the stop watch should be started.
b. TURN – turn the aircraft onto the correct heading.
c. THROTTLE – reduce power to holding power if not yet done.
d. TWIST/TUNE – the inbound track should be dialled in when using the VOR for holding
purposes but could be learned now. Tune applies to tuning the correct navaid frequency if
applicable.
e. TALK - it is vital that the student learns that the radio work should not be done at the
expense of flying and navigation.
3. WHY IT IS BEING TAUGHT
This exercise is taught to ensure that the student will be able to determine which entry is to be used
and then enter and fly the holding pattern based on an NDB. The holding pattern is a vital part of
procedural instrument flying.
4. THE AIR EXERCISE
i. CRUISE i. While flying towards the NDB the instructor
should help the student determine the entry
and establish exactly what he is going to
do on reaching the beacon.
ii. Allow the student to enter the holding
pattern and fly not more than two holds.
iii. On reaching the NDB again leave the hold
and have the student track out on a QDR.
Give the student headings to position for
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