Flight Instructors Training Procedures _revised AIC_x

1. AIM
LESSON 12
INTERCEPTING AND MAINTAINING VOR RADIALS
The aim of this lesson is to teach the student how to intercept and follow a radial towards and away
from the VOR station.
DEFINITION
Flight is carried out with sole reference to instruments and using the VOR system for track guidance.
2. WHAT THE INSTRUCTOR IS TO TEACH (Briefing of 30 min.)
i. The principles of operation of the VOR.
ii. The limitations of the VOR system.
iii. Methods of intercepting a given radial.
iv. Drift correction procedure.
3. WHY THIS LESSON IS TAUGHT
This lesson is taught so that the student will be able to fly the aircraft with sole reference to instruments
as well as be able to navigate the aircraft using the VOR both en-route and during the VOR approach.
4. THE AIR EXERCISE
It is important for the instructor to teach the student how to test the VOR receiver for accuracy and
correct functioning. As a guide in an aircraft fitted with two VOR receivers, they should both be tuned
to the same station and the displayed radials with the needles centred and TO in the window, should
be within 4° of each other on the ground. Where reception of a VOR is impossible on the ground, the
same method may be used in the air but the radials should be within 6° of each other. When an aircraft
is fitted with a single VOR installation, the testing becomes a little vague as we don’t have VOT’s at all
stations in Africa. As a suggestion the coding of the station should be checked, the radial checked for
reasonableness and the 10° full deflection check can be checked.
A problem that students usually experience is one of chasing the VOR needle and ADF for that matter.
This problem may be overcome by teaching the student to find a reference heading and adjust from the
heading. The reference heading is a heading that will keep the VOR needle stationary. The position of
the needle as long as it does not show full scale deflection, is immaterial. Once a heading to keep the
needle still is found a turn to intercept the radial is made and as soon as the needle centres the aircraft
is turned back to the reference heading.
i. DEPARTURE
ii.
CRUISE
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i. The student should be given a departure
clearance that requires intercepting a QDR
or a QDM for practice purposes.
i. Once established in the cruise, the student
should be shown how to intercept a
specified VOR radial inbound to a station.
Once again it is absolutely vital that a VOR
station is not used without identifying it.
ii. Have the student practice intercepting
radials until proficient.
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