Flight Instructors Training Procedures _revised AIC_x

iii. Speed dissipation.
2.8. THE HOLD-OFF AND NORMAL LANDING
i. Flight parallel to surface.
ii. Speed and angle of attack.
iii. Prevention of stalling onto runway.
iv. Normal landing.
v. Advantages of normal landing.
2.9. AFTER LANDING RUN
i. Throttle closed.
ii. Keeping straight – high speed taxying.
iii. Causes of swing.
2.10. EFFECT OF WIND ON THE APPROACH AND LANDING
i. Head winds (i.e. wind down the runway):
a. Downwind leg.
b. Base leg.
c. Final approach.
d. Landing phase.
ii. Crosswind (i.e. wind at an angle to the runway) or Strong, Gusty Wind:
a. Downwind leg.
b. Base leg.
c. Final approach.
d. Landing phase.
e. Discuss the need for less or no flap and use of power till touchdown:
(1). Ailerons less effective at low speeds – the need to increase
approach and Vref speeds.
(2). Higher speeds results in lower nose attitude for landing therefore
the need to use less flap or no flap – gives higher nose attitude at
landing (touchdown on main wheels first) and faster response to
power changes in gusty and wind shear conditions.
(3). Use of power till touchdown ensures good elevator and rudder
responsiveness.
f. Discuss the need to close power immediately on touchdown:
(1). Possibility of coming airborne again.
(2). Affect on landing run.
iii. Tail wind (i.e. wind down the runway):
a. Downwind leg.
b. Base leg.
c. Final approach.
d. Landing phase.
e. Discuss effect of higher ground speed on landing run.
iv. Discuss allowances to be made to approach (Vapp) and Vref speeds in strong and
gusty wind. Various calculation methods exist and the following are two
examples of allowance to be made:
Allowance A:
a. Approaches in calm conditions are normally made at Vref+5 knots but with
reported wind speeds in excess of 10 knots the recommendation is a correction
of ½ the steady wind above 10 knots + 100% of the gust value, with a total
maximum correction of 15 knots.
b. For example; with a Vref of 63 knots and a headwind of 20 gusting 25 knots the
Vapp would become 63+5+5 knots = 73 knots.
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