GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TENNESSEE

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VI CONTENTS Page FIGUBE 1. Map of central Tennessee showing approximate variation in average mean annual temperature________-_________.L____ 6 2. Average mean monthly temperature and extremes of monthly temperature in north-central Tennessee__________________ 8 3. Map of central Tennessee showing approximate variations in normal rainfall______________________________;-_____-___ 12 4. Variations in annual rainfall at stations in central Tennessee 14 5. Chemical character of water from representative tubular springs in north-central Tennessee___--__-_-_---------__----___- 94 6. Chemical character of representative ground waters from the Murfreesboro limestone-.______________________________ 182 7. Sketch plan showing location of wells in Lebanon that yield more than 100 gallons a minute_ ________________________ 223
ABSTRACT This report describes briefly the physiography, stratigraphy, and geologic structure and the sources and chemical character of the ground water in a region covering 5,800 square miles on the northwest slope of the Nashville dome, in north- central Tennessee. It includes Cheatham, Davidson, Dickson, Houston, Hum phreys, Montgomery, Roberfcson, Rutherford, Stewart, Sumner, Williamson, and Wilson Counties. The region includes parts of two physiographic districts, the Nashville Basin and the Highland Rim plateau, both of which are sections of the Interior Low Plateaus province. The Highland Rim plateau comprises remnants of a regional peneplain, which was formed in the interval between late Upper Cretaceous and early upper Oligocene time and was subsequently arched and uplifted. Its present altitude within the region described is between 1,350 and 600 feet above sea level. The Nashville Basin is an elliptical depression 85 miles long by 50 miles wide formed by stream planation in the Ordovician limestones on the crest of the Nashville dome, and its floor is 700 to 550 feet above sea level. The period of stream planation has been ascribed to the middle Pleistocene. The principal streams are now intrenched 100 feet or more below the floor of the Nashville Basin. The primary structural feature of the region is the Nashville dome, the south erly one of two domes on the axis of the Cincinnati geanticline. The Nashville dome is a flat elliptical flexure whose major axis strikes N. 20°-30° E. across the eastern part of the region. From the apex of the dome, in the southeast corner of the region, the axis plunges northward and southward between 5 and 10 feet to the mile. The flanks dip about 15 feet to the mile within 50 miles of the apex, but the western flank flattens in the more remote parts of the region. Super posed upon the Nashville dome are many secondary anticlines, synclines, and domes, which generally are less than 5 miles long and 100 feet high. Where the secondary folding is most intense the rocks are much jointed. One of the two principal sets of joints is approximately parallel and the other normal to the major axis of the Nashville dome. In the northwestern part of the region the rocks are complexly faulted and folded in an area which is roughly circular in plan and about 8 miles in diameter; this is the Wells Creek uplift. The deformation that produced the Nashville dome began at least as early as the Lower Ordovician and recurred as late as upper Oligocene time. The oldest consolidated rock of the region is a cherty magnesian limestone of Lower Ordovician (Beekmantown?) age, which crops out only in the center of the Wells Creek Basin. The rocks exposed elsewhere on the Nashville dome range in age from Lower Ordovician (Chazy) to upper Mississippian, and each of the geologic systems within this range is represented. However, the geologic column is broken by one major unconformity, the complete hiatus including the Upper Ordovician and all of the Silurian and Devonian. At least 16 minor stratigraphic breaks occur. With the exception of the Chattanooga and Ridge- top shales, the strata are limestones, massive and thin bedded, pure, earthy, and cherty. Many of these limestones did not cross the axis of the Nashville dome, so that they overlap one another most complexly. The total maximum thickness of the exposed strata is about 2,530 feet, although the actual thickness in any one section is much less. A well drilled near the apex of the Nashville dome pene trates sandstone from 610 to 620 feet below the surface; the remaining strata include limestone, dolomite, and chert to a depth of 1,930 feet. The unconsolidated rocks include sand and gravel of Upper Cretaceous age, which rest upon the Highland Rim plateau in a few small areas, stream terrace deposits, and the alluvium that forms the present flood plains. vn
Page 1 and 2: PLEASE DO NOT DESTROY OB THROW AWAY
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Pager -Abstract.__________
Page 5: OOHTBHTS V Ground water Continued.
Page 9 and 10: GBOUND WATEB IN NOBTH-CENTBAL TENNE
Page 11 and 12: INTBODUCTION Q In addition to the w
Page 13 and 14: GEOGRAPHY O exist at several locali
Page 15 and 16: GEOGRAPHY / The annual range betwee
Page 17 and 18: J? §1 ? 20 158 2 20 15 GEOGRAPHY 9
Page 19 and 20: Record lacking for 1882, 1887-88, 1
Page 21 and 22: GEOGRAPHY 13 In general there is so
Page 23 and 24: SURFACE FEATURES OF CENTRAL TENNESS
Page 25 and 26: StJBFACE FEATURES OF CENTRAL TENNES
Page 27 and 28: SURFACE FEATURES OF CENTRAL TENNESS
Page 29 and 30: STJBFACE FEATURES OF CENTRAL TENNES
Page 31 and 32: SURFACE FEATUKES OF CENTKAL TENNESS
Page 33 and 34: U. S. GEOLOGICAL SUBVEY WATEH-STJPP
Page 35 and 36: U. 8. GEOLOGICAL STJEVEY WATER-SUPP
Page 37: U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPL
Page 40 and 41: to O> Stratigraphic section for nor
Page 42 and 43: Stratigraphic section for north-cen
Page 44 and 45: 30 GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TE
Page 46 and 47: 32 GEOTJND WATEE IN NOETH-CENTEAL T
Page 48 and 49: 34 GEOTJND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL T
Page 54 and 55: TJ. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPP
Page 56 and 57:
XT. S. GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY WATER-SUPP
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42 GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TE
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52 GEOTJND WATBE IN NOETH-CBNTEAL T
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j GEOUND WATEE IN NOETH-CENTEAL TEN
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72, GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL T
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80 GROUND WATEE IN NORTH-CENTRAL TE
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TJ. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPP
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SPEINGS 89 blank sample of water sh
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SPRINGS ' 91 formation, which are k
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SPBINGS 93 roof above its channel i
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SPKINGS bearing channel very close
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ARTESIAN CONDITIONS 97 may be expec
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GROUND "WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TENN
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QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 101 of diss
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QUALIFY OF GROUND WATER 103 north-c
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QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 105 nesium
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QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 107 Temains
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QUALITY OF GROUND WATEB 109 undesir
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DATA waters in north-central Tennes
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QUALITY OF GROUND WATER in north-ce
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in north-central Tennessee Continue
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QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 121 more th
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5 Leipers and Cat beys formations:
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CHEATHAM COUNTY 125 which are trave
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Typical wells in Cheatham County, T
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fi7 3... .... 1± .do .... .... .
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GROUND WATEB IN NOKTH-CENTBAL TENNE
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DAVIDSON COUNTY 133 have the same w
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Typical wells in Davidson County, T
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At 1400 Eighth Ave. N. At foundry,
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Typical springs in Davidson County,
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DICKBON COUNTY 141 the Highland Rim
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DICKSON COUNTY 148 mineral matter,
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Water-bearing beds Remarks Use of w
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Typical springs in Dickson County,
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HOUSTON COUNTY 149 superficial rela
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Typical wells in Houston County, Te
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GBOUND WATEB IN NOETH-CENTEAL TENNE
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HUMPHREYS COUNTY 155 and elsewhere
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HUMPHREYS COUNTY 157 prove inadequa
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Typical wells in Humphreys County,
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Typical springs in Humphreys County
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MONTGOMERY COUNTY 163 Driller's log
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MONTGOMERY COUNTY 165 and most of t
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Maximum consumption 1,200 gallons a
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e-s §8238 o o o o o o p: S JH.-C 3
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EOBEETSON COUNTY 171 GROUND-WATER C
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Typical wells in Robertson County,
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Water turbid. Stock.. .. .........
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GROUND WATEB IN NORTH-CENTRA!, TENN
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RUTHERFORD COUNTY 179 water table a
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RUTHERFORD COUNTY 181 and passing t
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RUTHERFORD COUNTY 183 tated as the
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6± miles E.. _ _ .. __ ._ _ ___ ..
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..... do... ... .... 138 ....... Ne
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58 None .............. }... .do ...
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STEWABT COUNTY 191 _ In addition to
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wash and weathered rocks in the low
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.....do....... ..... do....... Buck
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Approximate yield Openings Tempera-
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StJMNEB COUNTY 199 mately N. 70° E
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SOI hydrogen sulphide and contains
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SUMNEE COUNTY 208 Gallatin are know
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Do. hillside springs. derive water
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WILLIAMSON COUNTY Driller's log of
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WJfetlAMSON i&entf&nts, also in thf
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WILL1AMSON COUNTY 211 perennial spr
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COUNTT trated calcium bicarbonate w
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Typical wells in Williamson County,
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-130- Shale . use. beds found below
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Approximate yield Openings Remarks
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WILSON COUNTY 221 entire Middle and
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WILSON COUNTY 223 chemical characte
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WILSON COUNTY stitute the source of
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WIIJSON COUNTY 227 associated with
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WILSON COUNTY 229 pump is driven th
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* Water-bearing beds Remarks Use of
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Typical springs in Wilson County, T
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236 INDEX F Page Farrar, D. F., ana
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238 INDEX Page Sumner County, munic
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GROUND WATER IN NORTH-CENTRAL TENNESSEE

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