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76 HISTORY OF CORN MILLING: vol. iv. Ill- the time of Ranulph Earl of Chester, of which toll-hope sixteen make a crannock : the aforesaid keeper and milners have, and of long time have had, another measure called a Tolle-Hoope the great 1400. damage and extortion of the common people, to the yearly value of forty shillings : And so continued by ten years. '-J^^^^^' Now 7. Inquisition, ^f the which Tolle-Hoope thirteen make a crannock : To [The true toll-hoop is said to be the one-sixteenth of a crannoc. According Text, ante, p. 18. to the calculation at Dublin in 1320, the crannoc was equal to eight pecks ; the capacity of the Chester toll-hoop being therefore half a peck. But little reliance is to be placed on these varying local measures of capacity. ] „ . They say also that where any man or woman doth ^^^ °^ ^ poor. bring three or four bushels to the said mylnes to grind, the milners aforesaid do take of every sack two hand- fuls, or three, at the least, to the use of the said keepers and milners whereof which they ought to take nothing : In extortion of the common people, and worth by the year twenty shillings and more : And so they have continued by ten years and more. [This complaint claims a custom of grinding small quantities, for the poor, toll free ; and two centuries later we really find such a custom definitely stated at Ibid., post, p. 100. an inquisition regarding Dee Mills : " The inhabitants of the said city do for the most part grind their corn and malt at the said mills with great ease to themselves, especially the poorer sort, who usually grind their pecks and small portions of corn without paying any toll for the same."] How men of Thy say also that where men did come of the parts Wirrall came to of Wirhall by water in a little boat with a certain grind at the quantity of grain, to the said mylnes to "^^ grind, against "^^" the purification of our blessed ladie [February 2] in the . . . year of the reign of King Richard the Second, then came the said milners, by the assent of the said keeper, and made the said five men to swear upon the holy evangels within their hands, how many men were partners in the said corn : It was admitted by them that fourteen were partners ; and upon that they took of every man a penny, afore they would grind, besides the toll ; In extortion and grievous damage of the common people, to the value of fourteen pence. [Wirral is the peninsular portion of Cheshire lying between the Dee and the Mersey. The charge of one penny for each man owning a share in the little boat's cargo, in addition to the usual toll, may be evidence of the sharp business qualities of the millers, but cannot be alleged as an abuse of the legal customs of the mill, for the Wirral men were not citizens of Chester, to whom alone the customs applied ; and, in fact, these adventurers were doubtless absenting themselves from their own local mill, as the Dee millers very readily perceived, and were surcharged as all other than citizens might be, at the discretion of the millers.] 8. Installation ^' The foregoing tremendous verdict wrought the of Keeper, desired effect. Thomas de Mostyn and his satelHtes 1409- promptly disappeared before the close of the year 1400, clerk and Henry de Strangways in that year being ** keeper of the mills of Dee for life" ; being succeeded, June 9, 1401, by Robert Castell, gentleman, as '' clerk and approver." Under him, as deputy, served John,
SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 77 son of William del Lowe (1407), also John de inl- Huxley and Robert del Hope (1409). In this latter year Chester.' Hope, under the guarantee of twelve sureties, was a Installation duly installed as the actual practical manager of the of Keeper, mills :— ^409. Coppie of a Recognizaunc wherbye sertaine are bound for the Harl. MSS., occupier of Dee mylls 23. Oct. 11 H. 4. 2081. 179. Re Robti del hope deputati Rbt Castell clici & Apprimatoris Molendinor de Dee. Johes WaDssh de Cestr', Ranulphus le clerke de Cestr', Johes del hope de Cestr', Rogerus le potter, Ith Trevor, Johes de hale de Cestr' Vyntnyer, Innocencius de Chesterfeld, Thomas Aleyn, Ricus Strangways, Johes Launcelyn, Thomas de Sherdeley & Thomas de Gorstylowe venerunt in Sccio hie xxiij° die Octobris Anno reg. henr' quarti post conquestum vndecimo & manuceper' et q'lbt eor. p se manucepit p Robto del hope deputato Robti castell Clici et Apprimatoris Molendinor' dni' henr' principis Wall' & Comitis Cestr' de Dee & piscarie eiusdem principis & Comitis ibm de bene & fidelit' s'uiendo erga dco. dno. Comiti sub Cam'ar' Cestr' p tempore existente de p'fato Robto Castell in officio pdco qindiu in eodem officio subeodem Robto Castell stetit & se esse contigit : Et de se bene gerendo erga dco. dno. Principem & Comitem & omes sectatores Molendinis : p'dcis Et ad bene et fidelit' soluend dco. dno. principi et pfato Cam'ar' vel eius locum tenen' p tempore existen' noie et ad opus ipsius dni' principis quodcumq' denarios de exitib' Molendinor et piscarie pdcor puenientes de tempore in tempris ad mandatu' vel eius locum tenen' : Et eidem Cam'ario vel eius ipsius locum Cam'arij tenenti intendens et obediens erit tarn in solucoe denarios ipsius dni' principis ac vendicoe granor brasr et pisc'm de molendin' & piscar' pdcis pueniencin et ilia sub consilio eordem vendet, qrn in om'ib5 alijs officio pdco qualit'cumq' spectan' : Et ad omes et sing'las leges & consuetudines in eisdem Molendinis hactenus vsitatas p posse suo observabit ad opus et pficium pdci' dni' principis & Comitis subpena que incumbit, qiiidiu idem Robtus del hope in officio pdco esse contigit. Recognisances for the occupier of Dee Mills, October 23, 1409. Re Robert del Hope, deputy of Robert Castell, clerk and conductor of Dee Mills. John Walsh of Chester [with eleven others named] have come to this Court of Exchequer, October 23, the eleventh year of the reign of Henry, the Fourth after the Conquest, and bound themselves conjointly and severally on behalf of Robert del Hope, the deputy of Robert Castell, clerk and manager of the mills of the Lord Henry Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester on the Dee, and the fishery of the same prince and earl there, for his good and faithful service towards the said lord the earl, under the Chamberlain of Chester, for the rime the said Robert Castell continues in the said office, so
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HISTORY OF CORN MILLING VOL. I HAND
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HISTORY OF CORN MILLING RICHARD BEN
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PREFACE. The short histories of mil
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PREFACE ix he commissioned the pres
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PREFACE xi in tribute to his memory
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§ CONTENTS OF VOL. IV. CHAPTER I.
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CONTENTS. XV 10. Eastham {continued
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS, CHAPTER I. THE C
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 3 Hec est conven
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 5 same manner th
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 7 suus, tunc abb
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. annis per molend
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 11 us ; unless o
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 13 5. In 13 1 2
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 15 reply they pe
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 17 Unde supplica
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 19 for the said
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 21 The claim giv
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 23 predictis pis
Page 45 and 46: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 25 The King to t
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Page 51 and 52: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 31 survey of Shr
Page 53 and 54: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 33 times been vo
Page 55 and 56: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 35 mentioned in
Page 57 and 58: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 37 Sanctorum pat
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Page 65 and 66: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 45 de communi II
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Page 69 and 70: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 49 and for which
Page 71 and 72: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 51 9. The forepf
Page 73 and 74: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 53 1 10. Thus af
Page 75 and 76: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 65 CHAPTER III.
Page 77 and 78: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 67 2. It was in
Page 79 and 80: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 59 longer any pr
Page 81 and 82: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 61 lands in the
Page 83 and 84: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 63 Inquisition h
Page 85 and 86: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 66 Richard Ingen
Page 87 and 88: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 67 of wheat to b
Page 89 and 90: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 69 were so impov
Page 91 and 92: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 71 The new names
Page 93 and 94: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 73 quantity as m
Page 95: ought'oTrind. SOME FEUDAL MILLS 75
Page 99 and 100: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 79 and there aby
Page 101 and 102: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 81 hath byn out
Page 103 and 104: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 83 mills for twe
Page 105 and 106: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 19 Henry VIL (15
Page 107 and 108: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 87 keeping the o
Page 109 and 110: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 89 esq., testifi
Page 111 and 112: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 91 September 4,
Page 113 and 114: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 93 suffer him to
Page 115 and 116: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 95 with certain
Page 117 and 118: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 97 years at this
Page 119 and 120: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 99 continuance o
Page 121 and 122: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 101 And that the
Page 123 and 124: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 103 they themsel
Page 125 and 126: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. the river of Dee
Page 127 and 128: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 107 another mana
Page 129 and 130: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 109 parishioner]
Page 131 and 132: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. Ill displeasure
Page 133 and 134: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 113 Dee right of
Page 135 and 136: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 115 In due cours
Page 137 and 138: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 117 •111* 1 Pe
Page 139 and 140: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 119 bene." He di
Page 141 and 142: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 121 in his house
Page 143 and 144: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 123 at St. Mary'
Page 145 and 146: SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 125 CHAPTER IV.
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 127 Ere long the
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 129 In these ref
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 131 Everton was
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 133 been establi
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 135 Dam, East-to
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 13' SITE OF MEDI
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 139 selions of l
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 141 Dat apud Lyv
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 143 amount of th
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 145 Molyneux, wh
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 14' And that you
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 149 In July 1577
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 151 and their su
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 153 shall be bou
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 165 annum; and,
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 167 his wood of
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 159 ** 14. As th
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 161 and store Ki
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 163 comandinge t
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 165 thinketh, wh
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 167 the actual w
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 169 burgesses an
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 171 KING S MILLS
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 173 assigns (inh
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 175 (the regicid
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 177 them. It wou
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 179 Remember the
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 181 V T . . no f
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. also in order to
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 185 ^14 6s. 8d.
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 187 to Sir Willi
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 189
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 191 credited wit
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 193 still remain
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 195 Manor of Wes
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 197 proved to be
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 199 i ^ A \^ ^.v
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS, 201 1 82 1, when
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 203 Gallows Mill
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 205 bought at 70
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 207 of a mill at
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 209 Crabtree Lan
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 211 CHAPTER V. J
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 213 parts and pr
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 215 The entire c
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 21 overture for
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 219 it more for
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 221 *' as a last
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Carrying by millers GENERAL INDEX.
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Loading. See Canying. Malt bought r
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HISTORY OF CORN MILLING. Pour Volum
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University of Toronto Library Acme
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