History of corn milling .. - Centrostudirpinia.it
History of corn milling .. - Centrostudirpinia.it History of corn milling .. - Centrostudirpinia.it
58 HISTORY OF CORN MILLING: VOL. IV. DEE^MiiLS ^^-g^^^ted his father's gifts to the abbey, with a notable ' CHESTER. addition :— 2. The Abbey Ego comes Ricardus post obitum patris mei dedi pro saluta and the Mills, animse mea et suae terrain quse fuit Wulfrici proepositi foris portam 1093. de North, prius per unam spicam frumenti deinde per unum cultellum Ormerod super altare Sanctse : Werburgae et molendinum de Bache : i. 17, 190.' et tres mansuras qiiietas et ab omni re liberas, duas in civitateet unam extra de North. . . . portam Item Ricardus comes dedit decimum salmonem de ponte et locum unius molendini citra pontem et decimum illius molendini ultra pontem. I, Earl Richard, after the death of my father, have given, for the welfare of my soul and of his, the land which was Wulfric's over against the North Gate, by service of first an ear of corn and afterwards of a knife or sickle upon the altar of St. Werburgh's also the ; mill of Bache also three ; messuages free from all dues, two being in ' the city and one outside the North Gate. . . . Item : the Earl Richard has given the tithes of the salmon fishery at the bridge and of the place of one mill on this side of the bridge ; also the tithes of that mill beyond the bridge. The main consideration here is that, with extra land at the North Gate, Richard gave the monks the watermill of Bache in the same neighbourhood ; and to that convenient locality there can be no doubt they speedily transferred the soke of their tenants from the bridge mill. He also granted, it seems to be stated, the tithes of the fishery and of the corn mill on the town side of the bridge, and of the mill on the other side of the same, this subsequently and probably then being a fulling mill. A corollary of this rearrangement of affairs appears incidentally in one of the later pleadseveral records that in anno 11 19 Richard, then Earl of Cheshire, granted a Harl. MSS., ings : ''It doth appear by 2082. 6. rent of 5^' per an. to the then abbot of Chester for and in respect of the tithes of the said [bridge] mills, which rent is now [c. 1650] received by the Dean and Chapter." But if the abbey had owned the corn mill in 11 19, it would ordinarily also have owned the tithe of the same. This grant of the tithe, therefore, be taken as evidence that the monks had no may
SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 59 longer any proprietary interest in the mills; their single one apparently having been leased to or exchanged Chester.' with the earl for this grant of its tithe and those of 2. The Abbey the adjacent properties at the bridge. This conjecture and the Mills, may be confirmed by another reference. In 1293 ^^ ^°^^' find mention of a coroner's inquest touching the death of one Richard Molendinarius, who was "killed with a Harl. MSS., ^°57. 8. cogg wheele of a milne of the abbots of Chester, which milne was leased to the king." From the designation of the miller, it appears that he was a corn miller ; fulling millers or walkers being rarely, if ever, so termed. The mill, therefore, seems to have been that originally granted by Earl Hugh, and subsequently nominally ''leased "or granted back to Earl Richard by the abbey in consideration of the tithe ; such lease or grant passing eventually to the Crown. However this may be, the mills in future appear as the property first of the earls and afterwards of the sovereigns, not of the monks ; whose milling estate for themselves and their North Gate tenants lay at the North Gate, and comprised the watermill of Bache and a wind- mill they erected in later years in near proximity to the said gate.* 3. Under the Earls of Chester the mills of Dee were 3. Claims by constituted the manorial mills of the city (except the , Northgate Street), and those Customs were established which in 1356 Edward III. confirmed, and which in later centuries were invariably recited in legal plead- ings. Randolph Blundeville, sixth earl (1181-1232), seems specially to have placed the mills and their toll i^i- ^|!72l * At the Dissolution the " survey of the said late Monastery" included:— . ij mills w'oute the Northgate of Cestr' w'in the pysshe of Saynte Oswald ... J iiij" xiij» iiij''. Subsequently these mills were worked by Alderman Bavand, and in 1567 an action was brought against his widow by the lessees of Dee Mills for infringement of soke rights. Bache watermill existed till modern times. The windmill was destroyed in July 1643 ; when, "to prevent the enemy making lodgement to the annoyance of the city, the great windmill without the North Gate was taken down."
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 59<br />
longer any proprietary interest in the mills; their single<br />
one apparently having been leased to or exchanged Chester.'<br />
w<strong>it</strong>h the earl for this grant <strong>of</strong> <strong>it</strong>s t<strong>it</strong>he and those <strong>of</strong> 2. The Abbey<br />
the adjacent properties at the bridge. This conjecture and the Mills,<br />
may be confirmed by another reference. In 1293 ^^ ^°^^'<br />
find mention <strong>of</strong> a coroner's inquest touching the death<br />
<strong>of</strong> one Richard Molendinarius, who was "killed w<strong>it</strong>h a Harl. MSS.,<br />
^°57. 8.<br />
cogg wheele <strong>of</strong> a milne <strong>of</strong> the abbots <strong>of</strong> Chester,<br />
which milne was leased to the king." From the<br />
designation <strong>of</strong> the miller, <strong>it</strong> appears that he was a <strong>corn</strong><br />
miller ; fulling millers or walkers being rarely, if ever,<br />
so termed. The mill, therefore, seems to have been that<br />
originally granted by Earl Hugh, and subsequently<br />
nominally ''leased "or granted back to Earl Richard<br />
by the abbey in consideration <strong>of</strong> the t<strong>it</strong>he ; such lease<br />
or grant passing eventually to the Crown. However<br />
this may be, the mills in future appear as the property<br />
first <strong>of</strong> the earls and afterwards <strong>of</strong> the sovereigns, not<br />
<strong>of</strong> the monks ; whose <strong>milling</strong> estate for themselves and<br />
their North Gate tenants lay at the North Gate,<br />
and comprised the watermill <strong>of</strong> Bache and a wind-<br />
mill they erected in later years in near proxim<strong>it</strong>y to<br />
the said gate.*<br />
3. Under the Earls <strong>of</strong> Chester the mills <strong>of</strong> Dee were 3. Claims by<br />
const<strong>it</strong>uted the manorial mills <strong>of</strong> the c<strong>it</strong>y (except the ,<br />
Northgate Street), and those Customs were established<br />
which in 1356 Edward III. confirmed, and which in<br />
later centuries were invariably rec<strong>it</strong>ed in legal plead-<br />
ings. Randolph Blundeville, sixth earl (1181-1232),<br />
seems specially to have placed the mills and their toll<br />
i^i-<br />
^|!72l<br />
* At the Dissolution the " survey <strong>of</strong> the said late Monastery" included:— .<br />
ij mills w'oute the Northgate <strong>of</strong> Cestr' w'in the pysshe <strong>of</strong> Saynte Oswald ... J<br />
iiij" xiij» iiij''.<br />
Subsequently these mills were worked by Alderman Bavand, and in 1567 an<br />
action was brought against his widow by the lessees <strong>of</strong> Dee Mills for infringement<br />
<strong>of</strong> soke rights. Bache watermill existed till modern times. The windmill was<br />
destroyed in July 1643 ; when, "to prevent the enemy making lodgement to the<br />
annoyance <strong>of</strong> the c<strong>it</strong>y, the great windmill w<strong>it</strong>hout the North Gate was taken<br />
down."
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