History of corn milling .. - Centrostudirpinia.it
History of corn milling .. - Centrostudirpinia.it History of corn milling .. - Centrostudirpinia.it
36 HISTORY OF CORN MILLING: vol. iv. SHREWSBURY P^^^^^^y ^^ Convenient to follow their example, and ABBEY curtly dismiss it as a forgery ; but while reasonable ^ 'explanation of its terms is. possible and tenable proof f" j^ of is it forgery lacking, becomes a duty to accept and Charter, 1094. endeavour to somewhat explain it. They impugn the Text, post, p, 41. deed (which no doubt was drafted by the monks) on the following grounds :— Hist. Shby., It relates how the earl, by the licence of King William, with ii. 15, 16. whose name in the first person this pretended charter sets out [i]^ and Archbishop Lanfranc, and Peter, Bishop of Chester, who had died in 1085 [2], assembled monks there in the year from the incarnation of our Lord 1087, a mode of dating unknown in English charters of that . . . age [3]. The manrter in which the Conqueror is made ta speak of Earl Roger is perfectly ridiculous : that ' was venerable nobleman, after a ' lapse of years, to the monks who shared his bounty,. but it is absurd to suppose that a sovereign would thus style a subject [4]. In every one of these boldly advanced condemna- tions (numbered here, as above, for reference) the historians are utterly wrong, and if the document is to be proved a forgery it must be done on other grounds than those they advance.* * [i] They fail to discover that this is a charter of William II., not of WiUiam I., and consequently that it does not set out in the first person with the name of the latter, but with the name of the former ; under the auspices of whom, and of Bishop Robert the abbey was opened in 1087. [2] There appears to be neither error nor ambiguity in the allusion to Bishop Peter. It is true that he died in 1085, but it was he who in March 1083, as Ordericus states, had granted the original licence to Roger to establish the house. His authority did not die with him ; and, as the charter states, in 1087 the monki ultimately "congregated," or assembled, under his original licence— not in hislifetime or presence, as the historians mistakenly conceive. Precisely the same statement as to Bishop Peter, with equal accuracy, is made in the Historia, quoted later. [3] The charter is not dated in Arabic figures, "1087," in a mode thea uncommon, but exactly as follows—anno ab Incarnatione Domini millesimooctogesimo septimo. Some one, later, has marked the figures "1087" in the margin as a reference (see Monasticon, edition of 1682), and the historians seem. to have confused this with the charter itself. Codex Dipl. [4] Sovereigns frequently and ordinarily styled subjects "Venerable." In- /Evi. Sax., I. xxj stances may be adduced by the score, from the time of Ethelbald, who thus. passim. addressed Hubert (Ego Aethibald . . . ttenerabile Seruo dei Eauberht^e), and Rymer's Foedera, other Saxon kings; to Richard I. in 1194 (Ricardus rex Anglia . . . Venerabile 5 Richard Let seq'. P^^" Hubert); Edward IV. in 1478 (Edwardus rex . . . Venerabilis pater Johannes) ; and so on. In fact, " Venerable" war, an ordinary courtesy title usually applied to distinguished clerics : and it was in this capacity that, in 1094, the distinguished monk Earl Roger was so addressed. The same term, used in the admittedly genuine charter of Henry III. to Shrewsbury, quoted later, passes unnoticed by the local historians.
SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 37 Sanctorum patrum monemur exemplo possessiones quas nostris Htemporibus sanctae ecclesiae k fidelibus collatas noverimus, literarum ^^^F^^^^^ memoriae diligentur assignare, turn propter conferentum utilitatem MILLS. quoniam eorum exemplo posteri ad bene agendum provocentur ; turn propter malignorum perversitatem qui ad diripiendas possessiones ecclesiasticas toto conamine inhiare noscuntur. Nos itaque majorum 3. ' An alleged Forged imitantes industriam posterorum notitiae scribendo transmittere Charter, 1094. curavimus quoddam pietatis opus quod venerabilis comes Rogerius Monast. Ang., et devota ejus conjux Adelaisia nomine nostra setate Deo obtulerunt. i. 380'' Eratin suburbis civitatis Scropesbery parva satis ecclesiain honore i (Pat. Hy. VL, beatorum apostolorum Petri et Pauli constructa cujus situs ad P- S> ^- ^9)- collocanda servorum Dei habitacula congruus videbatur. Comes ergo fretus licentia et auctoritate regis Willielmi et Cantuariensis archiepiscopi Lanfranci necnon et Cestriensis episcopi Petri, ad cujus diocesim isdem pertinebat locus, monachos illuc pro sua suorumque salute Domino exoraturos aggregavit anno ab Incarnatione Domini millesimo octogesimo septimo. Quibus ad victus subsidia ipse et veneranda ejus uxor possessiones subscriptas imperpetuum donaverunt. Imprimis scilicet vicum unum eidem ecclesiae contiguum cum tribus molendinis cunctusq. redditibus ad eum pertinentibus, qui vicus Anglice dicetur Biforieta quod Latine significat ante portam. . . . Haec omnia venerabilis comes Rogerius cum filiis suis Hugone scilicet Roberto Rogero et Arnulpho concessit atque firmavit. Haec omnia ego Willielmus rex Anglorum concessi et sigillo meo corrobaravi. We are moved by the example of the holy fathers to sign our hand to a script preserving the memory of what possessions in our time we have known to be granted to the holy church by the faithful— as well because of the practical benefit of such a record (since by their example posterity may be moved to do good) as because of the known perversity of malignants who with one accord band together for rending asunder ecclesiastical possessions. We, therefore, imitating the industry of the worthies [the monks], have had the care to transmit for the attention of posterity a writing of a certain work of piety which the Venerable Earl Roger and his devoted wife, named Adelaisa, have [now] offered to God in our time. In the suburbs of the city of Shrewsbury was a small, poor, little church, built in honour of the Saints Peter and Paul, the site of which w^as seen to be suitable for providing a small habitation for the servants of God. The earl, therefore, relying on the licence and authority of King William, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Lanfranc, also of Peter, Bishop of Chester, to whose diocese the place belonged, has congregated the monks there to exhort God for the welfare of the souls of himself and his, in the year of the incarnation of our Lord one thousand and eighty-seven. As an auxiliary support for them, he and his revered wife have given in perpetuity the under-written possessions. First, one road contiguous to the said church, with three mills
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SOME FEUDAL MILLS. 37<br />
Sanctorum patrum monemur exemplo possessiones quas nostris Htemporibus<br />
sanctae ecclesiae k fidelibus collatas noverimus, l<strong>it</strong>erarum ^^^F^^^^^<br />
memoriae diligentur assignare, turn propter conferentum util<strong>it</strong>atem MILLS.<br />
quoniam eorum exemplo posteri ad bene agendum provocentur ;<br />
turn propter malignorum pervers<strong>it</strong>atem qui ad diripiendas possessiones<br />
ecclesiasticas toto conamine inhiare noscuntur. Nos <strong>it</strong>aque majorum<br />
3.<br />
'<br />
An alleged<br />
Forged<br />
im<strong>it</strong>antes industriam posterorum not<strong>it</strong>iae scribendo transm<strong>it</strong>tere Charter, 1094.<br />
curavimus quoddam pietatis opus quod venerabilis comes Rogerius Monast. Ang.,<br />
et devota ejus conjux Adelaisia nomine nostra setate Deo obtulerunt. i. 380''<br />
Eratin suburbis civ<strong>it</strong>atis Scropesbery parva satis ecclesiain honore i<br />
(Pat. Hy. VL,<br />
beatorum apostolorum Petri et Pauli constructa cujus s<strong>it</strong>us ad P- S> ^- ^9)-<br />
collocanda servorum Dei hab<strong>it</strong>acula congruus videbatur. Comes<br />
ergo fretus licentia et auctor<strong>it</strong>ate regis Willielmi et Cantuariensis<br />
archiepiscopi Lanfranci necnon et Cestriensis episcopi Petri, ad<br />
cujus diocesim isdem pertinebat locus, monachos illuc pro sua<br />
suorumque salute Domino exoraturos aggregav<strong>it</strong> anno ab Incarnatione<br />
Domini millesimo octogesimo septimo.<br />
Quibus ad victus subsidia ipse et veneranda ejus uxor possessiones<br />
subscriptas imperpetuum donaverunt. Imprimis scilicet vicum unum<br />
eidem ecclesiae contiguum cum tribus molendinis cunctusq. redd<strong>it</strong>ibus<br />
ad eum pertinentibus, qui vicus Anglice dicetur Biforieta quod<br />
Latine significat ante portam. . . .<br />
Haec omnia venerabilis comes Rogerius cum filiis suis Hugone<br />
scilicet Roberto Rogero et Arnulpho concess<strong>it</strong> atque firmav<strong>it</strong>.<br />
Haec omnia ego Willielmus rex Anglorum concessi et sigillo meo<br />
corrobaravi.<br />
We are moved by the example <strong>of</strong> the holy fathers to sign our<br />
hand to a script preserving the memory <strong>of</strong> what possessions in our<br />
time we have known to be granted to the holy church by the fa<strong>it</strong>hful—<br />
as well because <strong>of</strong> the practical benef<strong>it</strong> <strong>of</strong> such a record (since by<br />
their example poster<strong>it</strong>y may be moved to do good) as because <strong>of</strong> the<br />
known pervers<strong>it</strong>y <strong>of</strong> malignants who w<strong>it</strong>h one accord band together<br />
for rending asunder ecclesiastical possessions. We, therefore,<br />
im<strong>it</strong>ating the industry <strong>of</strong> the worthies [the monks], have had the<br />
care to transm<strong>it</strong> for the attention <strong>of</strong> poster<strong>it</strong>y a wr<strong>it</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> a certain<br />
work <strong>of</strong> piety which the Venerable Earl Roger and his devoted wife,<br />
named Adelaisa, have [now] <strong>of</strong>fered to God in our time.<br />
In the suburbs <strong>of</strong> the c<strong>it</strong>y <strong>of</strong> Shrewsbury was a small, poor,<br />
l<strong>it</strong>tle church, built in honour <strong>of</strong> the Saints Peter and Paul, the s<strong>it</strong>e<br />
<strong>of</strong> which w^as seen to be su<strong>it</strong>able for providing a small hab<strong>it</strong>ation for<br />
the servants <strong>of</strong> God. The earl, therefore, relying on the licence<br />
and author<strong>it</strong>y <strong>of</strong> King William, the Archbishop <strong>of</strong> Canterbury,<br />
Lanfranc, also <strong>of</strong> Peter, Bishop <strong>of</strong> Chester, to whose diocese the<br />
place belonged, has congregated the monks there to exhort God for the<br />
welfare <strong>of</strong> the souls <strong>of</strong> himself and his, in the year <strong>of</strong> the incarnation<br />
<strong>of</strong> our Lord one thousand and eighty-seven.<br />
As an auxiliary support for them, he and his revered wife have<br />
given in perpetu<strong>it</strong>y the under-wr<strong>it</strong>ten possessions.<br />
First, one road contiguous to the said church, w<strong>it</strong>h three mills